PL/SQLPL/SQL Oracle10g Developer: PL/SQL Programming Chapter 10 Oracle-Supplied Packages and...

PL/SQL

Oracle10g Developer: PL/SQL Programming

Chapter 10

Oracle-Supplied Packagesand SQL*Loader

PL/SQL

Oracle10g Developer: PL/SQL Programming 2

Objectives

• After completing this lesson, you should be able to understand:– Using communications packages– Generating output via packages– Including large objects in the Oracle

database– Exploring dynamic SQL and PL/SQL– Identifying other important built-in

packages– Using the SQL*Loader utility

PL/SQL


Brewbean’s Challenge

• Credit card verification• Real-time messages• E-mail generation• Import external file data• Include image files in the database• Schedule program execution

PL/SQL


Communications Packages

Built-in Package Name

Description Script Filename

DBMS_PIPE Allows different database sessions to communicate

dbmspipe.sql

DBMS_ALERT Enables notification of database events

dbmsalrt.sql

UTL_SMTP Enables e-mail features

utlsmtp.sql

PL/SQL


DBMS_PIPE

• Allows different sessions in the same instance to communicate

• Uses buffers in the SGA

• Typically used to interface with the operating system or an external system

• Sending a message is a two-step process of packing and sending

PL/SQL


DBMS_PIPE Example

PL/SQL


DBMS_ALERT

• Allows real-time messages or alerts to be sent to users upon a particular event

• Accomplished in a database trigger to be associated with an event

• An example use is online auctions• Process includes: register an alert name, set

when alert should signal, and identify users that should be recipients

PL/SQL


DBMS_ALERT Example

• Register name

DBMS_ALERT.REGISTER(‘new_bid’);• Fire signal in database trigger

DBMS_ALERT.SIGNAL(‘new_bid’, TO_CHAR(:new.bid));

• Register recipient DBMS_ALERT.WAITONE(‘new_bid’, v_msg,

v_status, 600);

PL/SQL


UTL_MAIL

• Simplifies sending e-mail via a PL/SQL block• Introduced in Oracle10g• Scripts must be executed to set up the

package• SMTP server must be defined on the system

PL/SQL


UTL_MAIL Example

PL/SQL


UTL_SMTP

• Simplifies e-mail generation• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) used to

send e-mails• Programmatically create all the parts of an e-

mail • Used to communicate with customers,

suppliers, and internal employees as appropriate

PL/SQL


UTL_SMTP

Function Name Description

HELO Performs initial handshaking to identify the sender to the mail server

MAIL Initiates a mail transaction which sends messages to mailbox destinations

RCPT Identifies each of the recipients of an e-mail

DATA Specifies the lines in the body of an e-mail

RSET Aborts the current mail transaction

NOOP Requests a reply from the mail server to verify connection is still alive

QUIT Terminates the SMTP session and disconnects from the mail server

OPEN_CONNECTION Opens a connection to the mail server

OPEN_DATA Sends the DATA command

WRITE_DATA Adds data to message body

CLOSE_DATA Ends the message

PL/SQL


UTL_HTTP

• Used to analyze HTML source of Web pages• Makes Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

calls from within PL/SQL• REQUEST_PIECES function will retrieve the

HTML source of a specified URL in 2,000 byte segments

PL/SQL


UTL_TCP

• Allows low-level calls using TCP/IP• Internet communications rely on TCP/IP• The UTL_SMTP and UTL_HTTP packages

rely on this package

PL/SQL


Generating Output

Built-in Package Name Description Script Filename

DBMS_OUTPUT Displays data to the screen dbmsotpt.sql

UTL_FILE Read and write data to external files

utlfile.sql

PL/SQL


DBMS_OUTPUT

• Displays data from within PL/SQL code• Most popularly used for debugging• In SQL*Plus, SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

must be set• The PUT procedure continues to place data

on the same output line• The PUT_LINE procedure will start a new line

PL/SQL


DBMS_OUTPUT Example

PL/SQL


UTL_FILE

• Enables reading and writing text data to operating system files (import and export data)

Program Unit Name Description

FOPEN Opens a file to write to or be read

PUT_LINE Writes a line to a file

GET_LINE Reads a line from a file

FCLOSE Closes a file

PL/SQL


UTL_FILE Example

• Write to a file

PL/SQL


UTL_FILE Example

• Read a file

PL/SQL


Large Objects (LOBs)

