PLANTPATHOLOGY

1. Path1101FundamentalsofPlantPathology(2+1)

Theory

Plantpathology-Importanceofplantdiseases-Definition,Scope-Objectives-Historyof

PlantPathology-Term andconceptsinPlantPathology-Classificationofplantdiseases.

Importantplantpathogenic organisms-Fungi,bacteria,fastidious vascularbacteria,

virus,viroids, phytoplasma, spiroplasma, algae, protozoa, nematodes, phanerogamic

parasiteswithexamplesofdiseasecausedbythem.Diseasesduetoabioticcauses.Causes/

factorsaffectingdiseasedevelopment:diseasetriangleandtetrahedron.Fungi-definition,

characters,somaticstructures,nomenclature,classification,keytodivisions,subdivisions,

ordersandclasses,reproduction,dispersal.Bacteria,Virusesandmollicutes-Morphology,

classification,reproduction,transmission,dispersalandsurvival.Parasitism,Variabilityof

plantpathogens.Defensemechanism inplants.Pathogenesis.Roleindiseasedevelopment-

Enzymes,Toxins,Growthregulators.

Practical

Acquaintance with labequipments and Procedures. Collection and preservation of

specimens.Media preparation.Isolation of plant pathogens and proving

pathogenicity.Symptoms offungalbacterial,viraland phytoplasmaldiseases.Study of

representative fungal genera.Staining and identification of plant pathogenic

bacteria.Transmissionofplantviruses.Studyofphanerogamicparasites.

Lectureschedule

PlantPathology–introduction–importanceofplantdiseasesHistoryofPlantPathology-InternationalandNationalimportance.3-4Causesofplantdiseases,Termsandconceptsin PlantPathology– bacteria,fungi,

viruses, viroids,phytoplasmas,fastidiousvascularbacteria,parasites,pathogens,

biotrophs,hemibiotrophs,necrotrophs.

5-6 Pathogenicity,pathogenesis,diseasetriangle,diseasetetrahedron,virulence,

infection,inoculum,invasion,colonisation,inoculum potential,symptoms,

incubationperiod.

7-8 Diseasecycle,diseasesyndrome,monocyclicdiseases,polycyclicdiseases,alternate

host,collateralhost.Predisposition,physiologicalrace,biotype,symbiosis,

mutualism,antagonism

9-10 Defencemechanism inplants11-12Pathogenesis-enzymes,toxinsandgrowthregulatorsinplantdisease

development13-14Typesofparasitism andvariabilityinplantpathogens

15-17Survivalanddispersalofplantpathogens18-19Generalcharactersoffungi,classificationoffungi,methodsofreproduction

MidTerm ExaminationGeneralcharacters,taxonomy,somaticstructures,reproduction,lifecycleandplant

pathologicalsignificanceoftheDivisionMyxomycota–Plasmodiophora,Spongospora.

Generalcharacters,taxonomy,somaticstructures,reproduction,lifecycleandplantpathologicalsignificanceofSubDivisionMastigomycotinaSynchytrium&Physoderma.

Generalcharacters,taxonomy,somaticstructures,reproduction,lifecycleandplantpathologicalsignificanceofPythium&Phytophthora

Generalcharacters,taxonomy,somatic structures,reproduction,life cycle and plantpathological significance of Albugo, Sclerophthora, Peronosclerospora,Peronospora&Plasmopara.

Generalcharacters,taxonomy,somaticstructures,reproduction,lifecycleandplantpathologicalsignificanceofSubDivisionZygomycotina.RhizopusandMucor.

Generalcharacters,taxonomy,somaticstructures,reproduction,lifecycleandplantpathologicalsignificanceofSubDivisionAscomycotina–Taphrina&yeasts

Generalcharacters,taxonomy,somaticstructures,reproduction,lifecycleandplantpathologicalsignificanceofErysiphe,Aspergillus,Penicillium

Generalcharacters,taxonomy,somaticstructures,reproduction,lifecycleandplantpathologicalsignificanceofClaviceps,Chaetomium,Ascobolus,Sclerotinia.

Generalcharacters,taxonomy,somatic structures,reproduction,life cycle and plantpathological significance of Sub Division Basidiomycotina. - Puccinia,Melampsora,Uromyces.

Generalcharacters,taxonomy,somaticstructures,reproduction,lifecycleandplantpathologicalsignificanceofUstilago,Tilletia,Neovossia,SphacelothecaTolyposporium.

