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PLANTS
Evolution of Plants
Monocots and Dicots
The Plant Body
Plant Tissue Systems
• Dermal– Cuticle– Guard Cells
• Vascular– Xylem
• Tracheids• Vessel elements
– Phloem• Sieve-tube members• Companion cells
Xylem
Phloem
Plant Tissue Systems
• Ground –Parenchyma–Collenchyma–Sclerenchyma
Ground Tissue
Plant Growth
• Apical meristems–Primary growth
• Lateral meristems– Secondary growth
Root Structure
• Epidermis– Root hairs
• Cortex• Endodermis– Casparian strip• Suberin
• Vascular cylinder– Pericycle– Xylem,phloem, pith
Primary Root Growth
Primary Stem Structure
• Epidermis– Cutin
• Cortex• Vascular cylinder– Xylem, phloem, pith– Vascular cambium
Secondary Stem Structure
• Vascular cambium– Secondary xylem– Secondary phloem
• Cork cambium– Periderm
Leaf Structure
• Epidermis– Cuticle– Cutin
• Palisade • Spongy• Guard cells– Stomata
• Vascular bundles
Transport in Plants
Transport in Plants
• Osmosis– Root pressure
• Capillary action– Adhesion– Cohesion
• Water potential
Lateral Transport
Xylem Sap Transport• Root pressure– Guttation
• Transpirational pull• Adhesion / Cohesion
Control of Transpiration
Pressure Flow Model
Photoperiodism• Circadian rhythm• Flowering plants– Phytochrome, Florigen
Plant Tropisms
• Gravitropism• Phototropism• Thigmotropism• Peter Boysen-Jensen– Coleoptile
• F.W. Went– Auxin