• Handle media such as images, video segments, and large documents

LOB Type Description

BLOB Binary large object such as a photo file

CLOB Character large object such as text documentation

BFILE Binary large object such as a streaming video or movie file

NCLOB Fixed-width character data for storing character data in other languages

PL/SQL


LOBs

• Enable the storage of large objects as columns in a database table

• Can hold up to 4GB of data• Multiple LOB columns allowed• All except BFILE are stored internally in the

database• A LOB column contains pointer to actual LOB

data

PL/SQL


DBMS_LOB Example

PL/SQL


Dynamic SQL and PL/SQL

• Allow construction and parsing of statements at run time

• Enable the execution of DDL statements from within PL/SQL

• Two mechanisms– DBMS_SQL package

– Dynamic SQL

• Covered in Chapter 10

PL/SQL


DBMS_JOB

• Enables jobs to be scheduled for execution

Program Unit Name Description

BROKEN Flags the job as broken so it will not be executed

CHANGE Alters job parameters set by a user

INTERVAL Modifies execution interval for a job

ISUBMIT Submits a job with a specified job number

NEXT_DATE Modifies the next date of execution

REMOVE Deletes job from the queue

RUN Executes the specified job immediately

SUBMIT Adds a job to the queue

USER_EXPORT Creates text of call to recreate the job

WHAT Modifies the PL/SQL code to be executed

PL/SQL


DBMS_JOB

• INIT.ORA settings JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=1 JOB_QUEUE_INTERVAL=60

• SUBMIT procedurePROCEDURE submit ( job OUT BINARY_INTEGER, what IN VARCHAR2, next_date IN DATE DEFAULT sysdate, interval IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'null', no_parse IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,

instance IN BINARY_INTEGER DEFAULT 0,force IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE );

PL/SQL


DBMS_JOB Example

BEGIN

DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT

(job => :jobno,

what => 'BEGIN prod_sum_sp; END;',

next_date => TRUNC(SYSDATE+1),

interval => 'TRUNC(SYSDATE+1)' );

COMMIT;

END;

/

PL/SQL


DBMS_JOB Example (continued)

PL/SQL


DBMS_DDL

• Allows access to two specific DDL statements:– ALTER_COMPILE

– ANALYZE_OBJECT

PL/SQL


Exploring More

• Search the OTN Web site for more Oracle-supplied packages

Package Name Description

DBMS_JAVA Controls the behavior of the Java Virtual Machine used to run Java stored procedures

DBMS_METADATA Retrieves information about database objects

DBMS_RANDOM Random number generator

DBMS_SESSION Allows access to session options directly from PL/SQL

DBMS_UTILITY Contains a miscellaneous group of programs ranging from capabilities to assist in procedure management to reporting error information

DBMS_XMLGEN Converts data from an SQL query into XML

UTL_HTTP Accesses Web pages

UTL_INADDR Retrieves Internet site host name or IP address

PL/SQL


SQL*Loader Utility

• Client tool provided by Oracle• Simplifies loading data from a flat file into the

database• Can execute a large number of rows

efficiently• Can read data in many different formats

PL/SQL


SQL*Loader Utility (continued)

• Involves three items– A data file– A control file that defines how the data

should be read and loaded– A command to execute the utility

PL/SQL


SQL*Loader Utility Example

"Reeding Trades",Brazil,25,2"Beans Here, There, Everywhere",Ethiopia,,4"Coffee Suppliers Inc.",Spain,20,1"Traders First Beans",Costa Rica, 50,2

•Example data file for coffee suppliers

PL/SQL


SQL*Loader Utility Example (continued)

LOAD DATAINFILE 'C:\vendors.csv'REPLACEINTO TABLE bb_vendor_listFIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ' "'TRAILING NULLCOLS(vname,v_cntry,min_lbs INTEGER EXTERNAL,ship_days INTEGER EXTERNAL)

•Example control file

PL/SQL


SQL*Loader Utility Example (continued)

sqlldr scott/tiger@orcl control=C:\vendors.ctl

•Example command to execute

PL/SQL


Summary

• Oracle-supplied packages are pre-built packages to address common processing needs

• DBMS_PIPE allows communication between sessions

• DBMS_ALERT enables event notification• UTL_SMTP simplifies e-mail generation• UTL_HTTP enables HTML source retrieval• UTL_TCP enables TCP/IP communications

PL/SQL


Summary (continued)

• DBMS_OUTPUT allows data display• UTL_FILE enables reading and writing to text

files• DBMS_LOB manages LOBs• DBMS_JOB provides job scheduling capabilities• DBMS_DDL enables the COMPILE and

ANALYZE commands to be processed within PL/SQL

• SQL*Loader utility enables loading data from external files

Date post:	15-Dec-2015
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PL/SQLPL/SQL Oracle10g Developer: PL/SQL Programming Chapter 10 Oracle-Supplied Packages and...

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