J E F Frost Plants at work 1

Plants at work

Plants at work 2

Key wordsplantseedrootstemleafstarchproducersdicotmonocotendosporepollinationvascular

chlorophyll

photosynthesis

carbon dioxide

oxygen

phosphorus

nitrogen

stomata

cotyledon

pistil

nonvascular

pollen

anther

filament

stigma

style

ovule

xylem

Phloem

germinate

embryo

stamen

Plants at work 3

Plants are producers

Plants get their energy from light

Plants make food by photosynthesis

Light energy is trapped by chlorophyll

Most of the food is stored as starch

Plants at work 4

PhotosynthesisWord equation

sunlight

Carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygen

chlorophyll

Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called producers because they make food and

energy for others to consume.

Plants at work 5

Leaves

Leaves are green because they contain chlorophyll

Leaves have a large surface area to absorb as much light as possible

Plants at work 6

Respiration in plants

All living things carry out respiration

Leaves are thin so that gases can get in and out easily

Gases get into and out of leaves through little holes called stomata

Plants at work 7

Section through a leafWaxy layer-Upper epidermis

Palisade cells-containchloroplast

Spongy cells

Air space

Lower surface-Lower epidermis

Guard cellStomata

Plants at work 8

Plant growth

•Plants need carbon dioxide from the air

•Plants need water

•Plants need light

•Plants need nutrients from the soil including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

•If the soil does not contain enough nutrients then we add fertilizers

Plants at work 9

Fertilizers

Nitrogen is needed for general growth

Phosphorus is needed for healthy roots

Potassium is needed for healthy leaves

Plants at work 10

Water and minerals enter the plant through the roots

Then they go up through little tubes called xylem in the plant stem

Food is transported through tiny tubes in the stem called phloem

Plant plumbing

Plants at work 11

Roots keep the plant anchored in the soil

Roots are covered in lots of tiny hairs

Root hairs take up water from the soil

All the root hairs together have a large surface area

Roots

Plant Plumbing 2

“Plumbing” means tubes that take waterand nutrients from the soil to the rest of the

plantVascular – plants that HAVE tubes/tissue to bring materials to the rest of the plant (gymnosperms – no flowers and angiosperms – flowers)

NonVascular – plants that have NO tubes/tissue to bring materials to the rest of the plant; instead, they absorb the nutrients directly into the cells (small – moss, ferns)

Plants at work 13

Flowers are a plant’s reproductive system

Flowers have male and female reproductive organs

Male part (stamen): anther and filament

Female part (carpel): stigma, style, ovary

Flowers

Plants at work 14

Pollination is the transfer of pollen (male) to the stigma (female)

Pollen grains can be carried by insects

Pollen grains can be carried by the wind

When the ovule is fertilized it turns into a seed

Pollination

Parts of a Flower

Plants at work 15

Parts of a Flower

16

Sepal: The outer parts of the flower (often green and leaf-like) that enclose a developing bud.

Petal: The parts of a flower that are colored. Stamen: The pollen producing part of a flower

Anther: where pollen is produced.

Pistil: The ovule producing part of a flower. The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed.

Stigma: The part of the pistil where pollen germinates (grows).

Ovary: The enlarged portion of the pistil where ovules (eggs) are produced.

Peduncle: The stalk of a flower.

Receptacle: The part of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached.

Plant Notes 3Seeds

All About SeedsAll About Seeds

*Seeds come in different sizes, shapes, and colors. Some can be eaten and some can't. Some seeds germinate easily while others need certain conditions to be met before they will germinate. Germinate: to grow.

*Do you know that within every seed lives a tiny plant or embryo? You can hold in your hand 500 radishes, many thousands of petunias, or an entire meadow if you remember that each seed is a plant!

Seeds travel!

*They can't just get up and walk to a new location, but structures on the seed may allow it to move to a new location. Some of the moving forces might be wind, water, animals, and gravity. Look at the seeds on the next slide and think about how they might travel from place to place.

Dandelion

Coconut

Maple Tree

Parts of SeedsSeed Structure

*The outer covering of a seed is called the seed coat. Seed coats help protect the embryo from injury and also from drying out. Seed coats can be thin and soft as in beans or thick and hard as in locust or coconut seeds.

*Endosperm, a temporary food supply, is packed around the embryo in the form of special leaves called cotyledons or seed leaves. These generally are the first parts visible when the seed germinates.

*Plants are classified based upon the number of seed leaves (cotyledons) in the seed. Plants such as grasses can be monocots, containing one cotyledon. Dicots are plants that have two cotyledons.

Questions

Plants at work 22

1. Plants get their energy from:a. lightb. rainc. carbon dioxided. all of the above

A. Lightsection 1

Plants at work 23

2. Plants make their food by:a. lightb. carbon dioxidec. respirationd. none of the above

D. None of the above

- photosynthesis- section 1

Plants at work 24

3. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water combine to create

a. sugar b. oxygenc. both (a) and (b)d. just (a)

C. Both (a) and (b)

- sugar and oxygen- section 2

Plants at work 25

4. Organisms that go through photosynthesis are called:

a. producersb. consumersc. either (a) or (b)d. neither (a) nor (b)

A. Producers- section 2

Plants at work 26

5. ___ living things carry out respiration.

a. mostb. allc. somed. only those that are plants

B. All- section 4

Plants at work 27

6. Leaves are thin so that ___ can get out easily.

a. waterb. lightc. gasesd. bacteria

C. Gases- section 4

Plants at work 28

7. Gases get in and out of leaves through little holes called:

a. stomatab. starchc. chlorophylld. none of the above

A. Stomata- section 4

Plants at work 29

Waxy Layer

Lower Surface

What goes in between and in the correct order?

a. palisade cells, spongy cellsb. guard cells, spongy cellsc. guard cells, air space

A. Palisade cells, spongy cells- section 5/diagram