Plastics for Healthcare Packaging

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Plastics for Healthcare Packaging

Published on July 2013

Report Summary

This report provides:

- An overview of the market for plastics in the packaging of healthcare products, segmented by pharmaceutical and medical

packaging.

- Analyses of market trends, with data from 2012, estimates for 2013, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs)

through 2018.

- Coverage of the most important economic, technological, regulatory, and environmental considerations in U.S. markets for the use

of plastics to package healthcare products.

- Examination of the industry structure.

- Identification of the types of plastics used in healthcare packaging and the projected volumes for each.

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The objective of this report is to discuss, analyze and forecast markets for usage of major plastics used in packaging healthcare

products segmented by pharmaceutical and medical packaging.

Pharmaceutical products are defined as drugs in dosage forms purchased and consumed by individual patients, and are either

prescribed by a licensed medical practitioner or are drugs that do not require a prescription and are purchased by individuals 'over the

counter' (OTC). These products are usually packaged in containers, blister packs, bags/pouches, etc.

Medical products are those used by medical practitioners in hospitals, clinics, home healthcare operations, etc. Examples are

syringes, blood and intravenous solution bags, diagnostic kits, tubing, trays and other similar items.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive reference for those interested and/or involved in the use of plastics for

packaging healthcare products. This is a very large and varied group of firms in the pharmaceutical, medical and plastics

industries.Healthcare plastics find increased use each year in applications in healthcare packaging. In these changing times, with

emphasis on healthcare cost control, plastics are increasing their penetration in packaging. This study covers these changes and

provides analyses and forecasts for use of a wide array of plastics used in this market.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This report is intended for those involved in plastics, packaging and healthcare products. These companies include those involved in

development, formulation, manufacture, sale and use of plastics in healthcare packaging.Since a significant market for the use of

plastics is the prime focus of this study, it will be of interest and value to those involved in polymer and polymer processes, from

manufacture of bulk resins to converting and other plastics fabrication processes. It should also be of major interest to those who use

plastics in packaging healthcare products, both healthcare end-user companies and contract packagers, along with plastics

producers.Companies and personnel in ancillary businesses such as processing equipment, additives, and other support chemicals

and equipment will find information useful to their operations. These include process and product development staff, process and

product designers, purchasing agents, construction and operating personnel, market staff and top management. This report can be of

great value to technical and business personnel in the following areas, among others.

Plastics for Healthcare Packaging (From Issuu) Page 1/23

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Marketing and management personnel in companies that produce, market, and sell all types of plastics, that is, virgin, specially

compounded and recycled.

Companies that are called converters, who convert relatively raw plastics to medical and pharmaceutical packaging.

Companies that supply or want to supply equipment and services to plastics processors.

Financial institutions that provide funding for such facilities, including banks, merchant bankers, venture capitalists and others.

Personnel in end-user companies and industries that purchase and use packaging plastics ranging from converters, compounders

and molders to contract packaging companies and healthcare company end-users. Healthcare packagers are a key group of

companies who could be interested, as well.

Personnel in government at many levels. This includes federal officials, primarily at the EPA and FDA, who are involved with

protection of national standards regarding public health and safety.

SCOPE OF REPORT

This study covers many of the most important economic, technological, regulatory and environmental considerations in markets for

the use of plastics to package healthcare products. This report is a global study of activities within the healthcare packaging

market.All market volume figures are rounded to the nearest million pounds. Growth rates are all compounded signified as

compounded average annual growth rates or CAGRs. Growth rates are rounded to two significant figures such that 5.25% is recorded

as 5.3%.Some relatively minor resin materials and applications are grouped together in a miscellaneous category but are specifically

noted.There are also a wide variety of terms used almost interchangeably, which often makes it difficult to specifically segment

several products used in healthcare packaging because, in many cases, they are multifunctional such as:

Trays vs. kits.

Pouches vs. bags.

Closures vs. caps.

Containers vs. bottles.

Closures vs. lidding.

A final point is that there are often times when there is a need to review some preliminary but important background details in the

detailed pharmaceutical and medical sections for those readers who purchase certain sections of the report rather than the complete

report.

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this study. Searches were made of the literature,

including many of the leading trade publications, and well as technical compendia, government publications, and information from

trade and other associations. Product and market information was obtained whenever possible from the principals involved. The

information for the company profiles was obtained primarily from company literature. Other sources included directories and articles.

