i i I ! , I

I' I

I I

, I

I

, I , i

, I I

I , I

1" '

J

PMM 8030 - MEASURING SYSTEM

FOR

RADIATED INTERFERENCES 30MHz - 1GHz

PMM 8030 - SIGNAL ANALYZER

USER MANUAL

PMM8030/E/02

J ,~ ts~r;T~9l}~~ Ormh<Zljg6rdvej 16 8700 Horsens TIt.75643366 Kbh.47100150

NOTES AND SAFETY WARNINGS

1 - PMM 8030 Signal Analyzer has been designed and manufactured in Italy according to the national standards and regulations for industrial electronic products, paying particular attention to all safety recommendations.

2 - PMM 8030 has internal parts working at high voltage. We recommend to avoid any usage of the equipment"or:;even"'"'to:~switch:::on:the equipment when the external case has been removed.

3 - If evident damages have been caused to the external case, or if you even suspect that internal damages have occured to the equipment due to improper storage, transportation or utilization, we recommend to avoid any further usage and to contact your National Authorized Assistance Centre or your National Distributor.

4- - The cover of PMM 8030 should never be removed or unscrewed. Any inspection, internal check or repair shall be conducted exclusively by trained and authorized personnel at the Manufacturer's Service Centre or at your National Authorized Assistance Centre.

5 - In case of electric shock,urgently refer to the "FIRST AID" table, at the end of this manual.

- I -

I

, I

FIRST AID

FIRST AID in case of Electric Shock

1. Lay the victim on his back.

2. Clear victim's mouth and throat.

3. Tilt victim's head back as far as possible and rise his head.

4. Pinch victim's nostrils.

5. Take a deep breath.

6. Cover the victim's mouth with yours and blow, watching his chest rise.

NOTE: blow forcefully into adults, but gently into children.

7. Move your face away to allow victim to breathe out, watching his chest fall.

8. Repeat first five to ten breaths at a rapid rate; thereafter, take one breath every three to five seconds.

9. Keep victim's head back as far as possible all the time .

. Have someone else send for a Doctor .

. Keep patient warm and loosen his clothing.

- II -

DO NOT Give liquids until patient is inconscious.

PMM 8030 SIGNAL ANALYZER - HARDWARE MANUAL

1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1 .1 Forewords

1.2 Technical specifications,

1.3 Front and Rear panel features

1.4 Basic requirements

1.5 The ideal environment for radiated interference measurement

2. OPERATING PMM 8030 SIGNAL ANALYZER

2.1 Mains supply input

2.2 Battery input.

2.3 Connection to the PC

2.4 Connection to the antenna set.

2.5 Test set-up.

2.6 Starting measurement session ..

3. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

4. SERVICE

4.1 Calibration check.

- 1 -

1. GENERAL DESCR!PTION

1.1 FOREWORDS

PMM 8030 is an accurate, easy-to-use, low-cost measuring system for radiated EMI in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz.

PMM 8030 is the'firstPC,-basedmeasuring system for radiated interferences and can be used in conjunction with any PC, IBM AT compatible, with VGA, EGA or CGA graphics.

All measurements are performed according to the requirements of the major standards and recommandations concerning Electromagnetic Emission and Interference: CISPR, VDE, FCC, EN (EURONORMS).

PMM 8030 has been conceived, designed and manufactered to offer an instrument for the daily process of design, more precisely an instrument for DESIGN DEBUGGING, but thanks to its accuracy, it may also be used for final a.A. tests, certification, or for tests on the production lines.

Fig. 1: PMM 8030 SYSTEM

- 2 -

PMM 8030 system is composed by:

o 8030 signal analyzer in range 30MHz to 1 GHz.

o a complete set of antennas, to cover the whole frequency range

o plug-inboard JorAT-Gompatible .personal computers

o 8030 software

o Power supply, Data and RF connecting cables

It can be fully assembled in an easy way, to allow the customer for immediate utilization.

Only a screwdriver is required to open the PC cover to plug-in the interface card for AT - compatible computer.

- 3 -

1.2 TECNICAL SPECiFICATIONS

According to CISPR recommandations, PMM 8030 measuring system performs measurements of radiated interferences in range 30 MHz - 1 GHz.

Frequency range Frequency setting

Display Resolution Setting error

RF input VSWR

30 MHz to 1 GHz Manual. mode:.1 0 kHz Sweep mode: 2:. 50 kHz Numerical keyboard entry Automatic scanning between START - STOP freq. 6 digit Manual: 10kHz - Sweep 2:. 50 kHz < 10 kHz

Z'n = 50 ohm, N conn..ector, female < 1.2 with 2:. 10 dB RF attenuation < 2 with 0 dB RF attenuation

Oscillator reradiation at RF input < 50 dBuV Preselector eight bandpass folters

30 MHz to < 45 MHz 45 MHz to < 75 MHz 75 MHz to < 125 MHz 125 MHz to < 210 MHz 210 MHz to < 350 MHz 350 MHz to < 500 MHz 500 MHz to < 720 MHz 720 MHz to 1000 MHz

Maximum input level (Xwithout equipment damage) Sinewave AC voltage 127 dBuV Pulse spectral density 90 dBuV IMHz

Interference rejection I F rejection

RF shielding

> 50 dB

No additional measuring error at a field strength of 3 Vim (tested according to IEC 801 - 3)

- 4 -

1.2 TECNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

According to CISPR recommandations, PMM 8030 measuring system performs measurements of radiated interferences in range 30 MHz - 1 GHz.