Generalcharacters,taxonomy,somatic structures,reproduction,life cycle and plantpathologicalsignificanceofSubDivisionDeuteromycotina-Colletotricum,Alternaria,Cercospora,Pestalotia,BotryodiplodiaandDiplodia.

Generalcharacters,taxonomy,somatic structures,reproduction,life cycle and plantpathologicalsignificance ofCorticium,Fusarium,Helminthosporium,Pyricularia,Sclerotium,Rhizoctonia,Phyllosticta,Phoma,TrichodermaandVerticillium.

MorphologicalCharactersandclassificationofphytopathogenicbacteria.Symptomsofbacterialdiseases,modeofentry,reproductionandspread.Virus–definitionnature,properties,classification,virus–vectorrelationships.Commonsymptomsofvirus,viroidandphytoplasmaldiseasesofcrops.Charactersofalgalandphanerogamicplantparasites–symptoms.

Practicalschedule

Commonsymptomsofplantdiseasescausedbyfungi,bacteria,virusandphytoplasmaldiseases

CommonlaboratoryequipmentsandtechniquesCollectionandpreservationofplantdiseasespecimenIsolationofplantpathogensandpathogenicitytestingTransmissionstudiesforviraldiseasesymptomexpression.Microscopicslideculture,commonmediaandmountantsusedinmycology.StainingandidentificationofplantpathogenicbacteriaStudyofcharacters,symptoms,hostparasiterelationshipsandsystematicpositionoffungi

belongingtoDivisionMyxomycota.Studyofcharacters,symptoms,hostparasiterelationshipsandsystematicpositionoffungi

belongingtoSubDivisionMastigomycotinaPythium&Phytophthora.Studyofcharacters,symptoms,hostparasiterelationshipsandsystematicpositionoffungi

belongingtoWhiteRust–AlbugoStudyofcharacters,symptoms,hostparasiterelationshipsandsystematicpositionoffungi

belongingtoDownymildews–Plasmopara&PeronosporaStudyofcharacters,symptoms,hostparasiterelationshipsandsystematicpositionoffungi

belongingtoSubDivisionZygomycotinaRhizopusStudyofcharacters,symptoms,hostparasiterelationshipsandsystematicpositionoffungi

belongingtoSubDivisionAscomycotina.AspergillusPenicillum Saccharomyces &Taphrina

Studyofcharacters,symptoms,hostparasiterelationshipsandsystematicpositionoffungibelongingtoPowderymildewfungi

Studyofcharacters,symptoms,hostparasiterelationshipsandsystematicpositionoffungibelongingtoRustFungiandSmutfungi

Studyofcharacters,symptoms,hostparasiterelationshipsandsystematicpositionofediblemacrofungiandfungibelongingtoSubDivision.Deuteromycotina

Studyofphanerogamicplantparasites.PracticalExamination

SuggestedReadings

Agrios,G.N.2005.PlantPathology.(5thEd.).ElsevierAcademicPress.882p.

Alexopoulos,C.J.,Mims,C.W.andBlackwell,M.2014.IntroductoryMycology(4thEd.).WileyIndiaPvtLtd.833p

Jayaraman,J.andVerma,J.P.2002.FundamentalsofPlantBacteriology(Reprint,2015).Kalyanipublishers,NewDelhi

Pelczar,M.J.,Chan,E.C.S.andKrieg,N.R.1986.Microbiology.TataMcGraw-HillPublishingCompanyLtd,NewDelhi.

Ravichandra,N.G.2013.FundamentalsofPlantPathology.PHILearningPvtLtd.639p.Walkey,D.G.1991.AppliedPlantVirology(2ndEd.).Springer,352p.Webster,J.andWeber,R.W.S.2007.IntroductiontoFungi.(3rdEd.).CambridgeUniversity

press.817p.

2. Path.2102Principlesofintegratedplantdiseasemanagement(1+1)

Theory

Categoriesofdiseases;Introduction,history,importance,concepts,principlesandtoolsof

IDM;Economicimportanceofdiseaseriskanalysis.Epidemiology:Factorsaffectingdisease

development.Methodsofdetectionanddiagnosisofdiseases.Principlesandmethodsofplant

diseasemanagement.Methodsofcontrol:Hostplantresistance,cultural,mechanical,physical,

legislative,biologicalandchemicalcontrol.Survey,surveillanceandforecastingofdiseases.

Introductionto conventionalfungicidesand new generationfungicidesforthedisease

management.Nature,chemicalcombination,classification,modeofactionandformulationsof

fungicidesandantibiotics.Ecologicalmanagementofcrop environment.Developmentand

validationofIDM module.ImplementationandimpactofIDM (IDM moduleanddisease).