Table of Content

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 2

INTENDED AUDIENCE 2

SCOPE OF REPORT 3

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 4

ABOUT THE AUTHOR 4

RELATED BCC REPORTS 4









BCC ONLINE SERVICES 4

DISCLAIMER 5

CHAPTER 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN, IN TERMS

OF VOLUME, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 7

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN, IN TERMS


CHAPTER 3 HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 11

BACKGROUND 11

CONSUMER CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND 12

MARKETING 13

OVERVIEW 13

LARGE PURCHASING/MARKETING GROUPS CHANGING THE FACE OF

MEDICAL DEVICE MARKETING 13

OFFSHORE COMPETITION 14

CONTRACT PACKAGING 14

INDUSTRY AND PRODUCT TRENDS 15

OVERVIEW 15

SPECIFIC TRENDS 15

TABLE 1 PREDICTED EFFECTS OF TRENDS ON PLASTICS USED IN HEALTHCARE

PACKAGING 15

CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS AND LIFESTYLES 16

HEALTHCARE COST CONTAINMENT 17

OVERVIEW 17

MANAGED CARE 17

COST REIMBURSEMENT 18

HOSPITALS 18

PHYSICIANS, SURGEONS, ETC. 19

DRUG COSTS 19

GENERIC DRUGS 19

Background 19

Sales of Generic Products 20

Generic Substitution 20

Positive Aspects 20

OVER-THE-COUNTER PRODUCTS (OTC) 21

HOME HEALTHCARE 21.

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL 22

CORPORATE CONSOLIDATION AND RESTRUCTURING 22

CHAPTER 4 HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 25

OVERVIEW 25

DRUG REGULATIONS AND REVIEW PROCESSES 25

HEALTHCARE PACKAGING STANDARDS 25

COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS 25

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR TESTING MATERIALS (ASTM) 26

Overview 26

ASTM Medical Packaging Standards 26

TABLE 2 ASTM MEDICAL DEVICE PACKAGING STANDARDS 26

ISO STANDARDS 27









FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING TEST METHODS 27

HEALTHCARE COMPLIANCE COUNCIL (HCPC) 27

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS REGARDING STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS 28

ASTM Advances New Test Methods at International Meeting 28

Keeping Aware of Standards 28

Update on International Standards and Regulations at Recent

HealthPack Conference in Europe 28

Healthcare Compliance Packaging Council (HCPC) Activities 28

PACKAGING PLASTICS APPROVAL PROCESS 29

IMPORTANT AREAS AFFECTING HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 29

COMPLIANCE PACKAGING 29

CHILD-RESISTANT PACKAGING 29

SENIOR-FRIENDLY HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 30

TAMPER-EVIDENT HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 30

FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICES OF HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MATERIALS 32