Frequency range Frequency setting

Display Reso!ution Setting error

RF input VSWR

30 MHz to 1 GHz Manual. mode: 10kHz Sweep mode: ~ 50 kHz Numerical keyboard entry Automatic scanning between START - STOP freq. 6 digit Manual: 10kHz - Sweep ~ 50 kHz < 10 kHz

lin = 50 ohm, N conrwctor, female < 1.2 with ~ 10 dB RF attenuation < 2 with 0 dB RF attenuation

Oscillator reradiation at RF input < 50 dBuV Preselector eight bandpass folters

30 MHz to < 45 MHz 45 MHz to < 75 MHz 75 MHz to < 125 MHz 125 MHz to < 210 MHz 210 MHz to < 350 MHz 350 MHz to < 500 MHz 500 MHz to < 720 MHz 720 MHz to 1000 MHz

Maximum input level (Xwithout equipment damage) Sinewave AC voltage 127 dBuV Pulse spectral density 90 dBuV IMHz

Interterence rejection IF rejection

RF shielding

> 50 dB

No additional measuring error at a field strength of 3 Vim (tested according to IEC 801 - 3)

- 4 -

Intermediate freouencies . 1st IF 2nd IF 3rd IF

IF Bandwidths (- 6dB)

310.7 or 760.7 MHz 139.3 MHz 10.7 MHz

120 kHz (CISPR tolerances)

Noise indication (prior to receiver response linearization) Typical values Guaranteed values

Peak value Quasi - peak value Average value

Voltage measurement range

< 5 dbuV < 7 dBuV < 2 dbuV < 5 dBuV < 0 dbuV < 3 dBuV

Lower limit (additional error caused by inherent noise < 3 dB) Peak value < 12 dBuV Quasi - peak value Average value

Upper limit (P, QP, AV) Inherent spurious response

< 9 dBuV < 7·dBuV 120 dBuV 5 dB max exceeding noise level

Level measuring time (keyboard entry)

Peak detector 100 ms to 3000 ms Quasi - peak detector 1 s to 30 s

Measuring error (after calibration) (*)

From 30 to 200 MHz + 1.5 dB max From 200 to 500 MHz + 1.5 / - 3 dB max From 500 to 1000 MHz + 1.5/ - 5 dB max Internal calibration pulse generator (100 Hz rating)

(*) Measuring error can be improved by individual response linearization (Xsupplied on request) of the receiver

Demodulation modes

Input / Output connections Front panel

Rear panel

AM / FM / buit - in loudspeaker

IF Output, 50 ohm, BNC, female RF Input, 50 ohm, N, female 50 pins, PC data connector (parallel dedicated interface)

- 5 -

Power supply AC supply.

DC supply

General data Rated temperature range Storage temperature range EMI receiver RFI suppression Dimension 0N x H x D) Weight:

100 / 120 / 220 / 240 V + 10% 47 to 440 Hz Available on request

from 0 to + 45 C from - 25 to + 75 C compliance with CISPR22, VDE0871 and FCC 15J 265 mm x 170 mm x 290 mm. 8.5 kg.

- 6 -

1.3 FRONT AND REAR PANEL FEATURES

o [fiii!!!] I,"cvm"h Oi,. 8ms SIGNAL IINALIlYlER 30-IOOOHHz o

PLL @ @ @ 1 ~

Over raNS! Z,ro 48 .tI.

DolaiH@

© IF OUT 50 KF IN 50

lRIin!©

@J @J llHe ©

10.7 MHz 127 dBjJV

0 0

1 3 4 5

o o o o

o o

B

FIG.2: Front and rear panel features

- 7 -

I I

With reference to fig. 2, the PMM 8030 signal analyzer is provided with the following front and rear panel features:

1) Indication LEDs

2) Loudspeaker

3) Volume control

4) IF (10.7 MHz) output

5) RF input (from Rx Antenna)

6) POWER-ON switch

7) Mains input

8) Vdc Input

9) Data Connector (to PC )

- 8 -

1.4 BASIC'REQUIREMENTS

No particular EM I-expertise is required to use PMM 8030: all the difficult operations and calculations are automatically performed by the software itself, so allowing the operator to concentrate on the results of the measurements and not on how to get them.

The hardware has also. been conceived. .in.. order to minimize the problems of installation and measurements. An'AT-compatible PC, with eGA, EGA or VGA graphics is the only requirement to drive the system.

The scope of the measurement is to identify and to calculate the highest radiated emission level for each frequency in the range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz.

This can be acheived providing the test site with some facilities, among wich:

o an antenna mast, to vary antenna's height above ground from 1 up to 4 meter to obtain the maximum signal strength,

o a rotating platform, to identify the azimuthal angle of maximum Signal emission,

o a metal ground plane.

The DUT (Device Under Test) must be installed and operated according to its standard conditions.

The maximum signal strength is searched:

o rotating the OUT to find azimuthal angle of maximum emission,

o varying the antenna height from 1 to 4 meters to measure the maximum emission level (reflection phenomenes affect measured values), in case of horizontal polarization,

or

o placing the vertical polarized antenna at the same height of the OUT.

- 9 -

i I

The measured value is recorded and displayed an a logaritmic graphic chart. This operation is repeated for all the frequencies from 30 MHz to 1 GHz.

The following figure summarizes all the requirements to perform radiated emission measurements.

Laborator!j 1

1 ~ 1

1

1

Low noise environ~ent

: t~~~ 11+4 III I 1

1

1

~I ~ I ill I "

I _____ ~~:.... ____ ... I

Fig. 3: Typical configuration for radiated emission measurements.

- 10 -

1.5 - THE IDEAL ENVIRONMENT FOR RADIATED INTERFERENCE MEASURES

Any electrical, electromechanical or electronic device is both a potential source or a receptor of Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI).

The term Radiated EMI refers to the interferences that are coupled between circuits, equipment or systems via electromagnetic fields.

Radiated interferenc,esdnclude.jsituations, imwhich remission could interfere, entering via a receiving antenna system, penetrating a shielded housing or coupling into various signal, command or power leads of a receptor, via radiated paths.

The values of radiated EMI are generally investigated in the frequency range between 30 MHz and 1 GHz, that is in the frequency range where the effect is most relevant.

