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Pocket Guide to Flanges, Fittings, and Piping Data by R. R. Lee ISBN: 088415310X Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology Books Pub. Date: November 1999
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Page 1: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Pocket Guide to Flanges, Fittings, and Piping Data

by R. R. Lee

• ISBN: 088415310X

• Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology Books

• Pub. Date: November 1999

Page 2: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

PREFACE

Materials personnel are usually the first to be assigned to a project and the last to close it. Their responsibilities of collecting tables, catalogs, specifications, and materi- als accounting system forms and supplies commence even before they depart for the jobsite, which could very well be in Mukluk, AI Mukalla, AI Khobar, Belo Horizonte, or just outside of Houston. To have all the required docu- mentation on hand at the jobsite is a real challenge.

This handbook is designed to bridge the gap for piping data and materials storage procedures until a more formal specification has been issued by your project manager. It is intended to help train new materials per- sonnel on the project by answering questions they may be afraid to ask. The markings on fittings and pipe are explained in a non-technical language. Pipe schedules are provided to show equal schedules in certain sizes, but different call-outs such as standard and schedule 40. Tables describing the size and length of bolts for flanges and clamps are included, in addition to the size wrench

xi

Page 3: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

required to fit the nut. An oval ring gasket cross-refer- ence chart is also included.

The book is quite useful to drafters, purchasing agents, pipefitters, students, and project managers.

The material in the book is believed to be technically correct; neither the author nor Gulf Publishing Company warrant its use. Always consult the applicable specifica- tion issued by the project manager at your project.

R. R. Lee Houston, Texas

i .

Xll

Page 4: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to express my appreciation to certain colleagues and business associates for their contributions and support for strong material control programs: J. M. Smith, P. Rajagapolan, and Mohd Kunhi, MIS Dubai, U.A.E.; A.S. Zeidy, Cairo, Egypt; T. W. Acosta, C. L. Davis, McDermott (Saudi Arabia); Joseph Twail, MIS Oman; Edgar H. Von Minden, Jr., Tube Turns Tech- nologies, Inc.; Beatrice Welch, M. D.; J. R. Lee, AMOCO Produc- tion Co.; K. D. Callaway, HAH-Kuwait; Delmar and Elmar Boyd, Bechtel (Libya); Kevin Talbot, MIS-Sharjah; Yousef A. AI-Omani, MISCO-Kuwait; and my wife Pat for assistance with the prepara- tion of this book.

Page 5: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table of Contents Acknowledgments, Page x

Preface, Pages xi-xii

1 - ANSI Flanges, Pages 1-39

2 - ANSI Buttweld Fittings, Pages 41-65

3 - Refinery Pipe, Pages 66-82

4 - API Flanges, Pages 83-103

5 - Stainless Steels, Pages 104-126

6 - Miscellaneous Items, Pages 127-134

7 - Pipeline Pigs, Pages 135-148

8 - Materials Handling Tips, Pages 149-156

Appendix A - Piping Abbreviations, Pages 157-162

Appendix B - Useful Formulas, Pages 163-165

Index, Pages 166-171

About the Author, Page 172

Page 6: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

1

ANSI FLANGES

A flange is used to join pipe, valves, or a vessel within a system. The common ANSI flanges are shown in Fig- ure 1-1, and special flanges are illustrated and defined later in this chapter.

ANSI Standards

Pressure ratings for flanges are designed to ANSI standards of 150 Ib, 300 Ib, 400 Ib, 600 Ib, 900 Ib, 1500 Ib, and 2500 lb. The most common terminology used is the pound reference, although the more formal reference is by class, such as Class 150 flange.

The ANSI standards require that each flange be stamped with identifying markings as shown in Figure 1-2. The markings include:

1. Manufacturer's trade name. 2. Nominal pipe size--the outside diameter of pipe

the flange will match when welded to the pipe. 1

Page 7: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

"Im~L~_ZATLO R ~ORGE_A ~ Welding Neck Flange

~-.LO~-]~] TAYLOR FORGE~

Slip-on Flange

Threaded Flange

~..~r i q

~ f W ~

~_~ TAYLOR FORGE A"

Lap Joint Flange (Continued on next page)

Page 8: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

q Reducing Slip-on Flange

~.~,~ ~"~. ~... i ~*

Socket Welding Flange

f 4,JI, b ~

k

Blind Flange

Figure 1-1. ANSI flanges. (Courtesy of Taylor Forge.)

Page 9: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

O

~

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Page 10: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

3. Primary pressure rating (also known as the flange rating)--150-Ib, 300-1b, etc.

4. Face designation--the machined gasket surface area of the flange (resembles a phonograph record, see Figure 1-3). The flange face is the most impor- tant part of the flange. The lhs-in, raised face is

Figure 1-3. Flange face gasket surfaces. (Courtesy of Taylor Forge.) 5

Page 11: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

common in 150-1b and 300-1b classes. Heavier rat- ings are ~/4-in. raised faces. A ring type joint is available in all classes, but more common in the 600-1b and greater classes.

5. Bore (also known as the nominal wall thickness of matching pipe)--the measure of the flange wall thickness, which matches the inside dimension of the pipe being used.

6. Material designation--ASTM specifications that describe the raw materials from which the flange is made, such as ingots, blooms, billets, slabs, or bars.

