81 for the first time and be friendly with people from Galoma in the east, at this port. 'l'here must have been fully 2,000 people asRembled here for about a week in .January, the young men amusing themselves, while the elders were sitting on the verandahs convOI'sing and chewing betel nut on the most friendly terms. The Toaripi people came to port in larger numbers than usual. This is an occasion when there is generally trouble, but this year the trading was conducted in a quiet and friendly manner. Mr. A. C. English, the Govemment Agent at Rigo Station, has done good work in his district. All the Sinaugolo tribe are now at peace with each other and the surrounding tribes. Those of the Rigo village, who scattered during the famine, are now collecting and forming a large village at Gomuridobu, close to the Government station. The Bono people have also joined them there. The Manukolo people are collecting and building a new village. 'I' hey are now at peace with all their neighbours and with the hill tribes. The Balaguaia and Ikoru tribes have also collected and settled down peaceably. The villages of Kelirupu and Tupulamu have been visited for the first time by Mr. English and the constabulary. They are now friendly and peaceful, sending in reports to the Government station when anything goes wrong. Kala and Kwaipo now interchange :friendly visits, as do also Kwaipo and Ganimarupu, Galoma, and Aliba. I have sent messengers from Koapara overland to the Government station. They had to pass through Balaguaia and Ikorn, formerly their deadly foes. They lost their way and were met by some Balaguaia people, who housed and fed them, showing them the road next day. The villages in Cloudy Bay and as far east as Table Point have been visited twice during the year and were found to be very friendly although frightened of the bush people. 'l'he new village of Merani has also been visited, but on approach no onE\ remained in the village except two women. I am glad to report that the Motu dialect is getting more widely known. There is no difficulty now in getting interpreters for Cloudy Bay as Tuari, the Domara chief, and his followers know Motuan fairly well. There is a decided change for the better at Galoma. The people are now quiet and peaceful, and Koapena, the chief, is a firm friend of the Government and of white men. Kopikulo, the chief of Bula'a, is also a convert to law and order, consequently his village has taken a turn in the right direction. Mr. Kowald, the Government Agent at the newly-formed Government station in the Mekeo District, has made a good start. Comfortable quarters have been erected of native material. A good boat jetty on the river bank has also been made. He has a boat and a crew of five Motuans who act as police. There has been no intertribal warfare or murders since the station has been formed, and, although the station is yet in its infancy, I trust a good effect has already been produced. Maiva and Kivori are at peace and continually visit each other. \Vaikapu have been threatening Kivori, but since your Honour's visit there nothing has come of it. The Maiva murderers are still at large; two unsuccessful attempts have been made to capture them. The murderers at Kabadi are also still at large. They are always on the lookout, and whenever we visit the district they disappear into the bush. There have been no fresh murders during the year. 'l'he Nala villages are also quiet. No villages to the west of Kivori have been visited by me nor have the Koiarians on the Astrolabe, but those scattered on the plains about the river and inland of Tupuseleia have been visited, but arc very frightened. There are several old murderers amongst them who are "wanted," but it is very difficult to effect their capture owing to their nomadic habits. From October, 1890, to 30th .June, 1891, ninety different villages have been visited by me; some, however, have been visited several times, thus bringing up the total number of visits to 135. Since the Regulations of the Native Board have come into force several native magistrates' courts have been held in this district. One case of using threatening language has been dealt with by me, and I am afraid this evil is on the increase. The more intelligent natives, mostly boys who have been in Government service, or have worked for white men, go about trading and threatening the ignorant natives inland with gaol and the wrath of the Government if they do not supply them with the goods they require. On the whole, the natives have taken kindly to the regulation against burying the dead in their villages. Burial grounds have been picked out at most of the places at a reasonable distance from Port Moresby. The Sinaugolo tribe, who formerly did not bury at all, now have their burial grounds and use them. There has been a little friction at Kalo, but on being spoken to the friends exhumed the bodies buried in the village and re-buried them in the burial ground. The Keapara people refused to select a burial ground, but no deaths have as yet taken place, therefore no action has been taken. Lands.-In the month of March last sites for stations of the Sacred Heart Mission were bought by me m the Mekeo villages of Aipeana, Veipaha, Amoamo, Rarai, N gauauni, Mission Hill, and Oriropetana-the largest block being 20 acres at Aipeaua. More sites are required, but owing to the overflow of the river travelling was rendered impracticable. A plot of 24 acres has also been bought by me at the Maiva-Kivori boundary for the Government. 'l'here are several blocks of country in this district suitable for cocoanut growing, viz. :-All the line of beach from Vererupu to Table Point with a few breaks, Constance Island, Lily Island, all round Red Scar Bay from Morabi to Cape Suckling, also the land now lying waste between Maiva and Kivori. Cocoanuts also flourish well on the banks of the Vanigiri River, but more clearing would be required there than on the beach blocks. Grime and Prisoners.- I am happy to state that crime is decidedly on the decrease in the parts under our control in this district. In September, 1890, seven men and two women were cleverly arrested by the Government Agent at Rigo for the murder of Mr. George Hunter. Three of the men were acquitted, two suffered the extreme penalty of the law, and the remainder are now in Her Majeety's prison at Port Moresby. The executions have had a wonderfully quietening effect in this hitherto troublesome district. There have been sixteen persons charged with murder and brought before the courts, nine of whom were acquitted. Only four cases of larceny have been brought to light. This is owing, doubtless, to the plentiful supply of food. Twenty-seven persons have been received into the gaol, four of whom were females, and four from the gaol in the Eastern district. Twenty-two have been discharged on the expiration of their sentences, The maximum number in the gaol at any one time is twenty-one, and the minimum fourteen. G On
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for the first time and be friendly with people from Galoma in the east, at this port. 'l'here must have been fully 2,000 people asRembled here for about a week in .January, the young men amusing themselves, while the elders were sitting on the verandahs convOI'sing and chewing betel nut on the most friendly terms. The Toaripi people came to port in larger numbers than usual. This is an occasion when there is generally trouble, but this year the trading was conducted in a quiet and friendly manner.
Mr. A. C. English, the Govemment Agent at Rigo Station, has done good work in his district. All the Sinaugolo tribe are now at peace with each other and the surrounding tribes. Those of the Rigo village, who scattered during the famine, are now collecting and forming a large village at Gomuridobu, close to the Government station. The Bono people have also joined them there. The Manukolo people are collecting and building a new village. 'I' hey are now at peace with all their neighbours and with the hill tribes. The Balaguaia and Ikoru tribes have also collected and settled down peaceably. The villages of Kelirupu and Tupulamu have been visited for the first time by Mr. English and the constabulary. They are now friendly and peaceful, sending in reports to the Government station when anything goes wrong. Kala and Kwaipo now interchange :friendly visits, as do also Kwaipo and Ganimarupu, Galoma, and Aliba. I have sent messengers from Koapara overland to the Government station. They had to pass through Balaguaia and Ikorn, formerly their deadly foes. They lost their way and were met by some Balaguaia people, who housed and fed them, showing them the road next day.
The villages in Cloudy Bay and as far east as Table Point have been visited twice during the year and were found to be very friendly although frightened of the bush people. 'l'he new village of Merani has also been visited, but on approach no onE\ remained in the village except two women. I am glad to report that the Motu dialect is getting more widely known. There is no difficulty now in getting interpreters for Cloudy Bay as Tuari, the Domara chief, and his followers know Motuan fairly well. There is a decided change for the better at Galoma. The people are now quiet and peaceful, and Koapena, the chief, is a firm friend of the Government and of white men. Kopikulo, the chief of Bula'a, is also a convert to law and order, consequently his village has taken a turn in the right direction.
Mr. Kowald, the Government Agent at the newly-formed Government station in the Mekeo District, has made a good start. Comfortable quarters have been erected of native material. A good boat jetty on the river bank has also been made. He has a boat and a crew of five Motuans who act as police. There has been no intertribal warfare or murders since the station has been formed, and, although the station is yet in its infancy, I trust a good effect has already been produced. Maiva and Kivori are at peace and continually visit each other. \Vaikapu have been threatening Kivori, but since your Honour's visit there nothing has come of it. The Maiva murderers are still at large; two unsuccessful attempts have been made to capture them. The murderers at Kabadi are also still at large. They are always on the lookout, and whenever we visit the district they disappear into the bush. There have been no fresh murders during the year. 'l'he Nala villages are also quiet. No villages to the west of Kivori have been visited by me nor have the Koiarians on the Astrolabe, but those scattered on the plains about the river and inland of Tupuseleia have been visited, but arc very frightened. There are several old murderers amongst them who are "wanted," but it is very difficult to effect their capture owing to their nomadic habits.
From October, 1890, to 30th .June, 1891, ninety different villages have been visited by me; some, however, have been visited several times, thus bringing up the total number of visits to 135.
Since the Regulations of the Native Board have come into force several native magistrates' courts have been held in this district. One case of using threatening language has been dealt with by me, and I am afraid this evil is on the increase. The more intelligent natives, mostly boys who have been in Government service, or have worked for white men, go about trading and threatening the ignorant natives inland with gaol and the wrath of the Government if they do not supply them with the goods they require.
On the whole, the natives have taken kindly to the regulation against burying the dead in their villages. Burial grounds have been picked out at most of the places at a reasonable distance from Port Moresby. The Sinaugolo tribe, who formerly did not bury at all, now have their burial grounds and use them. There has been a little friction at Kalo, but on being spoken to the friends exhumed the bodies buried in the village and re-buried them in the burial ground. The Keapara people refused to select a burial ground, but no deaths have as yet taken place, therefore no action has been taken.
Lands.-In the month of March last sites for stations of the Sacred Heart Mission were bought by me m the Mekeo villages of Aipeana, Veipaha, Amoamo, Rarai, N gauauni, Mission Hill, and Oriropetana-the largest block being 20 acres at Aipeaua. More sites are required, but owing to the overflow of the river travelling was rendered impracticable.
A plot of 24 acres has also been bought by me at the Maiva-Kivori boundary for the Government. 'l'here are several blocks of country in this district suitable for cocoanut growing, viz. :-All the line of beach from Vererupu to Table Point with a few breaks, Constance Island, Lily Island, all round Red Scar Bay from Morabi to Cape Suckling, also the land now lying waste between Maiva and Kivori. Cocoanuts also flourish well on the banks of the Vanigiri River, but more clearing would be required there than on the beach blocks.
Grime and Prisoners.-I am happy to state that crime is decidedly on the decrease in the parts under our control in this district. In September, 1890, seven men and two women were cleverly arrested by the Government Agent at Rigo for the murder of Mr. George Hunter. Three of the men were acquitted, two suffered the extreme penalty of the law, and the remainder are now in Her Majeety's prison at Port Moresby. The executions have had a wonderfully quietening effect in this hitherto troublesome district.
There have been sixteen persons charged with murder and brought before the courts, nine of whom were acquitted. Only four cases of larceny have been brought to light. This is owing, doubtless, to the plentiful supply of food.
Twenty-seven persons have been received into the gaol, four of whom were females, and four from the gaol in the Eastern district. Twenty-two have been discharged on the expiration of their sentences, The maximum number in the gaol at any one time is twenty-one, and the minimum fourteen.
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On the 30th June there were fourteen males and two females confined in the gaol at Port Moresby. Early in September last the new g~ol on Ela beach was completed, and all the male prisoners removed there, the old lockup being reserved f0r the female prisoners.
The prisoners have enjoyed excellent health since they have removed to their new quarters. There has been only one death, that of an old man transferred from the Samarai gaol, who died of decline. One birth has also taken place.
Two coloured warderB, under the head gaoler, are in charge of the male prisoners, whilst the wife of one of them acts as matron to the females.
Divine service is, as hitherto, regularly held every Sunday by a mission student.
I have, &c., FRANK E. LA WES,
Resident Magistrate for Central District and Secretary for Native Affairs .
.APPENDIX V.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT AGENT OF THE RIGO DISTRICT.
Government Station, Rigo, lOth September, 1891.
SIR,-I have the honour, for your Honour's information, to furnish the following report on the Rigo District, for the year ending 30th June.
Native A.ffairs.-It is gratifying to be able to report that during my term of office in the Rigo District the state of the natives has been on the whole satisfactory. The Sinaugolo tribes have now settled down on their own land and old village sites-namely, Rigo, Kemaia, Saroa, Waboroba, Girobara, Babaka, and Saroakei. The last-named, which is a portion of the Sinaugolotribe, have settled down on the Vanigere (Kemp Welch) River in three villages, where they have planted cocoanuts and cultivate a large quantity of food, and they have supplied the above villages during the scarcity of food among them, as also the coast tribe Kapa Kapa. I am pleased to be able to state that the l<mg-standing feud between the Saroakei and Saroa people appears to have ended. Much credit is due to the chief Tanogari, of Saroa, for the way in which he has preserved peace among his people. He has built for himself a large weatherboard house; this is quite a new idea with the natives. Tanogari has conducted church service for the last two months during the absence of the London Mission Society's teacher. All the Sinaugolo tribes have a good supply of food this year and are on good terms with one another, and they have taken very kindly to the Native Regulations. With reference to Regulation No. XIII. for the burial of the dead, I selected with the chiefs suitable burying grounds, m1d they are now burying in them ; this is quite a new feature to the natives here as it was not their custom to bury their dead-but to expose them on platforms in the forest or on the ends of their houses.
The Garia tribes-namely, Gosoru, Gerisi, Wasira, U sia, Gea, and Garia and Kiratu-have settled down on their own lands and old village sites, and are all living peacefully among themselves and with their neighbourR. Peace has been established between the W ali and Tabolo tribes on the Vanigere River ; visits are now frequently exchanged between those tribes. The chief of Gosoru, Kebokanamoga, has been of the greatest assistance to me in the execution of my duty, especially in the settling of the Garia tribes on their own land, and in the conveyance of messages to the mountains, being the most influential chief in the district and a great traveller. For his valuable services he has been receiving salary at the rate of £3 a year.
The Humeniand Suaboi tribes have now settled down into two villages, Kisirima-ike and Meirabumava, where l have had a small weatherboard house built. These two villages are on the mainroadfrom the Government station to Port Moresby. The Humeni tribes cultivate a very large quantity of food, and trading parties from the coast, Motu, Tupusileia, Gaile, and Kapa Kapa, frequently visit them. The latter tribes, only a few years ago, when travelling along the coast gave them a wide berth as they were one of the most murderous tribes in the district.
The Veiburi tribe has settled down in a new village about three miles from the coast village Gaile. The Ineari and Vadili tribes have been very unsettled since last May, owing to my visiting them with the police with the object of arresting the murderers of the Tupusileia woman.
The Balaguaia and Papakarubu tribes are very quiet; the Ikoru tribe has settled down close to Balaguaia, and have given up the idea of returning to their old village site.
New T1·ibes Visited.- In November I visited the Tupulamu and Kererupu tribes, accompanied by the Commandant and a detachment of the armed constabulary. These tribes had never been visited before by any white man. The renson of this visit was that they had threatened to kill me or any other white man, and that they had said they did not fear the Government. The Tupulamu was the first visiteJ. The police were drilled in the village, and the use of firearms was shown to the natives. I took the chief's shield and had it hung up a few yards from the village, where the police fired a volley at it. This had a good effect on the people, and the news was taken to the inland tribes of the power of the firearms. 'l'he 'l'upulamu are a very small trihe of three villages, built on the loftiest peaks. They live chiefly on sugar-cane, water in the dry season being 2,000 feet below them. The Kererupu is a much larger tribe of four villages, about three hours' walk from Tupulamu. Their dialect is much like that spoken by the Sinaugolo tribes. Since my visit they have come down to Saroakei, W aikuni, and Kalo, which they had not done previously. There still remain some forty villages inland of these people that have not yet been visited by me.
Kwaipo.-The K waipo people have settled down in their village again. They have been very frightened since I made the night arrest of the two Kwaipo men. Peace has been made between them and Kalo. I took the chief Kuluguria there, and that was the first time he had seen their village. The chief of Kwaipo and ten men accompanied me on to Ganimarupu, where peace was made between them. Thenee
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we went to Galoma, and this was the first time the Kwaipo natives have ever been there. I have taken two peace-making parties to Ganimarupu trom Galoma, once accompanied by the chief Koapena. The Ganimarupu people do not go to Galoma, not yet having sufficient confidence in the Galoma people.
Coast T1·ibes.-Tu puseleia, Gaile, Kone bada, and Ka pa Kapa are all very quiet, and are now c~ltivating a larger quantity of food, as they are r.ble to go further inland without fear of the "bush'' tr1bes, th~ escorting of their women inland with spears is already a thing of the past. Bulaa, Babaka, and Kamah are on. good terms with o~1e another, !llld have a 17oml. supply of food this year. Bulaa h~s plant~d a large quantity of cocoanuts this season. Sunday tradmg Js about ended between the three tnbes. 'Ihe ch1d Kopikulo has behaved very well, and attenhvely obeys all commands of the Go1·crnmcnt. I rcgrc~ to s~ate the Sunday trading is still going on between Keapara and Kala. '~'he. latter pe?ple have b~1:10d e1~-bt persons in the village, but these have since been taken up and buned m the bnr1al ground.. lhe chief, Auila, of the small fishing village at Keapara, informs me the Keapara people are now traclmg honest~y with his people. The chiefs Gana and Kiniope have refused to bury their dead anywhere else than m the village; but as no one has been buried in the village since the Regulation was passed, 110 steps have been taken in this matter.
Larcen,y.-Only two cases have come before the native court. In both cases the offemlers were sentenced to seven days' hard labour.
Murders.-Only three cases have come under my notice this year-at Ineari the murder of a woman ; at Vadili the murder of a woman; and at Irumi the mm·der of a man and a boy. I regret to state I have been unable to secure the culprits yet.
Improvements at tlte Station.-At the Government station there is a new cottage, 30 feet by 15 feet, with three rooms and a small kitchen and out-houses, all built of sawn timber and galvanised iron. The blocks were obtained from the natives here, all the rest of the material has been imported.
Planting.-About four acres of land is now under the cultivation of banana~, sweet potatoes, yams, taro, and swrar-cane which has aiven a good supplv of native food to the station constables ; it
b ' b - . h b t Jl has also met the l'everal visits of the armed constabulary, and a large quantity as een sent o . ort More;~by for the prisoners in gaol there. About 1,000 cocoanuts have been planted out, and are thriving well; another thousand are in the nursery ready to be planted out.
RQads.-The main Port ~foresby road has been extended from Saroa to Saroakei, crossing the V<Lnigere River to Kwaipo, and thence on to Galoma.
I have, &c., A. C. ENGLISH,
Government A gent, l'\igo District.
APPENDIX W.
l{EPORT OF THE RESIDENT MAGISTRATE lWR 'l'HE LOUISIADES.
Samarai, 25th June, 1891. Sm,-I have the honour to furnish the following report for tlw period lst January to 25th June,
1891, on the Louisiades :-MINIYG.
At the commencement of the year the population su:fft>red from scarcity of provisions, the usual trading vessel not having visited the islands for some months. As a consequence there was nothing done on the goldfield, the staple articles of diet, and breadfruit, obtained from the natives, not being of Etufficient nourishment to enable men to work claims, or prospect in search of new ones. Since the latter end of February stores have been obtainable, lmd mining matters look more promising. Several "old hands" have returned, having tried new "rushes" in Queensland. Parties are about to prospect the heads of the gullies on the east of Sudest, a,nd will, I think, in all probability meet with succe~s. Sinking operations still continue at the Caledonian Reef at the west end of Sudest, showing the same prospect at the extreme depth reached, over 30 feet. Stone has been forwarded for crushing to Queensland. Should this turn out payable it might introduce capitai on to the field, without which very little can be done a,t present. An application has been made for a reef on St. Aignan.
The conduct of the miners in their treatment of the natives has been exemplary. Could the present relations continue little fear need be entertained of any deterrent influences from the contact of white anJ native races on the latter in the civilizing process.
NA•rrvEs. On taking up my residence on St. Aignan I found the principal cause of disquietude among
the natives was the possession of firearms by various villages. Of these they becnme poRsegsed either by trade or in payment of wages. Villages in pos~ession of firearms of any description put those unpossessed of them in a state of fear, and compelled the latter to acquiesce in all demands. With the intention of placing the different village:; on an equal footing as regards their armaments I made an extended cruise, first making a few overland journeys (in one of which I received material a~si~tam·e from a party of five prospectors on the island) round St. A ignan and the islands in its vicinity, the rel'lult being the recovery of all firearms in the possession of the natives on the islands visited. In cases where it was found arms were paid as wages compt>nsation was made. The natives of the several disarmed villages will now, I think, be more ready to place any grievances before the Government instead of threatening one another and destroying the peace of all their neighbours.
Thieving is less prevalent. The temptation to steal tobacco is doubtless very great; however, the natives are beginning to realise that it is better to work for tobacco than steal the latter and receive imprisonment. Your
84
Your Honour's suggestion as to taking natives from different localities to witness the execution of Tamana, at Sudest, and Vi via, at 1\iurua, has borne good fruit; two cases having come to my knowledge where murder would probably have been committed had not the remembrance of what they had seen deterred the would-be murderers from c11rrying out their evil designs.
Among the islands visited besides St. Aignan and i::ludest were Kamuta, Bagaman, Gulewa, Joannet, 1\iewstone, Brooker (Utian), Parapompom, aud Panuaet. On Kamuta the natives are among the most industrious in the Louisiades, the men and women working a great deal in their gardens. Several of the men are employed in the bcche-do-mer indu~try by different traders. The Brooker islanders I found to be the most unsettled and untrustworthy. Pann::tet, the seat of the canoe-building industry, the only native industry of any magnitude in the Louisiades, contains the best natives, industrious, intelligent, and not devoid of courage-a doubly pleasing virtue in the Louisiades, where treachery and cowardice are the predominating traits. Under a careful and competent instruetor boat-building might be carried on at Pannaet after a time with success. Should any un:lortaking on a large scale, such as the formation of cocoanut plantations, be contemplated by the Government, I would suggest Pannaet and Kamuta as two eligible sites for a beginning; suitable land could, I think, be obtained on both islands.
GlJ:"ERAL. Europeans in the Louisiades appear to enjoy better health than formerly. According to the state
ments of those who have resided some time in the district', fever is not so prevalent, neither is it of such a severe form, as on the first arrival of a white population. Two deaths have occurred, one, J. Loncrain, from exposure, and Mauriee Keating from congestion of the lungs, both miners on St. Aignan.
I append some e~tensions of the JI.Iisima (St. Aignan) m1d Tagula (Sudest) dialects made out in comparison, as regards grammar, with the N ada tongue; also a short list of words in the Gadan or Pannatina (.Toannet Island) vernacular.
I enclose a return of native cases dealt with in court under the native regulations. In closing my report I beg to express my sorrow at being unable to remain in New Guinea owing
to physical weakness incurred in the discharge of my duties, and should it be my privilege and fortune on restoration to health to return, I hope with your Honom's permission to continue in the performance of those duties I now leave with regret.
I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant,
W. T. CA.MPBELL, U. :M:., Louisiades.
To His Honour Sir 'Villiam 1\facgregor, :M:.D., K.C.M.G., Administrator, British New Guinea.
LOUISIADES DISTRICT. REPORT of FoRBIDDEN AcTS dealt with under the REGULATIONS of the NATIVE REGULATION BoARD for the
From whom or how obt<~ined. In Possession of Date of Recovery.
Billy (European), for wages ... .Kabinna . .. 14th Jan., 1891. H. Mm·timer (stolen), forwarded to Taudialli ... 18th March, 189 1
Curator of Intestate Estates ... ~faweure (Brookcr Islander) Talmin Sudest (S.S. Islander) Maweura (given by Nicholas for
R~thana Rahana Char lie
I Ma eh 18t1 r , 1891 4th April, 1891
wages) Parapompom
Eigugagugga Kamuta .. .
Snider rifle
Double-barrel shot gun Snider rifle
European, St. Aignan (left), for Gninbuna wages
Fisher (stolen) Tom Mullins, for wages Robinson, for wages
Kamado Tabubi Tom ...
29th March, 1891
29th March, 1891 31st March, 1891 17th April, 1891 2oth April, 1891 Minor .. . Snider rifle
APPENDIX X.
85
APPENDIX X.
REPORT OF THE COMMANDANT OF 'I'HE ARMED NA'HVE CONSTABULARY.
Port Morcsby, 20th 1891.
Sm,-I have the honour to report for your Honour's information on the organisation and the duties, etc., of the Armed Constabulary during the time tlwy have been under my command, from the 6th N ovcmber, 1800, to the 30th ,J unc, 1891 :-
ORGANisATION .A.:SD ENROLME:~'r oF THE CoNSTATIUL.A.RY.
2. Legislative authority to create the above force was given by an ordinance" to provide for an Armed Constabulary," which passed the Legi;>lative Council on 20th )lay, 1890. Your Honour thereupon, with the kind co-operation of the :Fiji Government (as I have since learnt), arranged for the enrolment in that colony of a small but well-selected body of native constables to act ap; a nucleus for the further organisation and development of a force in the Pos~cssion. Two Fijian non-commissioned officers were therefore enlisted, and agreed to serve here for one year ; with them were under a written agreement to serve for three years, twelve picked Solomon Islanders. All receive moderate wages, and are provided with accommoJation, rations, dothing, arms and ammunition. Reasonable medical comforts and attendance are also secured to them, \Vith the cost of their conveyance both from and when returning to Fiji at the of their agreement. ·From my perusal of the papers accompanying the latter document, m1d the appearance and conduct of the men, it is evident that every care and consideration were shown by the Government of J4'iji to meet the wishes of this Government and secure satisfactory results. It was a fortunate circumstance, also, that through the kindness of Captain Castle, R.N., of II.M.S. "Rapid," they were brought direct to Samarai and rccci\'cd by the Resident of the Eastern Division on the 25th August, 18fJO. A eon~idcrable saxing was thus effected in cost of their transport, while the men avoided the temphttion>' s1tre to be put before them iu the Australian towns.
EmtOPEa~ 0FFICEI~s oF X'orrcE.
3. I assumed the duties of Commandant on the Gth November, 1800. }iy appointment was followed by those of Mr. A. Vv. Butterwortl1 <tnd 1\lr. ,J. B. Cameron, as .European officers in the force. The constabulary duties o£ Mr. A. \V.l~utterworth, who is also the Governmcut and Clerical Assistant to the Government Secretary, e(m~ists chiefi.v in the supcrvil:lion of any men remaining in this port and their when I am absent with a detaehment either to patrol a district or arrest criminals, etc. These have been performed satisfactorily, and I have also received all the assistance when in port which I believe he can conveniently give consistently with other claims on his time.
~Ir. J. B. Cameron was created an officer in the force, and a detachment of constables has been left with him to support his position and to aid him in carrying out his somewhat difficult and responsible work as Resident Magistrate in the W e~tern Division.
PAPUAS RECRLITS. 4. Eight aboriginal natives of the Possession have been added to the force from Kiwai and the
adjacent il:llands, Parama and Yaru, and one from the Eastern Division. None have enlisted in the Central Division as yet. These men have done their work willingly, and have improved in everything since joining, but some time must elapse before their knowledge and self-reliance can be depended upon.
HEAD-QuAnTJms .ASH Acco:MUODATION.
5. The head-quarters of the force is at prewnt at Port :Moresby. These are situated on a flat, well aired by the south-east trade winds, and arc overlooked by the quarters of the Commandant. Five houses built for their use arc fitted with bunks, tables, etc., and are furnished with an abnnda11t SUl)ply of water. Their quarters may be considered hirly comfortable for tl10 'I'here is a good drill ground near to them.
ARMs AND AccouTREMENTS.
6. The constables at present are armed with Winchester and Snider rifles, but I hope shortly to be able to them all Sniders, as being the simplest weapon that can be provided, and the a,rm least likely to get out o1 order from changes of climate, etc. These weapons and the ammunition required have been chiefly obtained at a very moderate price through the courtesy of the Queensland Government.
l.J~H'Oll:\[,
. 7. This is at present very simple and inexpensive, but sufficiently effective enough to impress the natives. 1'he material is blue serge jumper and dungarce knickerbockers with red braid. A belt, knife, and cartridge pouch are likewise added. " Bandoliers" have been ordered, but are not yet furnished to the men. •
RA.no~s.
8. I have the honour to annex a copy of the ordinary allowance for constables. \Vhile it is not easy te procure fish,
ration scale, which is settled as a fixed
on _duty_ in the outlying districts the men'~ diet eau be and is much rations 1ssued from the Government store has been uniformly good. necessary utensils and camp gear free.
HI;ALl'H Of' ME~.
etc., in Port Moresby, when mo1·c v:tried. 'I'he quality of the The men are also provided with
9. I am to report the health of l lw men excellent on the whole. cases of illness, and they h:wc escaped any aeei•lent:<. They have all at
'!'here have been no ~erious however, suffered from
attacks of fever. · Co~mrcT OF ~[EN.
10. l can with ;:;atisfadiou to l.he general gootl bchaviout· of the me11. Xo defaulter sheets are file~ 1n the office against any of tlH'm, and only un one or hro occasions lmve I hnd rca::>on to correct them w1th 'l'hey do their work cheerfully, and arc active.
DmLL
86
DRnL.
11. The constabulary are now fairly trained in manual, firing, and the bayonet exercise, and understand something of skirmishing. Considering the short time they have been together, the force shows 1\ good front. The Papuans arc improving by degrees, and are gaining confidence and smartness.
REGULATIONS.
12. Under Section IV. of the" Armed Constabulary Ordinance" Hegulations to be observed by non-co~missioned officers and constables were duly passed, and printed copies have since been furni~hed to the drfferent Government stations, ancl are of course hung in the men's quarters. I enclose a certified copy of the Regulations in question.
WAGES.
13. The men having consented to placing their wages in the Savings 1{ank of Queensland, arrangements have been made by the Hon. the Treasurer accordingly. On the expiration of the three years' term of indenture each man will thus have his accumulated wages at his disposal.
DuTIES PERFORMED.
14. In the period under notice the constabulary have patrolled the eastern, central, and western divisions on various occasions. Each of these expeditions has already been separately reported upon by me. I annex a list of the several villages visited by my~elf and the constabulary in the three divisions or magisterial distriets. The force has almost invariably been met in a friendly manner, the only exception being at the village of "Sib Sila" (ED), "Inawa" (CD), and Badu (WD). At the first, when arresting a murderer, the people made a determined attempt at rescue, and in self-defence a member of the force shot a native who attempted trying to cut him down with a long knife. An official enquiry held on the case by Your Honour's direction subsequently entirely exonerated the officer in question from all blame in the matter. At Inawa, also, some opposition was encountered but no shots were fired. At Badu ('VD) the people, not having been properly warned of our peaceful intentions, were hostile, and a skirmish took place, which has since been separately and fully reported upon.
ARRESTS.
15. Three murderers have been arrested-viz., Keliura, for murder of a 11ative child at Kerepunu; N uamutu, for murder of Semukoi, n native ut Sila Sila; and Gumumumanuia, for the murder of Ah Gim (a Chinese) at Duan, Normanhy Island.
DisTRIBUTION oF FoRCE.
16. On the 30th June, 18!Jl, the constabulary were distributed as follows :-A detachment of four Solomon Islanders and four Papuans {,-ere at Mabudauan Station, under charge of the Resident Magistrate, who is, as stated before, an officer in the force. One Solomon Islander and two l:'apuans were asaigned to the Government cutter " :Vraino," for the Resident Magistrate in the Louisiade district, the rest of the men-viz., 1 Fiji Rergeant, l Fiji corporal, 7 Solomon Islanders, and 7 Papuans were at head-quarters.
I have, etc.,
[Enelosure No. 1 in Commandant's Report.]
GEO. WRIFORD, Commandant.
Lrsr of VrLLA.GES visited by me with DETACHMENTS of CoNSTA.BULA.RY from 6th November, 1890, to 30th June, 1891.
Several other villages have been visited by detachments of constabulary when accompanying your Honour or the Hon. F. E. Lawes, R.M.
Description.
Rice Biscuit Meat Sugar Tea Tobacco ... Soap
GEO. WRIFORD, Commandant.
[EnclO!J!tre No. 2 in Commandant's Report.]
ScALE of RATIONS for MEN of the CoNSTABULARY.
Quantities.
7lbs. 3 , 6 "
(3tins). 2 , 2 ozs. 4 sticks ·~·lb.
Remarks.
Per Week.
" " " " ,
" " " ,
" " "
N.B.-When yams or other local grown vegetables are used, rice and biscuit will be deducted in proportion, but this will not affect other items of rations.
Rations of local vegetables will be in the following proportions-Yams (Unpared and uncooked) 7 lbs. per diem. Taro ,, , , 6 , , ., Sweet Potatoes , , 6 , , ,
[Enclosure No. 3 in Commandant's Report.]
RuLES AND REGULA'riONs lWR THle GovERNMEN~r oF Nol'-COl!MISSIONED OFFICERS AND C'oNS'rABLES
OF Tl1E ARMED Coxsr.A.BUI,ARY, MADE UNDER SECTION IV. OF "The Armed Constabular,IJ Ordinance of 1890."
"I. On every day, except Sunday, non-commissioned officers and constables will, at the following hours, be liable to perform the undermentioned duties, viz. :-
6 am. to 6.30 a.m.-drill, at which arms will be inspected; 9 am.-fatigue duty for cleaning quarters, or camp, &c.; 5 p.m. to 5.30 p.m.-dl'ill.
"Il. No non-commissioned officer or constable shall absent himself from quarters or camp, except by p€'rmission of the officer in charge of such quarters or camp.
"Ill. Every non-commissioned officer and constable must he and remain in quarters or camp between the hours of 10 p.m. and 6 a.m., unless he ha~ obtained permission to be out of quarters or camp during such hours.
"IV. It
88
"IV. It sltall be the duty of every non-commissioned officer aud constable that is placed in charge of quarters or a camp, to lmve such quarters or camp kept scrupulously clean.
"V. Every non-commissioned officer and constable is responsible for Government property entrusted to his care. If any such property is, through the rault of any non-commissioned officer or constable, lost or injured, such non-commissioned officer or constable may, in addition to rendering himself liable to punishment, have to make good the loss or injury out of his pay. The commandant will every Saturday hold a parade, at which. he will inspect all Government property entrusted to non-commissioned officers and constables.
" VI. Non-commissioned officers and conRtables are not to encourage natives to come into quarters or a camp. But non-commissioned officers and constables must at all times treat natives with whom they come into contact with kindness and consideration.
" VII. No non-commissioned officer or constable shall, except with the sanction of the officer m command, accept any present from a native.
"VIII. If any non-commis>'ioned officer or constable has any complaint to make, he should, if possible, make it to the commandant or officer in charge during an inspection. If there should be no commandant or officer in charge, a complaint may be made to any European officer of the Government.
"IX. Non-commissioned officers shalJ perform the following duties, that is to say-
" (1.) Look carefully after the men under their charge, and treat them well and fairly. " (2.) Sec that the men get their proper allowance of food. " (3.) Sec that quarters or camp, and all arms and accoutrements, are kept clean and m
good order. "(4.) If any rations appear to bo unfit for food, or of bad quality, or defective in quantity,
take such rations to the commandant or officer in charge, or if there be no commandant or officer in charge, to some European officer of the Government.
"(5.) Report at once to the commandant or officer in charge, or if there be no commandant or officer in charge, to some European officer of the Goven1ment, any case o£ sickness in quarters or camp.
" (6.) Arrest and take before the commandant or officer in charge, every constable that commits a breach of discipline.
"X. If any non-commissioned officer or constable commits a breach of any of the foregoing Rules and Regulations, he will, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding one pound, or to be imprisoned for a period not exceeding ten days.
"11. H. M:ORETON, "Clerk, Executive Council.
" 16-4-91."
APPENDIX Y.
REPORT OF THE LOCAL AUDITOR ON THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED ON 30Trr JUNE, 1891.
Government Secretary's Office,
SrR,-I have the honour to report herevrith :financial year ended on the 30th June last.
Port Moresbv, British ~ew Guinea, · 26th September, 1891.
on the local audit of the public accounts for the
WEsTERN DrnsroN.-1. The :first such examination took place at Mabudauan Station for the Western division, and has already been reported upon separately by me and submitted to Your Honour. It is convenient, however, I believe, to attach it hereto* to complete the survey of the work under review.