International and National Standardization Bodies define regulations and maximum allowed limits in matter of radited EM!. Manufacturers are forced to perform compliance tests and measurements before selling their devices.

The basic philosophy of PMM 8030 Measuring System for radiated Interferences is to provide technicians with a reliable and easy-to-use instrument to perform quick and repeated verifications on electrical and electronic products, since the earliest stages of prototyping.

With the new regulations on EMI, PMM 8030 will become a necessary design-debugginginstr.tJmer;)t~jfor~:anyi~',laborator;y:: as much as an oscilloscope or a multimeter.

Nevertheless, PMM 8030 may be used also to perform EMI tests for certifications, Q.A. validation and type-approval, i.e. very accurate and precise tests.

Whenever performing an EMI measurement, for design debugging or in particular for final certification it is necessary to be aware of the fact that the accuracy of any EMI measurement depends not only on the measuring instrument itself, but also on the conditions and the environmet in which the measure is performed.

This is the reason why all EMI regulations and recommendations, such as CISPR, VDE and FCC, pay much attention in defining precisely the proper environment and set-up for a measuring session.

- 11 -

The environment plays an important role in the measure for two main reasons: first, a correct set-up in a "clean" environment prevents the measuring instrument from picking up external noise ,which is not generated by the Device Under Test; secondly the use of the correct environment guarantees the repeteability of the measure.

Depending on the type of radiated test to be performed, there are different types of environments which may be used.

For Commercial testing, the regulations generally indicate the Open Area Test Site (OATS) as the rmost~stlitable:-~test;!environmant;':neverthless radiated EMI tests may also be performed in anechioc or semianechoic rooms, althrough these solutions are only approximations of the Open Field Site and generally very expensive.

A typical set-up for the measurement of radiated EMI is the following:

Fig. 4: Typical measurement set-up.

- 12 -

where:

o OUT is the device to be tested (Device Under Test)

o RX ANTENNA is the antenna which actually takes the signal (LOG PERIODIC or BICONICAL)

o SIGNALANALVZER'is the measuring instrument, typically a RF receiver in the range 30 MHz 1 GHz.

Tests performed in a non-proper environment, such as offices or laboratories with high EM-pollution, should only be considered as indicative, and should not be used for certification or for any official use.

- 13 -

2. OPERATING PMM 8030 SIGNAL ANAL VZER

2.1 CONNECTION TO THE PC

The connection between PC and the Signal Analyzer is realized with the flat cable, 50 PINs connector.

The PC must be equipped with the proprietary parallel interface, plugged within one of the spare slots of the PC mother board. The interface unit is part of the PMM 8030 Measuring System for Radiated Interferences.

2.2 POWER SUPPLY INPUT.

The PMM 8030 Signal Analyzer can be supplied from different voltages sources:

o 220 Vac ±.. 10%, 50 Hz (when the equipment is used in european countries).

o 110 Vac.±. 10%, 60 Hz (for north american countries).

Selection between the two different AC voltages is hardware realized by means of internal presetting. The power cable, to connect mains input to the plug, is provided with the set of cords.

NOTE: the change of the AC voltage value can be done exlusively by trained and authorized personnel at the Manufacturer's Service Centre or at your National Authorized Assistance Centre.

- 14 -

2.2 Voc INPUT.

To allow the operator to perform measurement sessions also in external environment, such as an open field test site, the PMM 8030 Signal Analyzer has been provided with optional Vdc power input.

Vdc input voltage shall be in the range from 18 Vdc to 24 Vdc, such as the supply provided by a small DC/DC converter. Connection between rear - side DC input and battery is realized by means of dedicated cord.

The right Pin connection on the rear panel of the equipment is shown in the following figure.

Pin 1 Ground Pin 3 + !,Ide

o o Pin 6 - !,Ide

3 4

All the other pins 7 are not COTIJl6Cted.

o

Fig. 5: Vdc connector pin-out.

2.4 CONNECTION TO THE ANTENNA SET.

The PMM 8030 Signal Analyzer, is connected to the receiving antenna, Log Periodic or Biconical, through N connectorized coaxial cable.

The cable shall be adequately long to avoid the PC and The PMM 8030 from interfering on the antenna. At the same time, the cable shall be of very good quality, with well defined attenuation characteristics.

Such cable is not provided with the equipment.

- 15 -

2.5 SOFTWARE PROGRAM

The program to run PMM 8030 is provided with the system on a 3 1/ 2" or a 5" diskette. The diskette also contains a linearization standard file and a number of data files representing the most common EMllimits.

We suggest to copy all files on a dedicated sub-directory of your PC's hard disk, in order to have better access and storage capabilities.

2.5 TEST SET - UP.

Once power supplied and connected in the right way the PMM8030 signal analyzer to your PC and to the receiving antenna (LOG - PERIODIC or BICONICAL), before starting with the measurement session, it is necessary to realize a TEST SET - UP in accordance with the reference standard.

The scope of the set-up is to define a standard configuration in order to make measures repeteable and correlatable.

All regulations require that the OUT should be configured in normal operating conditions, with all its parts and cabling, if any, connected. All cables in excess must be draped and bounded if necessary.

Desk top equipment must be placed on a non-conductive table 1 meter high.

It is often valuable ... to."perform preliminary radiated..measurements at a closer distance than 3 meters to'determine;the~emissioncharacteristics of the OUT.

At near distances it is easier to determine the spectrum signature of the OUT and, if applicable, the DUT configuration that produces the maximum level of emission.

A site other than an open field may be used for this purpose, but the operator should be aware that alternate sites may not produce precisely correlatable results.

In this case it is racommended to use the PMM 8030 signal analyzer loudspeaker as an aid to detect ambient signals and to find frequencies of significant emission from the OUT.

Care must be taken not to miss any significant RF emission during these preliminary tests.