COMPETING PACKAGING MATERIALS 32

DISPOSABILITY AND RECYCLABILITY 32

CURRENT HEALTHCARE PACKAGING PROGNOSES 33

HIGH COSTS COULD SLOW DOWN HEALTHCARE PACKAGING GROWTH 33

INCREASING USE OF HOME HEALTHCARE 34

OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET 34

PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING 34

OVERVIEW 34

PRESCRIPTION PHARMACEUTICALS 34

NONPRESCRIPTION (OTC) PRODUCTS 35

RX-TO-OTC SWITCH PRODUCTS 35

PACKAGING OTC PRODUCTS 36

HOSPITAL PRODUCTS/MEDICAL SUPPLIES 36

NEAR-TERM OUTLOOK FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 37

TYPES OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT PACKAGING 37

Overview 37

Containers 38

Closures 39

Blister Packaging 39

Overview 39

Advantages 39

Obstacles 40

Blister Pack Materials 41

Other Important Issues 41

More Details on Resin Choices 41

Use of Clamshells 41

MEDICAL PRODUCT PACKAGING 42

OVERVIEW 42

TRENDS IN MEDICAL PRODUCT PACKAGING 43

Background 43

Home Healthcare 43

Blood and Intravenous Solution Collection/Delivery Systems 43

MEDICAL PACKAGING APPLICATIONS 43









Overview 43

Packaging Choices 44

Sterile Packaging is Not Simple 44

Sterile Barrier System Validations 44

Shelf Life of Sterile Packaging 45

ACCELERATED AGING PROTOCOLS 45

MATERIAL CHOICES 45

BLOW-FILL-SEAL PACKAGING (BFS) 45

PARENTERAL PACKAGING 46

DRUG DELIVERY CHALLENGES AND NEW PRODUCTS 46

Dry Powders for Pulmonary Uses 46

Pouches for Unit-Dose Delivery Systems 46

Tamper-Evident Syringes 46

Use of Olefin Polymers 46

Beveled-Needle Syringes 46

Reclosable Pouches 47

Safety Syringes 47

OTHER RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MEDICAL PACKAGING 47

USE OF TRANSPARENT MEDICAL PLASTIC PACKAGING 47

OTHER ADVANCES 47

CHAPTER 5 HEALTHCARE PACKAGING PLASTIC PROCESSES 49

INJECTION MOLDING 49

BACKGROUND 49

DETAILS 49

EXTRUSION 49

BACKGROUND 49

SINGLE- AND TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION 50

EXTRUSION AND MELT FILM FABRICATION 50

BLOWN FILMS 50

FILM CASTING 51

SOLVENT CASTING 51

BLOW MOLDING 51

OVERVIEW 51

EXTRUSION BLOW MOLDING 52

INJECTION BLOW MOLDING 52

STRETCH BLOW MOLDING 52

THERMOFORMING 53

OVERVIEW 53

APPLICATIONS 53

CHAPTER 6 HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN 55

OVERVIEW 55

TABLE 3 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2018

(MILLION POUNDS) 55

POLYPROPYLENE 55

OVERVIEW 55

BACKGROUND 56

POLYPROPYLENE PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES 57

Ziegler-Natta 57









Novolen 57

Spherizone and Spheripol 57

Borealis Borecene Polypropylene Technology 58

Other 58

APPLICATIONS 58

PROPERTIES 59

UPGRADED POLYPROPYLENE 59

ADVANCES IN POLYPROPYLENE TECHNOLOGIES 60

HIGHLY CRYSTALLINE GRADES 60

REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENES 60

Overview 60

High-Impact Grades 61

Long Glass Fiber Polypropylene 61

RANDOM COPOLYMER POLYPROPYLENES 61

TECHNIQUES USED TO IMPART CLARITY 62

POLYPROPYLENE FILMS 62

Background 62

Film Types 62

Applications 63

Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene Films (BOPP) 63

Global Market Scenario 63

PRODUCERS 63

TABLE 4 KEY GLOBAL POLYPROPYLENE PRODUCERS AND ESTIMATED CAPACITIES

(BILLION POUNDS/YEAR) 63

TABLE 5 SELECTED KEY TRADE NAMED POLYPROPYLENE OF

PRODUCERS/SUPPLIERS 64

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 64

ExxonMobil Sells BOPP Film Units 64

Sabic IP Increases Its Polypropylene Capacity 64

MARKET ESTIMATES AND FORECASTS 65

TABLE 6 GLOBAL POLYPROPYLENE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY

APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 65POLYETHYLENES 66

BACKGROUND 66

HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) 66

Overview 66

Background 66

Processing of HDPE 67

Producers 67

TABLE 7 LEADING GLOBAL HDPE PRODUCERS (BILLION POUNDS/YEAR) 67

Healthcare Packaging Aspects 68

Market Estimates and Forecasts 68

TABLE 8 GLOBAL HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING

MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 68

A Recent Development 69

LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE) 69

Overview 69

Properties 69

Markets and Applications 70









Producers 70

TABLE 9 GLOBAL LDPE PRODUCERS AND LOCATIONS 70

LINEAR LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LLDPE) 71

Overview 71

Properties 71

Manufacturing Methods 71

TABLE 10 THE LLDPE GROUPS 72

Producers 72


TABLE 11 GLOBAL LDPE/LLDPE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,

THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 72

TOTAL POLYETHYLENE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET 73

TABLE 12 TOTAL GLOBAL POLYETHYLENE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY

APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 73

A SPECIAL POLYETHYLENE: DU PONT'S TYVEK 74

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) 75

OVERVIEW 75

FORMS OF PVC 75

A VERSATILE RESIN 75

PROCESSING 75

Background 75

Extrusion 76

Calendering 76

TABLE 13 RIGID PVC APPLICATIONS 76

PRODUCERS AND CAPACITIES 76

TABLE 14 LEADING GLOBAL PVC PRODUCERS (BILLION POUNDS PER YEAR) 77

PVC ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS 77

Overview 77

A Little History 78

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PVC REPLACEMENT SCENARIO 78

General Observations 78

Can TPEs Really Erode PVC's Position in Healthcare Packaging' 78

Replacing PVC in Medical Tubing is a Tough Assignment 78

European Suppliers Mounting Strong Program to Defend PVC Use in

Hospitals 79


TABLE 15 GLOBAL POLYVINYL CHLORIDE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY


A CURRENT SUMMARY OF THE PVC REPLACEMENT ISSUE 81

Background 81

Potential PVC Replacement Resins 81

Background 81

Candidates 82

Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) 82

COPEs 82

Laminated Polyolefins 82

Polyolefin Blends 83

Functionalized Polyolefins 83









TPEs 83

POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) 83

BACKGROUND 83

MAJOR APPLICATIONS 83

MODIFIED PET RESINS 83

GLYCOL-MODIFIED PET COPOLYESTER (PETG) 84

ENGINEERING-GRADE PET 84

REINFORCED PET 85


TABLE 16 THE 10 LARGEST GLOBAL PET PRODUCERS (BILLION POUNDS/YEAR) 85

NEW PET PRODUCER DEVELOPMENTS 86

Indorama Bought Several Eastman Units 86

Japanese Firms Merge their Respective PET Businesses 86

DAK Americas Completed the Eastman Withdrawal from the PET

Business 86

DAK Americas Also Purchased Wellman's PET Business 86

M&G Group is Planning a New PET Plant 86

RECENT NEWS IN PET HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 87

DuPont's Films 87

European Blister Packs 87

Two-Reactor PET 87

Asian PET for Blister Packaging 87


TABLE 17 GLOBAL POLYESTER HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


POLYSTYRENE 89

BACKGROUND 89

GENERAL PURPOSE POLYSTYRENE 89

Background 89

Characteristics 89

HIGH-IMPACT POLYSTYRENE (HIPS) 89

Background 89

Properties 90

Applications 90

RECENT STYRENIC POLYMER PRODUCER CHANGES 90

Overview 90

Global Market Players and Industry Leaders 91

HEALTHCARE PACKAGING APPLICATIONS 92

STYRENE COPOLYMERS 92

Overview 92

Thermoplastic Styrene Block Copolymers 93

Background 93

Processing 93

TABLE 18 SBC MAJOR PRODUCTS SEGMENTED BY POLYMER PROCESS 93

Properties 94

Healthcare Packaging-Related Applications 94

Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers (SAN) 94

Overview 94









Properties 95

SAN Transparent Applications 95

Producers 96


TABLE 19 GLOBAL POLYSTYRENE AND COPOLYMERS HEALTHCARE PACKAGING

MARKET, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 97

POLYAMIDES 97

BACKGROUND 97

PROPERTIES 97

APPLICATIONS 98

MAJOR TYPES OF POLYAMIDES 98

Polyamide 66 98

Polyamide 6 98

Other Polyamides 99

Overview 99

Polyamide 46 99

Polyamide 6/9 99

Polyamide 6/10 and Polyamide 6/12 99

Polyamide 11 99

Polyamide 12 99

EXAMPLES OF NYLON MEDICAL PACKAGING APPLICATIONS 100

Nylon Film Products 100

Sterilization Pouches 100

Amcor Introduces New Nylon Films for Medical Packaging 100

Polyamide Pouches and Tubing 100


TABLE 20 KEY GLOBAL POLYAMIDE RESIN PRODUCERS 100


TABLE 21 GLOBAL POLYAMIDE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


POLYCARBONATES 101.

BACKGROUND 101

GENERAL GRADES 102

PROCESSING 102

PROPERTIES 102

PROPERTY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 102

ALLOYS/BLENDS 103


TABLE 22 SELECTED MAJOR POLYCARBONATE PRODUCERS AND TRADE NAMED

PRODUCTS 105

TABLE 23 SELECTED MAJOR POLYCARBONATE PRODUCERS ESTIMATED GLOBAL

CAPACITIES (MILLION POUNDS/YEAR) 105


TABLE 24 GLOBAL POLYCARBONATE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY


ACRYLICS 106

OVERVIEW 106

PROPERTIES 106









MANUFACTURE OF ACRYLIC POLYMERS 107

Sheet 107

Applications 107

Properties 107

MAJOR ACRYLIC PRODUCERS 107

OTHER IMPORTANT ACRYLIC PRODUCING COMPANIES 108

Altuglas 108

Cyro Industries 108

Lucite International 108

Aristech Acrylic LLC 108

Plaskolite 108

Sabic IP and Mitsubishi Form Acrylic Joint Venture 109

MEDICAL PACKAGING PRODUCTS 109

AN INTERESTING PRODUCT 109

KEY TRADE NAMED POLYACRYLATES 109


TABLE 25 GLOBAL ACRYLIC HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS (TPES) 110

OVERVIEW 110

ADVANTAGES 110

DISADVANTAGES 111

PROCESSING 111

APPLICATIONS 111

THERMOPLASTIC OLEFINS (TPOS) 111

Overview 111

General Applications 112

COPEs (Copolyesters) 112

Background 112

Properties and Medical Packaging Applications 112

Market Estimates and Forecasts 113TABLE 26 GLOBAL COPE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANES (TPU) 113

Background 113

Medical Packaging Applications 114


TABLE 27 GLOBAL TPU HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


SILICONES 115

BACKGROUND 115


TABLE 28 GLOBAL SILICONE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


POLYVINYLIDENE CHLORIDE (PVDC) 116

BACKGROUND 116

CITED ADVANTAGES 116


TABLE 29 GLOBAL PVDC HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,










MISCELLANEOUS RESINS 117

OVERVIEW 117

METALLOCENE POLYETHYLENES 117

Background 117

New Developments 118

Global Metallocene Producers 118

CELLULOSICS 118

FLUOROPOLYMERS 118

IONOMERS 119

NITRILE RESINS 119

SELECTED ETPS 119

Polysulfones 119

Polyetherimides (PEIs) 120

Cyclic Olefin Copolymers (COCs) 120

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 121

Colored COCs for Healthcare Packaging 121


TABLE 30 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MISCELLANEOUS RESINS BY


PRICING 122

TABLE 31 AVERAGE PRICING FOR SELECTED RESINS USED IN HEALTHCARE

PACKAGING, 2013 (DOLLARS PER POUND) 122

CHAPTER 7 HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKETS BY APPLICATION 124