Safetyissuesinpesticideuses.Political,socialandlegalimplicationsofIDM.Casehistories

ofimportantIDM programmesin cereals,vegetables,pulses, tubercrops,spices and

plantationcropsandornamentals.

Practical

Methodsofdiagnosisanddetectionofvariousplantdiseases,Methodsplantdisease

assessment.Assessmentofcropyieldlosses,calculationsbasedoneconomicsofIDM,

Identificationofbiocontrolagents.MassmultiplicationofTrichoderma,Pseudomonassp.Culturalmethods(soilsolarization).Physicalmethods,PlanningandimplementationofIDM

ofselecteddiseases.Natureanddamageofimportantdiseasesandtheirmanagement,

Assessmentofdiseases,cropmonitoringandplanningofpreventivestrategies,Studyof

fungicidesandtheirformulations.Methodsofpesticideapplicationandtheirsafeuse.

Calculationoffungicidespraysconcentrations.Awarenesscampaignatfarmer’sfields.

Lectureschedule

Introduction-Lossescausedbyplantdiseases-Importanceandhistoryofintegrateddiseasemanagement

Epidemiologyofcropdiseases-Weather,PathogenandHostfactorsandtheirroleincropdiseaseepidemics

Survey&surveillance-Diseaseassessment-Forecasting-Diseasemodelling-Economicimportanceofdiseasesriskanalysis.

Principlesofcropdiseasemanagement-Importance;GeneralPrinciples-Avoidance-Exclusion-protection

PlantQuarantineandInspection-RulesandRegulationsCulturalcontrol-Roguing,eradicationofalternateandcollateralhosts,croprotation,mixed

croppingmanureandfertilizermanagement.Sanitation,hotweatherploughing,soilamendments,timeofsowing,seedrateandplantdensity,irrigationanddrainage.

PhysicalMethods–soilsolarization,heattreatmentetc.Biologicalcontrol-RoleandmechanismsofbiocontrolagentsandPGPR.

MidTerm Examination

9-13. Chemicalmethods–Fungicides–classification–chemicalgroupsoffungicides–

inorganic,organic,systemic,antibioticetc.,Modeofactions-Methodsof

applicationoffungicides–seed,soil,foliarspray,postharvesttreatment,root

feedingetc.-Fungicideformulations–Characteristicsofanidealfungicide.

Compatibilityandphytotoxicityoffungicides-Newgenerationfungicides.

Plantdiseaseresistance–typesofresistance–verticalandhorizontal–Defensemechanism inplants–StructuralandBiochemical(preandpost-infection)cross-protection

Biotechnologicalapproachinplantdiseasemanagement–tissueculture–somaclonalvariation,transgenicplantsetc.

Integratedplantdiseasemanagement(IDM)–Concepts,advantagesandimportance.Ecologicalmanagementofcropenvironment.

DevelopmentandvalidationofIDM module,ImplementationandimpactofIDM -Political,socialandlegalimplicationofIDM.

CasestudiesofimportantIDM programmesincereals,vegetables,pulses,tubercrops,spicesandplantationcropsandornamentals

Practicalschedule

ProvingKoch’spostulatesDiagnosisanddetectionofplantdiseasesAssessmentofdiseases–grading,scorechart–diseaseindex.ScreeningofvarietiesforresistancetoplantdiseaseDiseaseindexingforearlydetectionofvirusdiseases.Familiarizationwithdifferentgroupsoffungicides.PreparationofBordeauxmixture,Bordeauxpasteandcheshuntcompound,phytotoxicity

offungicidesPreparationoffungicidalspraysolutions-methodsofapplicationoffungicides–spraying

andsoildrenching.Seedtreatmentwithsystemicandcontactfungicides;Rootfeeding,postharvesttreatment.Bio-assayoffungicides–poisonedfoodtechnique,inhibitionzonetechniqueandslide

germinationtechniqueBio-controlofplantpathogens–dualculturetechniqueandin-vitrotestingMethodsofmassmultiplicationofTrichodermaspandPseudomonassp.Solarisationformanagementofsoilbornepathogens;Demonstrationofphysicalmethods

forcropdiseasemanagementPreparationandapplicationofbotanicalsFamiliarizationwithplantprotectionequipments.VisittoPlantQuarantineStation,RemotesensinglaboratoryandTissueculturelaboratoryDevelopmentofIDM ofanyonediseaseoffield/vegetable/horticulturalcrops

