PlayMonday, February 6, 12

• กิจกรรมต่างๆ ที่กระทําด้วยความเต็มใจซึ่งนํามาซึ่งความพึงพอใจและความบันเทิง

Play

Play is a term employed in ethology and psychology to describe to a range of voluntary, intrinsically motivated activities normally associated with pleasure and enjoyment. The rites of play are evident throughout nature and are perceived in people and animals, although generally only in those species possessing highly complex nervous systems such as mammals andbirds.[2] Play is most frequently associated with the cognitive development and socialization of those engaged in developmental processes and the young. Play often entertains props, tools, animals, or toys in the context of learning and recreation. That is, some hypothesize that play is preparation of skills that will be used later. Others appeal to modern findings in neuroscience to argue that play is actually about training a general flexibility of mind –

including highly adaptive practices

Monday, February 6, 12

• การเล่นเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการพัฒนากระบวนความคิด การรับรู้และทักษะทางสังคม

Monday, February 6, 12

• การเล่นมีอุปกรณ์ประกอบ (ของเล่น)เตรียมตัวก่อนของจริง

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• การเล่นเพื่อสร้างทักษะ ที่จะใช้ในอนาคต

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training a general flexibility of mind – including highly adaptive practices like training multiple ways to do the same thing, or playing with an idea that is "good enough" in the hopes of maybe making it better

PLAY IS ACTUALLY ABOUT

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Play can also be seen as the activity of rehearsing life events,e.g., young animal play fighting

Play is older than culture, for culture, however inadequately defined, always presupposes human society, and animals have not waited for man to teach them their playing.” animals played first One of the most significant (human and cultural) aspects of play is that it is fun

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• Play is root and foundation of creativity in the arts and sciences also as in daily life

• Improvisation, composition, writing, painting, theater, invention, all creative acts are form of play, the starting place of creativity in the human growth cycle, and one of the great primal life function

Stephen Nachmanovitch

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• Play is free, is in fact freedom

• Play is not “ordinary” or “real” life

• Play is distinct from “ordinary” life both as to locality and duration

• Play is connected with no material interest, and no profit can be gained from it

Characteristic of play

HuizingaMonday, February 6, 12

• Some play has clearly defined goals and when structured with rules is called a “game”

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• Goals

• Rules

• Challenge

• Interaction

Key Components of Game

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• Tools

• Rules

• Skill, strategy and chance

• Single-player games

Gameplay elements

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• Games are often classified by the components required to play them (e.g. miniatures, a ball, cards, a board and pieces, or a computer). In places where the use of leather is well established, the ball has been a popular game piece throughout recorded history, resulting in a worldwide popularity of ball games such as rugby, basketball, football, cricket, tennis, and volleyball. Other tools are more idiosyncratic to a certain region. Many countries in Europe, for instance, have unique standard decks of playing cards. Other games such as chess may be traced primarily through the development and evolution of its game pieces.

• Many game tools are tokens, meant to represent other things. A token may be a pawn on a board, play money, or an intangible item such as a point scored.

• Games such as hide-and-seek or tag do not utilise any obvious tool; rather, their interactivity is defined by the environment. Games with the same or similar rules may have different gameplay if the environment is altered. For example, hide-and-seek in a school building differs from the same game in a park; an auto race can be radically different depending on the track or street course, even with the same cars.

Tools

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• Whereas games are often characterized by their tools, they are often defined by their rules. While rules are subject to variations and changes, enough change in the rules usually results in a "new" game. For instance, baseball can be played with "real" baseballs or with wiffleballs. However, if the players decide to play with only three bases, they are arguably playing a different game. There are exceptions to this in that some games deliberately involve the changing of their own rules, but even then there are often immutable meta-rules.

• Rules generally determine turn order, the rights and responsibilities of the players, and each player’s goals. Player rights may include when they may spend resources or move tokens. Common win conditions are being first to amass a certain quota of points or tokens (as in Settlers of Catan), having the greatest number of tokens at the end of the game (as in Monopoly), or some relationship of one’s game tokens to those of one’s opponent (as in chess's checkmate).

Rules

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• A game’s tools and rules will result in its requiring skill, strategy, luck, or a combination thereof, and are classified accordingly.

• Games of skill include games of physical skill, such as wrestling, tug of war, hopscotch, target shooting, and stake, and games of mental skill such as checkers and chess. Games of strategy include checkers, chess, go, arimaa, and tic-tac-toe, and often require special equipment to play them. Games of chance include gambling games (blackjack, mah-jongg, roulette, etc.), as well as snakes and ladders and rock, paper, scissors; most require equipment such as cards or dice. However, most games contain two or all three of these elements. For example, American football and baseball involve both physical skill and strategy while tiddlywinks, poker, and Monopoly combine strategy and chance. Many card and board games combine all three; most trick-taking games involve mental skill, strategy, and an element of chance

Skill, strategy and chance

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• Most games require multiple players. However, single-player games are unique in respect to the type of challenges a player faces. Unlike a game with multiple players competing with or against each other to reach the game's goal, a one-player game is a battle solely against an element of the environment (an artificial opponent), against one's own skills, against time, or against chance. Playing with a yo-yo or playing tennis against a wall is not generally recognized as playing a game due to the lack of any formidable opposition.

Single-player games

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• Sports

• Tabletop games

• Video games

Types

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• Dexterity and coordination

• Board games

• Card games

• Guessing games

Tabletop Games

• Dice Games

• Domino and tile games

• Pencil and paper games

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• Gameplay is a term used to describe the interactive aspects of game design. An alternative name for gameplay that is finding favor with academics is game mechanics, however, it can be argued that gameplay and game mechanics are different concepts. Gameplay is what distinguishes a game from a non-interactive medium such as a book or film through the interaction with the game by the player.

Gameplay

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• The presence of an environment

• The ability for objects within the environment to change

• Rules governing changes of state of objects -such as position -in response to the state of other objects and/or decisions made by the player

• Player rewards and punishments resulting from changes to the state of the game

• Player being able to manipulate objects or interact with the environment and its objects

Key Concepts in Gameplay

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• Cooperative gameplay

• Deathmatch

• Emergent gameplay

• Leveled gameplay

Gameplay Types

• Nonlinear gameplay

• Twitch gameplay

• Management

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