Trutz Haase

THE POBAL HP DEPRIVATION INDEX

Workshop G: Data for Policy Design and Impact Assessment

OECD LEED Conference on

Implementing Change: A New Local Agenda for Jobs and Growth,

Dublin - Kilkenny, 26-27 March 2013

THE 2011 POBAL HP DEPRIVATION INDEX

The purpose of this presentation is

• to provide an overview of the conceptual components which underlie the

Pobal HP Deprivation Index,

• to provide an overview of the changes in absolute and relative deprivation

between 1991 and 2011, and

• to draw out the Index’ relevance for policy design and impact assessment.

Relative Poverty

“People are living in poverty if their income and resources (material, cultural and social) are so inadequate as to preclude them from having a standard of living which is regarded as acceptable by Irish society generally.”

(Government of Ireland, NAPS, 1997)

Relative Deprivation

“The fundamental implication of the term deprivation is of an absence – of essential or desirable attributes, possessions and opportunities which are considered no more than the minimum by that society.”

(Coombes et al., DoE – UK, 1995)

A COMPREHENSIVE DEFINITION OF POVERTY

EFA is essentially an exploratory technique; .i.e. data-driven

all variables load on all factors

the structure matrix is the (accidental) outcome of the variables available

EFA cannot be used to compare outcomes over time

V1

V2

V3

V4

V5

V6

F1

F2

Ordinary Factor Analysis (EFA) reduces variables to a smaller number of underlying Dimensions or Factors

TRADITIONAL APPROACH: EXPLORATORY FACTOR

ANALYSIS (EFA)

CFA requires a strong theoretical justification before the model is specified

the researcher decides which of the observed variables are to be associated with which of the latent constructs

variables are conceptualised as the imperfect manifestations of the latent concepts

CFA model allows the comparison of outcomes over time

CFA facilitates the objective evaluation of the quality of the model through fit statistics

V1

V2

V3

V4

V5

V6

L1

L2

Confirmatory Factor Analysis also reduces observations to the underlying Factors, however

1

2

3

4

5

6

NEW APPROACH: CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS

(CFA)

Demographic Decline (predominantly rural)

population loss and the social and demographic effects of emigration

(age dependency, low education of adult population)

Social Class Deprivation (applying in rural and urban areas)

social class composition, education, housing quality

Labour Market Deprivation (predominantly urban)

unemployment, lone parents, low skills base

THE UNDERLYING DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL

DISADVANTAGE

Age Dependency Rate 1

Population Change 2

Primary Education only 3

Third Level Education 4

Professional Classes

5

Persons per Room

6

Lone Parents

7

Semi- and Unskilled Classes

8

Male Unemployment Rate 9

Female Unemployment Rate 10

Demographic Growth

Social Class

Composition

Labour Market Situation

THE BASIC MODEL OF THE SA-LEVEL

POBAL HP DEPRIVATION INDEX

most disadvantaged most affluent

marginally below the average marginally above the average

disadvantaged affluent

very disadvantaged very affluent

extremely disadvantaged extremely affluent

MAPPING DEPRIVATION

ED-LEVEL

ABSOLUTE

INDEX SCORES

1991

HP Deprivation Index ED 1991 absoluteHaase & Pratschke 2013

30 to 75 (53)

20 to 30 (79)

10 to 20 (252)

0 to 10 (1184)

-10 to 0 (1431)

-20 to -10 (360)

-30 to -20 (49)

ED-LEVEL

ABSOLUTE

INDEX SCORES

1996

HP Deprivation Index ED 1996 absoluteHaase & Pratschke 2013

30 to 75 (52)

20 to 30 (133)

10 to 20 (562)

0 to 10 (1625)

-10 to 0 (875)

-20 to -10 (151)

-30 to -20 (10)

ED-LEVEL

ABSOLUTE

INDEX SCORES

2002

HP Deprivation Index ED 2002 absoluteHaase & Pratschke 2013

30 to 75 (77)

20 to 30 (314)

10 to 20 (1021)

0 to 10 (1440)

-10 to 0 (436)

-20 to -10 (103)

-30 to -20 (16)

-50 to -30 (1)

ED-LEVEL

ABSOLUTE

INDEX SCORES

2006

HP Deprivation Index ED 2006 absoluteHaase & Pratschke 2013

30 to 75 (55)

20 to 30 (314)

10 to 20 (1201)

0 to 10 (1385)

-10 to 0 (341)

-20 to -10 (93)

-30 to -20 (18)

-50 to -30 (1)

ED-LEVEL

ABSOLUTE

INDEX SCORES

2011

HP Deprivation Index ED2011 absoluteHaase & Pratschke 2013

30 to 75 (14)

20 to 30 (82)

10 to 20 (296)

0 to 10 (1026)

-10 to 0 (1414)

-20 to -10 (460)

-30 to -20 (98)

-50 to -30 (18)

ED-LEVEL

RELATIVE

INDEX SCORES

1991

HP Deprivation Index ED 1991 relativeHaase & Pratschke 2013

30 to 75 (53)

20 to 30 (79)

10 to 20 (252)

0 to 10 (1184)

-10 to 0 (1431)

-20 to -10 (360)

-30 to -20 (49)

ED-LEVEL

RELATIVE

INDEX SCORES

1996

HP Deprivation Index ED 1996 relativeHaase & Pratschke 2013

30 to 75 (37)

20 to 30 (100)

10 to 20 (325)

0 to 10 (1112)

-10 to 0 (1390)

-20 to -10 (375)

-30 to -20 (66)

-50 to -30 (3)

ED-LEVEL

RELATIVE

INDEX SCORES

2002

HP Deprivation Index ED 2002 relativeHaase & Pratschke 2013

30 to 75 (11)

20 to 30 (86)

10 to 20 (406)

0 to 10 (1125)

-10 to 0 (1333)

-20 to -10 (346)

-30 to -20 (91)

-50 to -30 (10)

ED-LEVEL

RELATIVE

INDEX SCORES

2006

HP Deprivation Index ED 2006 relativeHaase & Pratschke 2013

30 to 75 (2)

20 to 30 (76)

10 to 20 (420)

0 to 10 (1204)

-10 to 0 (1267)

-20 to -10 (317)

-30 to -20 (98)

-50 to -30 (24)

ED-LEVEL

RELATIVE

INDEX SCORES

2011

HP Deprivation Index ED 2011 relativeHaase & Pratschke 2013

30 to 75 (19)

20 to 30 (91)

10 to 20 (368)

0 to 10 (1161)

-10 to 0 (1331)

-20 to -10 (352)

-30 to -20 (76)

-50 to -30 (10)

HP DEPRIVATION SCORES IN COMPARISON, 1991-2011

HP Deprivation Index N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

HP 1991 ED absolute 3,409 -28.0 73.3 0.0 10.0

HP 1996 ED absolute 3,409 -27.4 45.7 4.3 9.2

HP 2002 ED absolute 3,409 -30.6 42.1 8.4 9.9

HP 2006 ED absolute 3,409 -35.0 39.9 9.2 9.3

HP 2011 ED absolute 3,409 -43.7 41.6 -1.4 10.1

HP 1991 ED relative 3,409 -28.0 73.3 0.0 10.0

HP 1996 ED relative 3,409 -34.4 45.1 0.0 10.0

HP 2002 ED relative 3,409 -39.4 34.0 0.0 10.0

HP 2006 ED relative 3,409 -47.4 32.9 0.0 10.0

HP 2011 ED relative 3,409 -41.9 42.7 0.0 10.0

THE POBAL HP DEPRIVATION INDEX -

DUBLIN INNER CITY (ED LEVEL)

THE POBAL HP DEPRIVATION INDEX -

DUBLIN INNER CITY (SA LEVEL)

SA-LEVEL

RELATIVE

INDEX SCORES

2011

Relative Index Score 2011Haase & Pratschke 2012

30 to 50 (30)

20 to 30 (474)

10 to 20 (2412)

0 to 10 (6232)

-10 to 0 (6483)

-20 to -10 (2408)

-30 to -20 (447)

-60 to -30 (2)

Local development

Local Community Development Programme (LCDP), RAPID

Childcare Initiatives, Family Resource Centres, County Development Plans

Health

Mortality Studies, Epidemiological Studies, Primary Health Care, Health

Inequality

Education

Educational Disadvantage, Higher Education Access Route

Environment

National Transport Planning, National Spatial Strategy

Statistical Methods and Research Design

Improved Sampling Strategy for CSO Household Surveys

Social Equality / Inequality (EU-SILC, QNHS, GUI, TILDA, SLAN, NDS)

USING THE POBAL HP DEPRIVATION INDEX

FOR POLICY DESIGN AND IMPACT EVALUATION

Low Moderate High

Affluent Deprived

SD -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

0.1% 2.1% 13.6% 34.1% 34.1% 13.6% 2.1% 0.1%

Health

Risks

HEALTH RISK AND RELATIVE AFFLUENCE / DEPRIVATION

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