- 16 -

2.6 STARTING MEASUREMENT SESSION.

Before starting your measurement session, with the command "8030" from DOS operating system, please check the type of terminal interface with whom your PC is equipped and the DOS release.

Infact if you want to get "hard-copy" printout of your measure, you need a CGA configured terminal or a PC with at least DOS 5.0 relase . In this case you have first to run the DOS program GRAPHIC.EXE and then the 8030 software.

The software release 'isdisplaied on the' screen once entered running command (Le.:PMM 8030 - Release X.X).

Further details concernig this topic can be found in the relevant section of the Software Manual.

- 17 -

3. TECHNICAL DESCAIPTUON

PMM 8030 Signal Analyzer is a convertion receiver with continous coverage in the range 30 MHz - 1 GHz.

Conversion process is realized in four different steps. It must be noted that the first step, that is the first IF filter, is varied according to the different frequency range currently operated:

o lower frequency range (30 MHz - 500 MHz): IF = 310.7 MHz

o upper frequency range (500 MHz - 1 GHz): IF = 760.7 MHz

The following figure shows the block diagram of the instrument.

114

Fig. 6: PMM 8030 block diagram

- 18 -

With reference to the schematic, the first module found following the Input is the Attenuator Module (M1), whose function is to take the input signal to an adequate level. Inside this same module, the pulse generator has been allocated also for the calibration check of the instrument ("AUTOCAL" process).

The second and the third modules (M2 and M3) are the pre-selectors, which employ four band-pass filters each in order to achieve low inter-modulation and good sensitivity .

Module M3 aliocates::all',,the::'freqLJency::convertions, and the 56 MHz master clock quartz generator. All the timings to all the modules are derived from this master clock.

Module M4 contains the PLL , which is locked to a 15 MHz timing signal derived from the 150 MHz master clock signal divided by ten. Inside this same module M4, the VCO has been also allocated; it is used to generate the frequency utilized for the first conversion, in the lower band (790.7 - 1260.7 MHz, minimum step 10 kHz) and in the upper band (810.7 - 1310.7 MHz, minimum step 10 kHz).

Module M5 generates the clock timing signals. This module contains the foundamental clock quartz generator at 150 MHz from which 15 Mz, 450 MHz and 900 MHz timing signals are derived.

Module M6 performs the two first (IF 310.7 MHz and IF 760.7 MHz) and the second (IF 139.3 MHz) frequency conversion steps.

Within module M7 the third (IF 10.7 MHz) and the fourth (IF 455 kHz) frequency conversion steps are~~tealjzed;;~]7he,!,:freo.uency~for '.1he.' 'last conversion is derived from the timing signal generated by the 11.155 MHz quartz oscillator, also allocated within this module.

It must be noted that the signal is amplified and filtered by one of these two IF filters respectively with BW of 120 kHz, as required by almost all the regulations to perform standard measurements, and BW of 10kHz, for radiomonitoring purposes.

In the last module M8, it has been allocated the logarithmic amplifier with the Analog-to-Digital conveter. This module also includes the peak, quasi-peak and average detectors.

Module M8 outputs the digital signals which are available on the 50 pins rear connector of PMM 8030. These are taken as inputs by the I/O board inserted in the Personal Computer and properly processed by the 8030 software to provide displays of the performed measures.

- 19 -

4. SERVICE

WARNING

INTERNAL HARDWARE CHECK AND REPAIRS SHALL BE PERFORMED ONLY BY AUTHORIZED ASSISTANCE AND SERVICE CENTRES.

THE MANUFACTURER, THE WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTORS AND THE NATIONAL DISTR!BUTORS OR AGENTS SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE AND KEPT LIABLE FOR DAMAGES TO GOODS, INSTRUMENTS OR PERSONS CAUSED DURING UNAUTHORIZED OPERATIONS ON THE INSTRUMENTS, OR BY MANOMISSED INSTRUMENTS.

4.1 CALIBRATION CHECK.

In order to check the calibration of PMM 8030 Signal Analyzer, it is necessary to utilize a synthetized frequen:cy'generatorwithAT'LEAST'thefollowing characteristics:

o frequency range 30 MHz - 1 GHz

o accuracy ± 1 kHz

o output level settable at 60 dBuV with accuracy of ± 1 dB.

The calibration check is performed according to the following steps:

A) Take out the bottom and top covers of PMM 8030 Signal Analyzer;

B) Switch on 8030 and run the software;

- 20 -

C) enter the MANUAL MODE menu and set the parameters as follow:

o FREQUENCY 150 MHz

o REF. LEVEL 60 dBuV

o BW IF 120 kHz

o DETECTOR PEAK

D) Set the RF generator output at frequency of 150 MHz with 60dBuV level, and connect it to PMM 8030 RF input (front panel, the RF input normally used to connect the antenna).

E) Adjust the trimmer R25 of module IF (M7) until the readout on the PC screen is 60dBuV.

F) Set the parameter BW IF to 10 kHz and adjust trimmer R50 of module IF (M7) until readout is 60 dBuV.

G) Set the RF generator output at 650 MHz, and set the parameter FREQUENCY of PMM 8030 at 650 MHz as well.

H) Adjust trimmer R9 of the Frequency Converter Module (M9) until readout is 60dBuV.

It is possible to check·theDETECTORS·(PEAK, CISPR or AVERAGE) after having done step F) or H): switch from PEAK to CISPR (Q-PEAK) and AVERAGE and ensure that the readout should not vary more than 0.5 dB.

- 21 -

PMM's 8030 SYSTEM - SOFTWARE MANUAL (ReI. 3 - 9/92)

To operate the system in a simple and user-frendly way, a menu-based software has been adopted. To allow the user to operate the system in different environments, a number of ootion have been orovided to run the PMM 8030 software: , ,

o 8030: normal program execution;

o S030/eGA: to configure a VGA/EGA monitor as CGA monitor;

o 8030/U: program running without 8030 signal analyzer (e.g. for training)

Once started the program, a main menu of i 0 options is displayed on the screen. Options can be selected simply depressing the keypad letter corresponding to the different color letter (red) of the chosen option (EGA/VGA color monitor) or the capitol letter (eGA b/w monitor).