EAsTERN .DrvrsiON.-2. The next audit was effected by the Treasurer, Hon. T. H. Hatton Richards, who was deputed to act for me as auditor in respect of the Customs accounts in the Eastern division. .Mr. Richards has, I consider, performed this work very satisfactorily, as Your Honour had indeed observed when it was also separately submitted. I attach it notwithstanding,* to assist in completing the subject.
CENTRAL DrvrsiON-STOREs, &c.-3. ,,Vhile the Treasurer was absent at the East end engaged in the abovementioned audit, I made a critical examination of all accounts relating to the Government Store since the Government Storekeeper, Mr. A. w·. Buttcrworth, assumed charge in October last. The process included a comparison of invoices of all goods received with the storekeeper's receipt-book, a comparison of all requisitions for stores with the delivery-book and local order-book, checking tl.le monthly balances shown in the stock-book, ancl finally a cn.rcfnl survey of the remainders of stores on the 30th June, both as regards quantities and quality.
The examination of the various books, papers, and goods showed a total of some 11,000 items requiring attention. It gives me pleasure to note the satisfactory nature of the Government Storekeeper's discharge of his duties during the ]Jeriod under review. N otwithstamli11g the hurry and undue pressure upon him nt times in issuing goods, 1 found the store-books (,vith ~ome very minor and explicable exceptions) quite correct. Hut more particularly hatl l to commend him on behalf of tbe Oovernment for the care given to tl1e Rtores, whereby I could detect scarcely any loss or waste, and this where the accommodation existing is very indifferent, and should if 'possible be improved. At present the space is
most ------------
• Not printed,
89
most limited in the Government Store, and a portion of it exposed to the weather owing to its positio~, etc. Unless cases are moved with considerable frequency also, the woodlouse destroys them m a short time owing to the absence of flooring in the building.
I may add that a magazine-book is now being kept under my instructions by the Government Storekeeper of all ammunition, etc., received and issued.
CENTRATJ DIVISION-OUitATOR oF INTE:>TATE EsTATEs.-4. On the return of the Treasurer from the East end, I audited the books and documents in his care as Curator of Intestate Estates for British New Guinea, and I am able to state that they evince every mark of care and nccuracy. The estates dealt with are not very numerous, but the system and record of administration adopted from Queensland I should hardly think can easily be improved upon. Like that of the store books it may at first sight, appear somewhat elaborate, but although the former might be simplified perhaps to some extent, the latter, I think, could not be so with any advantage. 'l'he books kept at present are an index-book, cashbook, ledger, and claims-book.
CENTRAL Drvrsro:N-PosT OFFICE, &c.·-5. The examination of the local post office accounts requires little remark. From the date of the Protectorate this Possession has been treated as a postal district of Queensland, and the postage stamps of that colony have been used here for oversea postage, no domestic postage being charged. The practice, therefore, has been to purchase (with a cheque entered ''to account") a certain quantity of stamps for the use of the Government and convenience of the public. The moneys paid in by the latter are exchanged for stamps, while a current account is kept besides of official postage, until by degrees the local supply of stamps is exhausted. A fresh cheque or balance of cash in hand is then again advanced for stamps. As all these transactions seem to have been duly shown in the account book of cash and stamps passing through the Postmaster's hands, after a verification of the balance in hand I had no hesitation in affixing my stamp to the account. The Postage Act of Queensland is not in operation here, and the Postmaster cannot therefore exercise legal power over carriers of mails, etc. I think this defect should be remedied, either by the adoption of the Act in question or the enactment of a local ordinance.
'' JYlEnRIE E:tmi.AND" Accou:sn.-G. The several accounts of the " .llferrie Englan<l" for the financial year ended 31st March last, have been duly examined. Although not perhaps strictly an auditor's duty I have completed a ledger showing the various heads of receipts and expenditure since the arrival of the vessel m these waters, as the Queensland Audit Department requested might be done during last year. Some difficulty arises in settling the accounts with precision at this point, since sm!:tll receipts or payments by the Treasury in Brisbane are not always reported here, nor can this Audit Office readily get access to the bank pass-books. One or two minor discrepancies were thus adjusted last year by the Queensland Audit Department.
The audit of the "Men·ie England" accounts, which are kept separately, includes an examination of the cheque book, counterfoils, 160 vouchers in duplicate for payments, with a cash-book aud ledger, master's incidental expenditure book, and cash receipts book, with a considerable number of supporting vouchers, besides those paid by cheques. The several entries at present coincide exactly, but should anv receipt or payment, such as I just mentioned, l1ave occurred in the Queensland TTeasury, the Audit Department will have to alter the gross total, etc., now stated.
I do not think that it would be unreasona.ble to request the Queensland Treasury to advi~e this Office of all receipts and payments on account of this Possession of which we cannot otherwise have any knowledge. This observation I mean to apply to the so-called" general accounts", as well as those of the " Merrie England."
Mot:NT YuLE EXPEDITION.-7. As public stores have been advanced from the local Government Store (all of which have since been carefully replaced) for the expedition to the Mount Yule Ranges, and Mr. 1'. H. Rattan Richards appeared to wish it, I audited the accounts kept in connection with the above expedition, which had been kept separately. I found them correct, and I believe they will be deemed satisfactory by the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, which provided the fund for the expedition. It would, l believe, have been impossible to supply the stores used at more moderate cost than was the case.
CENTRAL DIVISION-CusTOMS AccouNTs.-8. The audit of the Customs accounts for this divisioi! consisted of the usual comparison between ships' manifest;;, masters' reports, import and warehouse entries of both free and dutiable goods, and a cash book and warehouse-book. All computations of duties were also checked by me personally. l have spoken to the Collector of Customs as to the discrepancies that often exist between the ship's manifests declared in Queensland ports and the reports of the masters of vessel;,. Articles are frequently included in the latter which do not appear at all on the former document, and although I am aware that it may be difficult for them to correspond precisely, I do not think important packages of general cargo should be omitted from the official declaration made at the port of shipment. The Customs Act also attaches considerable importance to the manifests proper, but at the same time I have not detected any loss whatever to the local revenue through such omissions.
Queensland Audit Department-Snp,qesf,cons and Qt~eries.-With some very .trivial e1:ceptions not, I consider, worth specifying, the Customs l\ccounts were in good order. The several suggestions of the Queensland Audit Department in re~peet of local Customs matters had been followed, which rendered the work of audit comparatively ea8y. As these suggestions are included with certain queries on Customs accounts for 1889-90, I beg to annex them herewith* with the replies given by the late Collector of Customs, .llfr. F. E. Lawcs, and the sub-collector at Samarai, JYir. D. Ballantine.
ANKUAr, Ex:PENDITURE-AccouxTs, £15,000.-9. These accounts consist of vouchers for payments (always furnished and ::mditod in duplicate), eounterfoilH of cheques is~ucd, :t Htatement of chcgues book, and a ~~~(lgrr.
As it was understood to be Your Ilonour's wish that all vouchers should be " preaudited" before pnyment, this system has been carried out in the past year. Invoices arc first, in the case of n,rticles vouchers, given to the Government t\torel,ecpcr to as;;ure himself of the quanti tie<:: and quality of tho
goods. -----------------------*Not printed.
90
goods. This officer then calls the attention of the local auditor to missing or unsuitable articlel!l, incorrect weights, etc., and the necessary alterations are made in the vouchers. The prices and totals are then examined, and, if. satisfactory, the vouchers are returned certified; as audited, and then paid by the Treasurer.
On the whole I consider that our several agents have done their best hitherto to supply articles of sterling quality. I speak more particularly of 1\>I:r. J. C. Smith, of Sydney, and Messrs. Burns, Philp, and Co., of Brisbane, Cooktown, and Thursday Island; but I might add the names of one or two other Queensland merchants and tradesmen with whom this Government deals direct-more especially the Fitzroy Meat Company, of Rockhampton. The excellence of the goods supplied latterly by the firm has been all that can be desired, and the prices charged are moderate.
The pages of these vouchers numbered 804, and if the average number of items on each be taken as five (a very low estimate), over 8,000 items have been examined, since the duplicates are, of course, compared with the original vouchers. To the above number can be added 500 cheque butts and 500 entries in both the statement of cheques and ledger. All these various entries, etc., were carefully checked by me with the personal assistance of the 'l'reasurer. It will, I think, be evident therefore that a good deal of additional labour has been created through the appointment of a local auditor, and I trust that a:further and separate letter which I shall have the honour to address to Your Honour on the subject will meet with favourable consideration.
I have, &c.,
A. MUSGRAVE. Government Secretary and Local Auditor.
To His Honour Sir William Macgregor, K.C.M.G., &c.
APPENDIX Z.
REPORTS BY MR. R. L. JACK, GOVERN:t\>IENT GEOLOGIST OF QUEENSLAND.
Sm,-I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt, last week, of your letter of 20th April last, and of the specimens referred to therein, and to hand you herewith a report on the latter.
The collection demonstrates :-
(1.) The presence of gold, topaz, and beryl in the bed of the Fly River. (2.) The presence, within the drainage area of the river, of (a) stratified rocks in an
unaltered condition, including sandstones, clays, limestones, and lignites; (h) metamorphosed stratified rocks, including slates and greywackes; and (c) plutonic and igneous rocks.
The concretionary ironstone nodules probably indicate the presence of metalliferous lodes. The abundance of limestone pebbles from the first and second rapids of the Fly River shows that
not far distant there must be extensive deposits of limestone, which must produce a fertile soiL I am inclined to believe that the whole of the limestone pebbles come from one and the same formation, and that of Mesozoic age. The preponderance of corals in the limestone forms a very marked contrast to the Mesozoic deposits o£ Queensland, which though teeming with marine organic remains, are singularly deficient in corals.
The collection of fossils will take some time to work at, and as they are of the greatest importance, I propose, with your approval, to submit them to Mr. Robert Etheridge, Palreontologist to the Geological Survey of New South Wales and Australian Museum, who has just published an important memoir on " Our present knowledge of the Palreontology of New Guinea."
His Honour the Administrator of the Government, British New Guinea.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
ROBERT L. JACK.
Townsville, 25th August, 1890. Sm,-I have the honour to report that the two weapons which you were good enough to present
to the Geological Survey Museum ha-re :1 ~pecific gravity of 3·56, a hardness (6) equal to that of orthoclase, and are fusible with difficulty on the edges of thin splinters and not clecomposed by acids.
In specific graYity the mineral, or rather rock, exceeds that of the New Zealand jade by from one· fourth to one-sixth. The mineral saussurite, named jade by De Saussure (lime soda zoisite)), is the only one of the group which has a specific gravity (3·26 to 3·85) equal to that of your specimens, but the behaviour of your specimens under the blowpipe and with acids shows that they are not saussurite.
The
91
The hardness of the New Guinea. specimens is too great for serpentine, although low for true ncphrite. The lutrdness of the New Zealand jade varies very widely (H·5 to Eh3).
The Kew Guinea specimens differ widely front serpentine ancl its variety bowenite (which approaches nephrite in hardness) in their behaviom under the blowpipe and with acids.
On the whole 1t appears to me that the material of the wen pcm,; must be classed with the jade of X ew Zealand. Its fibrous texture gives riBe to the suspicion t11at it is really a mixture of the anhydrous silicate of magnesia and lime (nephrite) with the hydrous silicate of magnesia (serpentine), while its high specific gravity points to a large proportion of iron, which is confirmed by blowpipe tests.
I have, &c., lWBJ<mT L. JACK.
His Honour Sir Wil1iam Macgregor, K.C.:fif.G., &c., Governor of New Guinea, Brisbane.
[Enclosure in Appendix Z.J REPORT Ol\ SrEcLuExs Fli.Oli NEw GuiNF.A.
Label on Jlag.
HO m., Fly River Red bank, 150 m., Fly River 160 m., Fly River ... 180 m., Fly River (one "'""'.c"··u.,,
and another 18-12-89) 360 m., Fly River ... . .. First Raprd. 500 m., Fly River Fly River, over 500 m. Over 500 River 520 miles, 520 miles,
Wasi Kussa vVasiKussa Wasi vVasi Mai Kiwai Yarn
2 nL from mouth 2 m. from mouth
m. from mouth
No label (large hag) ... . .. From Fly River, about'500 miles Gold and gem-hearing ;and
}
50 m. above D' Albcrtis ~Island, Fly River, 21-4-90
Black sand, 2nd Rapid, 500 Fly River
Clay, 400 m, Fly River lst. Rapid, Fly IHver ... 2nd. lh]Jid (1) ... 2nd. Rapid (IT)
2nd. Rapid (IIJ)
3rd Rapid, Upl>er Fly 536 miles, 550 miles,
River ... over 500 miles River .. . River .. .
Up1)cr River ... ... . .. Petrified wooa, and reel paint, Upper
Fly Riv<:r No Label (Mark A) ...
No Lahd (1Iark B)
No Label (Mark C)
No Label (Mark D)
No Label (Mark E)
Grey clay Reddish yellow clay. Clay. Clay.
Remarks.
Light grey sandy clay. Calcareous clay. Doleritc with pyrites, and rounded pebbles of limestone. Yellowish sandy day, with harder siliceous bands. Sandstone and elay. Clay, and rounded pebbles of sandstone and a few of quartz. Sandstone, cementing material, carbonate of lime. Has a tertiary or quaternary appearance. Grey argillaceous limestone (not rounded boulders). Rounclcd pebbles of quartz, flint, and greywacke--originally parts of e.
conglomerate, broken in tran~it. Concretionary nodules o£ oxide o£ iron. Sandy clay. Perruginous day, with (indeterminable) organic remains. Ferruginous clay, with (indeterminable) organic remains. Sandy elay. Rounded boulders o£ reddish and grey clay. Clay and concretionary nodules of iron oxide.
Lignite.
No gold visible, but iodine test gives a faint trace. Was carefully put through spceific gravity solution;; to separate the :diflerent minerals.
Rounded granular and crystals o£ quartz ; a few fragments o£ of felspar; magnetite; ilmenitc; a few topazes; large pieces of dolorito, quartz, and felspar.
No gold visible and no trace with iodine test. Was treated for gems as above. ConRists for the most part of magnetite, with ilmenite a few grains of quartz and topaz, and one or tvi'O minute greenish crystals of beryL
The loose clay contains a piece of a freshwater shell (Limn({Ja ?) Rounded pebbles of white limestone with corals and shells. Corah, impression o£ Criorems or Stcphanoreras, and silicified wood. Rounded pebbles of white limestone with corals, a small Lima-like shell
and inq1rcssions of Crioceras or Stcplwnocems, and a broken quartz 1)chble.
Rounded pebble~ o£ white limestone with corals, and fragment of flint with a shell like Cardita.
\Vood (fossil). Rounded pebbles of white limestone with corals. Rounded pebbles of white limestone with corals. Rounded pebbles of white limestone with corals and gasteropods, abo
pebbles of of hornblendio granite, andesite, and quartz, of white limestone with corals.
wood ancllhydrous iron oxide.
Shingk of fine-grained grey sandstone; pebble o£ gritty sandstone; boulder of fine quartz-pebbly grit; grey limestone scptaria; pebbles of white limestone with corals, a shark's tooth, and impressions of Crioceras or Stephanoceras.
conglomerate, with fine-grained "~late" matrix and pebbles o£ felspar-the latter probably derived from a coarse granite; rounded pebl1les of white limestone with eorals.
pebbles of fine-grained red granite and ot" a deeomposod irachytic rock containing schorl. nnd white limPf'tonc with c-orals.
of slate; pebbles of quartz (with ne;l, of tale), of a decomposed traehytic rock eontaining schorl, and of wl1itc limestone with coral~.
Pebbles o£ quartz, granite, fine conglomerate and white limestone concor;tls.
R. L. JACK.
APPENDIX AA..
92
APPENDIX AA.
REPORT ON GEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS FROM NEW GUINEA, BY WILLIA11 II. RANDS, ASSISTANT GOVERNMEN:r GEOLOGIST 0]' QUEENSLAND.
1\faryborough, 19th June, 1891. SIR,-1 have the honour to enclose herewith my report on the specimens from New Guinea,
forwardPd to me, by your direction, for examin~ttion. J:lhe specimens consist of samples of rock from ::M:abudauan and Mount Warirata. I tried two
specimens for gold by the iodine test, but I was unable to detect the slightest trace of that metal in them. In addition to the above, there was a bag of ~mall shells from ne:1r the \V asi Kussa, specimens of
which I have forwarded to the (~ueonslaud Museum to be named.
I ]~ave, &c.,
WILLIAl\1 H. RANDS, Assistant Government Geologist.
Robert L. Jack, Esq., Government Geologist, Townsvillc.
REl'ORT on RocK Sl'ECIMENB from Nnw GUINEA.
:No. l[arks and Locality. Remarks.
1 Surfacestone,Mabudauan, Granite containing large porphyritic crystals of felspar. (Sec note, No. 1.) 1891 I
2 Do. A weathered specimen of the above granite. 3 Mount vVarirata, 23rd Highly vesicular basaltic lava, the cavities of which :are filled with a zeolite.
1 A weathered sandstone rock, highly impregnated with oxide of iron. There
: was no trace of gold by the iodine test. 6 Do. · A sandy conglomerate, containing pclJbles of felsite, and blotches of kaolin from
• r the decomposition of the felsite; also small particles of quartz. This rock, J I too, gave no trace of gold by the iodine test.
7 120 feet below surface,. A decomposed and disintegrated granite. Same as No. 1, but decomposed.
1 Mabudauan, 1891 1
8 1 Surfacestone,]\.fabudauan, Granite, same as No. 1. In the same bag there are three other specimens of
1891 this granite more or less weathered. 9 1 FromneartheWasiKussa A bag of small shells.
Note No. 1-This rock in a thin section under the microscope shows some very fine crystals of oligoclase felspar exhibiting very beautiful repeated twinning; other crystals of felspar have become kaolinizecl owing to decomposition. 1'he felspar was evident.Jy the first mineral to crystnllize out as the other mint'rals are arranged around it. Q.uartz occurs in large blocks, which appear to have heen broken up into ~maller rounded and irregular shaped particle,, which polarize in different colours, and are full of minute stone endosures. Mica biotitc is plentiful. Magnetite in cubes and grains occurs plentifully. It has become peroxidized in places into ferrite.
Note No. 2-This rock is a dark coloured highly vesicular basalt, the cavities in which arc filled in with a zeolite which I did not determine. Under the microscope it is seen to consist of a brownish amorphous semi-opaque groundmass, through which are scattered numerous small prismatic crystals of felspar. Porphyritic crystals of augitc occur, some of them very perfect in shape and showing very perfect cleavage. Tlwy contain enclosures of magnclite. 'l.'hcrc are some minute specks of whut is probably oli'rinc. Olivinc is visible to the naked eye in some portions of the rock. Magnetite oecurs in grains throughout the slice.
APPENDIX BB.
NOTES ON SOME GEOLOG~ICAL SPECIMENS COLLECTED IN BRITISH NEW GUINEA IN 1890-91, BY Mn. A. GIBB MAITLA.ND.
'l'he following notes contain merely a sl1ort account of the lithological character of some of the various specimens collected by Mr. Wm. Nettle, when on an expedition to Mount Yule in the month of December, 1890, and of some others acquired in January, 1891.
Without auy notes as to the mode of occurrence of the rocks in the field, the information afforded by them as to the geological structure of the district is somewhat meagre, and any conclusions drawn from such scanty evidence would not be of much value.
The collection consists of twenty bags of rocks and other specimens. A few of the volcanic rocks are remarkably fresh, but the majority have suffered very much from
weathering and also in transit. A rock collected on the 6th of December from Mount Drew (the country in the vicinity of which
Mr. N cttle, in his notes accompanying the specimen~, describeR as all volcanic) is of a pale reddish colour with a matrix containing, scattered through it, well-formed crystals of augitc. An estimation of ita specific gravity gave a nwan 1~esult of 2·1·, and before the blowvi.pe it fused with ease to a dark-coloured enamel. Its general mieroscopic eharaeters approaeh closely to those mHl0sites which are a llistinguishing feature of some of the yo]canic outbursts in the isla.uds of the Eastern Archipelago.
Two bags of specimens were collected from the foot of .Mount Drew. One bag contained a rounded pebble, which gave tt specific gravity of 2·4,.J.. When broken open and examined tile rock is found to lmve :t dark-coloured matrix wiLh crystals of augite scattered tl1rough it. Some portions,
probably
93
probably vesicles, are crowded with some zeolitic mineral, chabazite (?). 'l'his rock agrees very well with that above described, and may also be referred to the augite-andosites. In the second bag was a rock which has many points of difference to those above mentioned. The difference in specific gravity is such as can be ascertained bv mere handling: an estimation gave a result of 2·84. The rock is fine-graineo, compact, and of a bluish black colour. It contains small olivine crystals. Without the aid of modern refinements of petrography, the rock would undoubtedly be classed with the olivine-basalts.
From the weathered and friable nature of the specimens contained in the bag labelled 25/12/90, and which Mr. Nettle's notes doscribe ns having lJeen obtained from the summit of 1\fount Yule, the rocks are somewhat diilicult to describe.
The unaided eye shows a dark grey matrix containing some zeolitic mineral and a greenish alteration product-prob:tbly the result of the <locomposition of augite. 'rhe specifiu gravity, by mere poising in the hand, is seen to be low; Lhis, however, may result from decomposition. Such meagre evidence as is to be obtained by a comparison of the whole of the collection points to the rock being merely an unusually decomposed andesite.
On December the 26th hvo bags of rock ("sandstone" of the notes) were gathered from one of the spurd on the flanks of Mount Yule. The only specimen received is very friable and of a reddish yellow colour. It is merely an unusually decomposed fragment of a rock similar to that obtained from the summit of Mount Yule.
From a small creek visited on December the 27th, taking its rise from Mount Yule and said to be about ;;:ix yards in breadth, specimens of weathered andesite, a clayey sandstone, and milk-white quartz (in which neither gold nor other mineral was visible) were obtained.
A fragment of augite-andesite, similar to that described from the foot of Mount Drew, was obtained on the 29th inst. from one of the leading spurs of Mount Yule.
The wash-dirt collected from the bed of what is called No. 4 River is made up of a large prrcentage of magnetic oxide of iron, with particles of ohvinc (?) and felspar. This sand is doubtless derived from the denudation of some volcanic rock.
In addition to the above specimens the colleetion contains others, without any further explanation than the locality from whence they came and the date upon which they were obtained.
A bag labelled 1/1/91, without any locality, contains three specimens, one a fine sample of a very fine-grained basalt, and two others of contorted mica-schist, with veinlets of quartz containi11g a fair quantity of iron pyrites.
A varied assortment of speeimens are contained in five bags bearing the inscription, " Karaiwa., 15/1/91." A rounded pebble of mill<·white quartz and three specimens of calcite, arc contained in one bag. Two other bags have samples of andesite similar to those from the neighbourhood of Mt. Yule. A fourth bag contains a rock which, when treated with hydrochloric acid, effervesces briskly. It is made up largely of rounded fragments of carbonate of lime, together with a small percentage of grains of augite (?), olivine, felspar, and (1uartz. In all probability this is a sedimentary rock made up of the debris of limestone and some of the vole:1nic rocks, which appear to be very common in certain parts of the country. In thp, same bag there arc fragments of limestone containing corals too indistinct for determination. The last bag from Karaiwa contains limestone compact and of a yellowish white colour. The weathered faces showed no trace of organic structure.
A very coarse-grained andesite with crystals of augite, sometimes half an inch in length, appear!! to form a portion of vVere Were, JYiullen's Harbour.
A. GIBB ~IAITLAND, Assistant Geologist,
Geological Survey, Queensland.
APPENDIX CC.
REPORT ON THE ZOOLOGICAL GLEANINGS OJ;' THE ADMINISTRATION DURING THE YEAR 1890-1891
By Mr. c. vV. DE VIs, M.A., Curator, Queensland Museum. Queensland Museum,
12th November, 1891. Sm .• -The material which you have on this occasion also been pleased to entrust to this Department
for examination is perhaps somewhat more limited in quantity than hope persuaded it to expect from a second excursion into the higher levels of the country under your Administration, yet in substantial interest it is hardly inferior to that in which was included the yield of Mount Owen Stanley.
But for the accident that a probably new Bird of Paradise, killed during the ascent of11ount Kovio, fell into a ravine beyond recovery, and that other examples of the same bird, which were seen, could not be procured, we should have had no cause to look wrth less satisfaction on this than on the former collection.
As it is, we may well be content to see our New Guinea gallery enriched with the rare Archduchess and Lady Macleay Birds of ParadiBe with an apparently new genull of the nine-quilled Oscines, and with sundry new kimls of lizard.
Craving follows indulgence. Plaeing in the hands of flying visitors four new birds out of fourteen, and so confirming the promise by Mount Owen Stanley that the mountain range of the province should greatly enlarge our conception of the wealth of the eountry in this and, of course, in other departments of life, .Mount Suckling has raised anticipations which would fain see their own fulfilment. Let me then beg of you to cause one or two trained collectors to be stationed in some part of the highlands near the seat of Government, that we may have rendered to us a full aecount of eTerything the changing seasons may bring to them.
In
94
In full confidence that the birds of this collection have not been handled by any shrewd dealer who may hve thrnf.it himself into y0ur employ for the nonce, Mr. Try on nnd I htt ve e'l:pended upon it some valuable time, and I now submit a list of its contents:-
MAMMALIA. DUFAURE ISLAl'.J).
MrcROCIIIROPTERA. VEB:PERUGO ABRAMUB, Ternminclc. Numerous examples, all rather less in size than normal, and with some of the females rufous beneath.
DABYPTILUB PESQUETI, Lesson. Male; the feathers of the back dark-brown, edged with black ; iris "grey-brown."-July, 1891, at 2,548 feet.
M USCICAPIDlE. RHIPIDURA CONCINNA, n.s. Like R. albolimbata, but with the upper breast varied with white, middle of the lower breast fulvous, upper wing-coverts brovm black, and the under mandible mostly white.
Back, scapulars and upper tail-coverts smoky grey, head and cheeks greyish black, a broad supraciliary stripe continued over the ear-coverts white; chin black, upper throat and side of lower throat white. Lower throat and upper breast brownish-black, with some of ihe feathers of the latter narrowly, others broadly, margined with white; flanks smoky grey, middle of lower breast and abdomen pale fulvous. Under tail-coverts white, at the base black; wings above fuscous brown, coverts brownish-black, the least with one or two minute white tips, the median coverts with larger white tips, and the greater broadly white tipped. Under wing-coverts fuscous, edged with greyish white. Tail above brownish-black, the outer three feathers white-tipped, the third moderately, the first largely. Bill brown, all but the tip of the lower mandible white, stained with pale-brown. Feet fuscous. Total length, 138·0; wing, 7·30; tail, 85·0; culmen, 7•0 ; gape, 9.5; tarsus, 18·0. Male, July 27, at 4,350 feet. PACBYCEPHALA. scHI,EGELII, Rosenberg-Flank feathers tipped with olive green; edge of wing yellow, spotted with black; terminal feathers of lower back tipped with yellow; feet fuscous brown; axillaries pale yellow. The example previously recorded from Mount Owen Stanley shows the same traits of variation -possibly both may indicate a representative species. Male, July, 1891, at between 6,000 and 7,000 feet. PhlCILODRYAS VICARIA, 1u. Simulating P. bimaculata, S:tlvadori, but smaller; with the under wingcoverts partly white, and the abdomen and vent almost entirely black.
General colour, velvet black. Upper tail-coverts, a line broad on the side of the lower throat, becoming narrow on the side ofthe upper breast and extending thus partly across the latter, terminal half of the under wing-coverts, tips of some of the feathers of the lower abdomen and vent, and terminal twothirds of the under tail-coverts white. Lower surface of wings and tail ashy black Bill and feet black. Total length, 140; wing, 86; tail, 60; gape, 16·0; culmen, 11·0; tarsus, 23·0. Male, July, 1891, at between 6,000 and 7,000 feet. GERYGOXE INSPERA.TA, n.s. Head, cheeks, ear-coverts, scapulars, back and upper tail-coverts brown with a pale fulvous wash; a narrow palpebral ring white. The lower surface and under tail-coverts white, rather sordid on the throat, and more distinctly stained with brown on the sides of the upper breast. Ta1l palebrown on the basal half of the upper surface, the terminal half with a broad black band; the outermost feather with a larcre white subapical spot occupying both webs, the other laterals with a spot confined to the inner web and gradually decreasing in size, the median rcctrices without spot; the tips of all uniform with the base. ~Wings above and wing-coverts fuscous brown, the quills narrowly edged with grey; beneath ashy brown, paler on the edges of the inner webs. U ndcr wing-coverts white stained with brown. Bill and feet black. Total length, about 9·8; bill (?) basal half only; wing, 5·3; tail 4·6; tarsus, 16·0. One example in spirits, July, 1891, at between 6,000 and 7,000 feet.
LA.NIID.lE.
PACTHYCEPHALA sonoR, Sclater. Tips of the terminal feathers of the lower back bright yellow, forming a narrow band. Male, July, 1891, at between 6,000 and 7,000 feet.
MELIPHA.GID.IE.
MYZOl!ELA. ROSENBERGII, Schlegel. Six adult males and one young ma:c assuming adult livery. July, 1891, at 5,641 feet. MELIPOTES MACinATA, n .. ~ Sides of breast with dark central spots. Head black; back and scapulars brown, sl1ghtly tinged with olive, the feathers with faintly paler edges ; lower back and upper tail-coverts rather paler brown, uniform. Lower surface grey, paler on the throat ; margins of the feathers of the upper breast and of the sides of the lower breast grey, centres of the latter dark fuscous forming distinct spots. Centre only of lower breast and abdomen tinged with fulvous. Edge of wing, under wing·coverts, and under tail-coverts pale sordid fulvous. A ridge oi feathers longer than those of the tln·oat proceeding
from
[Zoological Report)
Section L. ·r~ormation of twige.
3. Centre ·vvi1h. structure of
Ground Plan l Cen.tre -pole. 2 Bower. 3 Entrances
4 Twigs, beans & beetles .
.BOv\TER Oi'
AMBIJYARNIS SUBAI1ARTS
95
from the lower base of the mandible beneath the wattle dark-brown, tipped with grey. Upper surface of wings, tn,il, and wing-coverts brown ; the primaries narrowly, the secondaries and coverts more broadly, edged with grey. ·wings and tail below ashy brown; inner edge of remiges sordid grey. Bill black with the tip brown; feet washed witb lead colour. Total length, 190·0 ; wing, 113·0; tail, 114·0; gape, 22·0; culmen, 16·5; tarsus, 31·0. Female, J ulv, 1891, at between 6,000 and 7,000 feet.
'fhiA bird has a longer bill, wing, and tail than M. .fumigatus, Meyer, and is further distinguished by the regularly disposed blackish spots on the sides of the lower breast. It is clearly not represented by the figure of JJ[.fumigatz?i in the Zeitschrift fUr die Ges. Ornith., 1886, Heft II.
Tn.!ELIID1E. A~ULOCJCHJJA., n.g. Bill geocichline, but with the nostril small and placed in the anterior end of the nasal groove, and with the under mandible straight as far as the tip, which is slightly deflected; mandibular notch shallow. Rectal bristles moderate. 'Ving short, rounded, concave; first primary about half its length shorter than the second; second to fifth, which is the longest, graduated. Tail of twelve feathers, rounded, shorter than wing. Tarsus elongate, slender, ocreate. Plumage soft and loose. AMUOCICHLA sCLATERIANA., n.s. Above rufous brown; head smoky brown; the feathers of the hindhead with fuscous margins. Upper and under tail-coverts rufous; chin and throat white, appearing as an ill-defined gorget; the feathers with narrow pale-brown edges, forming obscure transverse bars. Feathers of the upper breast greyish-white, with broad smoky-brown margins forming an ill-defined pectoral band. Lower breast, sides of abdomen, and thighs grey; centre of abdomen white. Lous grey mottled with brown; cheeks, ear-coverts, and sides of neck rufous, grading to rufous brown, and edged with fuscous brown. Under wing-coverts and surface of quills ashy-brown, the latter with a large buff spot near the base of the inner webs of all but the first three primaries, the spots forming a clearly defined band. Bill black; base of lower mandible and feet horn-brown. Length, 195·0; wing, 103·0; tail, 11·0; tarsus, 47·0; gape, 24·0.
Hab. : Mount Owcn Stanley. Sex? Notwithstanding the goocichline affinities of this bird appnrent in the bill and under· wing pattern, the form of the
wing seems t<J relate it to the Timeliidre proper. Its nearest ally appears to be Ptilopyga.
STURNIDJI'). PAnA.MYTnB, n .. q. Bill shorter than the head, notched at the tlp, compressed, acuminate; fore part of upper mandible curving gently to the tip; culmen obtuse; tom~um somew~at inflected. Nostril exposed, elongate-ovate, placed in the basal half of the nasal groove, w1th a superior membrane. A few small soft rictal hairs. Wing subacuminate, subelongate; the first primary in place as long as the eighth; the third, fourth, fifth, alld Rixth forming the tip of the wing and nearly equal, the fourth the longest. Tail longer than wing, cuneate. Tarsus moderate, with scutellation entire. A small bare spot behind the eye. Head crested. P .t.RA.MYTHIA. :!.fONTIUM, :n .s. Chin, throat, forecheek, lore, a narrow supraciliary line, and a broad frontal crest extending over crowu black ; synciput and crown cream-white, the latter slightly tinged with blue; breast, upper abdomen, thigh, hinder cheek, and a broad band across occiput and upper back dull blue; the re"t of the upper -surface bright olive-green. Lower abdomen, vent, under tail-coverts, and a hypochondria] patch dull goldeJI-yellow. W'"ing above fuscous, the primaries narrowly edged with greenish grey, the rest mth olive grel·ll. Tail above brown on the inner, dull blue on the outer webs; the median feathers blue on both webs. Lower surface of wing and tail brown, inner webs of remiges obscurely edged with ashy grey. Under wing-coverts ashy grey with dark brown tips. Bill black,legs and feet blackish brown; iris brown. Total length, 190·0; wing, 87·0; tail, 110·0; bill (gape), 16·0; tarsus, 30·0. .Female, July 28, 1891, at 6,900 feet, Disappointment Rock.
p ARA.DIBEID1E. LoPIIORHTNA SUPERDA, Pennant. Male. Total length, 195·0; iris brown. July 9, 1891, at 4,350 feet. PAROTIA LAWESIT, Ilamsay. Female. July 26, 1891, at 4,100 feet. AsTRARCIIIA STEPIIANIE, Meyer. The lengthened feathers of the head and the neck form a frill on either side; chin feathers scalv, outer webs of secondary remiges without bronze reflections; iris brown. Two males, .July 29, 1891, at 7,723 feet. Female, same place and time. EPI:MACnus :MACLEA.YA.NE, Ilamsay. Male; iris grey-blue. July 28, 1891, at 6,900 feet. Femalc, snme place and time, the sexes being seen in separate companies. Agrees \Yith the female described by Dr. Finsch in every detail but total length, which depends so much on the collector's judgmcnt in making up a skin. As the female of this species is ascertained, and as the young male does not agree with Finsch's description of the type of E. meyeri, it appears that the male of E. meyeri is yet to be discovered.
0RAsPEDOPHORA :MAGNIFICA, Vieillot. Male, July 2, 1891, at 1,500 feet.
AMBLYORNTs suB.HARrs, Skarpe. Male, July 25, 1891, at 4,100 feet; shot in the vicinity of the bower described by one of the party, as follows:~
" The bower is built of twigs arranged in the shape of a shallow circular basin, about 3 feet in diameter, the side being some 6 inches higher than the centre. The whole of the basin is covered with a carpet of the greenest and most delirate moss, which, as it is of a different kind to that growing around on the ground, trees, roots, &c., led me to conjecture had been planted by the bird itself. The 11urface is serupulously cleared of all leaves, twigs, &c. In the centre of the basin a small tree, without branches, about 2 inches in diameter, is growing. Immediately around this tree, and supported by it to the height of about 2 feet, is erected a light strueture of small sticks and twigs, placed horizontally, and crossing one another. On the extreme outer edge of the basin a more substantial collection of twigs had been built up, which was arched above so as to join the collection around the cent.re pole, leaving a clear space bE'neath for the bird to pass through in his gambols. The basin has two entrances leading into it. Thev are 4 or 5 inches apart, and are formed by a depression or gap in the outer rim. The bower is placed immediately to the right of the entrances. At the opposite side to the entrances, and on the highest part
of
96
of the raised rim of the basin is placed. a quantity of black sticks (4 inches or so in length), black beans, and the black-wing coverings of large Coleoptera. Black is evidently the most attracti\'e colour to this bird." It is clear that this bower, figured below, resembles much that of A. inornata, as described by Beccari.