(practicalassignment)PracticalExamination

SuggestedReadings

Agrios,G.N.2005.PlantPathology.AcademyPress.NewYork.Dasgupta,M.K.1998.PrinciplesofPlantPathology.AlliedPublishersPvt.Ltd.BangaloreGupta,G.P.2004.TextBookofPlantDiseases.DiscoveryPublishingHouse.NewDelhiGupta,V.K.andSharma,R.C.2011.IntegratedDiseaseManagementandPlant

Health.ScientificPublishersMaloy,O.C.1993.PlantDiseasecontrol.PrinciplesandPractice.JohnWileyandSons.Inc,

NewYorkMehrotra,R.S.1980.PlantPathology.TataMc.GrawTillPubl.Co.,,NewDelhi.

Nene,Y.L.andThapliyal,P.N.1998.FungicidesinPlantDiseaseControl.OxfordandIBHNewDelhi

Prakasam,V.,Reguchander,T.andPrabakar,K.1998.Plantdiseasesmanagement.A.E.Publication,Coimbatore.

Singh.R.S.2002.IntroductiontoPrinciplesofPlantPathology.OxfordandIBHPublishing,NewDelhi.

3. Path.2203DiseasesofcropsandtheirmanagementI(2+1)

Theory

Symptoms,etiology,diseasecycleandmanagementofmajordiseasesoffollowingcrops:

FieldcropsRice:blast,brownspot,bacterialblight,sheathblight,sheathrot,footrot,false

smut,khairaandtungro;

Maize:stalkrots,downymildew,powderymildew,leafspots,rust;Sorghum:smuts,grain

moldandanthracnose,downymildew,powderymildew,rust,leafspots;Bajra:downymildew

andergot;powderymildew,leafspots,rust;Wheat:rusts,loosesmut,karnalbunt,powdery

mildew,alternariablight,andearcockle;Fingermillet:Blastandleafspot;Sugarcane:redrot,

smut,wilt,grassyshoot,ratoonstuntingandPokkahBoeng;Cotton:anthracnose,vascular

wilt,andblackarm;Tobacco:dampingoff,blackshank,blackrootrotandmosaic,leafcurl;

Groundnut:earlyandlateleafspots,rootrot,viraldiseases,wilt;Soybean:Rhizoctoniablight,

bacterialspot,seed and seedling rotand mosaic;Sunflower:Sclerotinia stem rotand

Alternariablight;Castor:Phytophthorablight;Pea:downymildew,powderymildewandrust;

Pigeonpea:Phytophthorablight,wiltandsterilitymosaic;Black&greengram:Cercospora

leafspotandanthracnose,webblightandyellow mosaic;Gram:wilt,greymouldand

Ascochytablight;Lentil:rustandwilt;VegetableCrops:Cruciferousvegetables:Clubroot,

Alternarialeafspot,blackrot,dampingoff,downymildew,blackleg,blackrot,headrotand

leafblight;Mustard:Alternariablight,whiterust,downymildew andSclerotiniastem rot;

Potato:late blight,earlyblight,wart,blackscurf,bacterialwilt,viraldiseases;Brinjal:

PhomopsisblightandfruitrotandSclerotiniablight;Tomato:dampingoff,wilt,earlyandlate

blight,buckeyerotandleafcurlandmosaic;Chillies:anthracnoseandfruitrot,wiltandleaf

curl,mosaic;Okra:Leafspot,YellowVeinMosaic;Beans:Anthracnoseandbacterialblight;

Tapioca: leaf spot, sett rot, tuber rot, bacterial wilt, mosaic; Colocasia, Yams,

Amorphophallus:Phytophthorablight;Cucurbits:downymildew,powderymildew,wilt,leaf

spot,viraldiseases;Onionandgarlic:purpleblotch,andStemphylium blight;Amaranthus&

leafyvegetables:whiterust,leafblight;Coriander:stem gall;Postharvestdiseasesinfield

andvegetablecropsetc.

Practical

Identificationandhistopathologicalstudiesofselecteddiseasesoffieldandvegetable

cropscoveredintheory.Fieldvisitforthediagnosisoffieldproblems.Collectionand

preservationofplantdiseasedspecimensforHerbarium;Note:Studentsshouldsubmit50

pressedandwell-mountedspecimens.

Lectureschedule

Introductiontothestudyofcropdiseases–economicimportanceofcropdiseases-symptomscausalagents-diseasecycle–management.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofRice-blast,sheathblight,sheathrot.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofotherdiseasesofRice-brownspot,falsesmut,udbatta,footrotetc.

