PNEUROBOTIC ARMPROJECT BY: -

INTRODUCTIONIn manufacturing industry and nuclear industry, a large fraction of the work is Repetitive and judicious application of automation will most certainly result in Optimum utilization of machine and manpower. A `PNEUROBOTIC' Robot has been developed to achieve automation in applications where great sophistication is not needed and simple tasks like picking up of small parts at one location and placing them at another location can be done with great ease.

CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTSAccording to types of application:

Industrial Robots: Robots today are being utilized in a wide variety of industrial applications. Any job that involves repetitiveness, accuracy, endurance, speed, and reliability can be done much better by robots, which is why many industrial jobs that used to be done by humans are increasingly being done by robots. Mobile Robots:Also known as Automated Guided Vehicles, or AGVs. An advanced form of the AGV is the SGV, or the Self Guided Vehicle.These robots have the ability of performing tasks that are non-sequential and non-repetitive in environments that are complex, hence are defined as intelligent robots.

CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTS3. Telerobots:These robots are used in places that are hazardous to humans, or are inaccessible or far away. A human operator located at a distance from a telerobot controls its action.4. Service Robots: Essentially, this category comprises of any robot that is used outside an industrial facility, although they can be sub-divided into two main types of robots: one, robots used for professional jobs, and the second, robots used for personal use. Amongst the former type are the above mentioned robots used for military use, then there are robots that are used for underwater jobs, or robots used for cleaning hazardous waste, and the like.

PNEUMATIC COMPONENTSCompressors

A compressor is a machine that compresses air or another type of gas from a low inlet pressure (usually atmospheric) to a higher desired pressure level. This is accomplished by reducing the volume of the gas. Air compressors are generally positive displacement units and are either of the reciprocating piston type or the rotary.Types of compressor

PNEUMATIC COMPONENTSAir Filters

The air needs to be filtered to be free of moisture and contamination. Air filter is used to do this job. The filter elements remove the particles and moisture as small as 5 microns.

PNEUMATIC COMPONENTSAir pressure regulator

The pressure regulator is used to adjust the desired pressure for the pneumatic system. This use a piston to sense downstream pressure fluctuations. The piston, in turn, works against a set spring pressure. As the pressure downstream drops it is sensed by the diaphragm and the popper valve opens. This adjusts the position of the poppet valve, which limits the downstream pressure to the pre-set valve.

PNEUMATIC COMPONENTSPneumatic Cylinders The cylinder converts the energy of the compressed air into linear motion which extends or retracts the piston rod.

PNEUMATIC COMPONENTSCommon Types of CylindersThere are many different cylinder types. The most common are listed below:

Single acting cylinder - a cylinder in which air pressure is applied to the movable element (piston) in only one direction.

Spring return cylinder - a cylinder in which a spring returns the piston assembly.

Ram cylinder - a cylinder in which the movable element is the piston rod. Double acting cylinder - a cylinder in which air pressure may be alternately applied to the piston to drive it in either direction. Double acting double rod cylinder - Double acting cylinder with a piston rod extending form each end. The piston rods are connected to the same piston. Double rod cylinders provide equal force and speed in both directions.

PNEUMATIC COMPONENTSPneumatic Valves Pneumatic valves are classified as following: -

PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT

ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES OF PNEUROBOTIC ARM:

It is totally controlled by manuallyCost is lessFatigue ness of workers is decreased; there is reduction in absenteeism and help to keep workers satisfied.Because of proper material handling, defects which are produced due to it are reduced.Robots can work 24 hours a day, seven days a week without stopping or tiring.It can operate in fairly large area.

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES OF PNEUROBOTIC ARM:

It can rotate through 270 degreesIt is used where the workers are not available with trainee or experience in skilled factory.It is used to remove the job or work piece from hot furnaces.It can be an alternative to human hand where human life is in danger such as nuclear power plants, for handling toxic substance, etc.Time required for the same work is reduced to half with proper use o pnuerobotic arm.It can be fully atomized to increase accuracy, time efficiency, etc.

DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTIC ARM:

It does not maintain perfect accuracy when not fully atomized due to human handling errors.There are changes of air leakage due to pneumatic components used.Load carrying capacity is less when compared to hydraulic arms.Working area is less as it cannot move on the ground but it can be overruled by attaching the pnuerobotic arm on a moving vehicle.

APPLICATIONS PART HANDLING / TRANSFER:The simple task of moving a part or object from one location to another within the work area is one of the most common applications for robots today. Other parts handling application involve the acquiring of blank or unfinished parts and filling them into some type of machine tools for finishing (e.g. a punch press). The application is often a danger one of a human beings and so is ideally suited for a robot.WELDING:Welding is one of the major uses for an industrial robot. A major advantage of robotic welder is that the arc time (a critical parameter in determining the welds strength) can be carefully controlled.SPRAY PAINTING:The spray painting operation is one that human being should be not performed, both because of the potential fire hazards and the fast that a fine most of paint (both lead and modern plastic based) it carcinogenic. As such, this task is a natural application for the robot and so it is not surprising that there are a large number of manipulators that perform only its particular job. Another advantage in using abort for spray painting is that resultant coating will be for more uniform than a human being could ever produced.