ST. AIG:'\AN. M USCICAPID.iE.
MONA.RCIIA GUTTULATUB, Garnot. Male; iriR brown ; July 4, 18!H. MoNARCHA CHAJ,YBEOCEPITALUS, Ganwt. An example, with mnny partially concealed white-tipped feathers on the abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts. A sma]l patch of impure white on the middle of the lower breast, and a wl1itefeather on the side of the breast. Male, July fi, 1891.
LA.NIID1E. P A.CITYCEPITALA llfEUNURA, Gould. Female; iris light reddish-brown ; July 8, 1891.
MELIPHAGID.iE. MrzoMELA. NIGRil'A, G. R. Gray. Immature male, July, 1891.
RENARD ISLAND.
]\f U8CICAPID.3!1. (A small island [l,djacent to St. Aignan.)
MoNARCilA INOR......,ATus, Garnot. Fem[l.le, June 6, 1891. MONARCHA CIIALYDEOCEPIIALUS, Ganwt. Female, June 6, 1891. RIIIPIDURA, sp. Male, June 7, 1891.
This bird agrees in all respects, so far as can be seen, with the Admiralty Islands species, R. st!mirttbra, Sclater; but its condition is such that no definite conclusion respecting it would be safe.
LANIID.iE. LALAGE KARU, Lesson. Male, June 3, 1891. PACIIYCEPHALA COLLA.Rrs, Ramsag. Probably a local form of this species. The wings fuscous, coverts darker fuscous, inner webs of remiges towards the base buffy-white, legs and feet flesh coloured. Iris darkgrey. Male, June 3, 1891.
MELIPIIAGID.iE. ZosTEROl'S GmsEOTINCTA, G. R. Gray. Young male, June 3, 1891.
STURNID.iE. CA.LORNIS CANTOROIDES, G. R. Gray. Young male, June 3, 1801. Iris yellowish-red.
CoL UMB-'E. CA.L1ENA.S NICOBARICA, LinnCIJm>. Female.
CHARADRID.iE. CIIA.RADRIUS FULVUS, Gmelin. 1\fale, in winter plumage, July 3, 1891.
SUDEST. CYPSELID.iE.
CoLLOCA.LIA FUCIPIIAGA. Tkunberg.-Male, iris black; June 30, 1891. M USCICA.l'IDlE.
MoNARCHA CIIALYBEOCEPHALUS, Garnot. Male; tips of abdominal and crissal feathers, and under tallcoverts streaked with greyish white. These insular specimens seem to tend towards the evolution of a species with a white abdomen and under tail-coverts. July 1, 1891. Female, June 30, 1891. RHIPIDURA SETOsA, Quoy and Gaimard. }'emale, June 30, 1891.
LANIID.iE. EoPSALTRIA. sunEsTENsrs, n. s. Head, wings, and tail dark-brown ; back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and outer margins of remigcs rufous brown ; median rectrices tinged with rufous brown ; a broad line from the nostril over the eye, cheeks, ear-coverts, and upper chest pale rufous brown ; throat white, slightly tinged with brown; lower chest and abdomen white ; under tail-coverts, under wing-coverts, and carpal edge white stained with brown; wing and tail beneath pale ashy-brown, the shafts fuscous above and white beneath; the inner webs of the remiges grey beneath. Bill bl[l.ck, feet brown. Iris brown. Total length, 137•0; wing, so·o; tail, 68•0; gape, 16•0; culmen, 11·5 j tarsus, 17·5. June 30, 1891.
p ARADISEID.iE. CrrLA.MYDODERA CERVINIVENTRIS, Gould. "Male, J 1,1ne 30, 1891.
FERGUSSON ISLAND. p ARA.DISEID.iE.
PARADISEA DECORA, Salvin anil Goilman. Male in full plumage; female in full plumage.
NORMANBY ISLJL.~D. TRICIIOGLOSSID.iE.
Lonrus HYPENocnuoua, G. R. Gray. Male, immature; June 18, 1891.
TROUBRIANDS. CucuLID.iE.
LA.MPnococcn: P.iECILURUS, G. R. Gray. Male, iris brown; July, 1891.
BA.RTLE BAY. FALCONID.3!1.
UuosPIZIA.S POLIOCEPHA.Lus, G. R. Gray. Young male, June 15, 1891. MusciCAl'ID.l£.
97 }\;[ ITSCICA.PID.&.
Mu.unus 1\IORETONI, 1u. Similar to M. alboscapulatus, tiut the wings brown and the feet pallid. Head, back, upper surface of tail, and all beneath black, with a slight blue sheen on the upper
surface, duller beneath, and passing into brownish-black on the upper surface of the tail. Wing above and below pale greyish-brown; the hmermost secondaries and upper coverts sooty-brown, the former edged narrowly, the latter broadly, with black. Sc:tpulars white. Under wing-ctJverts white with black edges. Bill black; feet pale flesh-colour; iris brown. Total length, 120; wing, 45 0; tail, 51·0; gape, 14·0; culmen, 10·5; tarsus, 20·0. Male, June 15, 1891.
CAJIIPOPH.A.GID.&. LALA.GE l'RICOLOR, Swainson.. Male in immature plumage, June 12, 1891.
COLLINGWOOD BAY.
p .A.R.A.DISEIDE. M.umconu. ATR.A., Lesson. Male, July 18, 1891.
Gounin.&. Goun.A. vrcTORIE, Fraser. Adult male ; iris scarlet ; August 2, 1891. Failing to discover any sensible difference in colouring or dimensions between this bird and (}. victorim I. am constrained to believe that the species has a far more extended range than has hitherto been credited to it. Its occurrence at the east end of the island tends to strengthen the su!!picion that the distinguishing character of G. beccarii ia accidental.
GeckonidrJJ. GnrNODACTYLUB LOUISIADENSIS, n.s. Head much broader than the body, depressed, ovate; body convex; tail cylindrical, tapering. The hind limb protracted reaches the shoulder; digits moderately depressed at the base, strongly compressed beyond; basal phalanges with ten to eleven broad transverse plates. Rostra} oblong, nearly twice as long as high, with a median groove above. Nostril between rostral, first supralabial, a large supranasal, and several nasals. Labials 12/10, mental triangular entering between first pair of chin-shields which are in contact behind it. Head minutely granular, the granules larger on the snout and supraorbital regions; back finely granular with small smooth tubercles disposed mesially in longitudinal, laterally in oblique, rows, of which the former are the more regular; twenty-six rows in all, defined be11eath by a lateral fold on each side; tail above with larger flat granules and transverse rows of small tubercles at regular intervals along the basal half; below with the granules enlarging towards the mid line, which is broadly shielded by a series of transverse scutes; chin and throat minutely granular; breast and abdomen with larger flat imbricate cycloid scales. Above pale vinous grey with five broad dark-grey cross-bands becoming nearly black on their hinder edges, the first cross-band, V-shaped, running from eye to eye over the occiput; base of tail with broad nearly black rings, the intervals and the rest of the tail white; lower surfaces sordid white. Total length, 130; length of head, 18; breadth of head, 13·5 ; body, 36·0; fore limb, 20·0; hind limb, 26·6; tail, 76·0.
ScincidrJJ. HINULIA JODIENBIS, Meyer.? Numerous examples with the digits shorter, the black spots on the side of the neck and shoulder small and continued serially from head to tail-differences which do not seem to be more than varietal. EMOA CYANOGA.STER, Lesson. Moco.A. NOCTUA, Lesson. Mocoa ClERULEOCAUDA, n.s.
Body short, stout; tail slender; snout short, thick. Fronto·nasal broader than long, in sutural contact with rostral, equally so with frontal. Fronto- and interparietals fused. Parietals in sutural contact behind interparietal. One pair of large nuchals. Four supraoculars. Eight supraorbitals, the last minute. Fifth upper labial elongate, subocular. Ear-orifice much smaller than eye-slit, oval, vertical, with three minute lobules in front. Twenty-six smooth streaked scales round the body. Two pairs of preanals moderately enlarged. A dorso-lateral band from each supraciliary series inclusive, the sides of the neck, of the body, and base of tail black with brilliant metallic reflections, especially on the head. A vertebral band from rostral to base of tail, and a second from each supraorbital series inclusive becoming confluent on upper base of tail pale yellow, on the head darker and with golden reflections, and changing to blue on the hips; all the upper surface of the tail pure pale blue. Beneath pale shining bu:ff, under surface of tail pale sordid blue at the base, purer towards tip. Limbs fuscous black spotted with white, blue, and buff. Total length, 100·0; length of head, 9·0; width of head, 5·7; body, 28·0; fore tail, limb, 13·0; hind limb, 18·0; tail, 63·0. EMOA CYA.NOGABTER, Lesson. EMOA BAUDINII, Gray. Several examples of a seine which is very possibly only a local variety of this species, with which it agrees in structural chal'actel's, but not in colourmg. The upper and lateral surfaces are nearly black ; there is a broad but obscure pale vertebral line from the occiput to the base of the tail, and a narrower but brighter line along the flank. HETEROPUS FUSCUS, Dumeril ana Bibron.
OPHIDIA. ENYGRUS CARINA.TUS, Scltneirler.
MOUNT SUCKLING. LA.CERTILIA.
TILIQU.A. GIGAS, Schneider.
OPHIDIA. ACA.NTHOPHIS A.NTABOTICA., Sltaw; var. LlEVIS, lJlaclea!J.
APPENDIX DD.
99
APPENDIX DD.
IIEl\HPTERA COLLECTED IN BRITISH NEW GUINEA DURING 1890-91 UNDER THE AUSPICES OF HIS HONOUR THE ADMINISTRATOR.
By HENRY TRYON, Assistant Curator, Queensland Museum.
FAM. ARTJIROPTERTD.L"E. 1. Coptosoma amama, Walker. Cat. Hem. Heter. i. p. 93 (1869). Loc.: St. Jo~eph River, Hall
Sound (A. C. English); Rigi District (A. C. English); South Cape (T. H. Richard~) ; Chads BDY, Cloudy Bay, Glasgow Harbour, South Cape.
NoTR.-The examples from the St. Joseph River more nearly correspond with the type, as defined by Walker's description, than do those from the other localities meutjoncd. In the Soul h Cape spceimens the broad yellow streak on each side of the fore-border of the scut.ellum tends to become obsolete; each slreok being represented by a series of two or more spots only, or even by a single one. In specimens also from each of tbe three first-mentioned localities, the lnternl yellow stripes on the fore-border of the pronotum may be more or less broken up or invaded by inlets or islets of the prevailing blaek body-colour. Again, the yellow markings of the scutellum, in the form of small, irregular, sometimes anastomosing blotches, may be distributed over its entire surface, with the exception of its disc. 'l'hc "longitudinal lanceolate yellow streak" of the sentellum may also disappear.
2. Brachyplatys simplex, sp. nov. Above almost black, wiih a slight ::encous reflection, nitid; head and pronotum nearly impunctate, scutellum with very fine punctures; head with a few linear wriukles, directed outwards from the cenhal lobe. A narrow brown limb to prothorax, scutellum, and abdomen; a broader sub-mnrginalluteous line continuous along tlJC sides of the pronotum and scutellum, or interrupted at the posterior lateral angles of the former. Basal joint of the antennro, two spots ou head beneath-one on each side of the rostl'um when in repose, a narrow internally dentate sub-marginal line on the abdomen beneath, and a row of spots along the lille of the spiracles, yellow. Antennre and legs light fuscous. Corium, costa, and veinH of membrane of fore-wings fuscous; membrane itself with a faint brownish suffusion. Length, 4 to lines. Loc.: Fly River (W. l''roggatt).
3. Bracltyplatys paucifera, ·walker. Cat. Hem. Heter. i. p. 105. Loc.: Fly :River (Vi. W. Froggatt).
NoTE.-A single hemipteron from the above locality is referred to B. pauu(fera with some miFghinge. It would appear to be a larger msect than is the type, being 3} imtead of 3linc& in length. From the description also of 1Valkcr·s species it might reasonably be inferred that in it the he~d >YaS uniformly reneons black. In the .Fly River insect before us, on t.he other hand, the head has a broad lnteous band alonrr ito fore-border, including the dark-coloured central lobe and contiguous to a tramverse narrow yellow line behind the lat t~r.
4. Brach.lfplatys pusilla, sp. nov. .)Eileons pieeous beneath, nitid except thorax beneath, minutely punctured. Head nearly as broad as the thorax, Y"llow above and beneath, hind-bord('r abon•, the base of the middle lobe, and a more or le~>s distind clouded transverse band between the f\lre-border of the eyes, fuscous. Prothorax with three yellow lines, as follows :-(1) Bordering the autem-lah'ml angles ; (2) a deeply uudulating one behind the fore-border, but meeting it and the preel'ding line miJ\\'ay between the central point and the sides, passing direct to the centre of the lateral border, continued along it and then bordering the postero-lateral angles; and (B) a continuous arched line, appronehing X o. 2 behind the centre of the fore-border, continued to the hind-border which it l!leets just intemal to the postero-lateral angle. Scutellum conspicuously emarginate behind, the limb and a sub-marginal line yellow, with au intercepting impressed line separating them, also with a yellow band along the foreborder almost uniting with the sub-marginal line. Abdomen beneath with a yellow internaliy crenated border separated by a piceous line from a yellow internally deeply serrated interrupted hand of the same colour. Legs, yellow. Length, lin~>s. Loc. : Toko, J;'airfax Harbour.
NOTE.-Thc two specimens 011 which the abo1·c d~scription is based, may possibly bo rC'g:mlcd as illmlrating a Yaric!y of JJ. ruptilinea, Walker.
F AM. PENTATOMID.IE.
Sub-Jam. Scutelleridre. 5. Callip!tara Billardieri, Fabr. S. R., p. 129, 4 (1803). Variety. Loc.: Kibola. 6. Gallipharaedirnidiata, Dallas. Catalogue of Hemiptera, i. p. 2:1!, 8 (1851). Loc.: St. Joseph
Rh·er (A. C. English); Ferguson Island (A. C. English). NoTE.-Also occurs at Cu.pe York.
7. Calliphara (nobilis, Linn.)? Loc.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English); Sudest (B-7-91). NoTll.-To the above arc referred numerous e:s:nmples of a very l1nndsome insect which undoubtedly is comprised in
the very limited section of Callipllara, which includes this species. Howcvm·, Dumeril's dc~cription of C. nobilis, in the Dictionnaire des Sc·iences Naturelles, the onl,Y one available for refe1·ence, is too brief to suitably cha.ractcrisc tbc species, and therefore this idcntiflcution, as a conelnsiou bused on inadeql1ate evidence, may prove incorrect.
8. PMlia senator, }'abr; var. ermsus, Voll. Loo.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English). NOTE.-This variety, as well as the typical species, is also met with in :!'! orth-east Queensland, along the coast from
the Herbert River northwards. -
0. Philiajlammi_qera, Walker. Cat. Hem. Heter. i. p. 42. Loc.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English). ~0. Pltilia flamm(qera, Walker, var. One of the specimens from the St. J oseph :River and another
from R1gi present a distinct variation, having the portion of the pronotum behind the transverse fLLrrow black. The scutellum behind its furrow is also of the same coloLLr, but the prt in front of the furrow is green, with coppery reflections. Again, the black portion of the scutellum is interrupted by central and subapical faint coppery-red transverse bands.
English). Cat. Hem. Het. i. p. 127. Loc.: St. J oseph River (A. C.
NoTE.-A single specimen from the above locality presents nearly all the characters assigned by Walker t<J this species. It has, howt•ver, the head above brown with numerous green punctures, instead of being "black with four interrupted oclJreous lines." Both insects measure 41- lines in length.
12. Arma
100
1!. 4rma prasina, sp. nov. Dark-green, nitid, above thickly punctured, beneath impunctato except on hmd.er part of prothorax. Head above, except at the base and at the extremity of the middle ~obe, ?range With b~ack punctures, a black line along each lateral border in front of the eyes, also at the J~n?tron of the rmddle and side lobes; ocelli red nntcnnro with the l;;t joint green, the 2nd joint distmctly shorter than tl;u 3rd, arJd the latter than 4th; I'Ostrurn with its :!nd joint very long, being about eq~al to the fore-tibia. Prothoraeic spine;; well developed, stout, and directed slightly forwards, black, IVlth their bases behind tinged with orange. A callous spot on each side of prothorax behind the fo~e-border. Scutellum extending just beyond the inner angle of the corium-it and the corium umformly punctured. Membrane of fore-wings ;md its veins lig-ht-brown, a dark spot at its internal base. U1_1der surface luteous a~o~g the midLlle lino, gradually passing into the green of the margin. Femoral spm.es absent, the fore-tlbm being alone armerl, each with the small spine characteristic of the subfamily. :Mesosternum with a distinct keel not continued on to the metasternum. Basal abdominal segment with an inconspicuous tuberosity only. Length, 7 1; lines. Loc.: l!'ly River (W. W. Froggatt).
13 . .Asopus reciproca, Walker. Cat. Heter. Hem. ii. p. :H,o (1867). Loo.: Taputa, Chad's Bay. NOTE.-A single epceimen of an Asopus from the above loculity rliJTers from thl' type of StracMa reciproca as defined
by Walker by the absence of the w!Jitish disc on t.ltc• ah<lomt•n bmc•ath. BtnYevcr, some of the bands which occur on the hinder borders of each st•gm~nt are somewlmt wicl;•nt•rl in the <'entre and if this feature were CJGL"gcrated the condition met with in the type >Tould rc:mlt.
1 "·
14. :fsopus .qlauco-limbata, sp. nov. Black shining, very finely punetured. Head, a spot occupying each posteriOr lateral angle of prothorax and extending narrow J y forwards along the side to the fore- border, the extreme base of fore-wing, a spot in the cell of the corium and a large spot extending across the base of the scutellum, and outer third of middle and hind-femora orange. Membrane of fore-wings dark piceous. Bucculi, coxro, trochanters, and mcwsternal lteel light-green. .An inwardly dentated band along each side of the abdomen beneath glaucous green. A callous on each side of fore-border of prostethimn yellow. :First and second joints of rostrum legs and two basal joints of antenure yellowishbrown. Two terminal joints of rostrum and antmmm beyond lmse of third joint piceous. Sides of prothorax nanowly reflected, a narrow low ridge along its ~mterior border. ~{csosternum with a low well-defined keel. Antennre with the second joint only slightly exceeding the third. Rostrum with the second joint nearly as long as the third ltncl fourth together. L'Jngth 4} lines. Loc.: 'l'aputa, Chad's Buy.
15. Oermatulus pulclter, sp. nm·. Ovate, somewhat flattened above, very convex beneath. Head and pronotmn obsoletely punctured. Scutellum aud corium finely and ~hallowlv so. Bright red, nitid. Head: a baud along the fm·e-border of the pronotum, and n large sub-rotund sp~t occupying the hinder hal~ of its disc; a large_ spot in the centre of the corium of Lh~ fore-wings, ext~nding from side to side and thmr membranes; portwns of the pro- meso- and meta-stethmm; a spot on the 3rd, 4th, and 5t1I ventral segments, internal to the spiracles, steel-blue, with purple reflections. Eyes, antennro, rostrum, and legs piceous. A band on each side of the head beneath internal to the eyes luteous. Eyes prominent; head wide, with the eeutrallobe narrow and excavated, and the lateral ones with oblique transverse striro; ocelli red; antennre rather slender, 2nd joint slightly longer than the 3rd, and 4th longer than either, basal joint extending a little beyond head; antennary tubercles unarmed; rostrum not quite extending to the hind-border of the mcut-thorax; 2nd and 3rd joints snbcquul; bucculi very low, not hiding the 1st joint of the rostrum except at its exb·eme base. Pronotum with a small tooth at each anterior lateral angle, the fore-border and the lateral borders narrowly reftectetl. Scutellum triangular, narrowed before the extremity and extending just beyond the internal angle of the corium. Corium of fore-wings with the hind-border scarcely sinuate, apical angle acute. ConnccHvnm extending beyond fore-wings-the latter also exceeding the body. A dull :finely wrin'kled space in front and behind each excretory orifice on thorax beneath. }'emora unarmed. 'fibiro long and chunnelled throughout their entire length externally. Length, 9 lines; breadth, 6 lines. Lac.: Fly River (W. W. ]'roggatt).
Var. a., Whole under surface of thorax red. Var. f3. Pronotum, except at posterior lateral angles, wholly steel-blue.
piceous, eyes red ; beneath roneous, brown, shining, u broad brownish white band bordering the ventral segments, the acetabular swellings also light-coloured. Head with the lateral lobes anteriorly rounded, slightly exceeding central lobe so us to cause a shallow emargination. Rostrum extending to the hind border of the second ventral segment, tip black. Autennre puberulent, first joint not quite reaching the fore-border of head, second, third, and fourth joints subequal-tbR second, however, being slightly less than the third. Tl1e anterior lateral angles of the prothorax each with a blunt tooth. .The callous spots at the basal angles of the scutellum piceous. Legs pubescent, with brown spots especmlly numerous on the femora; tibiro ch~tunelled on their outer surfaces. Fore-wings with the membrane suffused with light-brown, i1s veins pale-brown al::;o. Length, lines. Loc.: St. Joseph River (W. W.l!'roggatt); I"aloki River; Fairfax Harbour.
NOTE-This imect, which also occurs at Ct1ims, N.E. Q.tleensland, is probably referable to the genus Oncocoris, Mayr. (vid., Voy. Novara. Hemiptcr::t); it also seems allied to, Pentatoma ma.'!"ginalis, 'Valker (Cat. Hem. Heterop. ii., p. 306). It is, however, larger than the latter, the nbdomcn is not bordered by testaceous nor are the legs testaceous. Moreove1·, the transverse ridge connecting the poBteriot• laterulunglcs of the thorax is pronounced, and there are indications :lf a light·coloured line along it.
17. Pentatoma maculifer, sp. nov. Above ameous black, shining, the prothorax and seutellum sparsely and shallowly punctured. Anterior border of pronotum narrowly and lateral borders broadly indefinitely luteous; abdomen above steel-bluo; corium or fore-wings dark-brown, with a large luteous spot occupying the disc; membrane pellucid, with a faint•brownish tinge, its veins light-brown, beneath light-piceous, with lnt:o.us s:pots-scarc~ly disth;tc~~at the ~ides of the abdomen. Antennre yellowi~hbrown, with the last JO!llt fu8cous, their first JOmts extendmg beyond the head; the second and third joints subequal. Prothorax, wit~ out tooth at each anterior l~teral an~le, also without punctures on _its hinder half; a transverse dense hne of shallow punctmes behmd the fore-border; scutellum extendmg backwards as :far as outer angle of corium, yellowish-coloured towards its extremity; legs yellowishbrown; tibire channelled on their outer surfaces. Length, 6t lines. Fly River (W. W. Froggatt).
18. Pentatoma
101
18. Pentatoma prasina, sp. nov. Grn.ss-rrreen li~hter beneath; eyes and abdomen above intemal to the connexivum red; third, fourth, and fifth joi~1ts of the antenna:, rostrum, terminal joints of tarsi reddishyellow; tip of scutellum vellow; terminnl bm1d on third, fourth, and one toward~ tip of fifth antennal joints, tip of rostrum, punctures on clavus of corium those on cell, a3 well as a large spot contiguous to its outer border, a broad outwnrrll;r narrow.3 d ill-.le!lncd lnml 11L base of membrane and apex of abdomen above fuscous; corium with efrwm; and all nTam-colourer! (•wmetime;; r;'d), its embolium light-green. Punctured above and beneath, except at the sitlc~ of tlw uwso- an•l mcta-thorax; rostrum extendin~ to hind-border of basal abdominal its se•.·on~l jtJint little lotwet· than its third. Scutclinm extending beyond intemal angle of corium; cmmcxivum fro:n blL~al abtlZmin:.l baekw::tds uncovered. Length, 4 to 4} lines. Lac.: Laloki Hi 1·er.
NoTE.-It is with some cliilidPJWC that. 11tis imed .. ll'l1ich Ot.TllrS Rlso in A.ustrali><, from Cairns to l\Loreton Ilay, is regarded uo< a new speei;!S. The ~harnctcrs, h:;"·erel', which ir. pr,'st'nts do not seem. to accord with thoe<: assignetl to nny of the recorded species of 1-his genus.
19. Eysarcoris a./finis, Dallas. Cat. !Iemip., p. 227. Loc.: 'roko, }'airfax Harbour; and Rigi (A. C. English).
Non:. The examples of .EIJsarcoris whil'l1 arc 1Am·rcd to thig Th?ir l7ngth is generally less tlmn in the crrse of .E. af!i,tis, and the whJCh 1s not noted as occurring in the latter insect.
m<tJ pos:>ibly, howc.-cr, represent a distinct one. lu1s decided purplish metallic rcilectious, a feature
20. Eysarcoris megaspiloides, sp. nov. Dm·k fuscous, shining-, thickly and coarsely punetured. Anterior la,teral borders and a centrally callous b:mcl nero!'l~ the disc of prothorax, an isohtted broad band on each Bide of tlw scutellmn at its base au,l .c ereo~e(•ntic h:md towards its lcpex, the costal margin of the corium at its base, an ill-defiued patch 011 the pro- :ml mosostethiu;n and the external angle of the metastethium, the connexivurn antl side-s of tlw abdomen bcmeath vdlowish-white. The cell of the corium of fore-wings and the dark ;;peeldcd legs y0llowi~h-brown. A(l irrr.gular b;tnd on the femora and the last tarsal joints fuscous. Head blaeki~h witl1 purplish refleetion8, b11t without longitudinal tawny streaks. Ro,trum aml antennm as in E. mr:J{npilus, \\Talk. Abdomou beneath uniformly coloured. Length, 2 to 2~ lines. Loc.: Toko, F;;irfax llarb,mr; and Rigi (A. C. :gnglish).
21. Accarana metallica, Distant. Tr. Ent. Soc., I~oml., 1888, pt. iv., p. 478. Loc.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English); Rigi District (A. C. Eng1ish); and Dedcle, Cloudy Bay.
22. Ll.llocotus sayeri, Dist. Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1888, iv., p. 4'77, pl. xiii, fig. 1. Loc.: Toputa Cloudy Bay.
23. Pcecilomelis, sp. IJight piceous or dark reddish-brown, the second joint o£ antenna red, the third joint except at its proximal end fuscous; third joint rather more than twice the length of the second. Length, 8 lines. Loc.: South Cape (T. II. 1-!ichards).
NoTE.-This species, which is allied to an insect at. the A.lice River, Queensland, is probably amongst the namber of already described ones. The publishPd characters of m1Ymbcrs of this difficult genus, howevcJ', do not appear to be sufficiently dist.inctive to enable its identity to be e'tab1ishl'tl. It lvu the usnallh0 linrs on the scntellum and corium. The central line on the bead is, however, only shortly continued on to the thorax, l1Ud the abdomen beneath ha.s a lutcotts border.
24. Spudceus vat·iabiUs, sp. nov. JYf<•l'C or less pubescent, light-brownish yellow; thickly and rather coarsely punctured, except beneath where the punctures are restricted to the thorax: punctures brown. A spot behind each eye, a band between the c·ye and the origin of the antenna, ant! continuous beyond the latter, green. The spines of the tl1omx, a lin0 along the outer surfaee of the first antenna] joint, the distal portions of the other joints, the tip of the rostrum, tlie anterior portion of the margin of each abdominal segment above, a broad spiracnlar band--extending forwanl to the propectus--ou the abdomen beneath, and a line on each side of the outer surface of the tJbim fuscous. 1fcmbranc o£ the fore-wings su:ffusecl with light-brown with its veins fuscous. A few lJiccous spots on femora. "1\ ntonnm with the relative lengths of the second and third joints variable (the second joint ma_r cqun.l two-thil'ds of the thircl, but is usually less). The rostrum exten(ls backwanls to t1m hind-border of iho third abdominal segment. Protborax with its sides bluntly toothed or crenated. The scntellum extends backwards beyond the inner angle of the corium, and is narrowed in front o:E its light-coloured tip. Length, 9-10 lines. Lac.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English); Rigi District (A. C. English); and L:1loki River.
XoTE.-(a) In addition to the examples )ll'C'rn!ing t],c a1wre eh:rr.rdcrs, there a::e specimens which arc more or less suffused with testaceous, Uw eOJ•iam of the fo,·c-wing,; appe<Ll'ing reel by iranswit.tcd light; thoro may ulso be a spot of green punctures on each side of the pronotum in front; the pronot.11m lllw way haTe five (more or le>s) well-defined fuscous bands on its disc, and there may be a fmcous spot on each eid,, of: 1 be scut ell mu at the base of the l:lt!eJ•; the ahr1omen may al~o be uniformly light-coloured withotlt spiracnlar band. (b) Possih!_v two species may be included in the above description, and distinguished by the shape which the cxtremit.v cf each lateral lobe of the head prc:scu!.,, bein;; either sub-angular or rounder. It seems, however, that wo havo here to deal \l'it h a sexual and t'O sccom1ary character.
X OTE,-The X tlW Guinea examples of this speeiL'S appear to eonsttmlly vary from those occurring in Quecnslaml (e.,q., at Cairns). The latter have the four <iundrnLo black spot>• on the prothorax mc>ntionecl by Guerin--Revuc Zoologiquc, i1·., 2G2, ii. (1841)---whcrel1s in the insc~ts nnd<·r observation lo1e two spot;; on each side of tha disc are united.
Sub-fam. TtJssaratamidce. 26. Lyramorpha diluta, StaL Tram;. Eut. Soc., ],ol1!l., ser. 3, vol. i., p. 598, 18G3. Lac.: Si.
Joscph River (A. C. English); Rigi District (A. C. English). NoTE.-The upper surface of the abclomPn is palr-Yiolet. with a silky lusire.
27. L_yramm·plw maculifeJ', sp. no,-. Light-bruwn, the corium of iho clylra more or less su:ffusea wii11 red; a broad ban<l of punctures along the hintl border of the pronotnm, awl a large round spot just within the inner angle o£ the cm·ium ; a t1lnall pale luteous area in front of the spot of corium; abdomen above with light-green reflections: oitles of abdominal segment~ and of triangular lateral anal lobes without trace of serrulatlons; tl1cse lobe" lon:.;er than in L. diluta, Stal, and directed upwards. Seventh abdominal segment of male with the hiud border slightly concave, out without central emargination, its lateral angles producecl into stout blunt teeth. .!Hale, 9-5 lines; female, 10-5 lines. Loc.: Kiwai, Fly mver; and 'l'oko, Fairfax Harbour.
NOTE.-Readily distiuguishccl from L. dilda L. ~·osea, \Ves!\V.) by the rtbsem·c of scrmla!ions on the sides of the abdominal segments; from L. dila/(t Rlso 1hc tcr:llllml abclomin·•l sPgmcnt of the J:'ale and. by its smaller size. It may p1·ove to be the L. Vot~ulwoi·i, St:tl ·, '"'" Lnl ,,,,, :!. il. p. 121, 1867), whir·lL 1" alw a Xe<7 Gu~nc.tm,(•r·t. The desvriphoil of this :;prcies is nvl, lnw0>;-e;·, rr:c-c"[bie fer r,•f'cc~nee.
28. Agapophyfl';
102
28. Agapoplt.vta bipwu:tata, Boisd. Voy. de l' Astrol., Ent. ii., p. 626, pl. ii., fig. 5, 1835. Lac.: South Cape ('r. H. Richards); Kibola · Taputa, Chad's Bay; Toko, Fairfax Harbour; St. Aignan (5-7-91); Laloki River. ' ~
. 29. Oncomeris .flavicarn£1!, Burm. Handb. ii., 1, p. 353, 1835. Loc.: St. Joseph River (A. C. Engbsh); Fergusson Island (A. C. English); Kiwai, Fly River (A. C. English) .
. 30. Plistkenes nun'irtnce, Fabr. Lac.: Rigi District (A. C. English); Fergusson Island (A. c. Enghsh); Sudest (3-7-91).
F.I.M. CIMICIN.A..
Sub:fam. Dinidarince. 31. Megymenum tlentatum, Boisd. (ap. cit) Lac. : St. Joseph River (A. C. English).
. . ~2 .. Me,qymenum in.sulare, ~Ve~tw. H~pe. Cat. Hem. 26. Loc. : St. ,J oseph River (A. C. English); R1g1 District (A. C. English); Knva1, Fly R1ver (A. C. English); Laloki River; Toko, Fairfax Harbour.
Nonr.-1'he 8pecimens of .iJ,I. insulare from tho above localities are quite similar in appearance to the common Qu_eensh1nd 2fle[J;Irmenum, and do not even_ exhibit the slight features by which the two New Guinea species--M. atflne, Boml., and "1£. affine, Montr.-are, accordmg to Stal (vid. Kong. Sv. Vct-Akau. Bo.nd 9 No. 1 pp. 87 88 Stockh 1870) distinguished from the A. ustralian imect. ' ' ' ' ' · '
l!'nr. LYGxmAJ.
:33. Llstacops anticus, Walk. Hem. Heter. v., p. 35 (1872). Lac. : Laloki River; Chad's Bay. 1'i OTE.-Th_e speci;nens-·one only from ea.c~ of t!Je abo:re localities-exhibit a broad red bttnd crossing the corium of
the elytm and apiCal third of the seutellum. 1lu;; charaeter IS nut referred to by Walker as being present in the type of ..d. antu·us. It may therefore happen that we lmve to deal het•e with a species distinct from it.
34. Astacaps, sp. Loc.: St. Aignan. 35. Astacaps, sp. Loc.: Cloudy Bay. 36. Ly_qceus tlispar, Walk. Hem. Het. v., p. GO (1872). Loc.: Kiwai, Fly l{iver (A. C. English);
Toko, Fairfax Harbour.
37. Ly_qceus pacificus, Boisd. Voy. de l'Astr., Ent. ii. p. 639, pL 11., fig. 20 (1835). Loc.: Kiwai, :Fly River (A. C. English).
F AM. PYRil.liOCORJDAJ.
Sub;[am. Largince.
38. Ph,ysapelta _gutta, Burm. Handb. II. i. p. 285, 9 (1835). Loc.: Kibola. No:l'E.~Occurring also in Queensland (Cape York to Brisbane).
Sub:fam. Pyrrkocm·intZ. 39. Dindymus pyrrkochrous, Boisd. Voy. de l'Astr. Ent. II. p. 612, 3, pi. 11., fig. 9 (1835).
Lac.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English); South Cape; Taputa, Chad's nay. NoTE.-It is submitted that D. decisus, ·walker, will prove identical with this species.
40. Dindymul!, sp. Loc.: Tolw, Fairfax Harbour; Laloki River. 41. Dinrlymus, sp. Loc.: St. Aignan. 42. Dindymus, sp. Loc.: Rigi and N ormanby Island. 43. D.vsdercus crucife1', Stal. K. Yet.-Akad. Handl. Band. 9, No. I. p. 118 (lR70). Lac.: Fairfax
Harbour; Glasgow Harbour. NOTE.-'l'his insect occurs as far eo!:th in Quccnslanu as Maekay. Notwithstanding its larger dimensions, D. papuensis,
Distant, must be a closely allied insect.
44. Dysdercus cingulatus, }'abr. Syst. Ent. p. 719 (1775). Loc.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English); Rigi District (A. C. English); South Cape ('1'. H. Itichards); Dufaure Island; .St. Aignan's.
NoTE.-Evidcntly, in these localities at least, a species of common occurrence.
4G. Dysde1'CUS simplex, Distant. Trans. Ent. Soc. r,ond., 1888, p. 485. Lac.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English).
46. Dysdercus sitlce, l\Iontr. et Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. r,er. iv., 1, p. 68 (1861). Loc. : Rigi (A. C. English).
