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PLASTICAny of numerous synthetic or natural organic materials that are mostly thermoplastic orthermosettingpolymerofhighmolecularweightandthatcanbemolded,extrudedordrawn
intoobjects,filmsorfilaments.
Polymerization:
A
chemical
reaction
in
which
the
molecules
of
a
monomer
combine
to
formlargermoleculesthatcontainrepeatingstructuralunitsoftheoriginalmolecules.
Monomer:Amoleculeoflowmolecularweightthatcanbechemicallybondasaunitofapolymer.
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Polymer:Acompoundofhighmolecularweightformedbypolymerizationandconsistingessentiallyofrepeatingstructuralunits. HighPolymer:Apolymerconsistingofmoleculesthatarelargermultiplesofmonomers. Co polymer:A compound of highmolecularweight formed by polymerizing of two ormoremonomerstogether.
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Casting:Amethodofshapingaplasticobjectbypouring thematerial in toamoldandallowingittohardenwithoutuseofpressure.
Blowmolding: Amethod of forming hollowware by injecting air under pressure intomoltenmas,asofathermoplasticorglassandshapingthematerialwithinamold.
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Injectionmolding:Amethodof forming a thermoplastic, thermoset,metal,or ceramicmaterialbyrenderingthefluidinaheatingchamberandforcingitunderhighpressureintoaclosedmold.
Compressionmolding:Amethodofformingthermosettingplasticbyclosingamoldonit,forming
the
material
by
heat
and
pressure.
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Transfer molding: A method of forming a thermosetting plastic by softening it onechamber before it is forced into an adjacent mold where it is cured under heat andpressure.
Thermoforming: Amethod of shaping a thermoplastic sheet by heating and forcing itagainst
the
contours
of
mold
by
heat
and
pressure.
Pressure forming:Amethodofshapinga thermoplastic sheetbyheatingand forcing itagainstthecontoursofmoldbycompressedair.
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Vacuum forming:Amethodof shaping a thermoplastic sheet by evacuating the spacebetweenthesheetandcontoursofthemold.
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Typeof
plastics
Thermoplastic:Aplasticcapableofsofteningorfusingwhenheatedwithoutachange inanyinherentproperties,andofhardeningagainwhencooled.
Thermosetting
plastic:
A
plastic
becomes
permanently
rigid
when
heated
and
cannot
be
softenedagain.Alsoknownasthermoset.
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Thermoplastic:A
plastic
capable
of
softening
or
fusing
when
heated
without
achange
in
any
inherentproperties,andofhardeningagainwhencooled.
Acrylicresin:Anyofaclassofthermoplasticresinusedforcastingormoldingplasticpartsthatereexponentially transparent, toughand resistant toweatherandchemicals,oras
the
main
ingredient
in
coating
adhesives
and
caulking
compounds
oResin: Any of numerous solid or semisolid organic substance prepared bypolymerization and used with fillers, stabilizers, and other components to from
plastics.
oFiller:Arelativelyinertsubstanceaddedtomodifythebulk,strength,heatresistanceelectricalresistanceorworkingpropertiesofaresin.
oStabilizer:Asubstanceaddedtopreventorcreatedthedegradationofplasticwhenexposedtoultravioletradiationorotherenvironmentalconditions.
oPlasticizer:Anyofthevarioussubstancesaddedtoaresintoincreaseitsworkabilityandflexibility.
oCatalyst:Assubstance thatcausesoracceleratesachemical reactionwithout itselfundergoing
apermanent
change
in
composition.
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Lucite:Trademarkofabrandoftransparentacrylicresin. Plexiglas:Trademarkofabrandoflight,transparent,weatherresistantacrylicresin. Lexan:Trademarkofatoughpolycarbonateusedofshatterproofwindows. Polyethylene: A tough, light, and flexible thermoplastic used especially in the form of
sheeting and film for packing, damp proofing, and as vapor retarder. Also called
polythene.
Polypropylene:Atoughthermoplasticthatisresistanttoheatandchemicalsandusedforpipefittings,electricalinsulationandcarpetingfibers.
Polystyrene: A hard tough stable thermoplastic that is easily colored, and molded,expanded,orrolledintosheeting.
AcrylonitrileButadieneStyrene: A thermoplastic used for making plastic pipes andhardwareproductsthataretough,rigid,andresistanttoheatandchemicals.Alsoknown
asABS.
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Vinyl:Anyofvarioustough,flexibleplasticsmadefrompolystyrene. Polyvinyl resin: A class of thermoplastics resins formed by polymerizing or co
polymerizingavinylcompound.Alsocalledvinylresin.
Polyvinyl
chloride:
A
white
water
insoluble
thermoplastic
widely
used
in
manufacturing
thefloorcoveringsandinsulationandpiping.AlsoknownasPVC.