Bacterialdiseases ofRice –BacterialLeafBlightand bacterialleafstreak;Viralandphytoplasmaldiseases-tungro,grassystunt,yellowdwarfandraggedstunt;mineraldeficiencydiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofWheatrusts.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofsmutsandbunts,powderymildew,Alternarialeafblight,andtunduofWheat.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofmillets-Sorghum-rusts,smuts,downymildew,sugarydisease,charcoalrot,anthracnose,blight,leafspotandstriga.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofMaize-smuts,downymildew,rust,stalkrotandleafspot.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofBajra-rusts,smuts,downymildewandergot.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofminormillets.

Diseasesoflegumes-economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofPigeonpea– Phytophthorablight,wilt,sterilitymosaicanddryrootrot.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofRed,Black,GreenandBengalgram -Dryrootrot,rustandmosaic;gram–wilt,greymoldandAscochytablight;lentil–rustandwilt.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofoilseeds-Groundnut-earlyandlateleafspot,rust,Sclerotium stem rot,aflarootdisease.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofGroundnut-crownrot,seedlingrot,seedlingblight,podrotandviraldiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofdiseasesofSunflower–Sclerotium stem rot,rust,Alternariablightandheadrot.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofSesamum -leafspotsandleafblights,powderymildewandphyllody.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofCastor–seedlingblight;Mustard–whiterust,downymildew,Sclerotiumstem rot,Alternariablightandbacterialrot.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofSoybean-Rhizoctoniablight,pod blight,seed rot,bacterialpustule,seedlingblightandmosaic.

MidTerm Examination

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementoffungaldiseasesofSugarcane–redrot,whipsmut,wiltandpineappledisease.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofSugarcane-ratoonstunting,grassyshoot,gummosisandotherbacterialdiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofCotton-wilt,rootrot,anthracnose,greymildew,blackarm andleafcurl.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofTobacco–dampingoff,blackshank,frogeyespotandwildfire.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementoffungaldiseasesofPotato–lateblight,earlyblight,wart,blackscurfetc.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofPotatobrownrotandotherbacterialdiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementof

diseasesofPotatoviraldiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofBrinjal-Phomopsisblightandfruitrot,Sclerotiniablight,bacterialwilt,andphyllody.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofChillies–anthracnose,dampingoff,bacterialandviraldiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofBhindi–leafspot,powderymildewandyellowveinmosaic.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofTomato-damping off,late blight,earlyblight,fruitrot,fungalandbacterialwilt,viralandphytoplasmaldiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofCucurbits–dampingoff,downymildew,powderymildew,anthracnose,andfruitrot,wilt,viralandphytoplasmaldiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofCowpeaandBeans– collarrotandwebblight,Fusarium wilt,rust,powderymildew,anthracnoseandSclerotiumblight.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofCrucifers-dampingoff,downymildew,blackleg,blackrot,headrotandleafblight.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofonion-smut,smudge,Alternariablight,anthracnose;leafyvegetables/amaranthus–whiterustandRhizoctonialeafblight.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofTubercrops– Cassava– mosaic,bacterialwilt,leafspots,settrot,tuberrot.

Economicimportance,symptoms,causalorganisms,epidemiologyandmanagementofdiseasesofSweetpotato&othertubercrops–wiltandviraldiseasecomplex.

Postharvestdiseasesinvegetablesandfieldcrops.

Practicalschedule

Fieldvisits,surveyandcollectionofdiseasesamples.Preservationofdiseasespecimens.3-4.Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasures

ofdiseasesofrice.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofwheat.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofsorghum andmaize.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofbajraandothermillets.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofgroundnut,sunflowerandsesamum.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofcastor,mustardandsoybean.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseases of redgram, greengram, blackgram, bengalgram, beans andvegetablecowpea.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofcotton.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesoftobacco.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofpotato.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresof

diseasesofsolanaceousvegetables.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofbhindiandamaranthus.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofCrucifersandCucurbits..

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofTubercropsandtea.

PracticalExamination

Note:CollectionandpreservationofplantdiseasedspecimensforHerbarium.

Studentsshouldsubmit50pressedandwell-mountedspecimens.