OVERVIEW 124

MARKET SEGMENTATION 124

HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 124

OVERVIEW 124

TYPES OF HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 124

Overview 124

Details 125



RIGID VS. FLEXIBLE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 125


TABLE 32 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH

2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 126

PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING 127

OVERVIEW 127

SOME TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 127

MARKET BY PACKAGE TYPE 128

Overview 128

Containers 128

Bottles 128

Background 128

Plastics Usage 129

Examples of Pharmaceutical Packaging Bottles 130

New Developments in Pharmaceutical Bottles 130









PET Bottles as Alternatives 130

Stability Testing 130

Vials 130

Background 130

Vial Labels Undergoing Changes 131

More Recent Developments 131

Two-in-One Vials 131

Oral Dispensers 131


TABLE 33 GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: CONTAINERS,


Closures 132

Market Application Details 132

Lidding 133

Recent Developments in Pharmaceutical Closures 133


TABLE 34 GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: CLOSURES,


Blister Packs 134

Overview 134

Background 135

Blister Packs Can Be Made via Thermoforming or Coldforming 135

Market Application Details 136

TABLE 35 PROS AND CONS OF PHARMACEUTICAL BLISTER PACKAGING 137

Product Applications 138

Impact of OTC Products on Blister Packaging 138

Non-Institutional Ethical Pharmaceuticals and Blister Packs 139

Institutional Product Use and Blister Packaging 139

Examples of Materials Used in Blister Packs 140

A Recent Development in Pharmaceutical Blister Packs 141

Forming Blister Films 141


TABLE 36 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: BLISTER

PACKAGING, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 141

Clamshells 142

Is There a Difference' 142

Advantages 142

Types of Clamshells 142

Inset Cards 143

Sealing of Clamshells 143

TABLE 37 SEALING CLAMSHELLS PARAMETERS 143

Clamshell Materials 143

OTHER PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING APPLICATIONS 143

Pouches/Bags 143

Introduction 143

Recent Developments in Pouches 144

Use of Foils 144

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES FORECAST IN PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING 145









CULTURAL/GEOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH

PACKAGING 145

NANOTECHNOLOGIES SIGNIFICANT IN PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING 146

PACKAGING SELECTIONS FOR PARENTERAL PHARMACEUTICAL

PRODUCERS 146


TABLE 38 MISCELLANEOUS PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN,


MEDICAL PRODUCT PACKAGING 147

OVERVIEW 147

BACKGROUND 147

PACKAGING CHOICES 148

TRENDS IN MEDICAL PRODUCT PACKAGING 148

Background 149

Home Healthcare 149

A Growing Issue: Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Sensitive Medical

Device Packaging 149

Other Important Medical Packaging Considerations 149

RECENT ADVANCES AND PRODUCTS IN MEDICAL PACKAGING 150

Chevron Type Pouches for Medical Devices 150

Combination Packaging Products 150

What Packaging Converters Need to Provide to Medical Device

Manufacturers 150

A Growing Medical Device Packaging Concern - Sustainability 150

SYRINGES 151

Background 151

Products and Applications 151

Syringe Alternatives 152

Syringe Innovations 152

Prefilled Syringe Historical Aspects 153

Materials Used 154

Polymer Usage 154

Self-Administration Becomes a Major Issue 155

No Needles 155

An Interesting Observation 155

Injury Prevention Goals 155

Overview 155

Auto Retraction 156

Other Noteworthy Syringe-Related Developments 156

West Pharmaceutical Prefixed Needle Syringe 156


TABLE 39 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: SYRINGES, THROUGH


TUBING 157

Products and Applications 157

Stainless-steel Medical Tubing Increasing 157

Plastic Medical Tubing Niches 158

Properties 158









Resin Components and Requirements 158

PVC Usage 158

Features of Medical Tubing 159

TABLE 40 COMMON FEATURES OF AND SELECTED APPLICATIONS FOR PRIMARY

RESINS USED IN MEDICAL TUBING 160

Applications 160

TABLE 41 SAMPLE APPLICATIONS FOR FLEXIBLE MEDICAL TUBING BY MAJOR

CATEGORY 160

Multilayer Tubing 161

Material Advancements 161

Selected Plastic Medical Tubing Extruders 161

Recent Developments and Products in Tubing 162

TPE/Polyimide Medical Tubing 162

Fine-Tuning Tubing 162

PVC-Free Medical Tubing 162

Tubing from China 162

Bioplastics Trying to Replace Plasticizers in PVC Tubing 162


TABLE 42 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: TUBING, THROUGH


KITS 163

Overview 163

Performance Criteria 164

TABLE 43 MATERIAL PROPERTY CRITERIA: KITS 164


TABLE 44 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: KITS, THROUGH 2018

(MILLION POUNDS) 165

MEDICAL BAGS AND PARTS 165

Medical Bags 166

The Medical Bag Market 166

Fluid Administration and Collection Bags 166IV Bags and Parts 167

Background 167

Broad Summary 167

Alternatives to PVC in Medical Bags 168

Overview 168

Viable PVC Replacement Materials 168

Intravenous Solution Bags 169

Enema Bags 169

Blood Bags 169

Pouches and Other Applications 170

Pouch Features 170

Related Products 170


TABLE 45 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: IV BAGS AND PARTS,