:NoTE.---Identical with a common Quccnshnd insect whicl1 is usually referred to this 8pecies.
<t7. Dystlercul!, sp. Loc.: Kiwai (A. C. English). 48. Melamphaus ci1•cunulatus, Walker. Cat. Hem. Heter., vi., 1873, p. 16. St. Joseph River
(A. C. English) ; Fergusson Island (A. C. English). 4!). Melamphaus, ap. Female: Bhtch: with dark steel-blue reflections. Pro thorax posterior to the
hinder transverse suture and on the sides-lloth above and beneath, corium, and abdomen, red. Membrane light orange. Scutellum with the tip and narrow reflexed margin luteous. Apical angles of corium crossed by a narrow fuliginous bar. _Posterior bor~er o,f pro- nnd meso-I?e?tus whitish. Ro_strum extendino- to hind-border of second abdominal ~;egment, 1ts hrst and second JOmts :mbequal, th1rd rather less th~n second. Antennre uniformly black; the npieal joint clothed with greyish pubescence; first joint equal to prothorax ~nd m~ch longer than either third or fo~rtl1, second Io:J~CI'. th~n third. Fore~ femora with the two sub-ap1eal spmes well developed. Length, S hnes. Lac.: R1g1 D1stnct (A. C. Enghsh).
N OTE.-'.rhe solitary example from \vhicb the above characters are derived, does not appear to correspond with the definition of any species hitherto described.
F .A.M. Co:sEID.iE.
Sub:fam.. Coreince. 50. Mietis prafana, Fabr. S.R. p. 211, 3B (1803). Lac.: St. J oseph River (A. C. English); South
Cape (T. H. Richards); l~igi District (A. C. English); Kiwai, Fly River; Fergusson Island (A. C. English); Laloki River; Toko, Fairfax Harbour.
NOTll.-The New Guinea insects are identical in appearance with thoec from Queensland, which the writer l1as been wont to regard as M. profana, _Fab~ •. H?we:er, none of t~e Q.ueensland or New Guinea examples bav~, in t:I1e :nalesex, the "tibiis posiic-is pone dentem sHnphc;bus' (!Stal), there bemg a number of small, naiTow, blunt teeth m th1s situatJOn. In some of the South Cape examples, and in tl1e t~·o specimens from Laloki :River, the luteons marking of the corium of the hemelytra is con:6ned to a 11arrow line adjoining the base of the membrane.
NOTli.-Apparently identical with examples of Plernistria from Cape York, but females only are available from the latter locality for comparison.
52. Mycillus e:eplicatus, Distant. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, 4, p. 481, pl. xiii. fig. 11. Loc.: St. Aignan, 5-7-91 (male); Cloudy Bay (female) ; J,aloki River (male and female).
NOTE.-The examples from the Laloki River differ from the type in being of smaller dimensions. Moreover, ~ne cannot be quite certain tha.t the specimens from the two first-mentioned localities are corrcc!l,v referable to the sam~ spec1_es. In the figure illustrating W. L. Distant's description a stout tooth appears at the external base of the .rosterwr t1bue. 'fhis is evidently an embodiment of the artist's idea of the fitness of things. Mycillus, it is submitted, will ultnnately be included in Pternistria.
53. Priocnemicoris albithora:e, Boisd. Voy. Astr. Ent. 2, p. 635, pl. 11, fig. 13, 1835. Loc.: Fly River (Froggatt).
54. Priocnemicori.s, sp. Loc. : Laloki and Cloudy Bay. NoTE.-This second species of Priocnemicoris i8 represented by two males only. In it the b;illiant metallic gre_en,
which P. albitkorax exhibits upon the upper surface, gives place to purple blue reflections, an reneous glimmer only appearmg upon the scutellum.
55. Brackylybas (?), sp. Loc.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English). . . 56. Sciophyrus inermis, Stal. A. S. E. Fr. (4) v. 184. Loc.: Tolw, Faufax Harbour; l'hlne Bay
(C. Hedley); St. Joseph River (A. C. English); Rigi (A. C. English). . . NOTE.-The above insect. may prove to be the L,l(bas fascipts of Walker; 1f the latter-as 1s suspcctc{l-be a
Sciopkyrus, and have in the female t•he sixth ventral segment entire. 57. Leptoglossus membranaceus, Fabr. Spec. 2, p. 351,79 (1781). Loc.: Toko, Fairfax Harbour.
NoTE.-The specimens from the above locality agree with examples of L. membranaceus from North-east Queensland (Cairns, Cardwell, Johnstone River). It is probable that Montrouzier's AnisotceUs bidentatus will prove to be but a local variety of this widely ranging species.
58. Amorbus robustus, Mavr. Verh. E. b. Ges. Wien, 15, p. 432 (1865). Loc. : Fergusson Island (A. C. English). " .
59. Oletomorpha alter11ata, Dallas. List. Hem. p. 495 {1852). Loc.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English).
NoTB.-In addition to the above·mentioned members of this sub-family there m-e, occurring amongst the St. Joseph River Hemiptera, two other species which are also inch1ded in it. Their systematic position cannot, however, at present be further elucidated.
Sub-jam . .Alydina. 60. Riptortus annulicornis, Guer. Voy. Coq. Ins. p. 177, pl. 12, fig. 11 (1830). Loc.: South
Cape (T. H. Richards); Rigi District (A. C. English); Fairfax Harbour; Cloudy Bay; and Chad's Bay. NoTE.-Single specimens ooeur from each of the last-mentioned localities. These may represent a distinct species.
61. Nolipkus papuensis, Stal. Ann. S. E. Fr. ('t) v. p. 185, i. (1865). Lor..: British New Guinea (C. Hedley).
62. Marcius _qenerosus, Stal. Loc.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English); Taputa, Chad's Bay. NoTB.-Identical with examples of this species obtained at Cairns, North-east Queensland.
N OTE.-The insects from the above locality represent a species of large dimensions (males 6 line~ and femalt•s 7 to 7} lines in length), and enter the section· of the genus which Dr. Stal has formed for the in elusion of the above speeie,; alone (vid. Kong. Sv. V~>t-Ak., Hnndb. ii., 2, p. 995 (1872). W. L. Distant has r~eorch•d S. fa$cicollis, \Vallr., from the Port Mores by District ( L•id. Trnns. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1888, p. 4'l2).
FAllf. ARADIDJE.
H4. Brach!frh,yneltus, sp. Four examples included in the small section of the genus which contains B. membranaceus and B. orientalis; but the means for the precise determination of the species represented are not yet to hand. Loc.: East Cape (C. Hedley); Normanby Island.
F AM. REDUVIIDJE.
65. Helonotus se:espinosus, Fabr.; var. a, Stal. Kongl. sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd. 12, No. I, p. 16 (1874). Loc. : St. J oseph River (A. C. English).
66. Pristhesanchus dorycus, Boisd. Voy. Astrol. Ins. 2, p. 611, 2, pl. i1., fig. 22 (1835). Loc. : St. J oseph River (A. C. English).
NoTB.-The four examples referred to this species illustrate its variable nature, already alluded to hy Stal (op. cit., p. 17.) In the case of one of two female insects, the thorax and post-ocular portion of the head are pale chestnut. In Ulll.t of t.wo males, ~he same ~olou~ prevo.ils in these regions, aud also at the apex of the corium; but the heacl {including the rostrum) anter1or to the msertJon of the antennre, tne tubercles on the fore· lobe of the pronotum, and the venter arc yellowish· white. Possibly, however, the latter two insects represent a distinct species. They measure but 15 mm. in length.
67. Eua,qoras dorgcus, Boisd. V oy. Astr. Ins. 2, p. 645, pl. ii., fig. 21 (1S35). Lac. :- St .. J oseph River (A. C. English); Milne Bay (C. Hedley); St. Aignan (5-7-1891); Taputa,Chad's Bay; and Roko.
NoTII.-The New Guinea representatives of this species ngrce in every particular with examples from Cairm, Northeast Queensland.
GS. Pol.vdidus armatissimus, Stal. O.V.A.F., 1859, p. 376, i. Loe.: Fergusson Island (A. C. English). NeTE.-Stal records the occurrence of this insect in the Philippine Islands, in China, and Ccylon. The Queensland
Museum possesses an example also from Herbcrton, North·east Queensland.
69. Velitm ·marginata, Signoret. Ann. del. M us. Civ. di. St. N at. vol. xv. 1880, p. 544. Loc.: St. Joaeph River (A. C. English); Laloki River; Fairfax Harbour.
70. Sastrapaila novteguinen.~is, sp. nov. Ji'elnale: Allied to the common Queensland species, S. australica, Stal; but thus disting~ished therefrom. S. novteguinensis is relatively narrower, with more elongated legs; the prothorax 1s much longe~; the postero-lateral angles support sharp-pointed tubercles; there are small teeth present on that portion of the outer wall of each fore Rcetabulum which extends as ridge to the hinder margin of the prostethium ; there are three or four ill-defined lirrbt fuscous vittre along the sides of the head and thorax, instead of the single fuscous vitta alonrr each side" of the prostethium. The two sub-contiguous vittre on the venter are also replaced by cent~ally·situated spots, one on the anterior border of each segment. Length, 7! lines; breaclth, 1 line. Loc.: f'errrusson Island (A. C. English). 71. Gerris
104
FAlL HYDROJJA.TID..E. 71. Gerris, sp. Loc.: St .• Toseph River (A. C. English).
Non.-A single specimen, with the colouration very similar to that of Gerri.• ( Tenagogonus) fluviorum, Fabr., but presenting larger dimensions-being eight lines in length.
Fur. N A.t;CORIDE.
72. Belostoma indica, St. I<'argean, et cad. :Enc. X., 272, &c. Loc.: St. J oseph River (A. C. English); Fergmson Islar-d (A. C. English). .
'73. Diplonyclms rudicu.~, Stoll. Pun. 36, pl. 7, fig. 6, &c. Loc.: St. Joseph River (A.. C. English)
FAM. N EPID..E.
7,:1, N~'pa trisfis, Stal. Ofv. K. Y. Ak. Forh., xi., 241. Loc.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English). The single specimen from the above locality is very similar to the common species of Queensland, which has been also referred to .N. tristis. In the New Guinea in~ect, however, the sides of the abdomen are unusually convex, giving this rart of the body a widened appearance.
75. Ranatra ?:aripes, Stal. Ofv. K. Y. Ak. Forh., xviii., 203. Loa.: St. Joseph River (A. C. English). NorE.--Stal rec.ords the species as occurring in Java.
7G. Ranatra .filiform1:s, :Fabr. Loe.: St .• Toseph River (A. C. English). NoTE.-Not to be distinguished from Queensland examples of this speci(•s.
N.B.-(1.) The types of the lle\Y species repose in the Insect Depattmcnt of the Queensland Museum. (2.) When received ll('n.rly all the specimens had been long immersed in spirits of wine, and this had exerted its usual effects upou fugacious colours. (!3.) 'l'he line is regarded as the equivalent of two millimetres.
APPENDIX EE. NOTES ON THE LAUGHLAN ISLANDS, BY l'rfR. WII,RELM TETZLAFF.
The J.aughlan Group consists of seven small islands. The land is very poor, so that with the exception of the cocoanut little else will thrive. The population is thus mostly dependent for their subsistence on fish and other marine produce. All of the islands are to a great extent covered by cocoanut trees, most of which are converted into copra, which is the principal article of trade of these islands, and wherein the natives are great experts. There a,re at present about sixty-two families, consisting of about 240 souls, distributed over the group. There is no actual chief recognised by the whole of the population; but as a rule three or four families build together and choose one of the oldest men as the chief. There is also a house in each of the small villa~es set apart for the dead, also for the new-born.
The principal articles of diet are cocoanuts and fish. The latter are mostly caught with nets or else dammed off and then taken when the tide recedes. 'l'here are also a few pigs kept on the islands, but they are only killed at feasts or burials. Most of their food is roasted or boiled. As the islands are enfringed by numerous reefs, they are naturally the haunt of large lobsters, crayfish, fish, shells, and other marine animals, of which they are very fond, and which constitute a large proportion of their diet. Of course this is only during fine or moderate weather; otherwise they devote the largest part of their time to smoking and sleeping. · Yams, breadfruit, sweet potatoes they trade from Woodlark Island. They usually start from the
end of November with the south-east, and return about the end of December with the north-west monsoons; then there is a big feast for about fourteen days, in which time as a rule all the food brought over is consumed. Then they return to their previous mode of living till the following year. The only break in their monotonous life is the arrival of a ship.
There is always a great uproar in the community at a death of any of them, when all the people collect together and sing and cry all night. The corpse is brought to the dead-house and left there for five or six days. The neare1<t relation3 take watch and watch over the corpse; when it begins to putrify they wipe the sweat and otber matter which oozes from the dead body an(l smear themselves all over with it. As a rule the body remains. there until is is completely decomposed. Then the body is buried for over a month and then exhumed, and the head and all the bones carefully put together and buried in the bush.
CHILD·BrRTH.
If a young woman is pregnant she remains with her husband till labour begins, and then is removed to the place set apart for confinements. The young woman has then to drink a large quantity of water bespoken by the sorcerer ; then they believe that labour will be modified to a great extent. During all this time she is strictly watched by her relations and friends.
When the confinement is about to take place a part of a cocoanut tree is brought; the woman has to sit on it, and birth takes place in the usual course. Sometimes it does happen, though, that the mother suffers great pain, and it does not unfrequently happen that the mother kills the child on these occasions. The people surrounding her show little or no sympathy with either ; but should everything have gone off satisfactorily the woman has to remain about eight days in the house till the navel-string is dried U:{l· Then they make a laTge fire round the house, which almost suffocates both mother and infant. After th1s all the relations of both husband and wife gather together and bring presents; then the fea~ts begin, and continue for two days. The husband comes to the house and the couple are rubbed well over with cocoanut oil, and then deck themselves with native ornaments and beads, and then are presented to the gathering. Of course this only tabs place on the occasion of tlw firstborn, as the eldest always takes the father's place at his death.
Sometimes it happens also that single girls get enceinte; then they often resort to abortion. This is done in the following manner :-The girl goes to her mother, or some other old woman who practices witchcraft. The girl has to lay on her back, nnd the woman presses in the direction of the womb till it almost gives a loud report, when as a rule the child is killed. But thi01 practice is not only done by single girls, but by young married women also who dread the pains connected with childbirth.
CLASSIFIC.ATION
105
CLASSIFICATION OF NATIVES .
.As there are seven different islands so there are also seven different communities, which they call Kuhms; they consist of the following :-1, Meres; 2, Schnauis; 3, Lekusis; 4, Kumuro; 5, Kunithau, 6, Fretock; 7, Labes. If ever a disturbance occurs, which not ?Jlfrequently happens-between .two ~r three of the villaaes, the others look on or make peace. In marnage they seldom or never marry m their own village, but from any of the other six villages.
The father has nothing to do with the children ; they belong to the mother. Should the father die all his belongings, such as cocoanut tree~, etc., go to hiR relations; the children or m_other get nothing. Should the mother die the ehlldren and relations divide, while the husband gets nothmg. The same law holds good for Woodlark Island and for the Tro~rian~s. . · ..
Similar to civilised people, the Laughlan Islanders beheve m 3: ftttur~ state. They ~so beheve the sp1~t of their deceased friends or relations go to "W artheum a small1sland m the Trobriands Group. This is supposed to be the native paradise, as they have no work to do-onlyeat, drink, and sleep, ~hich seems to be the things most appreciated by them. There is also supposed t~ live an old woman m Wama~~· another small island who is said to sleep six days out of seven. Sometimes she goes to W artheum to visit her parents. When' she returns to the Laughlan Islands she often describes how pretty it is there, and she wished to remain in \V artheum ; but her parents would not allow her, and tell her to return to her husband and family.
SPORTS.
In the time when most of the canoes leave for Woodlark Island those left behind-principally the women-devote their time to various amusements. 'l'he principal of these is to make a great sandliill on the beach in the moonlight ; then they sit on it and sing and defy the men to pull them off.
At first the latter· do not respond but by-and-by they appear one by one, and make a sim1lar sandhill. Of course the numbers must be equal on either side; then both sides begin to sing ; suddenly one of the men makes a dash and seizes one of the women ; then all her companions try to rescue her ; the men also go to assist their side. A general wrestling then begins, which usually ends in someone being more or less seriously injur.ed. This amusement from a European point of view is not very interesting, but seems to be the favounte pastime.
SEA-WATim.
Sea-water seems to play a great part in the preparation of their food, as they do not understand the mode of extracting the salt from the water. They also use it as aperient medicine, etc. The stomach seems to be the seat of all ailments. For instance, if the husband and wife have a slight discussion, both of them have to drink salt water until their dispute is settled. When a woman is enceinte she is also to drink a large quantity of it, as it is supposed to strengthen the child. No' one is believed to die a natural death unless he is killed ; if one shoUld die through sickness he is certainly supposed to have been bewitched, and mostly the old women are credited with it, as they are supposed to enter the body and bite the intestines with their teeth, or else put a stone in the stomach. Should one get seriously sick all the friends and relations meet together and make an infernal noise to drive away the evil spirit. On these occasions the dogs and children join in, w bile the men throw spears in all directions and the sick man goes " bung."
They are also very superstitious as regards dreams ; what they dream of at night they firmly believe will take place. They are very frightened of death in spite of the happy times held out to them at Wartheum. Should anyone have toothache or headache he has to hold a piece of tortoiseshell in his mouth until he is relieved. Stomachaches and headaches are also supposed to come from the stomach ; in those cases an old woman is generally called in to extract the stone. The first proceeding .is to chew betelnut, the next to pass a charm over the spot; then the old woman gently passes her hand over the painful part, and usually on the third or fourth movement a stone falls from her hand. To expose this has been a difficult matter, as no one was willing to come forward to dispute it. ,
TnE MooN. The moon was formerly part of the earth, and is at present considered to be an old woman ; the
stars are also bad old women to whom admittance to W artheum has been refused, and whose punishment it is to watch the moon. In olden times the 'WOman used to· keep the moon in a basket and guard it very jealously, even from her children; then when she went out at night she opened the basket, and by the moonlight was guided on her visits to W artheum. '
As long as the children were small all went well, but as they grew up her disappearance at night and the light following her roused their suspicion. They watched and saw how the mother put the moon (" debukon ") in her basket. They then spoke to the mother about the light, and asked her to let them see it. She at once got very angry, and told them not to inquire into it any further; but as they persisted she suddenly rose in the air, since which time all natives have a moon. The stars are supposed to watch the moon so that the old woman is unable to replace it in her basket; otherwise they would have no moonlight for their singing and dancing.
Whenever they see a shooting star they ma1'e a great noise, as they believe that it is the old woman who keeps the moon come down to the earth to catch somebody to take her place so that she might go to W artheum.
FIRE.
In olden times there were seven women liYing on Woodlark Islancl in harmony. They used to till their gardens and live a happy life; the only drawback they had was the want of fire, in consequence of which they suffered greatly from ulcers and sores, as they had to eat their food raw; but one of them knew the secret of making fire, which kept her in good health, as she was able to cook her food. For a long time she kept her secret from the others, but eventually they found out and got very angry with her and left her. They said to her," You are greedy' schmaui.'" The others then left 'Woodlark Island, and settled on the I;aughlands, each of which islands bear their names, viz. :-Meres, Lekusis, Komoro, Kunithau, Tretock, and Labes.
It is a.lso the habit to give young boys the head of a snake to eat to make them brave and fearless in warfare.
WILHELM TETZL.AFF.
APPENDIX F F.
106
APPENDIX FF.
NOTE ON BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS BY BARON })'ERDINAND VON M:UELLER, P.H. AND M:.D.
The latest exploratory expeditions and administrative travels of Sir 'William 1\bcgregor have again afforded material for augmenting our knowledge of the native vegetation of British New Guinea, not only in reference to further systematic records of the flora, but also as regards prospects for ne\\ utilitarian resources. The circumspect extra exertions of His Honour the Administrator in shedding more light on the plants of this new British Territorial Possession are sure to be rewarded in time by initiating means for acquiring there new rural and technic wealth, as well for the local revenue as for private benefits. Thus, for instance, we learn from the collections gathered that several Sapotaceous trees exist in British New Guinea, and therefore the question arises whether special searches for new kinds of guttapercha trees coulcl be instituted, all of them belonging to the SapotaeeaJ. This might perhaps best be accomplished if the services of some one of the many experts were secured who are engaged in tapping and preparing the sap of the various gutta-percha trees in the 1\falay Peninsula or the Snnda Islands, to institute the needful methodic observations in the Papuan forests, guided by special previous experiences. Such a measure would be neither very expensive nor particularly difficult to carry out, the main gutta-percha localities being comparatively near. As another instance of trying to turn soon to practical account the scientific information gained might be mentioned the rubber industry. 1t seems quite within reach of possibility to find also among the numerous species of Papuan fig-trees one or more to provide rubber; but it may need au aecustomed caoutchonc gatherer from Assam or some other Indian locality to enter on the search and tests in New Guinea, the sap of the particular fig-trees needing carefully correct treatment for converting it into the mercantile and industrial product. In connection with this it might be mentioned here at once, that one of the species of Ficus lately discovered by Sir William 1\Iacgregor is closely akin to our East Australian Ficus maerophylla. The number of kinds of grasses indigenous in New Guinea proves also much greater than anticipated, some of them, such as the Panieums, evidently of tender foliage and great nutritive value. As gradually so many Urticaceous trees and shrubs ha\'e come under notice from the Possession, new sources for fibre may also become opened up for large actual industries and commerce. Of the genus Vitis, now thirteen species are known from British New Guinea, with the possible prospects of some showing cultural capabilities as grape-vines. A Spondias there is closely akin to the famous S. eytherea. The great variety of timber-trees now already demonstrated to exist must sooner or later call forth special efforts of timber merchants to closely investigate the wood resource!! there beyond what already is shipped to our harbours, such as the red cedar. The EbenaeeaJ are represented, as we now learn, by several kinds in British New Guinea, and thus perhaps superior ebony.wood could be added to the exports. Some new resin plants may also become accessible, as from specimens with young fruit secured by Sir W illiam 1\facgregor, a third species of Papuan .tl.raucm·ias seems to exist, but in the highlands only, although Kauri pines have not yet been found. Of special phyto-geographic interest is the fact that to the many Alpine plants recorded in a former report, now also a species of the New Zealandian and East Australian gE~nus Qnintiuia (Q. Mac,qregorii) as well as Ooprosma repens, Geranium pilosum, and an Hydrocot!Jle, with almost Llzorella habit (H. nuanaooides) can be added, the two former showing further the extensive alliance of the Papuan highlands flora to that of our most elevated far southern regions. To these Australian types should further be added a new very tall Grevillea from lower mountains. The rare Rhododendron MacgregoriaJ has, with the new Aristotelia gaulteriacea and Ternstrmmia Britteniana, been described some months ago in "Britten' s London Journal of Botany" as got at the summit of !-fount Yule, where the vegetation, particularly as regards the numerous Ericem, simulates that of the Owen Stanley Ranges in their higher though not in their highest parts, a new Be,qonia from the cool heights being amon~ the novelties from there, so an additional Quercus from the middle regwn. The two last-mentioned genera, as·well as Impatiens and Gnetum, have not yet been discovered in any part of Australia, but perhaps in North Queensland it may yet be possible to reveal also representatives of these for the Australian Flora, as Medinilla, Rhododendron, .A,qapetes, and Roettle,ra occur on the highest mountains of north-eastern Australia. The botanic collections more recently formed in British New Guinea show further a Piper, a JJ£yristica with nutmegs 2 inches long but probably not aromatic, as additional, so also a Biophytum, a Oelosia, GZycine, Gouania, two MediniUas (new), Loranthus, Nauclea, two species of Homalium representing both sections of that genus, a FagraJa, an almost Alpine Symploeos of remarkable smallness, a Scutellaria, Solanum, PetraJovite:c (P. Riedelii), Clerodendron, Gnetum (G. microcarpum), and the large Bombronia Pandanus (the P. dztbius of some but not of all phytographers).
Of ElaJocarpus we have now eleven from British New Guinea. Several other leading genera occur, represented in similar proportions, often, however, the species identical with 1\Ialayan or other South-Asiatic congeners.
As might have been expected, Sir William Macgregor's collections are likewil5e particularly ri.ch in Gesneriaceae, AcanthaceaJ, Scitaminem, OrchideaJ, and Ferns (one monogramme new) mostly of Sundmc affiuitJes; but it is beyond the scope of this brief document to enter into det&il on remarks concerning any o£ these showy plants, although they comprise many hitherto unknown treasures for future horticulture in any part of the world.
FERD. VON M:UELLER.
APPENDIX GG.
107
APPENDIX GG.
N .ATIVE DIALECTS. 1. Aboriginal Vombulary of Bnb>'n ... ... 108 2. Ahorigin~tl Vocabuhu'y of Doumra·Mairu 11~> S. Aboriginal Vocabulary of J);;bu 128
4. Aborigin:.l Voca.bnlary of Nada 132 ti. Aboriginal Vocabulary of :"!ala 13\l G. Aboriginal Vocabulary of Sinaug;olo... H2
7. Aboriginal Vocabulary of Toaripi ... ... H3
[ ln compiling these dijfeiYmt Dialects the system of spelling srd forth below has been followed.]
S¥sTEM OF 0RTROGRAl'HY FOR NATIVE NAMES OF PLAcEs (Anol'TED nY H. M.'s LoRDS oF THE
AnMnULTY AND TilE RoYAL GEoGRAPHICAL SociETY).
Rules.
1. The true sound of the word as locally pronounced will be taken as the basis of the spelling. 2. An approximation, however, to the sound is alone aimed at. · A system which would attempt to
represent the more delicate inflections of sound and accent would be so complicated as only to defeat itself. Those who desire a more accurate pronunciation of the written name must learn it on the spot by a study of the local accent and peculiarities.
3. The broad features of the system are that vowels are pronounced as in Italian and consonants as in English.
4. One accent only is used, the acute, to denote the syllable on which stress is laid. This is very important, as the sounds of many names are entirely altered by the misplacement of this "stress."
5. Every letter is pronounced. When two vowels come together, each one is sounded, though the result, when spoken quickly, is sometimes scarcely to be distinguished from a single sound, as in ai, au, ei.
Letters.
a e
0 u
ai au ao ei
b c
eh d f
f j k
kh gh
l m n
ng
p q r s t V w X
y
The amplification of the rules is given below:-~------~------------~---------------------
ah, a as in father el~, e as in benefit
Pronunciation and Remarks.
English e; i as in ravine; the sound of ee in beet. Thus, not Feejce, but o as in mote ... .•• ... ... ... ... long u as in flute; ihe sound of oo in boot. Thus, not Zooloo, but All vowels are shortened in sound by doubling the following con-
sonant Doubling of a vowel is only necessary where there is a distinct repeti-
tion of the single sound English i as in ice • .. .. • .. . ow as in kow .. . .. • ... Thus, not Fooclww, but is slightly different from above .. . . .. . .. .. . ... . .. is the sound of the two Italian vowels, but is frequently slurred over,
when it is scarcely to be distinguished from ey in the English they English b. is always soft, but is so nearly the sound of 11 that it should be seldom
used If Oelebcs were not already recognised it would be written Selebes. is always soft as in cl1urck ... ... •.. ... ... ... English d. Englishf; pk should not be used for the sound of f.
Thus, not Haipkong, but is always hard. (Soft g is given by j) is always pronounced when inserted. Englishj. Dj should never be put for this sound ..• ... ...
lish k. It should always be put for the hard c. Thus, not Oorea, but e Oriental guttural . .. ... .. . . .. ... .. . .. .
is another guttural, as in the Turkish
} As in English.
has two separate sounds, the one hard as in the English wordfingm•, ~he other as iu sin.ger. As theso two sounds are rarely employed m the same locality, no attempt is made to distinguish between them.
VOCABULARY OF BULA'A DIALECT, SPOKEN IN THE CENTRAL DISTRICT OF BRITISH NEW GillNEA, BY 80::\:IE COAST TRIBES.
PREFACE To BuLA'A LANGUAGE DY R. GmsE, EsQUIRE.
~he w~rds given in this Vocabulary are those in use among the middle-aged men. The rising ~eneratwn . com many words, as ~ell.as change words by affected pronunciation, which a~e gradually mtroduced ~nto the ~anguage, and m time become to be accepted-not as "slang!' This, with constant f~uds and mternecme wars, no doubt accounts in great part for the great dissimilarity .of the different dialects.
Very few of the words in which the ballad "Leku-leku" is written are in use at present . . The dialect is similar to Motu in grammar and in the peculiar dissection of the possessive pronoun,
but drffers somewhat in its alphabet. It has no "h." In words of similar roots and meanincr, where the Motuan uses an "h" the BuM! an supplies a "v" in its place. Examples :-
0
Motu-Hamaori Bula' a-Vamaguli Hadipaia V adipa
In cases in which the" v" is not adopted a very slight pause is made as in "Bula'a." Inland tribes in the neighbourhood, who also cannot pronounce this letter, substitute a "g."
U n!ike the Motu alphabet, this language posse:;;ses a "w," but has no "s " a "t" taking its place. They cannot pronounce two consecutive consonants, nor can they terminate a word with a consonant. The letter "m" is the only exception to the latter rule, as in "kam' -kam'" (big) and "kom' " (sugar-cane). Even in these exceptions there is a suspicion of a vowel termination. In words ending with the syllable " na," these two letters are frequently dropped-more in carelessness it would appear.
Interchangeable Jetters-d, 1, and r; v, p, and b; v and w (rarer). There appears to be no method of indicating the plural-one exception only, "auna" (man),
"au" (men). As in Hindostani, a question is distinguished by inflection of voice only. The language is very prolific in guttural "k's" and "g's," which makes it almost as expressive in
vituperation as the German tongue.
TABLE SHOWING CERTAIN PRINCIPAL WORDS, ETC., USED BY ABORIGINALS OF BULA'.A, AND SPOKEN BY
sOME CoAsT TmllES IN THE CENTRAL DisTRICT OF BRITISH NEw GUINEA.
One: Ka or koapuna Two : Lua-lua Three: Koi-koi Four: Vaivai Five : Ima-ima Six: Kaulakoi Seven: Mapereaulavaivai Eight: Kaulavaivai Nine: Mapere-ka-gahalana Ten : Gahalana Eleven: Gahalana koapuna Twelve: Gahalana lua-lua Twenty: Gahala lua-lua Thirty: Gahala koi-koi Forty: Gahala vai-vai Fifty: Gahala ima-ima Sixty: Gahala kaulakoi Seventy: Gahala mapcreau1a-
gahalana One hundred: Inabmm One hundred and two : Inabuna.
lua-lua Two hundred: Inabu lua-lua One thousand : Rahanana Ten thousand: Rabuia One hundred thousand : (No
term.)