SuggestedReadings

Agrios,G.N.2005.PlantPathology.AcademyPress.NewYork.Gupta,G.P.2004.TextBookofPlantDiseases.DiscoveryPublishingHouse.NewDelhiGupta,V.K.andPaul,Y.S.2001.DiseasesofVegetableCrops.KalyaniPublishers,NewDelhi

-110002Koike.S.T.,Gladders,P.andPaulus,O.A.2006.VegetableDiseases-AColorHandbook.

AcademyPress.NewYork.Mehrotra,R.S.1980.PlantPathology.TataMc.GrawHillPubl.Co.,NewDelhi.Nair,M.C.andMenon,M.R.1985.DiseasesofCropPlantsinKerala.KeralaAgricultural

UniversityPeethambaran,C.K.,Girija,V.K.,Umamaheswaran,K,andGokulapalan,C.2008.Diseasesof

Cropplantsandtheirmanagement.KeralaAgriculturalUniversity.Prakasam,V.Valluvaparidasan.V.,Raguchander,T.,Prabhakar,K.andThiruvudainambi.S

1997.FieldCropDiseases,A.Epublication,Coimbatore.Ramakrishnan,T.S.1971.DiseasesofMillets.IndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearch.Rangaswami.G.1987.DiseasesofCropplantsinIndia.PrenticeHallofIndiaPrivateLtd.

NewDelhi.Raychaudhuri,S.P.andVerma,J.P.1984/86/88.ReviewofTropicalPlantPathology.Vol.1,

2&5.TodayandTomorrow’sPrintersandPublishers,NewDelhi.RivkaBarkai-Golan.2001.PostharvestDiseasesofFruitsandVegetables:Developmentand

Control.ElsevierB.V.USA.

Sharma,P.D.2001.PlantPathology.Rastogipublications,ShivajiRoad,Meerut.Singh,R.S.1995.DiseasesofVegetablesCrops.OxfordandIBHPublishingCo.Singh,R.S.1990.PlantDiseases.Oxford&IBHPublishingCompanySingh.R.S.2001.Plantdiseasemanagement.OxfordandIBHNewDelhi.ThindT.S.2005.Diseasesoffieldcropsandtheirmanagement.DayaBooks,NewDelhi.

4. Path.3104DiseasesofcropsandtheirmanagementII(2+1)

Theory

Symptoms,etiology,diseasecycleandmanagementoffollowingdiseases:Coconut:wilt

and bud rot;Root(wilt),bud rot,leafrot,grey leafblight,Footrot,stem bleeding,

cadangcadang disease,lethalyellowing;Arecanut:Mahali,foot rot,Stem bleeding,

inflorescencedieback,yellowleafdisease,nurserydiseases,nutritionaldisorders,Oilpalm:

nurserydiseases,crowndiseases,rootandtrunkdiseases,budrot,suddenwilt;Cocoa-

blackpodrot,Moniliapodrot,Botryodiplodiapodrot,otherpodrotdiseases,Cushiongall

disease,witchesbroom,wilts,rootdisease,cherellewilt,swollenshoot;Rubber:Abnormal

leaffall,powderymildew,stem diseases,rootdiseases;Tea-Blisterblight,greyblight,thread

blight,brownblight,birdseyespotstem androotdiseases;Coffee:rust,leafspots,coffee

berrydiseases,rootandstem diseases,dieback;Cardamom:azhukal/capsulerotand

clump rot,Katteandotherviraldisease,otherfoliardiseases,nurserydiseases;Black

pepper:footrot,slowwilt,polludisease,bacterialleafspot,viralandphytoplasmaldiseases;

Betel vine: foot rot,

anthracnose,bacterialleafspot;Ginger:softrot,leafspot,threadblightandbacterialwilt;Turmeric:

leafblotch,leafspot,rhizomerotandrootrot;Clove:slowdecline,rootdiseases,leafblight,

dieback,leafspotdiseases,leafblotch;Cinnamon:leafblight,leafspot,leafblotchanddie-

back symptoms,rootdiseases;Nutmeg and vanilla:leafspots,fruitrotand root

diseases.Banana:Panamawilt,Mokowilt;Viraldiseases-Bunchytop,Mosaic,heartrot,

infectiouschlorosisandKokkan,postharvestdiseases;Mango:malformation,anthracnose,

powderymildew,dieback,pinkdisease,sootymould,redrust,blacktip;deficiencydiseases;

post-harvestdiseases;Cashew:powderymildew,anthracnose,dampingoff,pinkdisease,

sooty mould and inflorescence blight;Grapevine-downy mildew ,powdery mildew,

anthracnose,blackrot,footrot,deadarm,rust,bacterialviralandphytoplasmaldiseases;