The selected option generally displays a window containing a number of commands, selectable as defined above or moving through the window by means of the UP/DOWN arrowsan~kdepressingENTERkey.once.the choice has been dons.

Some commands, while active, block the system until the function chosen is terminated or the ESC key is depressed. In this case the letters in different color turn from red to blu.

- 22 -

The main menu options are the following:

+ FILE: file handling and exit to DOS

• SWEEP: performs automatic measurements

• SPECTRUM: operates the equipment as a Spectrum Analyzer

+ MANUAL: operates the equipment in manual mode

+ LIMIT: alloW5,to 10adstandardJimitsorJo.create new ones

~ ANTENNAS: defines and select ANTENNAS or PROBES

• PRINT: generates printout and reports of the measurements

• TAB: tables handling for special measurement session

• AUTOCAL: starts the autocalibration procedure

• HELP: displays the on-line help

A further menu is available and can be displayed entering the" / " key. Within this menu it is possible to change the following system detault values:

o increase the duration of a PEAK measure for each frequency from the default value of 100. ms~up.j:o.3000,ms".and.;.the.,.duration of a QPEAK measure for each frequency-from 'the default value of 1 s up to 30 s.

o change the holding time of the MAX HOLD bar of the manual mode from the default value of 3 s to indefinite time.

o define some plotter parameters as: 1 or 3 pen, connection to port COM 1 or COM2, figure ratation of 0 or 90 degrees.

The syntax of these commands is the following:

o Peakdelay n (n from 100 to 3000)

o QPeakde!ay n (n from 1 to 5)

o TimeHold = ON / OFF (ON indefinite time, OFF for 3 s. holding)

- 23 -

o PEN1/ PEN3

o COM1/COM2

< default PEN 1 >

<default COM1 >

o ROO/R090 <default ROO>

Before starting to examine in details all the command in the following sections, a short explanation of the way the system operates is given.

PMM8030 is a computer operated measuring system for radiated interferences and therefore a mass memory.: (har.d;disk1 . .or:,:rfloppy: disk) , where all executable files and other program generated files (limits, measurements, etc.) are stored, and a working volatile memory are available.

The volatile memory permits to store files temporarely, once a time.

In case a second file is loaded, this is dispalied directly on the screen and is available to be compared with the previous stared one.

When the "refresh screen" command is used, only the first file, loaded from the mass memory and allocated within the working memory, is dispalyed on the screen.

The following figure represents a typical dispaly of a measure realized by means of the PMM8030 system.

P M Ii 0 {) 3 II VI Ie ."' .. p Gpao tru .. "'anual LiR.\: ANtcsonnaJl Print nutoo.a.l H

31;1 100 1

i. ---.:-------~--- !

! , : : : , , , : .1 1 J J

; ;

-; , ; ; : ; f-+-, , , ,

.11 " '.Il'Ii. . It.. i III L il .Ml I~ f'W"

,.,.....-1 , I :

6(;1

, ; ! , . .,

Fig. 7: Graphic report of a measurement

- 24 -

1. FILE

The FILE menu contains all the commands required for the manipulation of measurement files and the command to leave the measuring session.

Access to the menu is through keyboard letter F; two windows containing all FILE commands are displayed on the screen:

Save Save

Load Show & Compare

Erase Erase

Unload Unload

Refresh screen Refresh screen

DOS Shell DOS Shell

Exit Exit

The first is displayed when the working memory is unloaded while the sacon is displayed if a measurement file has already been loaded in the working memory.

1.1 SAVE

This command saves in a file the last "sweep" measure and all its parameters.

It is possible to add a line of text to save further informations concerning the performed measure.

- 25 -

1.2 (a) LOAD

Retrieves and loads a previously-stored graphic file, and displays it on the screen. Up and down arrows are used to select among all the stored files, within U"'Je measurement files directory.

i.2 (b) SHOW & COMPARE

Allows to show on the screen a file, without loading it in the working memory.

If file measure paralXleters,{start-and(stop;frequency;Jrequency step) are equal to the parameters of the file loaded in the working memory, all the differences are automatically displayed within a dedicated screen window.

1.3 ERASE

Saved files can be deleted using this command. File selection is made by means of up and down arrows. To minimize accidental or unwanted operation, it is required to the to confirm the erase command.

1.4 UNLOAD

Unloads all data currently stored in the working memory.

1.5 REfRESH SCREEN

Refreshes the screen with the first stored graphic report, that is the file stored in the working memory. The vertical scale is expanded from 0 dBuV to 80 dBuV if the stored measure does not exceed 80 dBuV level for any frequency in the measurement range.

1.6 DOS SHEll

Using this option it is possible to leave temporarely the measurement session and to access to DOS operating system and its commands. Typing "EXIT" from DOS line, the control return to the measurements program.

1.7 EXIT

Quits measurement session and return to DOS.

- 26 -

2. SWEEP

The SWEEP menu allows the user to make an automatic measure, the result of which will be displayed on the screen as a graphic chart in real time.

Before starting the measure, some parameters can be set using the following commands provided within this menu:

o Sweep Start

o Sweep Stop

o Freq. step

o Detector

o Demodulator

o Antenna

o Minim.att.

o ZOOMS

o ZOOML

o GO (Go through table)

o Worst case

30 MHz

1000 MHz

100 kHz

Peak (CISPR, Peak + CISPR, AVERAGE)

Off (FM, AM)

NONE (H, V, H + V)

10 dB (0 dB)

The following figu~e shows the SWEEP Menu overlapped on a measurement performed in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz.

Fig. 8: Sweep menu options

- 27 -

2.1 SWEEP START

Defines sweep start frequency; default value is 30 MHz. A different value can be entered typing any integer number in the range from 30 to 999.