A or one : Ka or koapuna Abandon: Labukwani Above: Kukunai Absent: Gema kapuna kovaona Ache: Vi
Headache: '\V aila vi My back aches: Rogeku e vi Stomach-ache: Inage vi
Adultery: Bewapa lema Adze: Kare-kare Adze, of steel: Kare-kare Adze, of stone: Kare-kare
He can use the adze : la karea dipana
To adze: Karea
Afternoon: Lavi-lavi Afternoon, early: Aro pere lOo Afternoon, late : Lavi lavi Albino: Walalea Alien (foreigner): Tauau All: Maparana, maguguluna Anchor, chain : I po kwanauna Anchor, drop: Ipo piali. Anchor, rai~:<e : I po olia Anchor, slip: Ipo Juga Anchor, lose, by breaking chain:
Ipo buaruki Anchor, lose, by breaking stock:
Ipo kwaluna Anchor, lose, by breaking fluke:
Ipo kwalana And: Ma Anger: Paru
He is angry: la e paru Ankle: Age kwao-kwao Answer: Bevagele Ant: Kiru-kiru, bulu-bulu Ant, small red: Nnpa-nupa Arm: lEma Arm, upper: Kamo Arm, fore: Gimana lilm-liku Arm, weapon: Gimara aura
Carry arms: Gimara aura a pia He is armed : la gimara aura
a pia Armpit: Kariga Arrest: Girnanaligo Arrive : K wara Arrow: Ripa Arrow-point: Mana Artery, vein: W alo-walo Ashamed: Kopi ma Ask (i.e., beg): N oge-noge At: Ai (following place) Away, off: Vagi Axe: Giro
a una Belt, of leather: Pae kopina Betel-nut: Guria Betel-nut, to chew: A 1a1a Betel-nut, open: Guria vogia Betel-nut, divide: Huria boro Betel-nut, the chewed: Ewa J3cte1-nut, hard: Kiiri Betel-nut, old: Kiiri Betel-nut, soft : Raurau BP-witch: 1\:Ieamea Bid : V epu, veagu
Big: Kamu Bill of bird : I ru Bird: Manu Birth: Wala Bite: Kolia
Crocodile bites: Bugaa kole Dog bites: Kwaia kale Mosquito bites: Nemo kale Snake bites: Gelema kale He died of snake-bite: Gelema
kale pe kwarea Black: Milo-milo Black the face : W aila vamilo Black, to blacken : V amilo Black, to blacken face in stripes:
Vegumu Black, wash off : V ekulo Blind : Ma-kele Blood: Rala Blood clot : K wamara Blow the conch : Vilia Blue: l!rfareva-mareva Boar's tusk: Roa Body: A unipara Bog: Pali Boil food: Nanua Bone: Iliga Border or edge: Pi pin a Bottle for lime: Abu Bottle, glass : 1\fa Bottle, cork of: Koabu Bottle, full : Yonu Bottle, empty: Kovaona
The bottle is full of water : Ma nanuna pe vonu
Bough of tree : Naua Bow (arrows): Pewa Bowels : Poka Bowl, pottery : N agu Bowl, wood: Dibu Bowstring: Olo Brain : Minana Brauch : Kemola Bread-fruit: Gunu Bread-fruit, nuts of: Mekwa Breadth: Reva-reva Break, cloth : V erale Break, glass or pottery: Kava-
Juga Break, rope: Buarnki Break, wood : Koru Breast or bosom: Kaia-kaia Breath : Agila Bridge of nose : Iru iliga Bridge, of wood : N eti Bridge, suspension: Gel Bright: Kema kemana Bring: Veamaiage, apikau Brother, woman's: Ari Brother, man's elder : W ala
wala, ari kune Brother, man's younger: .Ari
muliai Brown: Rupa-rupa Burial ground: Veao kapuna Burn: Ala Burn, grass: Lege kapuana Burn, house : N uma kapuana
He burned his hand : Gimana pe alala
The fire burns : Kalova e mol en a
Bury: Kulia Butterfly: Pepe, manu-manu Buttocks: Kale Buy: Voia Cage: Numa Cage, bird : U pa
109
Cage, cuscus: Upa Calf of leg: Kwape Call: Kea-kea Call the chief: V cle ono kea
A bird calls: Mann e kOona Calm: Rawa, kaima Cane fastcnings: Oleolena Cane, large: Olo Cane, small black: :&Iane Cane, to split: Boaruki Canoe: Ai Canoe, deck : Bua Canoe, hold of: Kapina Canoe, hull of: Aona Canoe, mast o£ : Bea Canoe, outrigger: Ralima Canoe, sail of : La Canoe, stick driven into outrigger
of : Ginigini Canoe, thwarts of : Biaro Cap: Pauko Cape: Iru Carry, by hand: A pia Carry, by strap over shoulder, as
bag: Kavalea Carry, on head : Gurua Carry, on head by woman: Ripua Carry, on shoulder: Bua-bua Carry, under arm : Kariga Carved cocoanut: Kuiiki Carve, on pottery: Kalaa Carve, on wood: Kahla Cassowary : Kirapu Cat: Kuto Catch, fish : V eabu Catch, turtle : W alu Catch, wallaby : Apaua Cave: Kobuga Centipede: Aivaroa Centre: Nuga-nuga Cheek : Moko-moko Cheekbone: Moko iligana Chest: Kaia-kaia Chew: Auga Chief: V eleko Child: Nau Chin: Are Chuck under the chin : Areka
peri.'l Church : Rupi
To go to church : Rupiai ao Clay: Koroma Clay, for pottery: Koroma Clay, pound : Koroma pataa Clay, to burn into pots: Koroma
kapua Clav, to dye: Vamulaa Clay, to d~g: Koroma kua Clay, to fashion into pots: Koroma
mane ea Cloth: Dabua Cloth, of bark: Du puna Cloud, cirri: Inova Cloud, cumuli: Puri Cloud, nimbi: Oli Club, stone: Kari Club, stone, disc: Kave Club, stone, pineapple: Komu Club, stone, star: Gumekoa Coa~t : Ano epina Cobweb : Kauma Cocoanut, drinking : Rao Cocoanut, half ripened: Kalu,
keai:--. Cocoanut, ripe : Niu Cocoanut, sprouting: U pu Cocoanut, to husk: Gegeia Cocoanut, very young: Ninigu
Cold : N akula Collar-bone: Aloniroa Comb : Dikwama Come : V eamai Command : V eugunagi Conch: Rivili Contract (s): Kilavu Cooking-pot, clay: Gulo Cooking-pot, bottom of: Gulo
kapina Cooking-pot, inside of : Gulo
aonai Cooking-pot, mouth of: Gulo
pokana Cooking-pot, neck of: Gulo
arena Cooking-pot, stones £or: Girala Cook the food: Ani-ani nanua Coral: Kaki Coral, red : Mako Cord, rope: Kwanau Corpulent: Kapa kamu Cotton-tree : Dana Cough : Geera Cover: Koabu Cowry: 'l'agu-tagu Crab : Rupel:t, alogi, kwa, komi,
Cuscus: Wagula Cut: Boro-boro Cut wood: Pai-pai Cycas: Baulo Dance: Pala Dark : 1\fukuna Daughter: Nau iaona Day: Oma Dead : K warea Deaf : Kea gela Death : K warea Deceit: Wapakau Deceitful : W apaa Demon: Wara Devil: Wara Diarrhrea : Buri Die: Kwarea Difficult: Auka Dig: Kua Dig with hands: A via Dine: La vi la vi ania Dirt: M:ilo Disease: Vi Distant: Raurau Ditch: Kaka Dive (v): Nugarigo Do: Kala Dog: Kwaia Door : I,akai lakai Door, close the: Lakai-laka1
Drown: Niku-niku Drum: Kapa Drum, handle o£ : Gimana Drum skin : Baliba kopina Duck: Mokora, kavela Dumb: Muru kawa Dye, black : V a milo Dye, brown: V a rupa Dye, red : V a kalova Dye, yellow : V a pola Dysentry : Buri-maralana Ear: Kea Ear, external: Kea Ear, hole in lobe o£: Rapa-rapa
nluna Ear, internal: Kea aonai Ear, lobe o£: Rapa-rapa Earthquake : Ano kepo East : Abu ano Eat: Ania Edible : Ani-ani auna. Edge: Pipina Egg: Ani Egg, albumen: Aui kerolona Egg, rotten: Aui poraana Eggshell: Aui kopina Egg, yolk : Aui anina Egg, crocodile: Aui Egg, scrub-fowl: Aui Egg, snake : A ui Egg, turtle: Aui Elbow: Gima kwau-kwau Elephantiasis, of leg : Age rolo Elephantiasis, of scrotum: K waila Enemy : V eali Epilator, for shaving and remov-
ing eyebrows, &c. : Epioana Evening: Lavi-lavi Exempt : Rova Expectorate: Kaninu Eve ball: Ma anina Eyebrow: Ma lamu-lamu Eyebrow: Varu-varu lamu lamu Eye, close the: Ma vaimaau Eyelash: Ma lamu lamu Eyelid: Ma kona Eye, pu1Jil of : Ma anima kuku
rupa Eye, open the : Ma kalapaka Eye, sore: Ma kira Face: Waila Fall : Keorigo Falsehood: Kila wapakau Family: Naka Famine : Roge Fan: Abn-abu auna Far: Rau-rau Farewell: Ono maau Farther : Rau veea Fasten, to make fast : Ligoa Fasten, to knot : K waua Fasten, to belay: Pinua Fasten, to tether : N akaua . Father: Ama
My father-in-law : Gekn ama (not amaku)
Grandfather: Amamuliai Fat (adj. and n.): Mona Fat man : Anna e parana Fear: Gali Feast : V elekwa Feather: Pulu-pulu, gevena
Plume o£ raggiana : Tiake Feeble: Moira-moira Fence: Kaana Fence, make a: Kaana kaana Fever : Vi lautaguana
110
Fibre : An amna Fight : Beuagi, mala-mala, veali,
bevagi Fight, with clubs: Vekave Fight, with fists: V etoi Fight, with spears : V ekini Finger : Riri, diri Finger, little: Diri keokeo Finger, thumb: Diri para Fire: Kalova Fire a gun : Ono pitia Fire, to extinguish : Kalova kala
bui . Fire, to light: Kalova va mole Fire, to make a big : Kalova
kamu na ka ono kala Firewood : Lako First: Kunena Fish (v): Mani Fishhook: Kao Fish, to scale: Gunavi Fish-trap: Puli
To go to fish : Beabu Flag: Pepe
Hoist flag: Pepe olia Lower flag : Pepe ugu
Flea: Viri Flesh: Viro Flog (v): Kwaria
To flog to death : K warimai Flood: Apaa Flood-tide: Gu Flower : Kova Fly (s): Nakama Fly (v): Lobono Foam: Kapuro Foam, small detached bubbles of :
Viluvilu Fog: Kokobu Food: Aniani Foot : Gunapa Forehead : Pakulagi Forenoon: Rapa Forest: Ura Forget : V eugumagi lekwa Fowl: Polo, kokoroko }'owl, male : Kokoroko Fowl, female: Kokoroko babini Fowl's egg: Aui Freshwater: Nanu Friend: Ana Friend, female: A Friend, male : A Friend, old : A pauveaga vean Frog : Paipai Fruit: Au buana Fun: Ulaula, veripaani Gale: Iloa, gulu Garden : Araa Garden, to fence : Kana aua Garden, to make : Araa releia Garden, to plant: Varoa Garden-house: V aka Gate : Kana pokana Generation : Gulu Ghost: )Vara Ginger: Iboa Girdle : Kapa auna Girdle, of cane : Mane Girdle, of wood: Kawa Girl: lao Glass-bottle : 1\'Ia Give: Venia Go : Ao, lakagia God: Palagu Godfather : Arana pe vaoa auna Good: Nama
Goura pigeon : Gutu Grass: Lege
Kangaroo grass : Mu Grasshopper: Malalaolao Grave: Kuli Grave (adj.): Aiga nama Grayhaired: Rolopo Great: Kamu Green or blue : Mareva-mareva Grow: Upu Growl : Gilina Grunt : Golomu Guest: W ari-wari Guide (v): Vai Guide (n) : BeTai auna Gum : Kapu kobu
Tattooing gum: Kwarea Gum, of teeth: Rua auina Gun: Piti Gun-barrel: Piti kapana Gun caps : Piti kalovana Gun cartridge : Piti komana Gun case: Piti Mona Gun, 11ermit: Piti-piti alo-alo Gunpowder: Piti kwanona Gun, report of : Piti kuluna Gun, to clean: Piti buligia Gun, to load : Piti auina oaa Gun shot: Piti komana Gun-stock: Piti kwakuna Hair: Bui Half : Koruna, kavana Hammer: Amara Hand: Gima Hand, back of: Gunapa Hand, palm of: Gima aonai
At hand: Kavi-kavi Handle of stone axe : Barala Hang (v): Kwauragea,kereragea
To hang up : Labukwau Hard: Auka Haste : Kala, raka. raka Hat: Pauko Head: Waila
Skull: Rera Headache : W aila vi Heal: V an am a Health: K walimu Hear : Kamonagi Heart: Kutou Heat: labu Heavens: Kupa Heel: Kwarili Here: Enai Hip: Kole Hip-joint: Makava kwau kwau Hide (v): Oliabuga Hole: Ulu Hoof: Age Hornbill: Pina Hot: labu House: Numa House, door of: N uma lakai lakai House, floor of : N uma aonai House post : Kea House, site of: N uma irapuna House, thatch of : N uma ginini House, to build: N uma kala HousE?, to close up: N uma ka-
nft~tbo House, to enter: Numa rageao House, to leave: Numa rigoao House, to pull down: N uma loboa House, walls o£: Numa kapena
Fireplace: Numa kaabuna Gable: Numa kariabu Veranda: N uma ropina
Hunger: Vio Hungry: Vio Hunt, kangaroo: Apana Hunt men: Abua Hunt pigs : Apana Hunt, with dogs: Apana Hunt, with nets: Apana Husband, spouse: Arawana Idiot : Kawa auna Iguana : Baliba Ill: Vi Inland: Ura Inland people: Kuni Insect: Manu-manu Inside: Aonai Instep: Agegunapana Interpret : Karo vagelegele Intestines, large : Bulopara Intestines, small : Poko kwala Iron: Auri Iron chain: Auriwalu Island: Mou Jaw, lower: Are iligana Joint: Apo-apo Jump: Bori Jump across : Bori vanagi Kangaroo : W agi
Panamaia Kill, by stabbing:: Paomaia Kill, man : Vagi Kill, pig : V aki Kill, with fist; Kimaia Kill, with spear : Ginimaia Kiss : V evelabu Knee: Age kwau kwauna Kneel : K wau-kwau Knife: Pao Knot: Kwau-kwau Knot (v): Kwaua Knot, to make: Vo kwau-kwau Lagoon : Kobu Lamp: Ramepa
Light the lamp : Ramepa va,.. mole
Extinguish the lamp: Ramepa kala bui
Land shell : V oro voro Language : Karo Laugh : Mamai Last: Mulinai Lazy: Lepei Leaf: Lau Leak: 1\lapuruna Learn: Dipa Leather: Pae kopina Leave: Labukwani Left side : Kauli kavana Leg: Ago Leprosy : Ragela Liar : Wapakau auna Liberal, generous: Ugu ugu Lick: Remali Lid : Koabu-koali Lie down : Makoala Lie in wait for: MaLia Lie, speak an untruth: Wapakau Life: Maguli Lift up: Apilakai, apirage Light (s): 1\.faeka. Lightning: Eremana
111
Lime: Abu Lime, gourd for: Abu Lime spoon : Geni Lime, to eat with betel-nut:
Alaala Lime, to make, by burning shells:
Abu kapua Lip: Muru pipigana Lip, lower : Pipiga Lip, upper: Moru Little: Kiri-kiri
Very little: Kimu-kimu Live, dwell: Aluna Liver: Aie Load (s): Maruna Lock the door : Ono taviria
The lock-up: Taviria Loins : Doluna Loiter: Aluale Long: Loki Looking-glass:: I Vegiarigo Loosen: Luga Louse: Gu Love : V eugumagi Lungs: N uganuga Make: Kala Make disturbance : Alamaa Make garden: Kala Make feast : Kala Make house : Kala ]\fake net : Kala l\fan: Auna ~fan-catcher: }(ora Mango: Waiwai Many: B6o-b6o Mast: Bea l\Iat: Kera. Mat, pandanus leaf: Vaida
kerana ~fat, plaited: Kera ·Mat-work on shield: Olo :Medicine : Mulli.a l\feeting : V ekoko l\fessage : Keakau Messenger : V eugunagi auna Midday: Aroola ]\fidrib of leaf: Gini Midwife: Vamelewa babinena Milk : La kwarana Mirror : V egiarigo Missionary: Bevadipa Aunn. Moon: Bue Moon, full : Bue kopo Moon, half: Bue kapa oola Moon, new : Bue kemo valigu Moonshine: Bue ruviali Moon rises: Bue e ragena Moon sets : Bue e rigona Mosquito: Nemo Mosquito-net: Tainamo Month-
January: Pilia para February: Ola para March: Mera
Mountain: Olo Mourning : V emilo Mouth: n.furu pokana Much: Kamu Murder: Kolua Murderer: Kolu lema a una Nail, finger: Didina kwauna Nail, of finger: Diri kwauna Nail, of iron : Auri varona Name (s): Ara Nautilus shell: Pelemu Navel: Buro Navel string: Buro Navel string, to :cut : Buro
marivagi
Navel string, to tie : Buro rekoabua
Neck: Aigo Necklace: Aigo a una Needle: Nira Net, fishing: Leke, walo, magina Night: P6ogi Night hawk: Komumu No : Aikina, ai Noise: Kulu Nonsense : Kawa karo Noon : Aroola North : W alaka kavana Nose: Iru Nose-pencil: Irupani Nostrils : Iru pokana Now : Ewagumo Ointment: Mulaa Old: Iraulaniai Old house: M6ona Old man : Velepara Old woman : Logeapara Open the door: Taviri ono paka Ophthalmia: Ma vi Outside: Muliai Owl: Elea Oyster: Loa Paddle (s): Leva Paddle, large, used as an oar:
AI ala Perineal band : Ivi Petticoat: Rami Piece : Kiaka Pig: Pae Pig, female: Pae inaparana Pig, male: Pae roaparana Pig, to feed: Pae venia Pig, to keep a: Pae gupua Pig, to kill : Pae vagia Pigeon, blue: 1'ubugu Pigeon, goura: Gutu Pigeon, white: Pune Pinch : Pukia Pipe, closed end: Kwaubuna Pipe, of bamboo : Baubau Pipe, open end : Pokana Pipe, opening for cigarette:
Uluna Plait: Baua Plant, to : V aroa Planting season : V arovaro buena Platform, for food : Ani-ani
vala-vala Point of nose: (Iruna) Kaluna Poison(s): Kwareamula Pole, for poleing canoe : Kewala Pray : Mea mea Preach : W apaa Present, gift : Beveniage auna Prison: Mukuna numa Prisoner: Kalarakava auna
Make prisoner: Kalarakava auna apia
Purpose (s): U1anana Raft: Upe Raft, to make: Upe aua Raft, to travel by: Upe kwari Raggiana : Tiake Rain: Kupa
Rainbow : V evao Rat: Kuru be Ravish (v): Kere Lema Read: Alo-alo aia Red: Kalova-lmlova Reef of coral : Ralu Rejoice: V erere Remember: Veugumagi Remnant : Kovana Reply: V aO'ele Resolve: Veniwai Rest: Puka Restore : V eniwai Return : W aikule Revenge: V oipanakala Rib : ]~ulu penipeni Uide: Gurua Right side: Rip a kavana Ringlets : Bui pane Ringworm, not scaly : Buni Ringworm, scaly : Lebo Ripe: Mera River: Wai River is dry: W ai roro River is flooded : W ai apaa River, to cross a, by canoe :
V euda vanagi River, to cross a, by swimming:
Nabu vanagi River, to cross a, by wading:
Ulu vanagi Road : Laopara Rob (v): Veraria Rock: Ikuma Rope : K wanau, walo Rope, plaited : V aokaki Rotten : Rakaava Row a boat: Pakopako Rub in (as ointment): Mua Rumour: Valina Run: Kobu Run away: Kobo, gali Sack: Pute Saddle : Oti gurua auna Sago: Rabiia Sago, to make: Rabiia 1abua Sago, to mash : Rabiia pota.a Sago, to put in bundles : Rablia
kumu-kumu Sago, roasted : Vilikapo Sago-tree: Rabiia kapana Sago-tree, to cut down : Paikalia Sail : La, kera Sail, hoist: La olia Sail, lower : La ugu Sail, mend : La ulia Sail, make: La mapara olia Sail, shorten: La kwau kopa Saliva: Kaninu Salt: Rama Salt water: Rama Salts, Epsom : Bori molaa Sand: Kwano School : Bevadipa kapuna School, toattend: Rupuaiomaoma
aluna School, to keep : Rupuai va
dipana Scissors : Bakoti Sea: Lava para Seat: Alukau kapuna See: Gia Seed: Guna Sew: Uli Shame : Kopi ma Shark : Paewa Shave: Ralo Shell: Loku, boro boro, ala,
ipi-ipi, kwari
112
Shield: Gei Shield, cane work of: Olo Ship: Lakaoi Shoulder: .Alo Shoulder-blade : Kepelekalo Shout: Okaa Shrimp: Piti Shut the door: Lalmi ono kanaabu Sick: Vi Signal : Iliana Sing: Mari Sister, man's: Wala-vmla Sister, woman's: W ala-wala Sit: Alukau Skin (s): Kopi Skirt: Rami Skull : 1\epa Sleep : 1\Iaau Sling (s): Uiia Smell (s) Pon:ma Smell ( v): Ponana
Bad smell : Poraa Smelling salts : l:'onana mula Smile: :~famai Smoke: Kobu Smoke, fish: No noa Smoke, tobacco: Ania Snake : G elema, kapari, apu, &c. Snake, carpet : Pele-peJe Snake, venomous : Gelema Snake, non-venomous: Pele-pele,
waro-waro Sneeze: Atio Snore: Alo Snout: 1\furu Soil (s): Kwano Sole of foot : Age pana pana Son: Melo Song: Mari Son-in-law: Ama Soul : Apuapu South : Oreoa kavana South-east: 'V ao kavana Sow (v): Piavava Speak : Kilagia Spear, fighting: Kolova Spear, fish : Guri Speech: Kila-kila Spew: Mumua Spider: Kai-kai Spit: Kaninu Spleen : Dolu Sponge: 1\furona Square: Kava gele-gele Stand up : Ruga lakai Star: Gibu Star stone club: Gumekoa Stay: Aluau Steal : I;ema Steal, pig : Vagi lema Steal, woman: Kere lema Steal, yams : Lema Steer, boat : Gitm Steer, to deep water: Ropunana
e ao Steer, to port : Rolia Steer, to starboard : V a kokoa Steer, to shore : Ai kavia Stomach : Inage Stone: Vau Stone axe: Kauko Stone club (disc): Kavi Stop: Nega Story, tale: Kwalana Streamers : Pepe Strike: Kwaria String : W alo Strong : W alo Suck : Ruru-ruru
Sugar-cane : Komu Summit: Kukunai Sun: Aro Sun is hot: Aro iabu Sunrise: Aro ragena Sunset : Aro rigona Suu, too much : Aro auka vagi Sweat: A.mumu Swallow (v): Nonoa Sweet potatoe : Mote Swim: Nabu Syringe : Ekurina Table : Bala bala Tail : Iguna Tail. of bird: Kolena Tail; of dog : I guna 'l'all : Loki-loki Taro: Kale 'l'attoo (v): Alo-alo aua Teach: Vadipa Teacher: Bevadipa auna Tear ( v) : Ralea Tears : l\fainivalo Tell lies : V e wapaa Tendon, Achilles : Age walo That: Nera There : W anai Thief: Lema pae auna Thigh : V apara Think : V eugumagi Thread : Nira walona Throat : Aigo Throw spear : Pia Thumb : Gima dirina Tide, ebb: Erinana Tide, flood: Eguuna Tie up, of hands : Ligo Teeth: Rua Teeth, incisors: Rua Teeth, molars: Kari-kari Tobacco : Kuku To-day: Oma Toes : Age dirina Tomahawk: Giro To-morrow: Rapaluga Top of head: Min:~ Tongue: Mae Toothache : Kurima Tooth, inci~or: Rua repa-repa Tooth, molar: Rua karikari Traitor: Ekauna, lewa Translate: Vagelegele Travel : La kagia Treaty: Kilavu 'l'ree: Au Tremble : Luki Triton shell : Divili True : Lorinai 'l'runk of tree: Vakona Turkey, scrub: l'l'falakaka Turtle: Ao-ao Turtle, hawksbill: Gela Turtle, loggerhead: Niuteli Twilight: Lavilavi maaluna 'l'wine: Walo Twiue, to make: "\Valo labuloi '!'wins: Kapa Twist: Pioa Ulcer : Komaa Umbrella: Dabua rawa Uncle: Amana Unoccupied (of house or land):
Ai ana Unplant: Luga Upwards: Aiinai Vain : W alo walona Village: Vanuga Venomous: Kwarea auna Walk: Laka
Wallabv: Koi \Var (::;): Vagi mgi, veali \V arm (ad,\.): labu v"V arn : \V :trage Warrior: V eali a una \Vater: Nauu
Drink water: Nanu uin \Vatcrfall: (No term.) Wealth ot· properLy: Au lJ,),, b11o \V eep : 1\ gi \V eighty: 1\Ieau \V est: .lvalarigo kavam1 \Vhence: lhYai, arigiu;~! Whirlwind: Anokepo \Vhi~kers: 1\foko lamu \Vhite: Kulo. kulo \\'hitemeu : An kulo kulora Who: Rai Widow: \Vnpu \Vife, spon~e: .\ rnw:1 Wind: c\gi ·windpipe: Orol(l \Vind round : Pinuii.a bua Wind up : Pinun Wing of hird: Kare Witch: "Meamea babine \\'itcbcraft: J\f0muea ·wit~IJCrnfL to pay for: 1\Ieamea
VOlUil
Witchcraft, to practi,;c : Vamea \Vith: Kwarna Woman : Babine \V ood : T,ako World: Anopara m~guguluna \Vound: Kapu Wrist: Ginm liku~liku W riie: j l.o-alo Yam: J\falawapa Ynw:o: Klmi Year: o Yellow: ob-pola Yes: lna Y e~terday: Walani
.Day before yet>tenlay : W!tom:mm
Day after to-mo1•row: Yv aomanai 'Third clay horn hence: "\V a wao
manai Go with the chief: Yele k.warua
ono <W
[: Au ·rhon: Oi He m· she: la We: Ai, ia ton: Omi 'fhev: Ila Niv~ Aucrro Tl;y: Oig~m u His : Iagena. OurH: Aigema. lagem '{ours. Omigemi Theirs: Ilageria Each. Ka ka This: Enai That : N er;1.
Some other~ : Rekea \ HV one: Ka An~ther. different Nort: [ran Who: Rai \Vha t : Rakaa u Which . Arigiauna What is thi~ X era rakanu \Yhat [,,that: \V:t rakimu Come to-.mol'l'0\1 : Hapaluga pono ~emnm
B··ing me a cOCl'<\llut .. Nni lia ono ,·eamaill.ge
I
113
Whe1·e i~ th(:• chief : Vanuga \'elena ariginai
A re they good : 1 la muua Are they lmd : ] la 1·almva \Yherc · i~ the road : Laopam
\\'hat tlo you want for thi~: ."'e au ra.kaau voina
ThiH [:; ru ,. present for you : A ncgu h!n·eniage amn oigemu
I wish to bt;y a pig: Au }Jac v oina kilagina
I~ v hand: Au gi malm Thy hand: Oi gimamu His hand: Ta gimaua ( l Ill' it nu r!~: 1\. i gimamai, ia gimara \. u ur i umd~ : Omi giummi 'J'heir lwwL: lla ginmra 1\l'y heail : .An wailaku Tiw head: Oi wailamu Hi~ hea<l: h waiiana Our head~: .\ i wailamai, ia wai-
larn Your head~ : Omi wailami Their head~ : Ila wailara 1\lv father: :\u amakn Tl1y father: Oi mnamn J I i~ father: h aumna Our father~;: c\ i amamai, i;t amara Your fathers: Omi amami '!'heir fathcl'B : Ua amara 1\fv mother: Att inaku 'l'liv mot1wr: Oi inamu Hi~ mother: In inana Our mothers: Ai iuamai, la inara Your mother~ : Omi inami Their mother~ : J la inara }fy banana: A uaku bigu Thy banana: Oiamu bigu His banana: Iana bigu Ottr bananas: Aiama bigu, iar11
bign Your bn,uanas: Omiami bigu
'l'heil' hannna~ : Ila aria bigu :11y pig (ali\'e): Aueku pae Thy pig: Oigemu pae Hi" pig : lageua pae Our pig": Aigcma, or iagera vae Your pigs: Omigemi pae Their pig1:1: llageria pae I~ittle: Kiri-kiri Yery little: Kimu kimu Hig": Kamu \r cry big: Kamu vea, or kamu
Yagi I go to-day: Au cwagumo ana ao Thou goc:;t to-day: Oi ewagumo
ono ao I fe goes to-day : la ewagumo
rno ao \\' e go to-da,\ : :\ i ewagumo a ao,
J a ewagnmo e lLO
Y ~n go to-day: Omi ewagumo 10 ao
Th,oy gu tu-1lay : Jla ewagumo 10 ao
I. went ye,;terday : Au walaani pa ao
'J'hou wen!; ye:<rcJ·day: Oi walaaui po a.o
He went ~' estel'day la waHi.ani pe ao
W,. e went 1·esterdaY Ai ;yalaani pab an: la wala.ai pa ao
luga Jm ao, la rapaluga pc ao r·on will go to-monow : Omi
l'apaluga pio ao They will go to-morrow : Jla
rapaluga pie ao I uo not go to-day: A u ewagumo
paiana :w Thou dost not go to-day: Oi ewa
gumo pano ao He doeR not go to-tlay: Ja ewa
gumo pane ao We do not go to·d~y: Ai ewa·
gmno paia ao, la ewngumo pae ao
You do not go to. day: Omi ewagumo paio ao
Tlwy do not go to-day: Ila cwapaie ao
.n~t go ye;;tm·day : }, u wa Ja. :mJ amu ao
'rhou <lidst not go yesterday : Oi wal!taui aiau ao
He did not go yesterday: h walaani n.iau ao
\Vo did not go 1cesterdav: Ai walaani aia;i 110, Jn '~a.laani amH ao
Y 0n did not go ye~terday : Omi walitani nigo ao
did not go yesterday: Ua waHmni aige ao will 110t go to-morrow : Au rapaluga paiana ao
Thou wilt not go to-morrow: Oi rapahtga pauo ao
He will not go to-morrow: Ja rapaluga pane ao
"We will not to-morrow: Ai rapaluga ao, la rapaluga pae ao
You will not go to-morrow: Omi rapaluga paio ao
'J'hey will not go to-morrow : Ila rapalnga J>aie ao
M:y eanoe: Auekn ai Thy c:.tnoe: Oigemu ai Hi" canoe: Iagena ai Our canoe : ltigema or Iagera ai Your canoe: Omigemi ai 'l'hcir eanoo: I la gcria ai .M:v house: Aueku numa Thy ltouHe: Oigemu numa His house: Ja.gemt numa Our house : Aigem:t or lagera
nu m a Tour house: Ornigemi numa Their house : lla geri:1 numa. 3-fv lancl: .\ue.ku .kw;mo Tl~y land : Oigemu kwano Hl8 lam! : J agena kwana Onr land: Aigema or lagera
kwano Your land: Omigemi kwano 'l'heir laud : Ilngeria kwano :Nfv fish. Auaku mani Tl~y fish : Oiarnu mani His fish: h::ma mani Oul' fi~h: :\iamn maui or Iaara
m am y·our fish: Umiami man i Their fish: Ilaaria mani
114
LEKU-LEKt:.
(Ballad recording noteworthy events in the history of a tribe.)
This particular J>ortiou i;; in a language which i,; not spoken in this neighbourhood, and is the oldest verses of the song known. 1 t J•esembles the language spoken b.v the tribes inhabiting the south end of the lfcGiiiivray Ranges.
Kita vetali vetalimina Wapuli Rorra kila vetali vetalimina. ,.,
, A lep11 melo gemi melina bua rigona pnkini roli p1tagoana.
I. Wapnli Roga is talking of fighting, is talking
of fightmg.
Il. The Alepa men were coming armed.
them away. Wedrave
Ill. Kal'a gota revaluai leva Lupuna. Should we throw a spear, a man is hit.
LF;KU-LEKU.
(l<'rom Kwaipo, in the McGiJlivray ]{anges.)
Oi babine aririgo taona Lena oaririgo aririgona. Leku leku, &c.
Varaina gela malaga varaina variana roka keto vegata. Leku, &e.
Oi b1tbine tipi ono koro maina. !;eku, &c.
N ege pune maoma kora verariana. Leku, &c.
1\ ega vanuga nuganana, origo auna mge aumt. Leku, &.e.
0, you woman, wftly wa.lking, 1-1oftly ct•eeping.
0, you man; you come from afar, and fall on the path.
0, you woman, cn.tch a quail with a hand net.
0, you girls, who is ;.;trong io catch a pigeon.
Jn;;ide the village, let us march up, let Ui:! march down.
LEKU-LEKU.
(A later composition. 'Vritten in the tongue used in Kamali.)
Olulaga oi buikima maniga pala popoloua epuru wa1 puru voina lelm-leku ve leku.
Olulaga oi gimamu kora Jegen:ia negi l!Hmega amo n:tn a namo amo taliana.
Olulaga irunaga dubu vili wai poniage.
Oi 1aunlt koue melo gili wan;~. mo gituua.
Oru manu naro gege lagi ua,ma.
Vauu ganani gera olo vanuganai ot•a gena gipa manu noveni varaa var·aana.
Gilalaka Iamolaka kila veagi veagimu ma }folegolo ropioa pana kepoleaua.
0, Olulaga, your hair is thick and long as the leaves of a "popolo."
0, Olubga, when you 8hake your lwra. (mancatcher) a heavy dew falls.
0, Olulag:>, with the handsome face, you hanged the head 011 the dubu (sacrificial stage).
Come, look at the boy from the bush playing 011 the shore with a white crane.
I am like a red parrot, I fly away and returu.
'rhere is :t village on the summit of a hill where men are taught wisdom by an eagle-hawk.
Gilalaka and Iamolaka, boasting who of us i;; strong enough to overturn the platform on Molegolo.
Molegolo aYalana lau mmana minana poro 'Vhen the north-west wind blows lightly on kulou melau minu vagi ana. Molegolo, your head-dress o£ feather~ will be
displaced.
Polo lmlo kilamu lai uevai1m mu aueku not I do not w:wt a head-dre;;:::. I will biuu twine nepinu pinuaua. around my ankles.
'l'inara ula.raun geua g<"mo lmkona ve gau rigo wagira Kalo vanuganai pelewa kamu lavilavina.
::\felo htrilm mo rakiiauta mo gurnua mo rak:lauta nlanana mole konf'na mo tulu tepa tepa na.
. '·;, ...
Our mother is at Kalo, where the sun ;;ets, let us be like the gemo (a fi~h) and :::eek her out.
My brother, what are you carrying; and what are you doing in the water, ~plaRhing it about with your feet .
115
{_t.)
VOL~BUJu\.RY OF DlALJi;C:T ~l'OKK\ BY NATIVES();:\ THE t)Ol TH COAi"l'l' OF BHlTlt>H NE\\" !iUli\EA
Nnn:womn ant Xanan ava Nanau ai8eri Xauau ~our11i Namtll irna Nrmau ririaomn Xnnau ririaam Nanau ririaai~c N anau riria~ourai Na11>nl gabnnr1pua :\ amw ga banapua ava
i Nannu a1·a Kanau otnu
hi a
'1 Nina vadaeke besa : U augau emegi
\'oa :-:lcriada usausa
Aimi
I
· Vea 1 A Lt ~uru11a 1 Ho
; Ima
1 V cgarai (?) !
· 3Iai
.. Topuga
Oeva maramara
... i Oreore
Ona ... i Beta ... 1 {;abugaba ... Lamdt~
Bark, of tree B;~rk, of dog Bark, l\fassoi .. Barringtouia, tree Barringtouia, ftowe1· Basket ... llaubau (bamboo pipe) ... Baubau, hole of . Baubau, low 0nd Bay Beach Beads Beard Beautiful Beche-de-met' Beetle Betel-nut Belly Belly, full Bell}·, em ply Belt Hid Big Bir<l Bird, frigatE' Bird, bill of BirtlJ l3i~cui1 Bite Black Hlat:idng, on face Blind · Blood Rlow, smoke out of mouth l3lue Blue pigeon Boclv Bog'' Boil, food Boil, banana~ Bone Boot" Border or edge ... Bottle, for lime ... Bottle, glass Rouah of tr·ee Bow" (arrows) Bowstring Bowl, wood Bowl, pottery Box Bo:-o:, to open Box, to t:losP
Canoe, hiK Adege ena vnona Canoe, onr . . . Gena vaona Canoe, you1· ... i Adege ava vanna Canoe, their Omana vannn Canoe, pole J<}nn·a. Canoe. to make . . V Mnm mn iwa i Canoe, whose Ena. vaona Canoe, hold of . .. Vaon:t lamao Canoe, holes for f:tstening . Vnonrt poti
thwttrb; Canoe, prnjectiug pmw of Cape .. . .. Carry, nn ~houli!Pr Carry, in hnml ... Carrv, under arm Carr)r, on baek Carry. on hraci Cassowan Caterpilhi1• Crwe Cedar Centipede Centre ... Cheekbone Chest Chew Chief Chief, who is the Child Child, at brea.:>t ... Chin
Gabigahi ' J.Jaritari
... , Geugeu Moruro di1·nta
I Gula ... ; Mnm
l\l[nrla
'_Eia ... , Beri
· A }Jlll'O pn robo ' O"oeme"'i I ~ o .
... · Auna ogocmog-r . Mareuwgi ! Oivagigiri
... : .Al'cna ... Chip i Anaten, t.eJ'U:l
Cicatrix . . . : Amni Cigarette, for lmuban ' Didibo Cigarette, to put in hole Didibo odoibll i Cinder ! G·utumn Clam, "mall freshwater Orm·a Clam, nsed a~ knife Eila Claw . :Dnri Clay Cli~b Climb a tree Cloth Clowl Club Coust Cobweb Cockr~too, white Cocoanut, green Cocoanut, ripe Cocoanut shell Cocoanut fibre ... Cocoanut bud
.. i }tndamudn. I A.na. m rHl:Hnwla. . l\[uk.t .. . ...
for making petticoats Cold Collar-bone Cornu Come Come here Conch (shE'll)
.Kagura ... 'l'agau ronlw Pee Aieni, ai11oa J<}varai en i Buu
... 'I Koatu
.... ~farP:L
I
I Vaon:r
Gogotll Kapi
Kolwu
Aiva Kubare
Hagasaga
. Are limuu
I
1 Dagaornva
)[airu Din l <'t'l.
~fuga I Nogara, nogarapaui!u
Gore 1 OnetereJJa Emegi Goina
Kado ... Ama
Xakura 'Kom
... Bee
.. . Aienine aiau
: Bobogi
118
Engli~h. Domara Dialer·t.
Contract... Kora Cooking-pot Umu, ponua Coral Budi Cora.l, brown Budi korau Cord, rope Oraora ... Corpulent Beniogo Cough Oko Cover Odidani Crnb Goa, igogo Cmb, land, edible Gonm Drab-claw Gom:t maia Crane, great Mog:t CrPek Guina dagota Creeper . . . Tinari Crest of cockatoo \ Orama Cregt of gonra pigeon .. U ru Cricket . .. .. . .. . A wag a Crocodile 1 Vaia, wama Crouch I Aurisadi, ti isadi Crow Gai Cry Ini Crip Liusisi Curly Tarokiokio Cuscus Aura Current goes down Mamava geroito Current goes up(theriver) Keta dani goita Cut Torasiau Cut with axe Oioi Dance Barn. Dark Daughter Day Dead Deaf Deceit Deep Deep, there the sea is Demon ... Diarrhrea Die Difficult ... Dig Dine Dingo Dirt Disease Distant Divide Divide the tobacco Do Dog Door Double Downwardg Dream Drink Drown Drum Drv Duck Dumb Dye, to (black) ... Dysentery Eagle, fish Ear Ear, cavity of Earring of shell ... Earthquake Easl; Eat Eat much Edible Edible, not Egg
Torra Nina Ban
... 1 Opegug1t
... , Oa, oeiya
... · Obe
... I Amne obe adam~
... i Loa · Beni diilasera 'Bau
l3ia:t gigi ltavir:tvi bon:ttaia Garu ;;ourai Dari Gidagicla Oara Adabaudi Miniaua Kuku mini:ma Oisiail ... Dari. veai, otu ..• Boti Ara :wa ... Iou garau Nii Si si Urugutu Gaba Uraura Naraasi Muu Yatubatnba Bini sii latera rala Amua Opo Ope poti
J4Jgg, albumen of fJggshell... Egg, yolk of Blbow Empty ... Empty tin Evening ... Expectorate
JYiu ru mauru l\{uru aua 1YI uru unaua Igutu, gegPta Patiri Bio patiri Lavi-
Extract (a spra1•. &r.) ... Eyeball ... Eyebrow
Arima, oku Dechawn Ini
Eyelash ... Evelid Eye, pupil of Faee FaH down l!'alse Fal~ehood Pamilv Fm~tiri'e ... Fan l<'arewell .. . FnAen .. . [<'nHten hands .!<'at 1<'11ther [:fear }'east Feathm· FeelJll:' Fence ]<'ern Fever Fight Fi11ger FiniRh Fire Firefly Fire, inake a Firewoo•l ~·i~h Fisl1, euttlr }'islJ, dog Fish, dorRal fin ot Fi>lh, pectoral fin nf' l<'i;-~b, tail of Fish, to s pem·
Inigogu Inigaga Inipapa, iniopi ... Inimurna Audlro ... Oiguruta Oa koikoi Oa iaema
None Yolo uniani (?) Oni oni an Haaibadi
. .. lmn badiba!li .'Hona
... Ahai
1 Dobilmni, rlnhi ...
....