TABLE 46 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: OTHER BAGS,


RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND PRODUCTS 172









Medical Bag and Pouch Advances 172

New Transdermal Packaging 172

Pouch Size and Contamination 172

PVC Blood Bags Debated in Europe 172

TRAYS 173

Background 173

TABLE 47 RESIN PROPERTY CRITERIA: TRAYS 173

Sterilization 173

Thermoform or Injection Mold' 174

Property Parameters for Choosing Tray Materials 174

Tray Designs for Different Environments 175

Recent Developments in Trays 175

New Tray Designs 175

New Materials for Rigid Trays 175

Higher Performance Rigid Trays 175

MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL PACKAGING APPLICATIONS 175

TABLE 49 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: MISCELLANEOUS

APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 175

GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING RESIN MARKET BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA 176

OVERVIEW 176

GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING RESINS 176

HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) 177

TABLE 50 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HDPE USAGE IN HEALTHCARE


POLYPROPYLENE 177

TABLE 51 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYPROPYLENE USAGE IN

HEALTHCARE PACKAGING, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 177

PVC 178

TABLE 52 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PVC USAGE IN HEALTHCARE PACKAGING,


LDPE/LLDPE 178

TABLE 53 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LDPE/LLDPE USAGE IN HEALTHCARE


POLYESTERS 179

TABLE 54 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYESTER USAGE IN HEALTHCARE


POLYSTYRENE AND COPOLYMERS 179

TABLE 55 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYSTYRENE AND COPOLYMER USAGE

IN HEALTHCARE PACKAGING, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 180

GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING RESINS 180

TABLE 56 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HDPE USAGE IN PHARMACEUTICAL



PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 181

TABLE 58 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PVC USAGE IN PHARMACEUTICAL


TABLE 59 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LDPE/LLDPE USAGE IN










TABLE 60 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYESTER USAGE IN PHARMACEUTICAL



IN PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 183

GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING RESINS 183

TABLE 62 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HDPE USAGE IN MEDICAL PACKAGING,


TABLE 63 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYPROPYLENE USAGE IN MEDICAL


TABLE 64 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PVC USAGE IN MEDICAL PACKAGING,


TABLE 65 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LDPE/LLDPE USAGE IN MEDICAL


TABLE 66 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYESTER USAGE IN MEDICAL



IN MEDICAL PACKAGING, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 186

TABLE 68 MARKET SHARES OF GEOGRAPHIC AREAS FOR PLASTICS USAGE IN

HEALTHCARE PACKAGING, 2012-2018 (PERCENT) 186


PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING, 2012-2018 (PERCENT) 187


MEDICAL PACKAGING, 2012-2018 (PERCENT) 187

CHAPTER 8 STERILIZATION TECHNIQUES 189

OVERVIEW OF METHODS 189

THE STERILIZATION PACKAGING MANUFACTURERS COUNCIL OF THE FLEXIBLE

PACKAGING ASSOCIATION (SPMC) 189

ETHYLENE OXIDE (ETO) GAS STERILIZATION 190

RADIATION STERILIZATION 190

GAMMA RADIATION 190

OZONE STERILIZATION 191

POLYMER REACTIONS TO STERILIZATION METHODS 191

BACKGROUND 191

PVC 191

POLYPROPYLENE 192

POLYETHYLENE 192

ABS AND SAN 192

POLYCARBONATE 192

POLYSTYRENE 192

POLYESTERS 192

CHAPTER 9 IMPORTANT AREAS AFFECTING THE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET 194

CONSERVATIVE NATURE OF THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY 194

FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICES OF PACKAGING MATERIALS 194



TECHNOLOGY 195

SAFETY 195

COMPOUNDERS/CONVERTERS/MOLDERS AND DISTRIBUTORS 196









BACKGROUND 196

COMPOUNDERS 196

CONVERTERS 196

MOLDERS 197

IMPORTANCE IN THE MARKETPLACE 197

POSITION IN PRODUCT CHAIN 197

DISTRIBUTION 198

CHAPTER 10 OTHER ASPECTS OF THE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING BUSINESS 201