2.2 SWEEP STOP

Defines sweep stop frequency. Default value is 1000 MHz; different values can be entered typing any integer number in the range from 31 to 1000.

2.3 FREQ. STEP

Allows to define frequency stepping of adjacent samples.

The default values (100 kHz) is defined to make a measurement in accordance to CISPR requirements.

Other values can be entered in the range from 50 kHz to 1 MHz; this facility is useful to get more informations from the measure or to speed up measurements when just a IIsurvey" is desired.

Note that when the stepping value is lower than 100 kHz, it is necessary to reduce the frequency range of the measure.

2.4 DETECTOR

Selects the detector to"be used durrng the"measure among the following:

CISPA

PEAK

PEAK + CISPR

AVERAGE

In this way it is possible to make the measurerements on PEAK (instantaneous), CISPR (quasi-peak) or AVERAGE (weighted) values.

- 28 -

PEAK + CISPR option has been provided to speed up checks; in fact the software first runs a peak sweep and only at these frequencies where the peak values are really close, at least 3 dB lower, or above the chosen limit (VDE A or 8, FCC-A ecc.), a CISPR detection is carried on.

PEAK + CiSPR option shall be used only after selecting or defining a limit.

2.5 DEMODULATOR

Switches off or inserts .. ,AM .... / FMdemodulator, to allow the operator an easy identification of noise origin in the'relevantfrequency band.

2.6 ANTENNAS

This optin allows the operator to:

o load an antenna k-factor or a probe attenuation table among the stored ones;

or

o select antenna polarization (H, Vor H + V).

When the H + V option is selected, the measuring system records and display for each frequency only:, ,thg;!,highesL, levehof/Ah'Sc·..two .. measurements, performed with horizontal and vertical antenna polarization.

2.7 M~NIM. ATT.

Defines attenuator's value at the RF input. The choice is between 0 dB and 10 dB (default value).

2.8 ZOOMS

After the sweep measure is completed and the result is displayed on the screen, this command opens a window 4 MHz wide, with central frequency selectable through a marker. If a limit is displayed on the screen, its center frequency value is shown within the window. The marker is moved by means of left and right arrows (step 100 kHz).

- 29 -

To be noted that the speed in the movements of the cursor may be increased by using the arrow key together with the SHIFT (step 1 MHz) key or the CONTROL key (step 5 MHz).

To display the zoom picture, press ENTER when the marker is in the desired position.

Zoom window can be shifted leftward and rightward by means of arrow keys; central frequency is consequently modified.

2.9 ZOOML

An 8 MHz window is open.

2.10 GO (GO THROUGH TABLE)

Starts the measure, according to the selected parameters; if a table has been loaded, an automatic measure is performed only at the frequencies specified within the table. In this case, when the Quasi - peak detector time is set to a value greater than 1 s, a visual indication of the measured emission is displaied on the screen; this option is particulary useful when radiated power measurement is performed. Moving the absorbing clamp along the cable it is possible to localize the max emission value; depressing the space bar the measure at the relevant frequency is done and the system automatically moves to the following frequency.

In any case the measurement can be aborted by means of ESC key. To temporarely stop a measure use the ".H, P or H": keyes.

P Ii M B II 3 0

.' ~;fi: nIl! sw.,,,p '-.otl'U" !'(an ..... ! LiRJ.: IIHt"nn",. Print. Auto" .. !

311 1m! T I !

;.--- --- j i --.-- --.- --·----i-. - - -~- +- •.. f

i i 90 i i ; . i ,

•• 60 ~------ i-----_h i II- --.--~- ,

1, J A!AI'\ ,IL film 'L !'i Mli.. i

I"'''''''" ."!"'" '! I ........... ... : , ! , L _L _! 30

L -~--r--;

I _. ____ L_. ___ l. ___ ;.. ___ ~. __ L __ j g Li .. it: VDI:B3Pl Antenna DI cr.o<;

Fig.9: Radiated emission against VDE 0871 B limit.

- 30 -

2.11 WORST CASE

This option' performs an indefinite number of recursive sweep measures and represents all of them on the graphic chart.

The "ESC" key stops the actual measure.

While saving, only the highest values for each frequency are kept into account; the result is a single representation of the worst case among all the measured values for each frequency.

- 31 -

3. SPECTRUM

The PMM 8030 System for Radiated Interferences can provide graphic display as a Spectrum Analyzer, in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz.

The Spectrum mode option allows the operator to detect any change at a defined frequency while the measure is in progress.

To operate in a correct way the spectrum, it is necessary to set the frequency stepping (SWEEP MelJu)"equanLto.50,kblz"befor.e~starting the measure.

Entering the SPECTRUM menu, through S key, it is possible to set the parameters and to start the measure.

The commands available are:

o Center frequency

o Ref. level

o GOS

o GOl

3.1 CENTER FREQUENCY

Defines the center frequency with a resolution up to 10kHz, entering a value from 30 to 1000.

3.2 REfERENCE lEVEL

Defines input reference level, from 50 dBuV to 120 dBuV (which is equivalent to define the input attenuation from a to 70 dB).

The level is adjustable in step of 10 dB.

- 32 -

3.3 GO S and GO L

Start the recursive sweep. When one of the commands is entered, a window is opened showing the selected central frequency and its related measured level.

1'111'1 0030

..-.---------,------ - --_._-- -------- - ~ - ... _---_.- - . , , -----+--------i

L _______ ~ _____ ._~ ___ ~ __ .~ ___ ~ ___ ~_L __ •. _____________ . _________ L ____ • ________ ~ ______ •••• __ ~ ____ ._,Q

Fig. 10: Spectrum mode, center frequency selection.

A marker on the graphic chart can be moved along all the frequency range, by means of the arrow keys (step of 50 kHz), to select a new center frequency. To be noted that the speed in the movements of the cursor may be increased by using the arrow key together with the SHIFT key (step of 500 kHz) or the CONTROL key (step 2.5 MHz).