1
Jf a tuna ... Jlmm papn •.. , Bt>ro lwrn
Vi1·ia
"' vrven i g:m i hannga ...
. .. lma dmi Enarlea, kokotn Eu Odari Ea gabch:ln, eu knhn.li 'reu Or('bl' G-uiYa Ota Tarotaro Gcbi
I<'ishlunvk. large l·'isllimwk, whi1 e- headed Fishhook
Ki, orebeki Orebo o<loda Amua A.gamato Gau
Fish net ... :Flacr Flag~taff nosh Flog -Flood Flood-tide Floor, plankR of }'lower ... mower see(i :Fly (s) ... Fly, housP Flv. blow F;l(l Food Foot _Foot, sole of Footprint Yool :Forearm ... Forehead Forenoon l•'orest Forgel
Odi 1\fnka G-ora
Artwt•n ... One Lora Lom Nagama, lcvob I.Aarnnga La:n'lnga gerom Aurob0ta Sisi
. . . Auduri, andoi
... Autaga Ninau 0' o, oidem:t Bika Oara Wan Rarantu Dnna bunubunu aate ...
A botna
La vi Arimu
Ini
Ini obina
... lldana
Riba obaoba Aura None Vuro ada (?) Oni bai
Mona
Dagurn Vararin1. Uru Belobt>lo
Yerun Suuri
Eu
Ch·epe
Gau
Be be
Sauna Keakeu Keta 1\-famara
An11.lora
Idi idi Au patm
Ovara Dab a Rarausu U nnri punubnnu aunalea
120
English. Domara Dialect.
Fowl Kamu kamu Aama ... ]~resh water
:Friend ... Nabu, daivegi :Prog l'roth Full, after food ... Fun Fundament Garden ... Garden, to make Hate Girdl0 Girl (}ive (}ive payment Give tol1aceo Gmnv GoUl'a pigeon Go Ho awav ... Go (in 'feal') Good Good to rat Goodbye Grns~ Gm~shopprr G-ravn Grnxol Great Green Groin Guest Guide (v) Guide (s) Hum ... Gun, report of ... Hail· Half Hammer, to Hammer, to strike with Hand.
Bura lain, benkou
13oto Mndava ::\faio
lYari Avita, toren Evasi, miniau Ti po. mi11ia.u 1\nktt aminingea Naunnu Be be mu Babai Ono a Dobiono Enadeo, eboebo IsiRi ehoebo Ami Buribnri
Bautia One Ogodn Papa, mokairiri Ab:maho
lsauai ... Isanai emegi Di Kururn Uru Odioro ava 'rmniduki Oioi lma
Handle of paddle Haste ... ... Hat
.•• i Jnmima
He Heatl Head, sore of Head ornament ... Headache Hear Heart Heat
: Aiveuna Keakea Aclegi }[oru ... Orotata A (1oborc
X:mi nani Roruna, nua Otaota ... Guba, rw,gara Heavens ...
.Heel ... Umauml'l Here High High hill His Hip Hole IT orn, blow th(\ ... Hornbill .. Hop Hot Hou~e House, lenn-t.o How mm1v Hunger.:·. H unf (kangaroo) Hunt (men) Husband H vbiHcus, double red Hybiscus (vau), URed m
rope-making
Uni or oni, evara Ognde Oro ognde I11a Obe Poti Bobogi 13ina Ekoigoneta Otaota Ul'U Kapa Ava Onu deu:w Lnivara ...
i Baeaittvini ' Ena avesa.
Outo Varu
Ganu gamu Aama
Pam
Odiekeri Kogara onu 'l'orea )lini
Napuna K1bogi Gmi
Ogota Goragorara
l\l:airu Dialect.
Tautnaua Idauni.,;i Idmmil'<i emegi X one
Uru Oclioro ava
lma paba
]\{nru
)\Ioru iaia Xani wmi -~ramn Otaota Nogara
}~vam
Pia
Pina
Ol.a ota Huru
Onu T.1aim Paeavini }~na avesa
... I WarP
121
English. Dom1n·a Dialect.
I Idiot fguana Ill ... Inhale smoke lnlancl Intestine Iron Jackass ... .fade (stone) .fehovah ... Island Island, big Interpret
Jaw Harena ... Job's Tears, necklace of Da<ltLro ,Joint of fingers .. .. . Boro bcro .Juiee Di .rump Peru pem Kangaroo Mari Ki()k Httibai Kidney ... . .. Koikoipo Kill · Maia, mai nmi ... Kingbird Vaaupio, vakui Kis:ol )futi muti Knee Turuna Know V egarai Know, l do not... ... 1! Dana, ninani, davagaraia Knot .... Badi badi Knot, double Ipam Knife Bau Knife, cut with... Akwakoko Ladde1· Orabo Lagoon Omna domnvi Land On<' Laugh Torn Laughing .T ackas<> Koro tutu Language .. . .. : Riba LaHhing of thwart~ ... I Sinari .Lay down Odi Laiy Seriedn Leaf . • Auabeb, bPga Leaf, vein in Beka}ita r,eft side Leg Leg ribbons Lepro"y ... Liar
Au ~"' u pope Amai
.. . Omarie ... Liberal, generou~ Vevoni g:mi [,iek T,emanm goba ... Lie down Vivi, vui, wigenarirPt.:l Lif(r 1\<fami ... J.ight J~u Lily, native Areare Lime Lele or Lere Line, ~ounding . . . Oro or0 Lip Bihita Little Gigiri, kinavoi ... Little, very little bit J\'Iato kinavoi Little bit . . . Daugo mati f1ivo-·they live at Burumai Bammai drt~~rit·eia Livm· · . .. Arame Load Eva I,oins Doi I,o,)k Eraa Long Long ago Louse Lungs }faintain Mammary gland Man Mango Many
Boade 'rum a. Burabura Oro Amagatu Mariomnio
Togoda, teriade
.A unig:1
J:'om u
Uti noauoara Arena
M ani Vnmeri Kwaikwaibo )Iaiau
iN . 1 1 am "ovo
... 1
• Ona ... , ... :Soru
l;;pe aura Au
:Mnil'u Dialect ..
Opaopa emegi V eveni ogota Mai (lainiini Uiui Mauri Maeamaea
Re re
N og1t pipita Ginovoi
.. Eva Pia
Ham a
Noga A 1·ame
Taumana
122
English. Domara Dialect
Mast Mat
Yea Epa
Mate Medicine Meeting ..•
... Bauta
Men Message .. . Midday .. . Milk Mirror ... Missionary Moon Month ... Morning Morning. Early in the ... Mosquito Moss JYiother ... Mountain Mouth ... JYiouth ornamen1 Much Nail, finger Nail, toe Name Name, what is hiR Navel Near Neck
Man a Oraorau Emegi Ila osilonaa Nina, asae ... Amaisiresa, nma Iaukiori Auda . ~ .. Doveri, Dllwere Noga Nina aioi V:twaisana Nemo Au A dei Oro
Kekema, hal~a.bore Seriada or terhhb lmatoe1·i Antoeri )1auuua Enomaunua Inibo Dadabaui Kubtui ... Oro Necklace
Necklace of fhtt gJ•omHl i Kota ra shells
Net, hand Net, small Night No Noise Noon North Nose Nostril Oar Oar, pull Obey Occ[put ... Oil Old Ophthalmia 0\d Outrigger· OysteJ• ... Paddle ... Paddle, blade of Paddle, haml.le Palm Palm leaf Pandanus Parroq uet, red Path Passage, in reef Pawpaw Payment Peace Pearlshell Pepper, eaten with betel
nut Petticoat Pt>rineal band Piece l'ig Pig, boar Pigeon, blue Pigeon, goura Pigeon, white
Oisa Odi Garu Kokoa, lmkoi Goruru Nimt asai Teba Duruma Duruma poti Goga Goga kaia Nanaia Geguna Lia
Gini Tiro Rev a Revn goba Rem va Aria, imataku. omaga Om:iga helm · Du a Niviri Laea
Pins in outrigger Pith of tree Plant, to Plate Platform under house r .. Plait
Omaga Anatinai Gaditaia Aboma Goniga Tau tau Poupou 'l'eriade Papatawatnwa Evara
Plait, undo Plenty ... Pluck Pole, for poleing canoe Pole, to push with ... Odaisi Poison, used for fish Present, gift Pull an oar Pumpkin Purpose ... Quick Quill Raggiana Rain Iiaft Rat Red Reef Rejoice .•. Remnant Reply Return Rheumatism Rib Right side Ringworm, scaly Ringworm, not scaly Ripe Rise up ... R1ver River, large River, small Rob Roast Rock, basalt Roof Root Rope Rotten Rotten wood Round ... Row a boat Rumour ... Run Sack Sago :Sago tree pith Sail Sail, to hoist Sail, to lower ... Sailing double canoe Saliva Salt Salt water Sandfly .. . Saw, to .. . Scrape .. . Scrape the ta1·o ... Scrub fowl Scum Se:• See Seed Seine Sell Shadow ... 1-ihame ... Slmking (of fever)
Tutu l\linioni Goga 'l'ugeru, boioi
Vevauna Papagogoia Tiake, orai Guba
Lalalala
A me Kwaruna Ho Aiero
Larikita lata aura Papari Ginai
Idarata Gwina ... Gwina ogoda Dogodei Vedati ... Gabugabu Goibo A to Tai Goga Mormnoru Ana morumoru Taro kikirota
. . . Sebere auauere Korauta Owee Loa Iririka, erie~i .. _ Loro ... Oiata
... Oioi
... Iyau
Gorogoro
... Gatii
... IYara
... Veveni ona
Ditara
Bailo Ogota Oure Laralara Voru Ame Maato Ho Ero Boo Iaraasela Iada aura Poapoa Garau Vagiri
Bonm
... V etutitaati
~{airu Dialect.
.. • Oruoragauma
Goga itaiti Vuvuna
Munu, soba Otei
Laea epa.
Arimu Damena Tari
Loa Erieri Ana gona
Mai
124
English. Domarn Dialect.
Shark Sharpen... ... Shave, with obsidian Shell, pecten Shell, sea Shell, smttll conel1 Shield Ship Shirt Shoal Shoulder Shoulder blade ... Shout Sick Signal Sister Sit Sit down Skin Skull Sky Slap the buttock Slap the hip ... Sleep Sling Slowly Smalf Smell (v) Smell (s) Smile Smoke (v) Smoke (s) Smoke, to draw
baubau Snake Sneer.e Snore Snout Soiled patches Son Song Sorry, to be Soul South Southern cros~ ... South-east Sow (v) ... Speak Speak slowly Spear ... . .. Spear, to throw ... Spear, fish Speech Spew Spider Spit Spoon Spot Square Stalk Stand up Star Stay Steal Steal a wom1m Stockade Stomach Stone
Mamara ati Orara Pokuma Gadidi Orara Vesi Orou Muka
... Gara Odasiau Udi Riba lmu Noga Aioia Arimu Bio Iriripa Kiridudu Didi Idiira Visiu Aauribei Omokari, oma ... Avesei Darata To nu
Stone, from goura pigeon's stomach
Beni, booml. Go m ana Goibo
Stone axe Stone axe, head of Stone axe, the tying of ... Stone axe, handle of
Ua Ota tauna Ota tia Ota orava
Baea
Vesi Orou
Gabi Larolar·o
Marai Toana Napu Auri
Obi Ur·u mom
... Uiui
Naniuovo Bonana Lea
Pautu
:Mio Aseia Noga pibisa. Gogosa
Oeva M:tti
Iau Gabina a11 r:t
Botea aura Bae:ma
... Udi
Ripa Kobi araea
Arimu
I diu Auri paupa.u
' Oma
Dinae Kwaipo
... Ripa
:\>Iairu Dialect.
E11gli&h.
Story Straight ... Strike Strike. with fist ... Strike a match String String, small Suck Sugar cane Sugar cane, to cut
lengths Sun Sun rises ~m1 is overhe:otd .. . Sun goe;; down .. . Summit ... Swallow ... Sweat Sweet potatoes ... Swim Tail Tail, stump Tall 'l'aro 'l'attoo Tc:tr (v) ... Tears Teeth That '.!'here Thigh Think Thou Throat Throw Throw awaY Thumb ... " Thunder Thwarts ... That man there ... 'l'here the sea is deep Thorn 'l'ide, full Tide goes out 'l'ide rises Tie the hands To-day ... 'l'obacco ... Tobacco wrapper Toe Tomahawk Tomorrow 'l'ooth, incisor Tooth, molar Traitor ... Translate Treaty ... Tree Tree, large Tree, smtLll
125
Domam Dialect.
.. Liba Tirilaulau Oto Verua \V apokari Oro Gigiri Ama dururit.a Oau or Ou
m Ou tliroborobo
Nina N in a aideta Vani aurieta Hin;~ Nina guduwaniet<L Kekena Noto Immu Kanua Luru Munu Boso Laugmm Tebere ... Tarotaro Anta Ini aama M a
Adade, arara Obe
Evegi, la(?) Unari Odati Oviovi Imatokitoki Goru Iado Ada ege Al'tma obe adana Sini Aama ura Mamara oni oni
. . . A uketa aiota, aamatari Ima badi apava
Kuku ... Napet·a Autaga Gilo I. sou 1\<faa Kagina Otavoi emegi Vanoa raisaugut i Goro Ana Auera Otu
Ayaya ... Kepore 1\<Ioruu Ayaopi Oro gigil'i, :miani Tabatal'tc Amai
J\biru Diale<'L.
Tina
Ke;~kmt pemupemu
Maina
Ou
... Nina
... Nosusaea
Lolorolo Basnna
... Raurata Sepere Tarotaro vavoai
Ini aama Maa Atano Atate Mu nu Dunati Ga Unari
Ita rase Kero
Eva eva Kuku
Dopugu Itou
Vanovo Gora Ana
Goragora
Ekena Tore
... / Aea.e
1\-Iaina .. Dinitapa.
Arnai I Aptti
126
Domam Dialect.
Untie Unwind ... Upwards Venomous Vertex YiUage Vine Vomit Voyage, go on Walk
Uwatai Deuroroto
Moru Mari Anaia Gobi Daiv~tra oui oui Onieta ... Riigonieta l\1ani
Walk backward Wallaby Wallaby, catch ... War
. .. Mani o datiseau
·warm Warn Warrior... :Maimai emegi, kara emegi Wash . . . Owoti, utouto Water ... Ama ·water for drinking Ena.debua Water, fresh :Mami Weep Ini Weighty U rumu ... Wet Nuda nuda West Avara ... What ... , Didada \Vhat name . . . Ganu mamma Whether ... I Where ... . .. i Ab~tdea, abOde White ...
1
Go m .. . \Vhitemen ... 1 Hauda .. . Whiskers ... ! Eia rima Whistle... . .. 1 \Vowo, kotu Who ...
1
Aunai Whose the canoe Aunai ena vaona Why Abaua Widow Wapu Wife Aueta Wind Aru aru Wind, land. Sepa Wind, north-west Avara Wind, south-east ... 1 Bodea Wind. south-west ... ! Eva ropo Wind into a ball .... Bunuta Wind round Vh-i araha "Wing Papa, lealea Woman . .. A use, aveta Wood Ana World ... . One bata bata ... Wound . . . . ...
1
. Amai Wrapper .. . l.Vlapera Wrist ...
1 Umau~~
Yam ... : Ua, obm .. Yam, to roast I Obiri kabukabu Yawn ... I Agata Yaws Amai 1rear 11ioro Yellow Kwabu kwabura Yes ... · Kotu, gara Yesterday 1 Ilova I ... 1 Ia, vinegi (?) Thou ... I Ga, denegi He or she ... : Adege ... We ... 1 Gea We two . . . . . . .. . i Enicheri We (of a great number) I Adei You ... : Gana, i\'egi (?) They ... 1 Utogoda My ... 1 Vincga .. . Thy .. . i Denegi .. . His ... Oiegi enoibaa Ours . .. K ekena Yours . .. A ea ana Theiu ... i Omana ...
Ini Bau ona
Y[ari
... Baepae
~Iaimai Otaota
i Pirioo
liairu Diale('t,
Ma.imai emegi, gara emegi
A am a
Ini Pailo
Gabina aura
Pa
:Eme erne Emegi goeagoea
Emt avesa Ani
Avega Ana One pata bata
Obiri
Rioro
E Ilovo I a Ga Ateg Kea
A ea Oma Iaina Gana Ategi ena Kekena omaua Aea ana.
... 1 Omana
Each This That
Engli;h.
Some otherl! Anv one .. . An~Jther .. . Who What \Vhich His WU11e
That man there ... \Vhat is thi~ What is that Come to-morrow Brill" me a toconul Wh~~·e is the chief Are they good ... Are thev bad Where is the road \Vhat do you want
this · This is my present
YOU I wi~h to buy a pig M:y hand 'J'hy hand His hand Our hand:< Yonr hand" Their handK }lv head Tli,- head Hi~ head Our head~ Your heads Their heads Mv father Tliy father His father Our father Your father Their father .iYI ,. mother Tl~y mother His mother Our mother Your mother 'Their mother niy banana Thy banana His banana 0 ur banana Your bannna Their banana .1\Iy pig ... Thy -pig .. . His pi~ .. . Our pip; .. . Your pig Their pig Little Yerv little Bio-"
"' Very big l go to-day Thou <rOC!<t to-dav He go~s to-day .. ~ \V e go to-day ... You go to-day ... They go to-day ... I went yesterday Thou went vesterdav He went yesterday "
127
lluu:am Dialect.
Omu uunt Aei Adana I mm Umu .Ere Aunoa Dinta Abu OJIIU
Eno miiiin ua Ada ege Diadai ... .c\.dn dida Big~1vai .. Ama (niu) asiguiau Ogumegi n bonarona Memero onci ... ill cmero oreokei J,aca abate
foil' ~va ona uiaia tlipo
for ] a ina ,-eveni una
In bora:t 1oivoi otae Iainainm Gana ima Ategi ena ima ... Kekena ima. Aea ana ima Omana ima Ina moru (:;ana moru Ategi ena moru Kekcna moru ... :\ea ana moru ... 0111:ma uwru Jnaabai Gana almi Ategi en a abai ...
... i Atcgi entcva onisa , 1\oa evaeva onisuo ' Aea evaeva onioni I Oma evaeva oniseta la ilovo mmate Ga ilovu onaeaie
' A tegi ilovo onaea. ...
Mu.iru Dia.led.
iOu..uomu
1 Evana
'Atara ... ; lana •••
1 Omu ... 1 Ere ... i A.unoa ... 1 Tmta
! Eva omu.
~:va diata ... i Ata diattL .... Isou aipaia •••
1 A ma gato omu evagoi ... ! 1\Iari vere abote ... ! Onm at a epoepo .. • ! Oma oreore ... ! Laea a bote ...
1 Eva diata sipo
! ••• j laina. veveni ona gana
i •
1 Ina bora!t boiboi raotaea. ; lua im a. 1 Ga.na i nm
Alev;i enn ima. i 1\.ek,ena ima
Aea ana ima Omann. ima
• Ina uru : Ga.na uru
A tegi ena uru Kekena uru Aea ana urn 0 mltua uru lna apai Gaua apai Ategi ena apai Kekena apai Aea ana apai Omarm apai
... lna atci Ana atei A tegi en a atei Kekcna atei Aea ana atei Omana atei la eva ina lavasa Gagana 1avasa. Ina lavasa Kekena lavasa Acaana lavasa Omana lavasa la eva ina poraa GagantL poraa Ategiena poraa Kekena kekena poraa Aeaana poraa Omana poraa Kivouai Kivona kikiri Ogota Ogota ogota la evaeva onaa Ga evaeva pu& onisa Ategi evaeva puaoma onisa Koa evaeva puaoma onisea. Aea cvaeva onisea Oma evaeva onise la ilovo onaea Ga ilovo onaea
... i Ategi ilovo ona.ea
128
English. Donmra Diukct.
\V e went yesterday Kea ilovo onas<t You went yesterday · Aea ilovo onoo They went yesterday · Oma ilovo onooa I will go to·morrow • la isouatae oniseta 'l'hou wilt go to-morrow , Ga isouatac onisaa He will go to-morrow . . . Ategi isouatac oni:m We will go to-morrow . . . Kca isouatae oni~aa You will go to-morrow... Aca isouatae onioni They will go to-morrow Oma isouatae oniseta ... I do not go to-day • In, evaeva touioni Thou dost not go to-day 1 Ga evaeva taonioni ... Jle does not go to-day .. ·1 Ategi evaeva tonioni \Ve do not go to-day ... Kea evaeva tonioniei ... You do not go to-day ... , A ea evaeva toniouiei ... They do not go to-day... Oma evaeva putonioni .. I did not go yesterday .... la ilovo tonaa ..• Thou didilt not go yester- I Ga ilovo tonaea
day
l\eluim Dialect.
KeeL ilovo onasa "\ea ilovo omum Oma ilovo onoo Ia isou onisaa Ga isou onisesa Ategi isou ouisesa Kea isou onisesa Acre isou onisesa Oma isou omseslt
. Ia evaeva tonisaa ' Ga evaent oni;;a · Ategi cvacva oni~n.
.Kca evaeva tonisaa Aea evaeva tonioui Oma evaeva tonioni
· Ia ilovo tonaa Ga ilm·o tona<e
. Ategi ilovo tn::1.ea ' Kea ilovo h1~;te\a
He did not go yesterday 1
Ategi ilovo tonaen We did not go yesterday 1 Kea ilovo tonasa You did not go yestm·day Aen, ilovo tonoo They did not go yesterday Oma ilovo tonoo [will not go 1o-morrow I Ia itou :'lonioni ... Thouwiltnotgoto-morrowj Ga isou sononi ... He will not go to-mot•row I Ategi isou taonioni W ewill not go to-morrow ! Kea isou tonitet:t You will not go to-morrow: A ea isou tonisoo They will notgoto-morrowl Oma isou toniseta
. . . A ea ilovo tcna.ml Oma ilovo tnn~tetl
1 don't know ... . .. : Davigaraia
Ia itouatae tonisaa Ga isouatae tonisa Ategi itouatae tonisa Kea isou i.oniteta · Aea i~ou tonitet& Oma ison toniteta
I wash my feet... . .. 1 Au owoti There is fresh water there \ Mami evadea I give a knife to thee . . . G:tno bau minarai
(3.) ABORIGINAL VOCABULARY 01<' THE DABU 'PRim;.
TABLE SHOWING CEH'l'AIN PRINCIPAL '\VORDS, ETC., US .• ~D BY ABOllinrNALS OF 'fiiE DABlJ TRIBE,
ANTI MOJtE OR T.ESS UNDETIS'fOOD BY OTHllR TnrnES BETWEEN JY10WATTA AND THE MAI KussA,
oN 'l'IIE CoasT OF Bnrrnm NEw GUINEA.
(Some words have been taken from the 11eighbouring Toga tribe wheu the two dialects differ.) One : Tupidibi Two : Kumirivi '.rhree: Kumireriga Four: Kumirivi kumirivi _l.l'ive : 'rumu
[They try to manufacture compound words to represent large numbers, but they really count only up to five.]
A or one : Tupudibi Ache: Itarara Above : N unkala Adze : Pamlm Afternoon : Aipunan Albino : Palkuma Alien (foreigner): Wiagu1la All: Tamaiimbi Anchor : Dodoro And: Kumuriagi Anger: Komgagaragan Ankle: Nikut or 11ikoti Answer: Napena A.nt : Nana Ant, black: J'ija and 1itumor Ant, green : Anang Anthill : 'l'ogoro Ant's nest, on trees: Kurubu Areca palm: K:tgo Arm : Tang arms, to extend, as sign of
peace : Osiai
Arrow: Tabora Arrow, to shoot an: Si pun Artery, vein: Petauron, !JC·
kui Backbone: Dogurakut Bad : Gagir, gagirakun Bag : :!\:fakamalm Bag of rnatwork: Nyanga Bag, large : Rate Bag, small: Nhang Baggage: 'L'umudag Bale : N aiparinga Bamboo: Tol Bamboo clump: Hagalital~ Bamboo knife, for cutting off the
head of the fallen enemy: Ita Bamboo pincers, for roasting
vegetables: Kumman Bamboo pipe: Turuku Bamboo pole : Tala Bamboo, strip of: Wadir
Banana : Opa, wo Banana fruit: '\Vupa Banana tree : \V upa dam Bark (v): Gue Bark of tree: N adubul, dirnap Basin : Palagogi Basket: Enyaunga, sep:ta, gn:tng,
01· maka maka yandan Bathe : Niminigan 13ay: Kopa Beach : Dardar or sulum Beads: Kusa (same as Saibai) Beard : Takum Beautiful : lpinuma, tebakom Beetle : ::::Jeresere Beg . N amal-naginga, Belly: Kom, kam Bel(: Korana Belt, of .rob's Te:: t·~ ~ Pepat,kop Betel-nut: Kuiba Bid: Muleige Big: .Rate J3ill or hPak : :M:uru Boat • Gara Tiowstring : Tangi Tiird : l:'apa Birth : Aipunau Bih1: Dangdang, uaJaran, or
koze Black : Kuta, kutkut, dabar Blind lkapcheche Blood : Mem, mam
Blue : Traraip1tr Body: Pol Bog: Inatu Boil food : Trontromang or dauri
i kanagiri Bone: Kut Border or edge : Ate 13ottle £or lime : N akadab Bottle o£ glass : Bama Bough o£ tree: Dagi Bow (arrows): :Yiamul 13owels: Kom, or dadul Rowl, pottery: (None) Bowl, wood: (Noue) Box: Dadok Boy : 1\ugi, ze;r.ag Brain: Mul Branch : Dagi Bread-fruit: Korko, kulw Breadth: Busamul Break: Tdwpena Break, ~:~kull: Bunakadaban Break, stick : N atikamin Break, ~tring: Nutepene,chapena Breast or bosom: Gnam Breath : ~1\amtit Bright: Nntimi Br.ing.: Atan, ike, or nomtrl·
lillOIIl
Bring water : lne atan Broken: Upudaban Brother, man'~ elder: Amil-ne
k:tpa, mochen Brother, man's younger: Muina
mul, :l3Iunyen Brother, woman's: J\Iaun Brown: Koala Burn : N atom an Bury: Aunagan Butterfly: Papapi, Nipurigan Buttocks : Iki, kum:t Buy.: Tupribibin, or buudrug-
mma By-and-bye: Awawadi Cage : Pamanagoan Calf o£ leg: }iankopa, Midra Cal£ o£ leg: Mankopa Call: Mule Calm: Gubiemin Candle: Yu Cane : ldida, wadir, boch Cane, with broad lea£ : Karo Cane, with narrow lea£: Aaro Canoe: Gar Cape: Kurug Carry (on shoulder): Mata
wenenagal Cartilage, thyroid: Yenkumkut c~ .:k: Hankmkur Ca.s~owary : Diram, Dirum Case : N agin Centipede: KonlO Centre Amilmpa Chest : 'rerateral, dor Chew : Itenil Chief: Ghaga, musing-rabi,
mitang Child: Rugukad, kasalrami-rug Chin: Teba Cicatrix : Korbur Cigarette: Jakpanandig Chtw: Tirnipu Chty : Dardar Close, o£ the eyes : Chet Cloth: Kabutre Cloud, dark: Dabar dag, igura Cloud: Dag, war Club, stone : Baje, buide Coast : Iti
uaipine L,ong : Tnpiamnl Louse: Bunmet, koban Loop and toggle, for carrying
home the head of the enemy: Udngagi
Lungs : 'l'ikap JYiake: Naume Man: Rabu Man, old : Mada Man, young : Chichi rabu Mange: Anang Mangrove : Pe JYfangrove, large: ovoo :Ylany : Yuag Mast : No name Marrv : Butima Mat (A pun Matches : Guigui Medicine : U ruaniatnlag :l\1eeting: Gangu ultuna Message : Tunangnaibi l\lliddav: Yaba tu karneda Milk: "Yida lVIirror : Maridan 2\1iss, in shooting: Nagumua Missionary : :l\1issionari JYfoon: Quar, quak Mosquito : Boinja Morning : Bobodanu Mountain : Tukurne
Mouth : Talam, bodo Mother : Yai Much: Tomaibi :Mud: Pele ::\1urder: Rabu ibdan Murderer: Habu ibdan Mussel : Kat Nail of finger: Iture Name (s): Bin, bina Name, what: Banibindinai Navel: \Vunkum, unkum Neck: Pak Necklace: Amuta Necklace, of Job's tears: Pepa-
takapa X et, fishing: Kudenaldan, gura Night: Kuteme Nipple: Nono No: Indan, bagin, dunai Noon: Yaba tu kameda Noise : Arari North : Kurnag Nose: Murung Nostril: Ika Nose septum : Papui Nut: Ubiam Oar: Kaba Occiput: Kote Old : N atang:1t Ophthalmia: Ikapnes Oriole : Inuutut Oyster: It Paddle (s): Kab<t Paint, white: Minuminu Paint, red : l\!Ieam Palm, Palmyra: W alagai Palm, nipa: Dargnar, walPngai Palm of hand: Dhag Pandanus fibre: Pume, pome;
also the tree Pandanus leaf : Kitar Pandanus, in grassy country :
Mare l 1andanus, in fresh water: Saga Paper: Buga Path : X uingo Parroquet : Balo P11ssage in reef : Tankor Payment: l\fue Peace: Piuda, Ooigi-bajin .Peal'l-shell : Quar, quak; the
same as moon l'epper, eaten with betel-nut:
Not known Petticoat : Pite Piece: Kasarttmi na parna Pig: Mule, chimela, sasa, simara Pigeon, white: Weluwelu, welwel Pigeon, blue: Chuba; Goura,
pugi Pipe, of bamboo : Turku Pipe, hole in : Ika Pipe, open end: Ukro Pipe, closed end : Pataka Pipe, tobacco wrapper: Toka Place, place yams on fire : Nab-
dicra Plait': Yi Plant, to: Ototune ne benan Plate: Kwat Play: Tonge Pleased : Maike Plenty: Uog Plenty of bread-fruit: Korkouog Poison (s) : l"tonaija Pole (for poleing canoe) : Sur Potato, sweet: N aia Present, gift: Yuga be namin
gal
Purpose (s): Galeige Pull rope: W abidio Pull an oar : Garai Raft: Tutunagal Ragfiana: Amura Rain : Igurai puuyin Rain cloud : lgura Rat: Makat Red: Mamam Reed: Boch Reef of coral : Maja Rejoice : Pinapinatonea Remnant: Ko kop Reply: Nape nape Report of gun : Daramang Return: Imine Rheumatism: Igidibi Rib: Tatan Right side: Atomparegin Right hand : Ba-ar Ringworm, scaly: Kamb kambi Ringworm, not scaly: Kambi
kambi Ripe: Bumugan River: Peinja River, small: Tang Roast: Kire Road : N yungu Roast potatoes : N ai kire Roast taro : W ototo kire l~oast yams : Gaegai kire Roast wallaby : Tag kire Rob (v) : Gomerani Hope: Kaab Row a boat : Garai, kabanane-
nipuaro Rumour: Truindan darmiuaga Run: Putukupi, wujiji Sack: Ototominyangda Sago : Bisi, imi Sail: Garapun Saliva: Koka, burme Salt : Gagorra, gagor Salt water: Adabour Sand: Chirum Sandfly : Boija Scrape: Kokoru Sea: Bau See: Raboi-ikopinagan Seed: Kapa-biu Shame : Ibiminagan Shark : Raidamo Shave: ·rakumnatugia Shell, breast ornament: Didiba Shield: Not known Ship; Bota Shirt : Kaburtoi Shoot with an arrow : Sipun ;
with a gun, Tabara Shoot a cassowary: Si pun diram Shoot a crocodile : Sipun kaja Shoot a kangaroo: Sipun tag Shoot a man : Sipun rabu Shoot a pig : Sipun simir Shoot birds : Sipun tumu Shoot iguana : Sipun tomi Shoot snakes : Sipun diber Shoulder : Mata Shoulder blade : Poder Shoulder Blade: Dago kut Shoe: Toi, same as skin Shrimp or prawn : Guiji Sick: Tudu Signal: Anabunganaiketha Sister, man's: Mann Sit: Domina, adami Skin (s): Toi Skirt: Pite Skull: Pot
131
Sleep: Inu Sling ( s) : Not known Small: Kad Smell ( v) : M ure Smell ( s) : Mu re Smile : Tungoimi Smoke: Imo Smoke tobacco : Sakaba nani Snake: Dibe Sneeze : Achi Snore: Gararam Snout : Murutupia Sole of foot : Nimkora Son: Rug Son-in-law: Pojag Song: Tongnoi nabadaba Soul: Aunke South: Keteropu South-east: Wura Sow (v): Ohimalkut Spear, fighting : Pudi jiwi Spew : Maunjeje Speech: Umule Spider : Anang Spit, to : Kaksipun Spoon: Utotoma Stand up : Gogabor Star: Piro Stay: Bindininau Steal: Gaumar Stingaree : Timer Stomach : Komratiagan Stone : Dadar Stone axe : Buite Story, tale: Adi Strike: Tokwai, nabod Strike with a stick: Goja String: Kab Sugar : Koini makana Sugar-cane: \V ora Sun : Iabada, yabada Summit : Tukume Swallow (v): Nunagnya Swallow (n): Kwakwatir Sweat: Wumur Swim : Sasa, so sa Tail: Chere Tall: Ikrechajag 'l'aro : Otota, ototo 'rattoo ( v) : Patpatir Tears : Gnanitar 'l'eeth: N gui, gnoia 'l'hat: Ogdan There : U tali Thigh: Bora Think : Badiankupag 'l'hroat : N unkup Throw a spear: Dangadanada Throw away: A.ipuna Thumb: Mag Thunder: Dudulu Tide, flood : Kokan Tide, ebb: Nubadigan Tie : Marenjak Tie one's hands : Pulpul Tobacco: Sakaba To-day : Kanabag Tomahawk: Ka cha rame, turick To-morrow : J angwi Tongue : Dogmar Toothache : ·w aibeam Traitor: Tuarimiyan 'rJ'eaty : 'l'unekiami randan Tree: Ratira 'rree trunk: Pant Tremble: Kaker True: Imamul Turkey, 8crub: Kek Turtle : 'V aru
'rwilight : Osiunang Twine: Kab Twine, to make: Rateta 'rwins : Kumiri wogigan Twist fibre: Rateta Ulcer: Ute Umbrella tree: Kukara Uncle : U rna rabu Upwards : Agabun Village : A worra, ~agida ma Venomous: Kudunran V omit: Moini Wallaby: Tag Walk : N aibinyun, Ibibiaginin War (s): Goija-angidan Warm (adj.): Totorop \V arn : Trunangnaibu \V arrior : Mokonaiban rabu \Vater: I ne "\V a terfall : Not known \V ealthy man: Iklejawaka rabu ·web uf duck's foot: Tama Weep: Anaginin, ngane Weighty: Yeklabudwak West : Aapunan Whelk, shell: Pora Where : Mochen Whether: Utalinaibu Whistle: Pomera White : Para paran \Vhitemen: Kaber Wife, spouse: ~1:ura, gumuumara \Vind: Bue Wind round : Gnanai Wind round: G'nanai • Wing_ o.f bird: Kum, Nipuru-
T : N gana, Gna,, una 'l'hou: Bungu, bungo You and I: Bungugnaainev He or she: Bwainen \V e : N gami, gagi maulidag You: Bibi, bibidagwe 'l'hey: Ubidag, dedonengdan Mv: Umudan Thy: Ubudan His: Ubudan Ours (exclusive and inclusive) :
Binedagwe Each: Ekenapeobre This: Gen That: Deben Some others: Dobedag Any other: Tomamdag Another (different sort): Tongo Who: Aai-imnan What: Agdan Which : Aia aia What name : Binag da What is this: Dibi agadan \Vhat is that : Dibi agadan Come to-morrow: Kanaibag wia Bring me a cocoanut: Umurai
tomine, ngoi
What do vou call this : Banibinba ? Banibindanai
Out house: Ibama, iba gulagma The house of you two: Baia
ngana iba mada My hand: Ngamo tang
132
Thy hand : Bane tang His hand: Obu tang Our boat: Ibagara, or ibagula
gara Your boat : Bina garda My head : N gamo bun
(4.)