Citrus:gummosis,leaffallandfruitrot,scab,pinkdisease,powderymildew,rootrot,felt

disease,sootymould,citruscanker,tristeza,greeningandexocortis,postharvestdiseases;

Pineapple-fruitrot/basalrot/heartrot,wiltandleafspot;Jack:pinkdisease,immaturefruit

rotandpostharvestdiseases;Papaya:stem/footrot,leafspot,mosaic,leafcurl,post-

harvestdiseases;Pomegranate:foliage,stem,fruitandrootdiseases;Sapota:leafspot,flat

limb,fruitrot;Guava:wilt,canker,dryrot,leafspot,seedlingblight,postharvestdiseases;

Mulberry-foliardiseases,stem androotdiseases;Apple:scab,powderymildew,rootrot,

collarrot,blackrot,fireblight,mosaic,postharvestandnonparasiticdiseases;Rose-black

spot,powderymildew,rust,dieback,blight,leafspot,anthracnose,bacterialleafspotand

viraldiseases;Foliarandflower diseasesofOrchids,Anthurium,Dahlia,Chrysanthemum

&Jasmine.

Practical

Identification and histopathologicalstudiesofselected diseasesofhorticulturalcrops

coveredintheory.Fieldvisitforthediagnosisoffieldproblems.Collectionandpreservation

ofplantdiseasedspecimensforHerbarium;Note:Studentsshouldsubmit50pressedand

well-mountedspecimens.

Lectureschedule

Introduction to the study ofdiseases ofhorticulturalcrops,economic importance,symptoms,causalagents,diseasecycle,management.

Diseasesofcoconut,Root(wilt)disease,economicimportance,distributionandsymptomsoncrownandroots,etiology,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofRoot(wilt)diseaseofcoconut.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofbudrot,leafrot,greyleafblightofcoconut.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofFootrotandstem bleeding,cadangcadangdisease,lethalyellowingandotherdiseasesofunknownetiologyofcoconut.

Economic importance,symptoms,cause,disease cycle and integrated managementofdiseasesofarecanut-Mahali,footrot,Stem bleeding,inflorescencedieback.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofyellowleafdiseaseofarecanut,nurserydiseases,stembreaking.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofoilpalm,nurserydiseases,crowndiseases,rootandtrunkdiseases,budrot,suddenwiltandotherdiseasesofoilpalm.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofcocoa-blackpodrot,Moniliapodrot,Botryodiplodiapodrot,otherpodrotdiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementof

Cushiongalldisease,witchesbroom,wilts,rootdisease,cherellewilt,swollenshootofcocoa.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofrubber-Abnormalleaffall,powderymildew,stem diseases,rootdiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesoftea-Blisterblight,greyblight,stem androotdiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofThreadblight,brownblight,birdseyespotoftea.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofcoffee-foliardiseases-rustandleafspots.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofcoffeeberrydiseases,rootandstem diseases,dieback.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofcardamom-azhukal/capsulerotandclumprot.

Economic importance,symptoms,cause,disease cycle,transmission and integratedmanagementofKatteandotherviraldisease,otherfoliardiseases,Nurserydiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofblackpepper-footrotandslowwilt.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofPolludisease,bacterialleafspot,viralandphytoplasmaldiseases.MidTerm Examination

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofbetelvine-footrot,anthracnose,bacterialleafspot.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofginger-softrot,leafspot,threadblightandbacterialwilt.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofturmeric,leafblotch,leafspot,Rhizomerotandrootrot.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofclove-slow decline,rootdiseases,leafblight,dieback,leafspotdiseases,leafblotch

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofcinnamon-leafblight,leafspot,leafblotchanddie-backsymptoms,rootdiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofnutmegandvanilla-leafspots,fruitrotandrootdiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofwiltdiseasesofbanana-Panamawilt,Mokowilt;Viraldiseases-Bunchytop,Mosaic,heartrot,infectiouschlorosisandKokkan

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofpostharvestdiseases-Anthracnose,crownrot,blackspot,pittingdiseases,cigarendrotandpinkmouldrot.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofmango-mangomalformation,anthracnose,powderymildew,dieback,pinkdisease,sootymould,red rust,blacktip;deficiencydiseases;post-harvestdiseases -Diplodia stem end rot,anthracnose,softrot,Black mould rotandAlternariarot.