Pressing ENTER, a new window with the spectral analysis is opened; to stop the analysis and modify pqrameters pr.essiESGo"'" ... ; .. ,.

PNItI 11039 I 30 ,..--------.1<. I'UIh: fBVI! (c--=-_____ ._, _____ .,j i:~!er.~~'l· E. :'j@ Lr-------.---;-----.-11 gro .. 1----·------·------·------·,-----·--·--·--,,--------·-r-.-__ -_-.-.::.J. 2'"

r,L-. --------'------.-~l go L j._ _:

! -------; 9 Q '- !' Span 4,W"liz l .t : , . , .! ----of--. j • ~ ,':::.::::.~,;:.::.::::.:::::::.:'.::.:::::.,: H--·----·--+·------; t. ;----------f-------: 6Q

~. .L .J .• m ~~W8' [::::::E:::::i:::::::t';:::::::::l . """ ; ~-~-"- ""'" 1 ..... "" ~rt0l·"··!~L~'''''''·-+-''''''''3Q i ' i i !::::::::i::::::::l:::::::::L:::J ~=:=::======!::=::=::==:, e

os .15 I'IHz

Fig. 11: Spectrum mode, recursive sweep within dedicated window.

- 33 -

Selected values are then accepted with the ENTER key and spectral analyse is automatically restarted around the new selected center frequency.

When the spectrum window is opened, it is possible to move the centrel frequency (Le. the whole window) left or right by using the arrow keys as explained above.

GO S opens a window 2 MHz width while GO L opens a window 4 MHz width.

4. MANUAL

With the commands of the MAN UAL menu the operator is able to set the parameters for an accurate inspection about a particular frequency: it is also possible to create a table containing critical frequencies (Xsee also T AS command).

A digital display and an analog indication, with max hold facility, indicate the frequency level.

After entering the Manual menu, pressing the M key, the following is displayed on the screen:

P H M !) El :3 "

t-------jJ

3B.9 dllplJ

AIT. Iil dB

Fig. 12: Manual mode display.

The parameters, selectable moving up and down the arrow keys and pressing ENTER key, can be changed. In the following sections parameters selection and setting is discussed in details.

- 34 -

It is also possible to modify some of the parameters value or options just using left (decrease) and right (increase) arrow keys.

NOTE: the measured value is more accurate (accuracy better than ± 0.5 dB) when the level indicator is within the green 01GA/EGA) or thin (CGA) dBuV 1m values scale.

4.1 FREQUENCY

Allows to enter tune frequency value, expressed in MHz as an integer or two decimal number, between 30 MHz,.and.,1.GHz;Ahe,defauILvalue,is 30 MHz.

A different value can be entered typing any integer number in the range from 30 to 1000. Fine tuning of frequency is then allowed by means of arrow keys.

Using the "INS or INSERT' key the current frequency is added to the table of frequencies that the operator is going to create. The frequency ca be removed using the "DEL" key. The "CTRL -- >" and "CTRL < --" commands scroll onward and backward the loaded frequency table., while "HOME" and "END" keys jump to the first or the last frequency of the table. Once left the MANUAL option, with the "ESC" key, the program automatically enter the TAB menu to allow the operator to manage the frequency able (save, unload, etc.).

4.2 REFERENCE LEVEL

It is possible to set the receiver input reference level from 50 dBuV to 120 dBuV; by default it is initially. set:at'an"highvalue:::(100:. dBuV) to: avoid accidental damages; for this reason it should be carefully decreased, avoiding that the analog indication stays permanently in the upper part of the scale (OVERLOAD). The AUTO option automatically sets the best reference value according to the measured level.

4.3 FREQUENCY STEP

The default value is 100 kHz. Other values can be entered in the range from 50 kHz to 1 MHz; this facility is useful to get more informations from the measure or to speed up measurements when just a "survey" is desired.

4.4 BW IF

It is possible to set two different values: 120 kHz (default value) for standard measurements and 10kHz, for radiomonitoring purposes.

- 35 -

4.5 DETECTOR

A choice among PEAK, CISPR and AVERAGE detector is available.

In this way measurements on PEAK (instantaneous), CISPR (quasi-peak) and AVERAGE (weighted) values will be performed.

It is pointed out that a peak measure gives generally pessimistic result in respect of CISPR or average measure.

4.6 DEMODULATOR

Inserting the AM or FM demodulator, it is possible to listen through the loudspeaker to listen to the noise modulating a certain carrier. This enables the operator for an easier identification of the noise origin, external or internal to the Device Under Test (DTU).

4.7 ANTENNAS

When an antenna factor or probe attenuation table is loaded, this line indicates the antenna factor or the attenuation concerning the actual working frequency.

5, LIMIT

The LIMIT menu allows the user,' by means of its commands:

o Create

o Save

o Load

o Delete

to handle limits masks, defined accordingly to the relevant national/international regulations or particular customer's requirements.

- 36 -

5.1 CREATE

The command enables the operator to draw a new limit mask moving the UP/DOWN (step 0.5 dBuV) and LEFT/RIGHT (step 1 MHz) arrows on the screen and pressing ENTER to change direction. Creating mode is left depressing the ESC key. To be noted that the speed in the horizontal movements of the cursor may be increased by using the arrow key together with the SHIFT key (5 dBuV /m and 10 MHz) or the CONTROL key (50 MHz only).

5.2 SAVE

Saves a limit mask created with the above explained command. New limit is stored in a file.

5.3 LOAD

Loads the file containing the desired limit mask and display it on the screen graphic chart, to ease the check of the. OUT.

A new loaded limit substitutes on the screen the old one, if any.

5.4 DELETE

Deletes the limit displayed on the screen.