Thy head: Bane bun His head: Obu bun ~fy thumb: Ngarno rnag 'I hy thumb: Bane mag His thumb: Obn mag
ABORIGINAL VOCABULARY OF NADA (LAUGHLAN ISLANDS) .
. 1. ~n this dialect a large proportion of words end in a vowel so short that it is often difficult to reco~mse 1ts p~esence, aJ?d very freq1_1ently impossible to determine accurately what the vowel real1y i~, as d1fferent natives use drfferent termmal vowels for the same word when they are made to pronounce 1t slowly. In many words within the final vowel is omitted, if it really exi~>ts, as it could not be pronounced b.f a stranger without to a large extent disguising the word. W o~ds will therefore frequently be met With ending in a consonant. It seems to be as correct to write" anad" (village) as to write it "anada "; "man (bird) is as correct as "manu."
2: The dialect presents a sound which probably cannot be written in our alphabet. It seems to be used mstead of "d" or "g" in some of the neighbouring languages: for example, the "kez~1" (road) of Nada is the "kcda" of Sariba, the "zizaga" (toes) of Nada is the "gigina" of Sariba. The proper sound is not that of our "z" but more like "zh" or "zsh." . 3. The Nada people have no clifficultv whatever in pronouncing two consonants without anr, mtervening vowel sound. A feature of the lari'guage is the frequent occurrence of "w" after "g, k, p, b, ' "k" after "m," and of "l" after "g." "Igwela," feeble; "aukwecl!t," door; "aropwis," basket; "busibwasi,'' cocoa-nut; " umka," mist; "vagla," oar.
4. The Polynesian element is not on the whole so strong in this language as might from the geographical position of the group have been expectell. As Nada is only some two score of mile~; from :rt'Iurua it is naturally closely related in language to that island ; indeed, they possess many worus that are common to the two. The following words may, however, be considered to be current Polyncsian
Nima: hand. In N ada the form Teuia : couch shell Kitoku : walking stick "lima" presents itself in "ak- Imata: dead Kuva: vam wailima," five "Matan:t : eye Papatutu : be wet
Sin ana : mother Tam:ma : fathe1· I ua : fruit 'Manu: bird An ad: village, land Kinura,: saliva Beba: butterfly Kutu: louse Lela : paddle W aga : canoe 'raura.rak: great chief Tabuna: ancestors V ana: chloasma Babalau : long Ilan : walk Niu: cocoa-nut 'Veu: sting, liar
5. The Nada language is a combination of poverty and riches. It ha,; for example the word " igiba" for bad and enemy; "guiao " for chief, generous, rich, and property holder; "anacl" means both land and village. On the other hand, it has names for the different fingers; for cocoa-nuts at different stages of growth. It possesses convenient forms for counting and indicating the days up to five forwards and backwards, and for expressing two -- 11ve of m, &c.
6. The examples given will be sufficient to convey some idea of its grammar, which will be found to be of very considerable interest. The extraordinary flexibility of the possessive pronouns, and the sin~ularly rich and it ~ay be said beautiful inflections and combinations of the verb, render this language, whiCh would otherwise on account of its arrangement of the consonants be rough and harsh, almost euphonious. ~
For the purposes of comparison and illustration the grammatical examples nre repeated in the Sariba tongue, which was printed in last year's Annual Report, page LH. They will be found to have a striking resemblance to each other. 'l'he grammar is, perhaps, more Polyuesian than the vocabulary.
7. A comparison of the N ada language with that of Kiwai, one of the most westerly tongues of the Possession committed to writing, is of great interest. It would probably not be easy to find two languages that have less in common. The word "mere" (child) of Kiwa i~ the "m em" of N adn. There are bvo other words that may have an etymological relationship-the" urio" (demon) of Kiwai may be connected with the "aruo" of Nada, and the "topo obo" (fresh water) of Kiwai may have some affinity with the "sopu" of N ada. Bnt as the two langna.ges do not seem to touch at other points, these may be merely coincidencell.
In grammar they are also essentially different.-~ w· .M.
T.A.nJ,E SHOWING CEltTAIN PRINCIPAL .\\roRDS, ETC., USED B:l: 'filE A1l0RICHNA.LS OF NADA
A or one ; A tanok Abduct : Dagona Abrasion: Sasok Ache: Kapis Active: Itukomoteta adze· Kemta Mternoon: Yanadi Albino: Papao Alien (foreigner) : GuUlanumu All : Arauni, ikus All right: Des Ancestors : Tabuna Anger: Tavikun Ankle : Tatuwagu, Epineta
(LAuo:rrr,A~ IsLA~ns).
Answer: Kumeka Ant : Siboieku Ant (grey) : Tepita Ant (black): Simomogola Arm (my) : Nima(gu) Armlet (plaited): Biasia Armlet (of shell) : 1\'!ara Arm-shell (broad and white);
J\fasiwaru Arm-shell (narrow): Likiralm Arm-shell (narrow. made o£ white
Baggage, his : Inawekwis Baggage, thy : Muwekwis Baek oars : V aglakasuena Bale (n) : Tubatoba Bamboo : Rusa Banana : Bola miiila, imwcla,
molomoela Bark of tree: Busa, ~:enina Basket, wide mouthed : Ainada B:tsket (three that tele~cope) :
Aropwis, kira Bay: JHunorn Be: Keak Beach: Avalara, beak guduna Beads, white: Papao okoiu Beads, red : Okoiina zizugu Beads, black: Gunugunu okoin Beads, blue: Ligalaga okoina Beard: Gabu Beautiful : Karanmia Below: Bidai J~elly, my: N uagn Belt : 'l'ilituru Belt (of ground red shell) :
Aromoi Betel-nut: Gauira Below, downward;;: vVabidai Bid: lhta Big : IUtuwai Bird: l\f.anu Birth: Katus (also to fall down) Bite: Agad Black : Gunugunu Blind: Ikao Blind (wounded eye): Kagnrig-
waru Blood: Bn'iai Blue: Gunugunu Body, my : Inagu Bog: Sapas Boil, food: Ipura Bone, my: Tatuwagu l~one, of cuttle fish: Burinaga Border or edge : Dadau Bottle for lime: Pwao 13ottle, glass : Husa . Bough of tree : Lalagu Bow (arrows): Gipola Bowstring : \V ewa Bowels : Sincu Bowl of wood or clay: Gaebu
(In Nada bowls arc all of 'vood)
Box : Dcdawaga Brain : Paneta Branch : Lalagu, sakoin§u Bread : Ikuikft Bread-fruit : Pwerera Breadth: Kabilak J3reast or bosom: Kurabagu Breast of woman : Sesegu Breast bone: Kurabagu Breakers: Molara Breath: Kauvai Bright: K aramaia Bright, the moon is : Karamaia
waikona, Bring: Kukwauwa Bringmefire: Kukwauwagidagu Bring me salt"·ater: Ikeu lora
( FfFften rt brothe1· spertlcs)-Brother, my elcler: Bodagu Brother, my younger: Tauwagu Sister, my elder: Leugu narnola Sister, my younger: Leugu iin
kiketa ( fVhen a sister speaks)
Brother, my elder : Lengu
133
Brother, my younger : Leugu Sister, my elder: Bodagu Sister, my younger: Tauwagu
Brown : Ligalaga Burn : Ikas, igabu Bury: tlteku, taterlm Butter, fat : J\fomon Butterfly : Beba I3uttock: Melagu Buy: Gimaru Bye and bye : Mian Cage (small house): Koba kikita Call: Kulnro (Go and tell him to come) :
Kurubnkwa hem Calm: Niwara Calf of leg (my) : Kipomagn Canoe : \V aga Canoe outrigger: Dam Canoe platform : Tateta Canoe hold: Iporara Cape: Kola Calophyllum Tnophyllum: Kakam Cassowary : Yoiy:n·o Carry in hand: Ilusa CarrY on head : Iruna Carry under arm: Ipwisia Carro on back: Ipapai CarrY on shoulder: Ikewena Carving: Rere Catamaran : Daula Casuarina : Kiaru Centipede: '\Vfmto Centre: Kiketpumpum Certainly : )'[ unida Chest, my: Kurabagu Cheek : tlirabagu Chew : Akuka, lmkwaku, memen Chief (means property owner) :
Guiao Child: Mera Chili pepper: N elrt Chin, my : Larigu Chi oasma : V ana (disease not
known at N ada., and therefore they use the \Vamana word "vana '')
Cicatrix : Isua Cinders : Gerika Clay, soil: Dibonugu (no real
clay at Nado) Cloth: Kwama Cloth of cocoanut fibre: Nita Cloud, blaek, cumulus : Roo
Gunugunu Cloud, white, cirri : Roo papao Cloud, generally : Roo Club, of ebony : Gava (none
n~ed at N ada) Coast : Valara lelen was Cobweb: Apa pari Cockatoo, white: Atakela Cocoanut: Niu Cocoanut fibre: Unununa (same
a" down or small feathers) Coeoanut milk: Sepina Cocoanut kernel : A yen in a Cocoanut shell : :Smaosa Coeoanut husk : Alseuiu Cocoanut, two months old: Guru
guru Cocoanut, four months old: Tera
pamu (best for drinking) Cocoanut, fi,,e months old: Busi
bwasi Cocoanut, seven months old :
Nimetun
Cocoanut, eight months old : Nudal
Cocoanut, ten months old: La ben Cockroach : Anabunaarua (white
cowry, shell of demon) Cold : ::Yiizhisa Collar-bone: Tatuwagu Comb: Digeriwa Come : Kumu, panena Come quickly: Kumu wauwaru Come here : Kukw:tiako Couch : Teuia Coo1dng-pot: Kuina Copra: Labena (ripe cocoanut;
ten months old) Coral, branched: Laza Coral (mushroom shaped):
Dagura Cord, rope : \V ewa Cork : Zigogu Corpulent : Katuwai nuan Cough: Iboka Cover: Kurabo Cowry, white: Buna Correct : Didumaru Crab : Rakuma, rabuk Cra,vl, Idara Cravfish: Sibakari Cra~y : Ikakon Crocodile : U ragola Croton: Tagasas Crouch: Stotoa Curly: Piripira Current: Lera Cuscus : K wadoi Cvcas circinatis: Tuba !lance: lsara, kaiwosa Dark: ldeduba Daughter, my : Itugu Day (sun rises or sun risen):
'rararaga silasila Day after to-morrow: Butola Dead: Imata Dead house (spirit boat): Aru'
wag' Deaf : Ikakona Death: Imata Deceit : Lerukwai Demon: Nibogawa, aru Dianhcea : Isirenuana Die: Imati Difficult: Pisala Dig: Kubaga Dig yams: Sitalola kuvo. Dine: Tagadu Dirt: J\IIusa mosa Divide : Silao Disease: Katona Dish, of wood or clay: Gaeba Distant: KaHbalau Ditch: Rai Dive: Anubwaba Do: Tanan (What dost thou?): Tom' tananu Dog: Kawaiaro Door: Aukwed:t Double: Kura pumu Downwards (fall) : Ikapur! Dove: Tubuiu Dream : Amukon Drill (for boring shells} :
Avigigla Drink : U sopu Drinking water: Sopu Drown (he dies in the sea; '
kapis l'orenoon: Madeduga Forest : Itetua Forget: Abulina Fowl: Kokoreko Fowl, cock: Kokoreko tau Fowl, hen: Kokoreko iin Fowl, wild: Koruita. }'resh water : Spimola Friend: JY!unasona Frigate bird : Dauka Frog-none in Nada l'ruit: Avenina, iua Full: Kasawa Fun: Mamaku Gale: Katuwai laiua Gall : Kineruna Garden : Bagu Gate: Aukweda Generous : Guiao Ghost: A'rflo Ginger : N elam Girdle: Tilitura Girdle, going between the legs:
Roza Girl: Iin kikita Give: Kutokwega Good : Karamaia Goml (of children): Ikapata God: Mumuroba Go: Kulan Go away quickly : Panina kulan Good bye: Tenerno Governor : Taurarak' (greatest
man) Glass : JY!i:;:eribn Grandfather Grandmother Grandchildren ~ Tabuna Great grandfathE:'r and I
mother ) Grass: ~fusa mosa, Ilagoba Gras8hopper : Manikika Grave: Rega Great: Katuwai Green : Ligalaga Grindistone: Samata Grit : Dagura Guest (seems rather a person
invited to work a passage) : Gusageru
Guide : Barara, katanaka keza Gum, of mouth : Dalagu
Gum, of breadfruit-tree: Irud Gum, hard : Geu Gun: Rusa Hair of head : Kulugu Hair of body: L"nunugu Half : Katapwan Hand (also includes arm) :
Nimagu Handle: Narai Hang : Sigigia kuliona Hang up something: lkalagwega Haste : Panina, wowara Hat : Gamadou Head: Igena Headache : Kapis lamagn Hear : Argenin Heart: N opuuna Heat, of fire: Midameda Heat, of sun : Muyamuya or
kamom Heavens: Karbimeta Heavy: Imwfm Heel : Zigihma Here: Etun High : Katuwai Hip: Alegu Hip bone : Kuverigu Hole : Porara Hole in lobe of ear: Poraratinagu Hornbill (not in Nada): Bina Hot : Midamedi Hot water: Kwaiwosa (tea) House: Koba House post : Tetuia Howl: Iguau Hunger: Gamula Hunt (animals) : Mumwena Hunt (men) : A 'lusa H11sband: Dagona Hyades: Akeum Idiot : Kakona Iguana : Karavas, kumara Ill: Katona Ill tempered : Anenila Inclined, sloping : Gelara Inland : Kasbalao Instep : "\V aklotanalegu Interpret: Kurubu kwebu Iron : Aramunum Island : Anada kikita Jaw, upper: Digurana matagu Jaw, lower : Gilaregu Joint: Kiraponi magn Kick: Kulas Kidney : Anakweta Kill (generally) : Iel::t Kill a man: Tautokwina Kill a woman: lra meta iin Kill a fowl: Karamata kokoreko Kiss (by smelling): Kwiubosuna,
Leak (without a hole): Imasopu Leak (through a large hole) :
Iporara Left side: Kikimau, obamatu:
to the left in steering, borukn Leg: .Alegu Liar: Rarukwai Liberal : Guiao I>ick, with tongue: Kulmnusi Lie down : Km:en Life: Imoia I,ight (noun) : Sapangidagn Light (adjective): Ilisa Lightning : Itana Like (v) : Savilagu Like (a): Mawamnigin Lime: Pwau Lime gourd : Lagiima Lip (upper or lower): .Awagu
· Little : Kiklta Little, very : Kikiita Lily, native, white: Bob an I,imespoon : Kena LivPr: Ata Load: Imau Looking-glass: Mi~eriba .Loins: Nanena, luwagu Lobe of ear: Poantinagu Loiter: Ilaimwemsa Long : Babalau Lou1>e: Kutu Lung:! : N opouna )fake a canoe: W aga ginura :M:ake a net: vV usa iliiena Make a cleaning in the bush :
Skareriwa Make a garden: Ibaga Make (or build) a house: Zururai
koba Make fire : Kuauna gidagu ]}fan: Tau; old man, tomula Mamma, my : JYlatana sesegn Mango: Kasau Many: Kabuba Marriage : lkaruna Mast : Skwereu Mat o£ sewn Pandanus lea£:
Saga Matches: Masis Medicine : Aibuia ~feeting: .Alaksa, tasim vadai Message : U sa kuru bukwa Mid-day: Lanai Milk: Avenina :Milky Way : Rapui JVrirror: Miseriba Missionary : Missionari ]\;fist: Umka Moon : W aikena Month: Waikena (m'de year) Mosquito, large with whitish
legs: Simunika Mosquito, small black: Borabora Mother : Sinana Mountain: Kola Moustache : Gabu Mouth : A wagu Much : Kabuba Murder: Yella Nail, iron: Aramunumu K ail of finger : Kakugn Name : Larana (What is the name of thiR ?) :
Yuyawa Plume, small white : Dagra Poison: Ib6gau Pole for canoe: Kiwara Pool : Likorik Poor: TO'I'a
Pupil of eye: Mutunu pouna Pot, clay: Kuina Present, gift: .Ateloia Pumpkin: Suguera Purpose : Tanan sivilam l~aft : Ataduba l~ain: Kwes Rat (means also mouse): Sima-
namu (none native of N ada) Red: Zizuga Reef: Saru Rejoice : Kalausalm Remnant : Sima Heply: Kumeka Rest: Alawas Return : Kuliis Rheumatism: Kapis Rib : Lirugn Rich: Guiao Right side : W al ui; to right side
Moteta Sneeze: Boanas Snore: Iroiita Snout: Ubusun, awam Snout, long: Babala awam Soil: Dibonogn Son : Intuna Sour: Lalan Son-in-law (~ame for daughter-in-
law): Lauwagu Song : Oosa, wera Soul: Arno Sole of foot: Gunavata Sorrowful: Porevera South : Y arsa South-east: N ovita Sow : Iin buruk Spear: Nuguna Spear, to throw: N uguna adu
wena Spear, balance or poise : N uguna
arumane Spew: Lagobu Speech : Kurneka Speak: Livan Spider : Boboss Spit: Kinura Spoon : Alaka Sprout : Siborana Square (no word for it in Nada) Squirrel: Ledledi Star: Utuna Star, morning: Tuiarn Star, evening: Tabuna Stand : lrnezira Stay : Kukweaka Steal : Kuveiuau Stingy: Moro moro Steer: V evis Stomach : N uagu Stone : Legura, dagura Stone axe : 'rakamesim Story, tale: Ayuo Stone chisel for making holrs in
building canoes: Raru Strike : Kubaru, iela Strike a match : Kularn, Straight : Didumara String : W eu Strong man: Tautautona Sugar-cane : Tou Sugar: Tou Sun: Silasila Sun, burnt by : Sinasilasila ' Sunset : Silasila obidai (sun goes
down) Summit: \V okoloapan
136
Swallow (v.) : Kutalana Swim: Agala l:lweep house : Koba ataleu Sword, of wood: Purutu i'lweat: Bona Sympathy : Karinuagu Taboo : \Y ara Table: V erera Tail : Yeyuna Take: Kuwors Tall: Babalau Taro : Sinasina 'rattoo: Kutukwato Teacup: Osa Tears: Mutknlina Tear un : Sareta Teeth, -incisors: Gudugn Teeth, mohtrs : Kumatugu That : T·ona There: Etl'm Thigh: Gunialuln-mutalnlu Thick: Debuba Thief: Tautaviviuau Think : Miana lakonn, 'l'hread : ·w eukikitia 'rhree-fourths : Kawadona Throat : Tabwagu, guna rowera Thunder: Parapara Thundershower: Bwau Thyroid cartilage: U row era Tide, flood: Doba 'l'ide, ebb : Mmnara, itauila Tired : Alawas Tobacco: Muku; smoke tobacco,
mukuagaba To-day: Etu Toothache: Kapis guduna 'l'ongue : Sapagu Too much : Kabuba To-morrow: Buriga Day after to-morrow: Bntola The 4th day : Hulas The 5th dav : Bulirn' Tomahawk~ Tamra Toes : Ziziga Great toe : Zizilagu Second toe: Skata Third toe : Kadoai Fourth toe ; 1\fareris Little toe: Skuki u Traitor : Kasmasom Translate: Kudubukwegu Treaty : Kotolnn Trepang: Aravesusu 'l'ree : Sakwcreu or skereu Tree trunk : Talaruena Tree crown : Skulina T·remble: Tlipora vertom True: Munita, Turkey, scrub: Ililiririna Turkey red : Missionaria Turtle shell: Gonam Turtle, hawk's bill: Gonam Turtle, green: Unuragu Tumbler: Osa 'rusk of swine : Doga Tusk (imitation, made of shell) :
Dmmkom 'l'wilight : Yanadi Twine: W eu giligili Twins: Papapa Ugly: Igiba Ulcer: Gupuka
ce ·· t ~ ? r~otalmua In 1\1:urua and retuming-. In Nada. I
..f...J d~,.... ~ ~ [3 ·~ I
? I~evitamu ;:::: >H>- ::: .s ;::: \l Kisnra Go to Murua.
Return to N ada. 0
""" o:s ]\ci:uch : Gensa E-<
" I April: Lerus
~Remain at home and work at copra-0: lf, Q
<!.> ~t: ;:; ? Atutara j..-; > ;:::: .....
I ? Anamatona
,- making . z ;:: ? Zhim October: }V[ira mara
'The Lavaata stars are Gumitav (Pleiades) and Kiaza (Orion). They are their compasl'l star>~ fm· travelling to and from 1\furua.
Yellow: Ligalaga (green) Yes: Ta, ee
I: Togu Thou: Tom1
My: Togu
YeRterday: Nag6u The day before yesterday : Aka-
niiiu ·
He or she : Tonft We: Toda
'Thy: Tomu His: Etona Our8 : 1'omaia Yours: Tom is 'I'heirs : Tosa 'Each: Kwoitara \Vho: Bamra \Vhat : Tamm
Three days ago : Akanatola Vour d!tys ago: Akamtlas _Pin• days ago: Aknlimaua Touug: ::Vleru,
Eng1hi1L
What is this ? What is that there!' What is that £or? Come to-morrow ... Bring me a cocoanut Where is the chief ? \Vhere ill he ? Are they good? Are they bad ? Where is the road ? \Vhat do vou waut for this ? This is a presentfor you ... I wish to buy a pig l\fy hand Thv hand .. . Hi~ hand .. . Our hands ... Your hand~ Their hands My hend Thy head .. . His head .. . Our heads .. . Your headB Their head::; My father ... 'I'hy father His father ... Our father Your father Their father Mv mother Thv mother His mother Our mother Your mother Their mother Mv bauamL IJ.'hy l1anana His banana Our banana Your banana Their banana
We two : Aditeiyo \V c three: Aditeitolu We four: A ditcivas We five: Aditeinim You: Tumis They: ~rosi
X a~ Dialect. Sal'iha Dittlect.
E'ton taml.u ? Salm temeta P Tanau etonoue? Teina saha ? Tenenan ? ... ... . . . Saha kaua? Bur'iga lma, buriga lmma ···J Maraitom kuraoma Kukwauwa busibwasi ... ... Niu knbahiyama Guiaoamaw:1n? Guia amkalakwa ?, Haina bada? A me tun ? . .. .. . 1 Haina vemia ? T:.tus etuu kara maiako ? . .. Senama'~ama ? a us e un 1g1 a . .. . . ..
1 a agero . I 'I' t . · 'b ? · E b ?
1 ICeza amawana ? . . . ' Haina ke(la ? .... 'l'om tavan savi.lam ? Saha kuhenua teina ( ••• I AtelOia etun Koa yem genauri
.. Nimemi Komi nimameu Ninuisa Sia nimadi I genagu Y au kurukurugu Igenamu Koa kurukurum Igenana Tenem kurukurnna Igenada Kita kurnkuruda Igenami Komi kurukurumeu lgennsn Sia kurukurudi Togn tamagu Yau tamagu
I Tom' tamamu Koa tamam Tona tamana Tenem tama1m
, Toda tarnada Kita tamada · Tomi tamamia Komi tamamei Tosa tamasa Sia tamacli Togu s1nagu Yau sinagu 'I'omu sinamu Kmt sinP.m 1'onu 8inuna Tenem sinana 'foda sinada Kita sinada Tomi:<inemi Komi simameu 1'osa ~iuusa Sia sinacli Togu bula milila ... Yau egu baira \li d b t Tom u bula milila... Koa em baira n gar ~u : 11
Tona bllla milila . .. Tenem eua bairn for eatmg, .rau T d b~l -·1 K't d b · - kuau ba1ra o a u a mu1 a . . . 1 a e a a1ra j "' '
i, Tom'ia bu~la mil1'Ia i. Kom· eA n b · same as yau . ... . . . 1 r aua k • Tosa biila mfiila ... .. . 1 Sia edi baira agu yam a
My pig 'l'hv pi•~ Hi~ pig Our pig Your pig Their pig My canoe Thy canoe •.. His canoe ... Our canoe ... Your canoe Their canoe My houAe .. . Thv house .. . Hi~ house .. . Our how<e .. . Your ho11se Their houRe Mv laml Thy land His land Our land Your land ... Their land ... My fish Thy fish His fish Our fish Your fish Their fish
English.
Agu bllruku Amu bUr6.ku Ana bur{IIm Ada bfir(Iku Ami b6.d1ku Asi bUr6.ku
138
... ~ Togu rJi ¥v::tga
.. .. To mu mu wagn.
. .. : Toni na wag a ' Todi da. waga i Tomi mi waga : Tosi si waga I Togu na koba
.. I Tomu mu koba
... i Toni na koba
.. • I Todi da koba. Tomi mi koba Tosi si koba Togu-na anadn Tom u m' anadn Toni n' anada Todi d' anada Tomi m' anada Tosi s' anada Togu gomota Tomo momota. Tona anomota Todi damota Tomi mimota Tosi simota
Sariba. Dialect.
Y au egu buruka l Koa em buruka Al' b t 'f Tenem ena buruka Ive: u 1
K ·t d b k (' cooked, vau 1 a e a uru a k • k K . . b k aguburu "a om1 em1 uru ·a Sia edi buruktt / Yau egu waga Koa em waga
. . . Ten em ena waga Kita eda waga Komi emi waga Sia edi waga Yau egu numa Koa em numa Tenem ena numa Kita eda numa Komi emi nnma Sia edi numa Yauegu koia Koaem koia Tenem ena koia Kita eda koia Komi emi kcia Sia edi koia Y au kagu yama Koa kam vama 'L'enem kaiia yama Kita kada yam a Komi kami yama Sia kadi yama
There is no comparative and superln.tive (Adjectives not compared.)
Eabagero Bad of adjectives.
Very bad ... Little Very little ... Big Very big
I go to-day Thou goest to-day He goes to-day We go to-day You go to-day They go to-day I went Yesterday Thou w~nt yesterday He went yesterday We went yesterday You went yesterday They went yesterday I will go to-morrow Thou wilt go to-morrow ... He will go to-morrow \V e will go to-morrow You will go to-morrow They wiil go to-morrow I do not go to-day ... Thou dost not go to-day ... He does not go to-day We do not go to-day You do not go to-day They do not go to-day I speak Thou speakest He speaks ... We speak ... You speak ... 'rhey speak I give tobacco Thou givest tobacco He gives tobacco .. . We give tobacco .. . You give tobacco ... They give tobacco
Togu etun elan .. . Tom' etun kulan .. . Ton' etu' ilan Tod' etu' talan Tomi etu' ilan
... I Tmm etus ilan • Togu nag6u ala.n ... Tomu nag6u alana Tona nag6u ilana Todi nag6a talan ... Tomi nag6a milan To si nag6a silan .. . Togu buriga alan .. . Tomu buriga kulan Ton a buriga- ilan ... Todi bur!ga talan Tomi buriga milan Tosi bur1ga silan ... Togu etun gewam alan Tom' etun gewam kulan ...
Eabagero kakariri Gagirina Gagirina konekonena Rakirakina N abuuabutuana
Madai yarao Madai kurao Madai verao 1\fadai tarao
... , Madai kwarao
.. . ~Iadai serao
... : Lahi yara6ko
... I La hi kura6ko ••. I Lahi vera6ko . • 1 Lah~ tara6k? ••.
1
Lah1 kwaraoko . . . La hi sera6ko • .. I Bena maraitom yarao .. . 1' Bena maraitom kurao .... Bena maraitom yerao .. . I Ben a maraitom tarao ... \ Bena maraitom kwarao . . . Bena maraitom sirao
. 'roda temeka 'romi mimeka Tosi simeka Togu gunn.muku kutokwega Tomu imumuku kutokwega Tona inamuku kutokwega .Toda idamuku kutokwega Tomi mi.muku kutokwega To si simuku sitokwega ...
Madai nigeri kwarao Mada1 nigeri sirao Yau yawaro Koa kuwaro Tenem vewaro Kita ta~aro Komi kwawaro Sia sewaro Yau yamosei tabak Koa kumosei tabak l'enem yemosei tabak Kita tamosei tabak Komi kwamosei tabak Sia semosei tabak
139
:'i'ada Dialect. sariba Dialect.
T buy a pig Togn bnruku agimara Yau yahimaisa buruka Koa kuhimaisa buruka Tenem vehimaisa buruka Kita tahimaisa bnruka. Komi kwahimai~a burnka Sia sehimaisa burnlm
Thou buyest a pig Tomn bnrnku agimara He buys a pig ... Tona buruku igimam We buy a pig Toda buruku agimara You buy a pig 'l'omi buruku agimam They buy a pig Tosi buruku sigimara I build a house 'l'ugu unakoba zururai Yau yakabi numa 'i'hou build'st a house 'l'omu imukoba zurnrai Koa ukabi numa He build~ a house Tona inakoba r.urumi 'fenem yekabi numa We build a houKe Toda dakoba zururai Kita takabi nnma You build a house 'l'omi mikoba wrnrai Komi kwakabi numa, They build lt house Tosi sikoba r,ururai Sia sekabi numa 1 plant yams 'l'ogu kuva abaga Thou plant'st yaml'! Toum umkuva kubaga
Yan yahuai kwatea Koa kuhuai kwatea Tenem yehuai kwatea Kita tahuai kw ate a
He phmts yam~-1 . .. . .. Tona inaknm ibaga We plant ya.ms 'l'oda idakuva dabaga You plant _yamR Tomi miknva ibaga Komi kwahuai kwatea
Sia sehuai kwatea l'hey plant yam'! Tosi sikuva sibaga I throw a spear .. . 'l'ogu nuguna adlhvena Yan yatu wamari 'l'hou throw'st a spear Tomu nnguna kudawena He throws a spear Tona nuguna idawena.
Koa kutu wamari Tcnem yetu wamari
\V e throw a spear Toda nuguna tadawena ... You throw a spear Tomi nuguna midawena
Kita tuatu wamari Komi kwatu wamari
'l'hey throw a spear .. . . .. 1 'fosi nuguna sidawena You go to-morrow (2nd plural) ...
Sia setu wamari 1\faraitom kwarao
You went yesterday (2nd plural) ..~.Vote.~ 1st person plural: Ta.
Kudubu kwedu ... Katanoka
Labi kwaraouko
Kudobi kuarorau Kesega segadi
Go and tell him ... Thev are the same Brii1g me fire . .. Kukwauwa gidagu
'l\tBT,E SHOWING CERTAIN P&rNcrPa.L ·woans, ETc., usEn BY ABORIGINAJ,s oF NALA. CoAsT TRIBE,
CENTRAl, DisTRicr, BRITISrr NEw GuiNEA.
One : Kaonamo 'l'wo: Lua Three: Kui Four: V a11i Five: Ima Six: Kalakoi Seven : Kalakoi ka Eight: Kalavani .Xine: KaJavani ka Ten: Ouka Eleven: Ouka ka Twelve: Ouka lua 'rwenty: Lua na vui Thirty : Koi na vni Forty: V ani na vui Fiftv: lma na vui Sixty: Kalakoi na vui Seventy: Kalakoika na vni Eighty': Kalavani na, vui Ninetv: Kalavanika na vui One h'undred: Sin a vu ka One hundred and two : Simwnka
lua, Two hundred: Hinan1 lua, One thousand : Sinavn oulm (?)
A or one : K aonamo Ache : Eanana Ad:r:e : Iakudana Afternoon: Ravak<>ni
Albino : Didikoakoa (?) Betel-nut: Buakau Alien (foreigner): N ao Bellv: Boa All : Bounai Belt": Kukua kauna And : Mai Beetle : Manumanu Anger: Nuawiavara Bid: Eou (?) Ankle: Atoatona Big: Namana Answer: Davasi oluluva (?) Bird: 1\fanu Ant: Abukn, dimliu Birth: Mauli Arm : Imau Bite : Ealala or ealia Arrow : Siba Black : U mauma Artery : V arovaro Blind: Makauede Asha~1ed : Emararai 'Elood : Lala At: ld (following place) Blue: Umaumana Axe : Ila Body : Gau Baby: Nakuna omaoma Bog: Papu Buttocks: U nuna Boil, food: N adua Bad: tiiavana Bone: Kulia lhggag"' : Tamu Border or edge : Siana, abaaba Bale: Iumi Bottle, for lime: A vu Bamboo : Ileile Bough of tree : Tatana Banana : Ko' o Bow (arrows) : Peva Bark, of tree : Au a van a Bowstring: Maoro Bark, o£ dog: }Ja'au Bowels: Sili Basket: Haleka Bowl, wood: Aunau Bay: Doadoa Bowl, pottery : N au RParl1 : N ahu Brain: Ilou Beads, red : Akeva Branch : Tatana Beads, native: Emoalu Bread-fruit: Povu Beard: Adeu vuivuina Breadth; Vikoa (?) Beautiful: Nama vaike Breast or bosom: PPileu
Breath: Eladai Bright: Viloa Bring: Maivaia Brother : Ijovua Brother, elder: A' ana Brother, younger: Kaain Brown : U mauma Burn: Alovn tour Bury: Kolea Butterfly: Ebebe Buy: Tavatava Cage: l\Ianumauu lunm Call: Aeae Calm, Edaloa, oko Calf of leg : Obibilana Canoe: A si Canoe, big: Aunakoi Cape: Ido Carry : Buala Ca:;sowary: Vio Cave : Bika ilena Centipede: Lala Centre: Boada Chest : Pedeu Chew: Alalamulmmulm Chief: Lovia Child: Nakuna Chin: Adeu Clay: Uli Cloth: Avuni Cloth, white: Deva ana Cloud Oli Club, star: Bugubugu Club, Jllain: Tabia Coast: Kano aba aba Cobweb: Valavaltt Cocoanut,drinkingripe: Niuoona,
niu ibuna Cold: Elu Collar bone : Ono onau Comb ; Ola ini Come: Mai Conch: Bisi Cooking pot : Olaka Coral: Bika'a Cord, rope : Onau Corpulent: Boana namavaika Cough: Nodi Cover : Evakoavu Crab : Tala, eve Crawl: Lao Crayfish: Vau, idua Crocodile : V uala Crouch : Esilidiu Curly: Vui depiu Dance: Neva Dark: Vabuto Daughter: Vavato Day: Melala Deitd: Eba Deaf: Kaiaboo Death: Eba Deceit: Elebata Demon: Oada Devil : Tiaboro Diarrhcea : Roa eanana Die: Eba Difficulty : Ilaulau Dig: Euala, eoia Dine: Poni eaniana Dirt: Obu Disease: Olele Dist:mt: Dauadaua (gutteral) Ditch : I. a va Do : Kahla, evavaia Dog: Oveka Door : N utuala Double: Elelur..