END-USER HEALTHCARE COMPANIES 201

MARKETING AND COMPETITIVE ISSUES 201

END-USER PLASTIC SELECTION CRITERIA 201

Background 201

Competitive Materials 201

NEW APPLICATIONS 202

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 202

CONTAMINATION OR TOXICITY ISSUES 202

PURCHASING PRACTICES 202

RIGID VS. FLEXIBLE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 203

CHAPTER 11 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 205

OVERVIEW 205

SPECTER OF CONTAMINATED PRODUCTS 205

SOURCE REDUCTION 205

BIODEGRADABILITY 206


SUSTAINABILITY 207

INTRODUCTION 207

EARLY EFFORTS 207

SPECIAL CHALLENGE FOR HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 207

THE SUSTAINABLE PACKAGING COALITION (SPC) 207

HEALTHCARE PLASTICS RECYCLING COUNCIL (HPRC) 208

CHAPTER 12 REGULATORY ISSUES 210

OVERVIEW 210

REGULATORY APPROVALS 210

BACKGROUND 210

U.S. ACTIVITIES 210

PLASTICS TESTING PROCEDURES 211

GLOBAL REGULATORY ISSUES 211

CHAPTER 13 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND PRODUCTS IN HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 213

NEW TESTING METHODS 213

RECENT PLASTIC HEALTHCARE PACKAGES 213

PREFILLED INJECTION SYSTEMS 213

HANDLING MORE AGGRESSIVE STERILIZATION CYCLES 213

NEW FOIL LAMINATIONS 213

UPGRADING STERILE PACKAGING SOLUTIONS 214

CONTRACT PACKAGING GROWTH TRENDS 214

FLEXIBLE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING BECOMING MORE IMPORTANT 214

COMPLIANCE CONTROL 214

HEALTHCARE PACKAGING GROWING IN CHINA 215









USE OF SORBENT FORMULATIONS TO REPLACE HALOGEN-CONTAINING

PLASTICS 215

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN HEALTHCARE PACKAGING FILMS 215

A SINGLE BARRIER FOR STERILE BARRIER SYSTEMS 216

FDA ISSUES FINAL RULE ON STERILITY TESTING OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS 216

INCREASED CAPABILITIES FOR BARRIER MATERIALS 216

UPCOMING TAX ON MEDICAL DEVICES FORCES MEDICAL PACKAGERS TO

"TIGHTEN THEIR BELTS" 216

TABLE 71 MEDICAL DEVICE PACKAGERS ACTIVITIES CITED TO LOWER COSTS TO

MEET UPCOMING FEDERAL TAXES ON MEDICAL DEVICES IN THE U.S. 217

PROTECTING HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 217

PHARMAPACK EUROPE CITES PACKAGING ENHANCEMENT AND PRODUCT

VALUE 217

STERILE MEDICAL PACKAGING - THE NEXT 20 YEARS 217

GOVERNMENT POLICIES DRIVE HEALTHCARE CONTRACT PACKAGING IN ASIAN

COUNTRIES 218

CATALENT INCREASES CHINESE VENTURES 218

CHINESE DRUG SAFETY AGENCY UPGRADED 218

DOUBLE-BARRIER PACKAGING STILL FAVORED BY NURSES 218

CHAPTER 14 COMPANY PROFILES 220

ALCAN PACKAGING 220

ALMAC GROUP 220

AMCOR FLEXIBLES 221

AMERISOURCE BERGEN CORPORATION 221

ANDERSONBRECON 222

APHENA PHARMA SOLUTIONS 222BEACON CONVERTERS, INC. 223

BILCARE RESEARCH 223

CATALENT PHARMA SOLUTIONS 224

CONSTANTIA FLEXIBLES 224

CRYOPAK 225

KLOCKNER PENTAPLAST 225

MCKESSON RXPAK 226

OLIVER-TOLAS HEALTHCARE PACKAGING 226

PERFECSEAL 227

PERLEN PACKAGING LLC 227

PLASTIC INGENUITY 228

PRENT CORPORATION 228

PRINTPAK MEDICAL 229

REXAM PLC 229

ROLLPRINT PACKAGING PRODUCTS, INC. 230

SEALED AIR CORPORATION 230

TEKNI-FILMS, INC. 231

UNITED DRUG PLC 231

VETTER PHARMA INTERNATIONAL 231

WINPAK HEAT SEAL PACKAGING 232

CHAPTER 15 APPENDIX 234

ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS 234









LIST OF TABLES

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN, IN TERMS


TABLE 1 PREDICTED EFFECTS OF TRENDS ON PLASTICS USED IN HEALTHCARE

PACKAGING 15

TABLE 2 ASTM MEDICAL DEVICE PACKAGING STANDARDS 26

TABLE 3 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN, THROUGH 2018

(MILLION POUNDS) 55

TABLE 4 KEY GLOBAL POLYPROPYLENE PRODUCERS AND ESTIMATED CAPACITIES

(BILLION POUNDS/YEAR) 63

TABLE 5 SELECTED KEY TRADE NAMED POLYPROPYLENE OF PRODUCERS/SUPPLIERS 64

TABLE 6 GLOBAL POLYPROPYLENE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY


TABLE 7 LEADING GLOBAL HDPE PRODUCERS (BILLION POUNDS/YEAR) 67

TABLE 8 GLOBAL HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET

BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 68

TABLE 9 GLOBAL LDPE PRODUCERS AND LOCATIONS 70

TABLE 10 THE LLDPE GROUPS 72

TABLE 11 GLOBAL LDPE/LLDPE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


TABLE 12 TOTAL GLOBAL POLYETHYLENE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY


TABLE 13 RIGID PVC APPLICATIONS 76

TABLE 14 LEADING GLOBAL PVC PRODUCERS (BILLION POUNDS PER YEAR) 77

TABLE 15 GLOBAL POLYVINYL CHLORIDE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY


TABLE 16 THE 10 LARGEST GLOBAL PET PRODUCERS (BILLION POUNDS/YEAR) 85

TABLE 17 GLOBAL POLYESTER HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


TABLE 18 SBC MAJOR PRODUCTS SEGMENTED BY POLYMER PROCESS 93

TABLE 19 GLOBAL POLYSTYRENE AND COPOLYMERS HEALTHCARE PACKAGING

MARKET, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 97

TABLE 20 KEY GLOBAL POLYAMIDE RESIN PRODUCERS 100

TABLE 21 GLOBAL POLYAMIDE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


TABLE 22 SELECTED MAJOR POLYCARBONATE PRODUCERS AND TRADE NAMED

PRODUCTS 105

TABLE 23 SELECTED MAJOR POLYCARBONATE PRODUCERS ESTIMATED GLOBAL

CAPACITIES (MILLION POUNDS/YEAR) 105

TABLE 24 GLOBAL POLYCARBONATE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY


TABLE 25 GLOBAL ACRYLIC HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


TABLE 26 GLOBAL COPE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


TABLE 27 GLOBAL TPU HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,










TABLE 28 GLOBAL SILICONE HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


TABLE 29 GLOBAL PVDC HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION,


TABLE 30 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MISCELLANEOUS RESINS BY


TABLE 31 AVERAGE PRICING FOR SELECTED RESINS USED IN HEALTHCARE

PACKAGING, 2013 (DOLLARS PER POUND) 122

TABLE 32 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH


TABLE 33 GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: CONTAINERS,


TABLE 34 GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: CLOSURES,


TABLE 35 PROS AND CONS OF PHARMACEUTICAL BLISTER PACKAGING 137

TABLE 36 GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: BLISTER


TABLE 37 SEALING CLAMSHELLS PARAMETERS 143

TABLE 38 MISCELLANEOUS PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN,


TABLE 39 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: SYRINGES, THROUGH


TABLE 40 COMMON FEATURES OF AND SELECTED APPLICATIONS FOR PRIMARY

RESINS USED IN MEDICAL TUBING 160

TABLE 41 SAMPLE APPLICATIONS FOR FLEXIBLE MEDICAL TUBING BY MAJOR

CATEGORY 160

TABLE 42 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: TUBING, THROUGH


TABLE 43 MATERIAL PROPERTY CRITERIA: KITS 164

TABLE 44 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: KITS, THROUGH 2018

(MILLION POUNDS) 165

TABLE 45 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: IV BAGS AND PARTS,


TABLE 46 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: OTHER BAGS,


TABLE 47 RESIN PROPERTY CRITERIA: TRAYS 173

TABLE 49 GLOBAL MEDICAL PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN: MISCELLANEOUS

APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 175

TABLE 50 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HDPE USAGE IN HEALTHCARE PACKAGING,


TABLE 51 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYPROPYLENE USAGE IN HEALTHCARE


TABLE 52 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PVC USAGE IN HEALTHCARE PACKAGING,


TABLE 53 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LDPE/LLDPE USAGE IN HEALTHCARE


TABLE 54 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYESTER USAGE IN HEALTHCARE











IN HEALTHCARE PACKAGING, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 180

TABLE 56 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HDPE USAGE IN PHARMACEUTICAL




TABLE 58 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PVC USAGE IN PHARMACEUTICAL


TABLE 59 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LDPE/LLDPE USAGE IN PHARMACEUTICAL


TABLE 60 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYESTER USAGE IN PHARMACEUTICAL



IN PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 183

TABLE 62 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HDPE USAGE IN MEDICAL PACKAGING,


TABLE 63 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYPROPYLENE USAGE IN MEDICAL


TABLE 64 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PVC USAGE IN MEDICAL PACKAGING,


TABLE 65 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LDPE/LLDPE USAGE IN MEDICAL


TABLE 66 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYESTER USAGE IN MEDICAL



IN MEDICAL PACKAGING, THROUGH 2018 (MILLION POUNDS) 186


HEALTHCARE PACKAGING, 2012-2018 (PERCENT) 186


PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING, 2012-2018 (PERCENT) 187


MEDICAL PACKAGING, 2012-2018 (PERCENT) 187

TABLE 71 MEDICAL DEVICE PACKAGERS ACTIVITIES CITED TO LOWER COSTS TO

MEET UPCOMING FEDERAL TAXES ON MEDICAL DEVICES IN THE U.S. 217

LIST OF FIGURES

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL HEALTHCARE PACKAGING MARKET BY RESIN, IN TERMS









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