- 37 -

6, ANTENNAS

ANTENNAS menu contains the commands to define the antenna and probes parameters, in order to get field values (dBuV 1m) from input voltages (dBuV).

The commands are:

o Load

o Unload

o Freq. Switch

o Save

o Create K

6.1 LOAD

Loads a "FILE.KAN" from the directory, that is a table containing the K factor of the antennas or of the probes used to perform the measurements in the whole frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz.

6.2 UNLOAD

Unloads a K-factor table (e.g. to measure the level of a signal from a Signal Generator). In this case displayed values are in voltages (dBuV) and not in field intensity (d8uV 1m).

6.3 FREQUENCY SW~TCHl

Th:s command enter the frequency value at which the measure sweep is automatically stopped to allow the operator to change antenna (e.g. from biconical to log-periodic).

During the measure a warning is given to the operator when the switching frequency is reached; after having changed the antenna press ENTER to restart the measure.

- 38 -

6.4 SAVE

Once creted a K-factor table, it is possible to save it using this command.

6.5 CREATE K

Allows the operator to create a k-factor table for each different set of antennas. The table consists of frequency and relevant K-factor value.

7. PRINT

The PRINT option allows the operator to get special written warnings while performing the measurement or hard-copy printout, as final report of a measurement session.

The commands available within the PRINT menu are the following:

o Plot

o Plot on file

o Write

o Hard Copy

NOTE: to plot a measurement report (Plot and Plot on file commands) with three different color pens, run PMM 8030 software with the option 8030/P.

7.1 PLOT

This command is used to print out a measurement report by means of a plotter connected to the PC/AT, where the 8030 software is run. This command allows to add a text line of notes, etc. to the measurement report.

- 39 -

Before starting to plot, it is better to check the connection between computer and plotter. The. correct wiring diagram is shown in the following figure. The interface is standard RS232 , with 25 PIN connector.

PC PL077D!

Fig. 12: PC - Plotter wiring diagram.

Should any difficulties still arise, please use the DOS MODE command, to configure in the correct way the serial channel (for example: "COM: 9600, N, 8, 1, P"). Further details can be found in any DOS manual, under the asynchronous communication section.

7.2 PLOT FilE

Creates a file (FILE.PL T) of a measurement report. This command allows to add a text line of notes as above. The file can be plotted directly from DOS, using the DOS plot utilities.

7.3 WRITE

This command provides warning messages on a printer whenever the signal level is close-to or over the selected limit.

This command allows written reports both during the SWEEP process and "off-line", when a measure file is reloaded to the display.

- 40 -

When chosing the WRITE option, the program asks the operator to enter an offset value (in dB) from the limit.

o If 0 is entered, the program will write messages every time the measured levels is over the limit.

o If a non-zero value is entered, the message will be written only when the value trespasses this offset from the limit (to be noted that - for istance - if the operator enter - 5 dB, the program will warn about all the points whose value is over the limit or, while still below, are closer than 5 dB to the limit).

When a measure is.r.unning':,:warnir.1g:messages~.are.:printed in real-time, without any measurement interruption. Warning print-out has the following format:

ELECTROMAGNETIC E MIS S ION T EST

For ........ (1) ........ . mm/dd/yy (2)

Limit ..... (3) ........ .

FREQ (MHz)

(4)

LEVEL (dBuV)

(5)

LIMIT (dBuV) LIMIT DIS (dS)

(6) (7)

The meaning of the messagS':parts:is:the following:

(1) is the name of the file where the measure has been saved or "Untitled" if the measure is still running (to be noted that it is intact possible to have this kind ot print option also on stored files, when compared to limits).

(2) is the date (month/day/year).

(3) is the name ot the selected limit.

(4) is the frequency value whose level has exceeded minimal limit distance value

(5) signal level

(6) limit value

(7) difference between limit and signal level.

- 41 -

7.4 HARDCOPY

This command, equivalent to DOS "Print Screen", is available only when a CGA configured monitor is used or the PC uses a DOS release from 5.0.

If the PC is equipped with EGA/VGA monitor interface and DOS 5.0 is not available, it is possible to use the command running the 8030 software with the command: sOaO/CGA.

In both cases, before running PMM8030 software, it is necessary to run DOS utility GRAPHIC.EXE.

8. TAB

Using this option the operator can create a table with up to 100 critical frequencies; during the measurement session the system automatically goes through this table giving the response in a very short time.

The commands available within this menu are the following:

Create

Save

load

Unload

8.1 CREATE

Entering the appropriate values, a frequency table is created.

8.2 SAVE

Allows the operator to save a file with ".STP" extension, cantaining the frequency table.

- 42 -

8.3 LOAD

This command loads a previously saved frequency table. The list of available tables is displayed on the screen.

8.4 UNLOAD

Unload the actual frequency table, to allow the operator for a new table loading or for standard sweep during the measurement session.

8. AUTOCAL

An automatic calibration procedure has been inserted in order to allow:

- testing 8030 Signal Analyzer;

- adjusting correction values for the measure.

When the procedure is run, by selecting the option AUTOCAL of the main menu (enter the A key), the input preselector, is. connected to an internal high-precision pulse generator ,working'atthe:'frequency :ot1 00 Hz ...

This test signal is analyzed in the frequency domain and the result are compared with the expected values, stored in the software sub-process.

In case of major differences, the system will warn the operator by means of a "beep" sound and a star "*" displayed on the screen. The 8030 Signal Analyzer shall be taken to tile assistance centre for repairs.

In case of minor differences (less than 1 dB) between the measured and the aspected values, this difference will be taken into account by the software program, when displaying the results (self-adjustment).

Due to the importance of havir.g a well-calibrated instruments, we recommend to run the AUTOCAL routine at the beginning of each measuring session (I.e. once a day, allowing a 5 - 10 minutes period for warm-up, after switch-on).

- 43 -

9. HELP

The Help command displays a text file, containing a brief explanations of each command and option.

- 44 -