Throat: Ato 'l'ide, ebb: A tu eveli Tide, flood: Atu euku Tobacco : Kuku 'ro-day: V aliu Tomahawk: Ila To-morrow: Avu avu Toothache: Nike eanana Translate: l'Jnone Treaty: Luva Tree:" Au Tremble : Eururu True: N1omoai Turkey, scrub : Amaroa Tnrtle: Aloalo Twilight : Ailala Twine: Varo Twins: 'Ea para Ulcer: lpopo, dna Fncle: Kama lc'e Upward,;: Akai Y euomouR: :Ebagauna Village: Vanua Walk: Daa \V ar: Aknaku Warm: Tiaburi \V arn . 0 ua ·wurrior: Akualmkanna ·water: Voi \Vaterfall: \Vealth or property: Kohu Weighty: Mekau· Weep: Kalmni \\' eo;t: Levo Whether : Oni \Vhite: DeYa ana \Vhitemen: Kau Dcva<tna Who: Dai \Vife: Adana Wind: Vale'a \\ring: Y aniua Witchcraft: Sinoa \V oman: A ate Wood: An \Vorld: Kanobada ipounai (?) \V ound: V uln Yam: Veu Yaws: Iki Year : Vikau Yellow : Laulina Yes: Onieva i~ esterday : La1·i
I: Lau Thou: Oni He or she: la We (exclusive) : Lai \V e (induoive) : Ita You: Oi '.l'hev: Ia My": Laueu 'J'hy: Oniemu His : Iaena Ours: f,ai emtLi, ita eta Yours: Oi emui Theirs : la eta Each: Ka-ka This: Nia That: Evo Some others: V a id a Any one: Ka Another: Eteana Who: Dai \Vhat: Dava \Vhich: Kana ena What is this : Nia dant \Vhat i~ that: Eva dava, na.na
dava
Come to-morrow: Mala (avuavu) boatsi
Bring me a cocoanut: Niu (oona) ka mai
·where is the chief : Vanua lovia a I
Are tl1ey good : Ia nama ani Are they bad : la siavan~ \Vhere is the road: Dala ai \V hat do you want for this: Nia
dava tavana 'rhi~ is a present for you : Laueu
amamr. I wish to buy a pig: I,au boloma
badavara My hand: Lau imau Thy hand : Oni imamu His hand : I a imana Our hand : Lai imamai, ita imata Your hand: Oi imamui Their hand: la imada My head: Lau orau Thy head: Oni oramu Hi~ head : la orana 0 ur head : Lai oramai Your head : Oi oramui Their head: la ol:'ada
142
Our banana : Lai amai koo Your bananas: Oi amui koo Their banarms : Ia ada koo My pig: Laueu boloma Thy pig: Oui emu boloma His pig : Ia ena boloma 0 ur pig;;: Lai emai boloma Your pigs: Oi emui boloma Their pigs : la eda boloma I~ittle: I uiu Verv little: Iuiuna vaika Big~ N amamt Very big: N am~t vaikana I go to-day : Lau valiu badada Thou goest to-day: Oni valiu
bodada He goes to-day: Ia valiu bcdada \V e go to-day: IJai valiu badada You go to-day: Oi valiu bodada, They go to-day: la valiu bedacla I went vesterday: Lau la vi
badada • · 'l'hou went yesterday: Oni lavi
bodacla He went yesterday: Ia lavi
bedada \Ve went yesterday: Lai lavi
bad ad a You went yesterday: Oi lavi
bodada Thev went yesterday: Ia lavi
b~dada I will go to-morrow: Lau :wuavu
badada Thou wilt go to-morrow: Oni
avuavu bodada He will go to-morrow: Ia avuavu
bed ad a Lai
'rhey will go to-morrow: Ia avnavu bednda
I do not go to-day : Lau valiu sia badada
Thou dost not go to-day: Oni valiu sia bodada
He does not go to-day : h valiu sia bedad:t
\V e do not go to-day: Lai valiu sia badadn
Yo~ do not go to-day: Oi valiu sm bodada
They do not go to-day : la vallu sia bedada
I did not go yesterday: Lau lavi sia badada
Thou didst not go yesterday: Oni lavi sia bodada
He di(luot go yesterday : I a la vi sia bedada
\Ve did not go yesterday: Lai lavi sia badada
You did not go yesterday: Oi lavi sia bodada
They did not go yesterday: la lavi sia bedada
I will not go to-morrow: Lau avuavu sia badada
Thou will not go to-morrow: Oni avuavu sia badada
He will not go to-morrow : Ia avuavu sia bodada
\V e will not go to-morrow: Lai amavu sia badada
You will not go to-morrow: Oi avnavu si<t bodada
They will not go to-morrow : Ia avuavu sia bedada
Go quiek: Dakaokao
My father: Lau gamau Thy father: Oni gamamu His father: la gamana Our father: Lai gamamai Your father : Oi gamamui Their father : la gamada My mother: Lnu sinau 'l'hv mother: Oni sinamu Hi~ mother : la sinana Our mother : J_,ai sin:unai Your mother: Ui sinamui 'rheir mother : la sinada nfv banana: Lauau koo ~rliy banan:t: Oniamu koo His banana : lana koo
\Ve will go to-morrow: avuavu badada
You will go to-morrow: avmwu bodada
Come quiek: Da'amai kaokao Oi Finish: lnoku
(G-) ABORIGINAL VOCABULARY 01<' SINAUGOLO.
TABLE SHOWING CEHTAIN PRINCil'AL \-VoRDS, ETC., USED BY A:BORIGINAJ,S oF 8INAUGOLO,
DISTRICT, BRITISH NEW GuiNEA, AND SroKr~N BY SaROA, Rwo, BABAl<A, BoNo, WABURAYA, HAROAKJJ, Gu:r.rrRIDOBBr, AND GAM.~'LL
vas1vas1 Baggage: Kou One hundred: Sinaona Bale: Kumukumn One hundred and two: Sinaomt- Bamboo: Tobo
lua Banana: Gani Two hundred : Sinau lualua B:trk of tree: A ukepina One Thousuud: Dagalana Bark (v): Kwaiva etoruni
B<tsket-: Bosega Beach : Kone Beads: Ageva Beard: G11le lamnna Bc:tutifnl: Namon:t sebona. Betel-nut: Bua Belly: Diana Belt: Gaba gauna Beetle: Gavagava Bid: Noraunagia Big: Bala Big, very: Dagalabala Bird: ¥anu Birth; Egolani Bite: N ogabna Black : Dubadn ba Blind: Mata keri Blood: Lala Blue: Magitarnagita Body: Tau Bog: Nigo Boil food : Daridari Bone : 'l'urigaua Border or edge: Ligina Bottle for lime: Gau Bough of tree: Daga Bow arrows : Bugolla Bowels : Si.nagena
Bowl, wood: Digu Bowl, pottery: Nagu Boy: ::\fero Brain: Yara Branch: Daga Bread-fruit: Gunu Breast or bosom : Lata Breath : Y aga Bright: Kana kana Bring: N oguria gomaia Brother, man's elder: Kakana Brother, man's younger : Talina Brother, woman's: Tobana Brown: Dubaduba Burn: Begalakau Burv: Nu rrulia Butterfly: Kaubebe Buttocks: Bl:1li Buy: Voivoi Cage: Numa Calf of leg : Guabcna Call: Nokea Calm : Bemvaia Canoe: Gasi Ca1Je: lruka Carry, on head : Nogulv::t Carry, on shoulder : N aogoaia Carry-to carry netted bag: Nu-
dibua Cave: Kouga Cedar : I~ala Centipede: Gaira Centre: N uganugana Che~t: Koba Chew : ~ omamua Chief · V eligauka Child : N a tuna Chin: Gale Cigarette for baulJau: Napera Clay: Kwale Cloth: Dabua Cloud: Magube Club, stone: Magi (star), gltbi
War (s): Vagivagi Warm (adj.): Siagulisiaguli \\Tarn: Bev:tgamaguria VVarrior: Vagi vagi tarimana \;Vater: Nanu W atPrfaU: Sisiburi W""eep: Tagi \V eighty : Meto \Vhite: Kurokuro \\Thitemen: Taulmrolmro \iVho: Dei \Vife, spow-;e : Alagona \Vind: Iavara Wing of bird : Panena VVitchcraft: Megamega \V oman: V a vine Wood: Gau \V orld : Tauobaramabarana \Vound: Pau ""Writing: Berabera Yam : \V aburi Yam, Sweet: 1\Iao Yams: Kuiva Year: Guitau Yellow : l3orabora Yes: Oi; aba Yesterday: Golagani \V ealth or property : Kou I: Au 'l'hou : Goi He or She : Gia \\To: Gai; ita You: Gomi They: Gia l\fy : Augegu Thy : Goigemu His: Iagena Ours : Gaigema ; itagera Yours : Gomi gemi 1'heirs: Iageri Each: Ta ta This : lYiaiga That : Amoaga Some others: Gitamaia Any one: Sebona Another (different aort) : Ilau
Who: Dei \Vhat: Kala Which: Aiga What is this : Maikaia \Vhat is tlutt: J\foakala Come to-monow: Boinani bono
iagoma Bring me a cocoanut: Niu ta
nowaigomaia "Where is the chief : V anuga-
velena ainai maniga ? Are they good: ~f.aninamoe? Are they bnd: Manirakavne? "Where Is the road : Dabaln ainai-
manig:t? What do von wautfor this: Mani
robone"kalavoina? This is my present for you: Auna
goi avenimu I wish to buy a pig: A~ni bai
navoi atoni l\Iy house: Auegu nunm
&c. &c. }fy fish: Anagu rnagani
&c. &c. My hand : Au gimagu Thy hand: Goi gimamu Hi" hand : Gia gimana Our hands: Gai gimama ita
gimara Your lmnds: Gomi gimami Their hands : Gia gimari 1'1y head: Au dcbagn Thy head: Goi (tebanm l [is head : Gia deb:ma Our heads: Gai debama ita
debam Y onr heads: Gomi debami 'rheir heads: Gia debari My father: Au tamagn Thv father: Goi tamaum Hi; fatl1er : Gia tamnna Our fathers : Gni tammna ita
tamara Your frtthers : Gomi tam~tmi Their fathers: Gi~t tamari 1\t[y mother: A u sinagu 'l'hv mother: Goi ~inanm Hi~ mother: Gia sinmHt Our mothers : (hi sinama ita
Sllllll'i.t
Your mothers: Gomi sinami 'l'heir mothers: Gin sinari
145
l\fy bauana: Au gagu gani Thy banana : Goi gamu gani His banana : Gia gaua gani Our bmmuas: Gai gama gani Your bananas: Gomi gami gani Their bananas: Gia gari gani ])fy pig, alive: Auegu bai Thy pig: Goigcmu bai His pig : Gia gena bai Our pigs : Gai gema bai Your pigs: Gomi gemi bai '!'heir pigs: Gia geri bai Little: ~f.isin:t Very little: :M:isi misina Big·: Barana V cry big : Barana maniga Come: X ocagoma, Go: Noeaga I go: Au iago I come: Au goma I stop: A u tanu You stop: Goi tanu Bring food and I will buy: Gani
gani nogwaiagoma an ban a voio Briug water: Nann 110gwltia
gomaia Bring ~irewood : Gau nogwaia
go In aut Haveyoufood: Ganiganimaniga? Pour out water: Nanu nusisia Kill a pig: Bai ta novagia :-:lmoke tobacco: Kuku nogania I o·o to-clay: Au mivau bana iago Tl~m goest to-day: Goi mivau
bonoingo Il<> goes to-(lay: Gia mivau bene
lago \Ve go to-1by: Gai mivau bagaua
1ago You~ go to-day: Gomi mivau
bogonoiago 'l'hey go to-day: Gia mivau begene
ia~·o I weilt YCRterdav : An gola gani
aiagoto ·· Thou went yesterday : Goi gola
gani oiagoto lie went yesterday : Gia go la
gani eagoto \V e went yPSterday: Gai go la
gani gltiagoto You went yesterday: Gomi gala
gani goiagoto
(7.)
They went yesterday: Gitt gola gani geagoto
I >vill go to-morrow: Au boinani bann, ittgo
Thou wilt go to-morrow: Goi boinani bono iago
He will go to-morrow : Gia boinani bene iago
We wiU go to-morrow: Gai boinaui bagana iago
You will go to-morrow: Gomi boinani bogono iago
'fhey will go to-morrow: Gia boinani lwgene iago
l do not go to-day : A.u mivau aRi bana iago
Thou dost not go to-cby: Goi miYau asi bono iago
He does not go to-day: Gia mi vau asi beue iago
\V e do not go to-!la y: Gai mivau asi bag:ma iago
You do not go to-day: Gomi mivau asi hogono iago
They do not go to-day: Gia mintu asi bc'gene iago
I did not go ye11tercby: An gola gani asi aiagoto
Thou didst not go yesterday: Goi gola gani asi oiagoto
He did not go yesterday: Gia gola gani a:;i eagoto
We clid not go yet>terday: Gai golagani asi gai~tgoto
You did 110t go yesterday : Gomi golag::mi 11si goiagoto
They did not go yef<tcrday: Gia golagani asi gcagoto
I will not go to-morrow: Au boinani asi banaiago
Thou wilt not go to-morrow: Goi boinani a~i bonoiago
He will not go to-morrow: Gia boinani a~i benein.go
We will not go to-morrow : Gai boinani asi~bagann.
You wiUnotgot~-mor.row: Gomi boinani Mi bogono
Tbey will no5 go to-morrow: Gia boinani asi begcue
The end : Bcnamo
ABORIGINAL VOCABUI,ARY Ol<' TOARIPI.
TADLE SliOWINfT CERTAIN PRINCil'AL \VORDS, ETC., VSED JJY AnORTGIXALS OF TOARIPI, AND SPOKEN IN THE l<JASTEltK B1w OF •rrrE Gn.F OF l)APUA.
One : Falaheka Two: Omolwria Three : Uoisorio Four : Oraoko .rftoko :Five: Befalahelm Six: Raokn. raoko raoko Seven: Raoko raoko raolw lJelb
keka &c., &c., &c.
A or one: Falaheka Ache : H ehea • Adze: Ita mahop~t Afternoon : Sarisukopa Albino: :Me ororolm Alien (foreigner): Nao All: NauapLl Anchor: Fave
L
Anger: KitOu A11klt•: ::\Iorah:tn Answer: Owapaie A rm : Mai Arm, e.dcnd: nL:ti hahaia A nnlet, of Cltne: T~te Armlet, of ~hell: Socc Arrow : Fari~a Arrow, bamboo, pointed: N ae Arro\1. butt: Farisa sarapaia Arr!lw head: J.'arisa do vi Arrow : .Farisa bopa Anow Nhaft: :F'a1•isa boi A now, to shoot: Farisa saia Arterv. vein: Mairere A sh:n~1~d : Bebariti At: Laisi>ia Axo: Ita
Babv : ~I ere beseka Buttocks: Kiruta Bad : Bairoro Bag: Oroa Bag, knitted, large : Arua Bag, knitted, small: Oroa Jhg, net: Korea Bagg:tge : Oroii:se Dale : .Poca Baler for eanoe: l\Iasusu Bamboo: Kilm, teto Banana : Beae Barb of arrow: Farisa tao Bark of tree: Ruru Bnsi n : Seisa Basket of cocoanut leaf: Kauata Baslwt~~telescope basket : Ko-
watta
Beach: Biri Beads : Sorooa Beard : vVharisari Beat : Toia, apa toia Beautiful : N areva. Beetle : Ifo, bisa Belly: Edener6u Belt: Kaba Betel-nut: Efcri Bid : Labirabi boio J3ig: Luvaia Bird: Ori Bird, bill of: Haru Birth: l'ai. Bite: T<mp{ttava Black : Beuurn Blind : Ofa kuku Blood: Ovo Blue: Bcuuru Board: Susu Boar's tus],: Ita kea Body: i\Ieia Bog: Saulm Boil, food: Epaia Bone: Uti Book: K.arora Border or edge : Tao ]3ottlc for lime: Oro frrri Bottle, of glass: Kavapa Bough, of tree : Lakai Bow (arrows): Apu Bow, bend: 'ro itaia, Bow, end of, on which string
restg : A pu ovu Bow, string: Mauru fereia Bow, unstring: 1\'Iauru fareavaia Bowels: Hordu Bowl, pottery : Saisa Bowl, wood: Susu or Sususaisa Bowstring : :1\Iauru Bowstring, lmot in: :M:auru fereia Box, small: Utape Brain: Harufavi Breadfruit : Lanka Breadth : Lowaia Breast or bosom : Haifae Brern:;t ornament of pigs' teeth
hari Brown : I3euru Build: Turai Build house: Uvi tumi Burn: A sukia Bury : Biopaia Butterfly : Pipi Buy: 1'eraitia Cage: Uvi Call: lseia Calf of leg: Molo fare Calm : l\1 a.'\Jm Canoe: Roti Canoe, sailing : Orooti Cape : 1\la,rekea Carry in hand: Awaia Carry, 011 1Jack: Hariwaia Carry, on head: Harowiawaia Carry, on shoulder: Taiawaia Carry, under arm: Oroataiawaia Cartridge, ball : J?arisa Carved small cocoanut: Daka
kare Carving : Karoro
146
Caterpillar : Ka,roroamai Cave: Uta Centipede: Ea pea Centre: Aru Chair : Borovi Chew: Laria Chicken : Kokora mere Chief: Bugari Child: Tute Chin: Whari Claw, bird: Murnharo Cltw ~ Boa Clo;~k: Sa re Cloth: Puta Cloml~dark cloud : Beuru Cloud--white cloud: Veasea Club, of wood: Poti Club, ><tone, disc: i\(uhora Club, Rtono, pineapple: Huhura Club, stone, pine apple shapE~:
(Mokco) lmhura Clnb, Rtone, star : Huhura Club, :;tone, thick disc, with long
handle, from west: llahoru Coa~t: Beasoa Cobweb: 1Veria pouvi Cocoanut cloth bag: Orosoruvi Cocoanut, fibre: La1<eri Cocoanut, for drinking : Lafauri Cocoanut, kernel: I,asa.roma Cocoanut, milk : Ma or Ba Cocoanut, ripe : J..~akoku Cocoanut 1<hell: Haro Cocoanut tree : N a Cockatoo, black: Hiovi Cockatoo, black, crest: Iliovi
sank a Crab: Bi~a Cmwl : Tiritnia Cravfish: Pai<e~e Crocodile: Clmpe Crouch: Hiopairt Cup: Miriki Cup, made of cocoanut: Kakuto Curly (of hair): Savori Cut: Sarap:1i:t Dagger of CasRowary bono: Hauo Dance: Ioia Dark: _Faitahura Daughter: :\I or borescka Day: Sari Dead: Op{ti Deaf: Awmru Death: O{tpi Deceit: Raro hutiii1 Demon : Pasi~i Diarrhooa : Epaia
Die: Opai Difficult : Oserea Dig : Beaisia Dine : ]!'aitaburu raria Dirt : Basirisiri Disease : Ekoroi Distant: Adsavori Ditch: Kauri Do: Etoretia Dog : Abe or ame Don't know: Haveva Door: Utape Door, the opening: Uta Double : Soresore Downwards : vV ai Dragon fly : Sofaisa Dream : I vahia Drink: M a raria ( e::tt water) Drown : .Mais6i Drum: Apa Duck, white: Sorosori Dry the hands after washing :
Bai sirisiri puta suka Dumb: Okuku · Dye, black: Karbauru, karbasca Dysentery : Epaio furarai Ear: Kirori }~ar; lobe: J\fatafroi :Ear, external: Avauta Ear, hole in lobe: Matuta Earth : Mea Eatthquake: Boa pu}miova East: Rako rutai, bautamaruru Ea.t: Raria Edible : Rarito Edge: Tao Egg: Fare Egg-Rhell: Haukafare Egg, yoke of: Suru fare Elbow: :Maikiri Elephantiasis of leg: 1\forasusuru Enemy: Idi :Evening : Faitaburu Ewer: Posu Exempt : Kiripai Expectorate: Peasoe Explosion : Ka Eyeball: Opai Eyebrow: Oputebchi Eyelash: Oputebehi Eyelid : Opute Face: Omopa :E'alsehooJ. : Apeva Family: Elavapi vita ·Famine: Posera I<'an : Biruru :Farewell : Saio Fa!" ten : Fasaia, saipaia Fat: Tapari FeM, Tore Feast: Soka Feather: Behe }'eather, large: Oroitoro :E'eatlu'rR of· cassowary for arms:
J<'ori • :Feeble : :M:afu }'once : Kora }'ence, tu make a, by putting
;;takc,, in ground: Kora lmilm«ukeia
Fence: To tie tlw part~: Kom er01a
Fever: ]kom(•i Fight: Rosori Finger : Mai rakeke I<'ingerR, thumb: Mai toari .Fingers, index, middle, and ring·
finger ; 1\fai aru
Fingers, little finger: 1\Iai rakeka
:Finish : Kao Fire: Ahari Firefly: Sosoru Fish: Ekoka :E'ishhook: Faraoma }'ish trap: Bubu Flag: J)ut11 Flame, of lamp, etc. : Ailr1 ]'lea: Titiri Flesh : Sorova Flog ( v) : Toai::t Flood: Ma roaia Floodtide : Makoti Flower : Mamti Flying-fox: Tamo Flvwhisk : }'ara kosevatoi Fci'::tm : ::\la soari Fog: M::thuvu }'ood : Larito Foot: Moura Forehead: Ibrihari Forenoon : Beopai -Forest: Furukuta l~'orget: Eurukitoveverapa Frontlet, of dog's teeth: Mati l<'re11h water : ~fa or Ba Friend: Pavura :Frog: Pakeke :Fruit: Fare Fun : Havaraitia Gale: Avora Gate: Utape Gauntlet, for archery, of cane:
Mainoka Generation: Heatau Germ : Troro Ghost: B1•sisa Ginger: U pi (}irdlo: Kava foa Girdle of ground shell: Soro oa Girdle of eane: !\Ioroni haro Girl: Mari Give: Biaraia Glass: Itarake, baove Go backward> : Ait':loti Go sidewavs : Birit:ntsaia God : Kar1~u Good : I vale"l'a Good-bve: Yavain Gras;.;h~ppcr: Puka Grave : l\iea Isaia Groat: Beai Green or blue : Bepo pori Guest: P::t\vari hari uviava Guide (v) : lalia koatirirt Guide (n): Eraro lalia koati Gum : l\Iasilm Hair: Tui Half: Orakoria Hammock: Lavaki nand: :M:ai Hand, right: Mai toare Hands, clap : Mai toia Hands, to fasten : Mai fasaia Handle: JYioi Handle of drum : 1\Iai or bai Hang ( v) : Bitaia Haste: Lavilavi Hat: Kepakepa Hawk : Mairi Head : Harofavi Headache: Haro favi hahea Headdress of cassowarv feathers:
Nipu " Hear : Ovapaia Heart: Haii
147
Heat : Ilai hihia Heavens: Kauri Heavy : Pasau Here·: :Movo avaia Hill: Laepa Hip: ~Iauti Hole: Uta Hoop : Kokova Horn bill: Jtova Hot : Haihihia II ouse : 1J vi Hunger : Erua sauai Hunt (kangaroo): Taboraraitia llunt (men): Eria Husband, spouse: 1J a lrliot : Mcnkakari Iguana: Ivuta Iguana, skin of, on drum: Ivuta
ruru Ill: Mea cka Inland: Furukau lmvai Insect: Ori Instep: Mura cri Interpret : Ao alaumiara Island : Firu .Taw. lower: Huari .T oiU:t : IIohOru .T um p : Farenia .T ust so : Mainareva, naiha Kangaroo: Pisoro Kicl~: Murapaisa Kidney: Me fare Kill: P'liai: 'foa aprtia King hinl of paradise : Miovo Kiss : V erasisia Knee: Ari horn Kneel : Ari horn M::ria Knife: Soi Knife of cane: Soi I;agoon: Sitoi Land: Bea J,rrnd ~beH : Swfti I,anguagc: Orovaia, Toaripi
orovnia Ltmgh: Area Lazy: :1\I:tvu aisitore Leaf: Toro Leak : V earoro Left side: JYbi nba };eg: ])fora Jj_ltl': :1\<Iea kakari LibcmL generons: Meru T_jick: l'cpetiaia Lie down : I::tvai Like ( v) : Hairoipa Life : Makuri J_jight (s) : Obabn Lime: Od'are or Torofane J_jimc S]JOon : Isoa I,obster: Kaisi Mantis: Hiori Mosquito net, native, of. cocoa-
nut-fibre: Suruakite 1\foth: Kikivore ( 11 ippoeampa.) N nutilus shell : Bim~s Lip: Ape ruru Little: -Oroti Lime spoon : Isor ];iver: Haii Load (s) : 'J1ainvaia Loins : 1\fanti Loiter: Haiopi l_jong: Sovori Lome: Dia Lungs : Hmi .Magpie : Kararaua linke : N aitia 1\fan : Karu
Pisorn taa Net, fishing, round : Korea Net, fishing, common: Rekereke Night: Faita vulu No: Aldio Noise: Tutururu Noon: Sare rorivua North : Thiarnru North-west; Avara Nose: V erape Old : Evim etou Ophthalmia: 0 fa hahea Owl: Mapu Ovster: Silo Paddle (s): Taisa laieia Path: Ati haro Payment: Ariknruvia Peace: 'J1airu .!'earl-shell, golden-edge: Savi Pearl-shell, black-edge: Naro Pepper, eaten with a betal-nut :
Koaravttru Petticoat of grass: Mate Piece : 'faeka Pig: Ita Pigeon, goura: Behe Pigeon, goura, crest Behe
harorovi Pigeon, white : Sua Pineapple: Herehea Plait: Roroia Plant, to: Biavain Plenty: N auapu Plenty : Lauapu Poison (s): Apaitora Point: Kiri Pole, for poleing canoe :
Kaiaruka Prepare : Aritovaia Present, gift: Lohiavita Pulp: Fae Purpose (s): Araveiti Quick: Taviravi Quill: Fefo Raft: Pasa Raggiana : Oo Rain: Nai Rain is coming: N ai koti Rain is falling : N ai awai Rain is finished : N ai kalo
Rat: Airi Red : Bebohari Reef of coral: Posa, mauobai, biri Rejoice: Hai rareba ltemnant: Kasirauri Reply : Ovapaia Jieturn : Seraia ltevol ver: A po Jiheumatism: :fi:Ieautihehea Rib: Uti Right side : :fi:Iai toare Ringworm, scaly: Mefutrti Hingworm, not scaly: Mearuru Uipe: Bea · River: Mai Rob (v): Roria anci:t Rock crystal : Pauta Rope: Horou ltound : Mckui R.ow a boat: Famtoaia Rumour : Fari Run away : Seeia Run towards: Au seeia Say : Ovearoro Sack: Surua Sago: P6i Sail: Auvia Saliva; Peasoeia Salt: Kaikara Salt water : Kaikarn Sandal wood: Buforoi Sea: Makai lmra See: Eovaia Seed: Fare Shake hands: 2\faipaidPri Shame: "Meamariti Shark : Itari Shave: l<'ureavaia Shell ornament for the breast:
Havahava Shell ornament for the breast,
with frigate birds carved thereon : Ede ese
Shell pendant and chain : Suka Shield : Daua Ship: V :waea Shoot (v): Saia Shoulder: Soroho Shoulder-blade: Soroho uti Shrimp: }'eai Sick: Eka Signal: Soa Sister, man's: Uaroa Sister, woman's: Paua, rnaraheari Sit: Avaia Skin (s) : Ruru Skirt: Mate Skull : Harofare Sleep : J avai Sling ( s) : 'foatoaril\ Small: Sekrt Smell (v): Buriaia Smell (s): Bu Smile : A rea Smoke ( n) : Aikaina Smoke, tobacco: Kulm raria Snake : Karoa Sneeze : Asia Snore: Hohorora Snout: So so Soap: Topu Son: 1'uti Son-in-law : A va Song : }'ora fereia Sorry: H aibaroro Soul : Meaovi South: Dede South-east : Bauta
).48
Sow (v): Mearororoi Speak slowly: Hai6pi Spear, fighting: Hob Spear, fish: EaRo Spear, throw: Hola sukaia Spew: Musisavaia Speech : N ausukavaia Spider: W eriapo Spit: Peasoeia Sponge (d): Ncke Spoon : Arisa Square: Belatirati Squirrel: Sera Bera Star: Koru Star, club: Huln'm't Stir: K oraria St:ty: A u pec:ori Steal : 'l'ore11 Stomaeh : I~ri horou Stone: Fave Stone axe: Ita, or itrt fave 1:-ltone axe, for Hago making: :Mo-
vora Stone axe, handle of: Boi Stone axe, of Uigo: Ita moka, Stone axe, nmt work fastening
into handle : Bolm Stone axe, with handle : Ita boi Storv, tale: Lau osukava Straight (of hair) : Risi risi t:>triko (of mosquito): Toia Strike of a n:atch : oukeia String: Era ruruopi Sugar: KasC', aseba Sweeties : Taparilmo Sword fish : I tari Sweep (v) : Dorotilaia Suck up: Jravain (of tobacco
smoke) Sun has set : Sa re sikopa Sun is rising : Sare pahti Sugar-cnne: A se Sun: Sare Summit : ...lrari Swallow (v) : Itapaia Sweat: Hovahe Swim: Arivcia Table: Posa Tail: Uke Tnl1 : Sabori Tattoo (v): Foa Taro: Soera 1'ear ( v) : 'folia Tears: Fiaua Teeth: Tau 1'hat: Neha There : Itaivori Thigh: }fa uti Think : Haikweai Thing: Deavoa Thorn : Mafekeke Throat : Kavori hau 'l'hrow (v): Toapaia Thunder: Bea tuturaaua Tide, ebb: ~faova Tide, flood: }fakoti Tobacco: Kuku Tobacco, untwist for baubau:
Kuku fasaia To-dav: Faitara Toe, big : :!\fora toari Toe, second, third, and fourth:
Mora am 'l'oe, little : }fora rakeka Tomahawk : N ao ita To-morrow: Bebere Tongue: Uri Toothache : Tai bibea rororoi
Track: Atiharo Traitor: Karu toiviraroi Translate: }<'aro horia 'l'reatv : Ooriave Tree; Tora 'l'rernble : JHauti oriri Triton shell: Uu True: Oitete 'rrunk of iron: Roase Turkey, flcrub: Mairi poki 'l'mtle eggs : li'arova fare Turtle, green : Ake ake or keake Turtle, hawk's bill: :Farova Turtle net: Farova dohe 'l'nrtle shell: Farnva ruru Turt~e, to cateh: Farova sukava-
Pntai Y enomous : Apai Village : Karikara \Valk : M or Burari \Var (s): Karupea ·warm (adj.) : Hai hihia \Varn : Makuriroi IV arrior: J\1.aorovita \V ash clothes : J>uta mauka \V ash hands: Bai maulm \V asp : Poravi \Vater: Ba or Ma \Vater bag: f isaru \Vaterfall : JHa isai totova sisapa1 Wealth or property: Roasi \\' eep: JT!awai Weighty : Pasau \Vest: N avautai, avltra rere Whales' tooth: Sive sive tao \Vhether: Auvaro \Vhite: Basea White, dye: Karbasea Whiskers: Kirori Whistle: Bioho Whitemen : }laea scia Who: Neisa 'Wife, :1pouse: Ua "Wind: Beafariava Wing of bird : Mako \Vind round: Fasaia Witchcmft: Harisuvita \Vomnn: Ua \Vood: Uti \V orld : Mea noaia 'vV onnd : }faea sera re Yam: )laho Y a ws : JYiaea se rare Year: Biabia Yellow: Koavi Yes: Leha Yesterday : V everi You and I, we two : Iraka \V e three : Ireitoroisoria All of us, we all: Rauapo You two : Erakaharia You three: Eoroisoria All of you, you all : Eo I : Ar:io alao Thou: A'o (aita ?) aleha He or she : Areveu area tare ha We : Erao ereita
You: Eo They: E1·eo J\<Iy: Alave Thy: Avi His: ~heve Ours : Erave erita YourK: Eve Theirs : Areo Each: Farakeka farakeka 'fhi~: J\feha That: Itai Some others: Ilea L'\ nv one: Fa,raheka Anot1Jel', different sort: Haria \Vho: Laisa (aitaraisa) \V hat : N" ekaru ·which: Lmwerea Where is it: IJehara :My canoe: Arave oroti Thy canoe: Ao oroti His ca:10e: A rev eo oroti Our eanoe: Ereita oroti, (of us
two) irito oroti, (of uH three) rauapo roti
Your canoe: Eve oroti Their canoe: Areo oroti }I_y house : Aravc uvi Thy house: Ao uvi Hi~ house: Arcvc uvi Our lJOUHC: Ereita uvi Your house: ]~ve uvi 'fheir house: Areo uvi My land: Amve mea My fiBh : A ra vc ekaka Tl;y fish : Ao ekaka I "peak, etc.: A lao laua \Vhat is thi~: Meha Jekoru What is that : Lea]c koru Come to-morrow: Veveri koiiria
149
Bring me a cocoanut: N<t faraheka avre kotiria
Where is the chief: Karikara Jobiorit:t lJCavaisPa
Arc they good: J\fea laleva? Are thev bad : l\lea lolo ? \\There "is the road, A uti haro
ueamoa? \Vhat do ,·ou wallt for this ? Ale
karutov·;t 'fhis is mr present for you: I
t~:raitia I wish to bny :t ]Jig: Alau ita My hand: AJan: mai 'rhv hand: Ao mai Hi~ hand: A reo mai Our hands : Ereita mai You!' hands: Eve mai Thei:· hands ' }~reo mai l'fy head: .Alave harofave Thy brad: Ao harofave His head: Aroo lmrofave 0u1.' headR : H arofave Your heads: Erita harofave Their beads: Erc-o harofave l\1 y ht;her: A lave oa Tl;y father: Ao oa His father : :\reo oa Our father~>: l~reita oaita Your fflt hl'rs : Eve oaita Their h~the1.'~: l~t·eo oaita Jlr!y mother: .1Jave lou Tl;y mother: Ao Jou His mother: A reo lou Our mothers: 1:rao louta, ereita
louta Your mothers: Eve louta Their mothers: }~reo Jouta J\Iv banana: Alave bea'e
APPE~DIX HH.
M A PS.
Om bananas: Erao bepeta I give tobacco, etc.: Arave kuku
biarai I buy pig, etc. : Armve ita tearau I build a house, etc. : Arave uvi
bisosi , I plant yams: A rave maho biipai I throw a spear: A rave hora sukai Go and tell him: Ao terai, areo
omoi They are the same : Ereo usoso Hring me fire : Ahari ao kotiria Little: Seika V cry Jittle: Seika seika Big: Novaia Very big: N ovaia novaia itapu I go to-day : Alau isoa tera 'fhou goest to-day: L\o isoai terai He goes to-day: A.reo isoa terai W c go to-day : Erao isoa terai You go to-day: Eve isoa terai 'fhey go to-dav: Ereo isoa terai I went yesterday: Alg,u alea terai Thou went ye:::terday: .Ao ale a
terai He went yesterday: Areo alea
terai We went yesterday: Erao alca
terai You went vesterdav: Eve alea
terai ·' " They went yesterday: Ereo alea
terai I will go to-mmTow: Alau veveri
terai &c,, &c.
I do not go to-day : Alau isoa terai !mu faitola
&c,, &c.
L :M:isima (St. Aignan). Enclosure No. II, in Despatch No 97 of 1890.
2. Murua (\Voodlark Island) and Guasopa AEchorage. J~nclosurc in Despatch No. 98 of 1890.
3. !\ad a (I~aughlan Islands). Enclosure in Despatch No. 99 of 1890.
4. Aw:Liama, T·aupota, and Garua Islands, Enclosure ~o. II. in Despatch No. lOO of 1890.
5. Capes Sebiribiri and Kibirisi (Cape V ogel). Enclosure .No, III. in Despatch No. lOO of 1890,
6. Head of Collingwood Bay(and Phillips Harbour). Enclosure No. IV. in Despatch No. 100 of 1890.
7. Cape Nelson (and Port Hennessy). Enclosure No. V. in Despatch No. 100 of 1890.
8. Oro Bay. Enclosure No. VI. in Despatch No. lOO of 1890.
9. Coast for Sixteen Miles South of the British-German Boundary. Enclosure ~o. VII. in Despatch No. 100 of 1890.
10, :Mugula (Dufaure Island) and adjoining District. Enclosure in Despatch No. 1 of 1891.
11. Bamu lliver and the Xorth Estuarv of the Fly River and the adjoining Islands. Enclosure m Despatch No. 31 of l89L " •
12. South-eagt Coast from Cloudy Bay to Muguh Enclosure in Despatch No. 46 of 1891.
13. )foratau (Fergusson Island) and Duau (N ormanby Island). Enclosure in Despatch No. 48 of 1891
Price 7s.]
By .A.uthorit,y: JAMBS C. B~AL, Government Printer, Willi&m street', Brisbane.