Economic importance,symptoms,cause,disease cycle and integrated managementofdiseasesofcashew -powderymildew,anthracnose,dampingoff,pinkdisease,sootymouldandinflorescenceblight.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofgrapevine-downymildew,powderymildew,anthracnose,blackrot,footrot,deadarm,rust,bacterialviralandphytoplasmaldiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofcitrus-gummosis,leaffallandfruitrot,scab,pinkdisease,powderymildew,rootrot,feltdisease,sootymould,citruscanker,tristeza,greeningandexocortis,postharvestdiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofpineapple-fruitrot/basalrot/heartrot,wiltandleafspot;diseasesofjack-pinkdisease,immaturefruitrotandpostharvestdiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofpapaya-stem/footrot,leafspot,mosaic,leafcurl,post-harvestdiseases.Diseasesofpomegranateandber-foliage,stem,fruitandrootdiseases.

Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofsapota-leafspot,flatlimb,fruitrot;Diseasesofguava,wilt,canker,dryrot,leafspot,seedlingblight,postharvestdiseases.

Diseases ofmulberry-foliardiseases,stem and rootdiseases.Economic importance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofapple-scab,powderymildew,rootrot,collarrot,blackrot,fireblight,mosaic,postharvestandnonparasiticdiseases.

Diseasesofrose-blackspot,powderymildew,rust,dieback,blight,leafspot,anthracnose,bacterialleafspotandviraldiseases.

Diseasesoforchidsandanthurium.Economicimportance,symptoms,cause,diseasecycleandintegratedmanagementofdiseasesofdahlia,chrysanthemum &jasmine.

Practicalschedule

Fieldvisits,surveyandcollectionofdiseasesamplesPreservationofdiseasespecimens3-4. Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrol

measuresofdiseasesofcoconut

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofarecanutandoilpalm

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofcocoa

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofrubber

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofteaandcoffee

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofcardamom

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofblackpepper,betelvine

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofginger,turmeric

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesoftreespicesandvanilla.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofBanana

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofmangoandcashew

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofsapota,jack,pomegranateandber.

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesofgrapevinecitrus,pineapple,papaya

Studyofsymptoms,etiology,host-parasiterelationshipandspecificcontrolmeasuresofdiseasesof,apple,mulberry,rose,orchidsandanthurium,dahlia,chrysanthemum&jasmine

PracticalExamination

Note: CollectionandpreservationofplantdiseasedspecimensforHerbarium.

Studentsshouldsubmit50pressedandwell-mountedspecimens.

SuggestedReadings

Agrios,G.N.2005.PlantPathology.AcademyPress.NewYork.Bavappa.K.V.A.,NairM.K.andPremkumar,T.1978.TheArecanutpalm.CPCRI,Kasargod.

ElsevierB.V.USA.

Golan,B.R.2001.PostharvestDiseasesofFruitsandVegetables:DevelopmentandControl.

Gupta,G.P.2004.TextBookofPlantDiseases.DiscoveryPublishingHouse.New

DelhiInternationalPvtLtd.NewDelhi.

Lucknow.

Mehrotra,R.S.1980.PlantPathology.TataMc.GrawTillPubl.Co.,NewDelhi.

Nair,M.C.andMenon,M.R.1983.DiseaseofcropplantsofKerala,KeralaAgriculturalUniversityPress,Mannuthy.

Pathak,V.N.1980.Diseasesoffruitcrops.OxfordandIBH,NewDelhi.

Peethambaran,C.K.,Girija,V.K.,Umamaheswaran,K.andGokulapalan,C.2008.DiseasesofCropplantsandtheirmanagement.KeralaAgriculturalUniversity.

Ploetx,R.C.2004.Diseasesoftropicalfruitcrops.CABeBooks.Ebooksonagricultureandtheappliedlifesciencesfrom CABInternational

Rangaswami.G.1987..DiseasesofCropplantsinIndia.PrenticeHallofIndiaPrivateLtd.NewDelhi.

SanjeevKumar.2015. DiseasesofHorticulturalCropsIdentificationandManagement.Astral

Santhakumari,P.(ed)2004.AdvancesinDiseasesofPlantationcropsandSpices.IDBCo.,

Sharma,P.D.2001.PlantPathology.Rastogipublications,ShivajiRoad,Meerut.

Sharma,Y.RandPremkumar,T.1991.Diseasesofblackpepper.NRCforspices,Calicut.

Singh,R.S.1990.PlantDiseases.Oxford&IBHPublishingCompany

Verma,L.R.and Sharma,R.C.1999.DiseasesofHorticulturalCrops:Fruits.IndusPublishing.NewDelhi.