WELCOME

Presented ByRAVI K N

Ph.D ScholarIAS, BHU, Varanasi

Pluralistic Agricultural Extension in India

Course Title and No.EXT-601- Advances in Agricultural Extension.Course instructor: Dr. B. Jirli (Assoc. Prof.)

OUTLINE OF CONTENTS

ASSUMPTION INTRODUCTION CONCEPT OF PLURALISTIC EXTENSION WHY WE NEED PLURALISTIC AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERSTICS STRENGTHS OF PLURALISTIC AGRICULTURE EXTENSION CONCLUSION

ASSUMPTION

“No single Extension agency can meet the needs of all stakeholders”

INTRODUCTIONCHALLANGES FOR INDIAN AGRICULTURE

India's population - 1.2 billion (2011 census)

More than half of the Indian population (approximately 58%) depend on agriculture for their livelihood

More than 80% of Indian farmers are small and marginal land holdings

Limited resource constraints

Contd... Diversity of farmers and farming systems - need to address

challenges in agriculture with different services and approaches.

Region and crop specific demands and problems of farmers

Need to facilitate farmers to get wide range of services

CONCEPT

What is mean by Pluralisam and Pluralistic Extension?

Pluralism – Many organisations are brought together at one platform in the efforts of delivering extension services to promote production and productivity.

Pluralistic Extension- An appropriate mix of public and private funding and delivery mechanism.

Modal of using both public and non-public institution for delivering extension services to the farming communities

It is a contrast of single monopolistic agricultural extension service in a given country.

WHY WE NEED PLURALISTIC EXTENSION SYSTEM IN INDIA ?

MAJOR DRAWBACKS OF single agricultural EXTENSION Services

Public Extension system Most technologies are supply driven

rather demand driven Lack of human resource Low finance and budget Little competency of Extension agents Corruption and political disturbances Not able to concentrate on low volume

crops. Technology dissemination often

mandatory Complex procedures – red tapisam Unable to reach majority of potential

clients

Private Extension system Neglecting of small and marginal

farmers Concentration of elite farmers

needs because of payment Focus to get profit and sale rather

than decrease in cost of production Show interest in areas in which

they get profit. Neglect the small and marginal

farmers since most of them are economically weak.

Exploitation of farmers with their monopoly and profit techniques.

NEED FOR PLURALISTIC EXTENSION

Specific services are needed for Specific contexts Economic enterprises Different farmer categories – Crop specific and location

specific Based on differences in entrepreneurship, poverty and gender. To overcome the weakness of single agency extension system Promote muti-agency extension strategy (pluralism)

So, The new extension regime recognise the need for Muti-agency collaboration to combine strengths. Thereby promoting both Public and non-public (private sector, NGOs, FIG/CIG/POs, PPP Models) actors in Extension work to enhance the delivery system in agricultural extension to all type of farmers.

Structure of Pluralistic

Extension

NGOs/Vos/ppp/co-

operatives

Public sector FIGs/CIGs/PCss/FPOs

Private sector

Deconcentration A system for providing multiple services Decentralization Farmer empowerment Outsourcing services Partnerships Extension approaches

Source: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTARD/Resources

PRINCIPLES OF PLURALISTIC EXTENSION

Coexistence of multiple public,

private, and mixed extension systems

and approaches

Multiple providers and

types of services

It foster a range of partnership and utilize

both public and private institutional

resources

Diverse funding streams and

multiple sources of information

Multiple extension

approaches Characteristics of Pluralistic

Extension system

Source: Meena et al. 2013

STRENGTHS OF PLURALISTIC Agriculture EXTENSION

Address the needs of different hierarchical stakeholders (small, marginal and big farmers)

Effective utilization of resources

Combined influence on TOT

Widespread extension services as per the need of clients may attained

Collaboration and partnerships also encourage speedy disbursal of Technology and the input linkages

Contd...

Overcome the major weakness of single extension agency operations.

Effective utilization of ICTs and its Innovations

Create competitive environment in providing services to farmers

Conclusion

So, the pluralistic agriculture extension system to find appropriate mix of public and private funding delivery mechanisms make an efforts to take extension services to all the stakeholders with efficiently and effectively at different levels in the country.

REFERENCES

1. Siteresources.worldbank.org/INTARD/Resources/335807.../Module3-TN1.pdf

2. Meena, M. S., Singh, K. M., & Swanson, B. E. (2013). Pluralistic agricultural extension system in India: Innovations and constraints.Available at SSRN 2293788.

3. Sagar Mondal, Textbook of Agricultural Extension with Global Innovation.1st 2013 Rept. 2016, ISBN 93-272-2877-9.

SUGESSIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT