Plug-In Vehicles are Here, More are Coming

• 2011 - 10 major auto manufacturers

with 10 production models• 2012 - over 20 production models• Consensus - 3 Million Plug-in Cars

by 2015 worldwide

Importance factors

• Innovative pricing models or lower price overall

• Extended reach or range of the vehicles• Convenience of usage or services• Availability of charging infrastructure• Significantly higher oil prices• Green image or sustainability concerns• Government incentives or regulations

Source: IBM EVSE Survey 2011

Where will we charge?• The first generation of cars, coming in the next 3 years, take 4

hours to charge

• Cars are parked somewhere 23 hours a day – that’s where we need charging stations

In homes, apartments, condominiums and hotel garages

In workplace parking lots

In public lots and curbside

In San Francisco there are 6 times as many cars as private garages

New Set of Needs• How many EV chargers are needed?

– Industry: 2 chargers per/EV• What issues in each segment ?

– Single family home with garage – Multi Dwelling Units– Workplace – Public

• Who pays?– 10,000 stations = 30GWh/yr = $3M/yr– Avg. install cost @ $4100 Public, $1500 Residential

• Electric grid integration?– EV load is 1-3 x average home– Utilities need to control peak load – Rate savings require Smart Grid Integration

• Minimize operation costs?– Drivers expect high availability & reliability– Need driver assistance for minimal cost– Need fewer expensive “truck rolls”

Networking to address EVSE needs• Drivers

– Station Location– Status Notification– Usage Cost

• Hosts– Access Control– Accounting and Reporting– Specialty Applications

• Utilities and Government– Seamless integration with

existing systems– AMI, Demand Response – Payment Systems

ChargePoint Network

Management/ Control

Vehicle Telematics

Mobile Devices

Driver Billing

Utility Office, AMI

7

Open is Multi-Vendor Choice

The EVSE Network

Open API

Open EVSE Interface

Management/ Control Vehicle Telematics Mobile Devices Utility Office, AMI

Open Driver Interface

Driver Billing

Policy Needs for a Successful IndustryEnable workable revenue model for shared stations (apartments, condos, public,

retail, workplace)– Drivers need to pay station owners for electricity, maintenance, capital, and real estate

Enable incentive rates and integrated metering– Incentive pricing requires some type of submetering– We can include submetering in the charging stations at very low cost– Incentive pricing encourages people to use off-peak energy– This will ensure that the grid is used efficiently

Smart Grid Integration– Charging stations with Demand Response, Time-of-Use Pricing, and AMI will be compatible with

the modern electric grid

Help with Local Planning– We need public charging locations– Streamline installation permitting and inspections

For 2011, EV Stimulus will Grow…• For 2011 President will Propose Budget to reach 1 Million Car Goal• Specific Proposals Include:

– $500 million for DOE R&D for advanced manufacturing related to energy– Reauthorizing the 48C advanced energy manufacturing credit– Investments in vehicle R&D (ARPA-E) program and double investment in

energy efficiency, including in industrial productivity, vehicle technology R&D for advanced batteries, and building technology R&D to cut energy consumption

– Improvements to the electric vehicle tax incentive – $200 million “Race to the Top” competitive grant program to encourage

communities to improve readiness to adopt electric vehicle technology

Coulomb Technologies

• Michael Jones• Director – West Region• mjones@coulombtech.com• http://www.coulombtech.com• http://www.chargepointamerica.com