Polyvinylbutyral:Athermoplasticresinusedchieflyastheinterlayersafetyglass. Nylon:Anyofaclassofthermoplasticcharacterizedbyextremetoughness,strengthand
elasticityandcapableofbeingextrudedintofilaments,fibersandsheets.
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Thermosetting
plastic:
A
plastic
becomes
permanently
rigid
when
heated
and
cannot
be
softenedagain.Alsoknownasthermoset.
oService temperature: The maximum temperature at which a plastic can becontinuously employed without a noticeable reduction in any of the inherent
properties.
oSofteningpoint:The temperatureatwhichaplasticchanges froma rigid toasoftstate.
Polyurethane: Any of thermoplastic or thermosetting resin used in flexible and rigidforms,elastomerandresinsforsealantsadhesivesandcoatings.
Polyester:Anyofa thermosetting resinsused in themanufactureofplasticand textilefibers.
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Fiber glass reinforced plastic: A polyester reinforced with glass fibers and used intranslucent roofs and skylights, facings for sandwich panels, and molded plumbingfixtures.
Dacron:Trademarkforabrandofstrong,wrinkleresistantpolyesterfiber. Mayler: Trademark of a brand of strong, thin, polyester film used in photography,recodingtapesandelectricalinsulation.
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Epoxy resin: Any of the thermosetting resins capable of forming thigh crosslinkedpolymerstructurescharacterizedby toughnessstrongadhesion,andhighcorrosionandchemicalresistanceusedespeciallyinsurfacecoatingsandadhesives.
Melamineresin:Anyofaclassthermosettingresinformedbytheinteractionofmelamineandformaldehydeandusedformoldedproducts,adhesivesandsurfacecoatings
Phenolicresin:Anyofaclassofhard heatresistantthermosettingresinsformedbythecondensationofphenolwithformaldehydeandusedformoldedproducts,adhesivesand
surfacecoatings.AlsoknownasPhenoplast.
Bakelite:Trademarkofdarkphenolic resin, inventedbyDr.LeoBaekeland in1916,andusedfortelephonereceiver,radiocabinets,electricinsulators,moldedplastichardware.
Urea formaldehyde resin: Any of the various thermosetting synthetic resin made bycondensationareawith formaldehydeandused inappliancehousing,electricaldevices,
adhesivesand
surface
coatings.
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Post
forming:
A
method
of
shaping
a
fully
or
partially
cured
thermosetting
laminate
over
a
moldbyheatorpressure.
Laminate:Aproductmadebyunitingtwoormore layersofmaterialsbyanadhesiveorothermeans,asplywoodandplasticlaminate.
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Plastic
laminate:
A
hard
surfacing
material
consisting
of
superposed
layers
of
paper
impregnatedwithmelamineandphenolicresins,fusedtogetherunderheatandpressure.
Highpressure laminate:Aplastic laminatemolded and cured in the rangeofpressurefrom
1200
to
2000
psi
(84
to
140
Kg/sq.
cm).
It
is
used
for
surfacing
the
countertops
and
cabinetry.
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Low
pressure
laminate:
A
plastic
laminate
molded
and
cured
with
maximum
pressure
of
400psi(28Kg/sq.cm).Itisusedforverticalorlowwearapplications.
Formica:Trademarkofabrandofplasticlaminate.
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Rubber:
A
material
made
by
chemically
treating
and
toughing
natural
rubber,
valued
for
its
elasticity,nonconductionofelectricity,andresistancetoshockandmoisture.
Natural rubber: A highly elastic solid substance, essentially a polymer of isoprene,obtainedbycoagulating themilkyjuiceof rubber treesandplants.Alsoknownas India
rubber.
Foamrubber:Alight,spongy,cellularrubbermadebyfoaminglatexbeforevulcanization. Vulcanization: thetreatmentofrubberwithsulfurandheatto importgreaterelasticity,strength,anddurability.
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Synthetic
rubber:
An
elastomer
similar
to
natural
rubber
in
properties
and
uses,
produced
bythepolymerizationofunsaturatedhydrocarbon,asbutyleneasisopreneorbytheco
polymerizationofthehydrocarbonswithstyreneandbutadiene.
Elastomer:Anyofthevariouspolymershavingtheelasticpropertiesofnaturalrubberasbutylrubberorneoprene.
Butyl:trademarkofbrandofbutylrubber.
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Neoprene:
A
synthetic
rubber
characterized
by
superior
resistance
to
oils
and
sunlight,
andsuedIpaints,roofmembranes,flashing,gasketsandbearings.
Silicone rubber:A rubbermade fromsiliconeelastomersandnoted for its retentionofflexibility,resilienceandtensilestrengthoverawidetemperaturerange.
Silicone:Anygroupofcontainingalternatingsiliconeandoxygenatoms,characterizedbythermal stability, chemical inertness and extreme water repellence, and used in
adhesives,lubricantsprotectivecoatingsandsyntheticrubber.