7. Ring gasket number--used when the flange face is a ring type joint style.

8. Heat number or code--the batch number used by steel forgers to identify a particular batch number of steel forgings and test results. The mill test re- sults are made available to the purchasers of the flanges.

Flange Bores

Weldneck and socket weld flanges are drilled (ma- chined) with the wall thickness of the flange having the same dimensions of the matching pipe. The lighter the pipe is, the larger the bore; conversely, the heavier the pipe, the smaller the bore.

Other flanges are drilled to match the outside diameter of pipe sizes, and do not have bore markings to indicate a pipe schedule. 6

Page 12: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Types of ANSI Flanges

Weldneck Flange

This flange, shown in Figures 1-1 and 1-2, is normally used for high-pressure, cold or hot temperatures.

Slip-on and Lap Joint Flanges

Figure 1-4 shows these "twin" flanges. Note, however, that a slip-on flange is bored slightly larger than the OD of the matching pipe. The pipe slips into the flange prior to welding both inside and outside to prevent leaks.

The lap joint flange has a curved radius at the bore and face to accommodate a lap joint stub end. (Stub ends are described in Chapter 2.) The lap joint flange and stub end assembly are normally used in systems re- quiring frequent dismantling for inspection.

Threaded Flange

This type of flange, shown in Figure 1-5, is used in sys- tems not involving temperature or stresses of any magni- tude.

Socket Weld Flange

This flange is similar to slip-on flange, except they have a bore and a counter bore. See Figure 1-6.

7

Page 13: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Slip-on Flange

Lap Joint Flange

Figure 1-4. Slip-on and lap joint flanges. (Courtesy of Taylor Forge.)

The counter bore is slightly larger than the OD of the matching pipe, allowing the pipe to be inserted. A restric- tion is built into the bottom of the bore, which acts as a shoulder for the pipe to rest on, and has the same ID of the matching pipe. The flow is not restricted in any direc- tion. 8

Page 14: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 1-5. Threaded flange. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Indus- tries.)

Figure 1-6. Socket weld flange. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Industries.)

Reducing Flange

The reducing f lange is similar in every respect to the full size of the f lange from which the reduction is to be made. See Figure 1-7A.

9

Page 15: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

A B

figure 1-7. Reducing and blind flanges. (Courtesy of Tube Turns Technologies, Inc.)

The reducing flange is described in the same manner as a reducer--that is, the large end first, the reduction second. An example would be a 6-in. raised face by 2-in. threaded reducing flange, ANSI 150 Ib rating.

Blind Flange

Figure 1-7B shows a blind flange, which has no bore, and is used to close ends of piping systems. A blind flange also permits easy access to a line once it has been sealed.

The blind flange is sometimes machined to accept a pipe of the nominal size to which the reduction is being made. The reduction can be either threaded or welded.

Miscellaneous Flanges

Long Weldneck Flange

This is a special flange used for nozzles on pressure vessels. The hub is always straight, and the hub thick- ness is greater than the diameter of any piping that may be bolted to the flange. See Figure 1-8. 10

Page 16: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 1-8. Long weldneck flange. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Industries.)

Orifice Flange

The function of an orifice flange is to meter the flow of liquids and gases through a pipe line. Figure 1-9 shows an orifice flange complete with bolting and jack screws. The jack screws are used to spread the flanges apart in a line to change an orifice plate between the two flanges.

Figure 1-9. Orifice flange with jack screws. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Industries.)

11

Page 17: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 1-10. Cutaway of an orifice flange. (Courtesy of Taylor Forge.)

As illustrated in Figure 1-10, the orifice flange has drilled and tapped outlets for installing the metering de- vice (recorder).

Materials Control

Receiving Flanges

It is very important to carefully examine every flange to verify that each conforms to the purchase order speci- fications. It is equally important to check for damage to the face and beveled end, and inspect the flanges for corrosion. Report any damage or other discrepancies to your supervisor or prepare an over, short, and damage report (OS&D). 12

Page 18: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Applying Commodity Code Numbers

When flanges are received, apply your company's commodity identification numbers on flanges and other materials.

Apply the numbers in the same area as the manufac- turer's stamped flange identification numbers. Always stock the flanges with the numbers facing the same di- rection for prompt and positive material identification.

Storing Flanges

The preferred storage method for flanges is face down on wooden pallets or wooden docks, using dunnage to separate each layer of flanges, as shown in Figure 1-11. (For dunnage, use wooden strips, paneling, cardboard, plywood, etc.) Special care should be extended to the flange facing during storage or shipments to other areas.

~ ~ - ~ L -~ ~ ~ ~,~ Flanges

I ~ ~11~ ...... - ~ ~ ~ Dunnage

Pallet or Dock

Figure 1-11. Diagram of method for storing flanges. 13

Page 19: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Accounting Records

Good technical descriptions are necessary in any sys- tem. The very best source for technical descriptions is your company's computer master. If the computer mas- ter is not available, then try to be consistent each time you describe the same materials in the accounting sys- tem. A good technical description of the weldneck flange shown in Figure 1-2 would be:

What is it? What type facing?

What is the pressure rating? What is the bore?

Weldneck Flange. Faced and drilled raised face. ANSI 150 Ib rating. Bore standard weight (.237-inch wall thick- ness).

It is not necessary when describing flanges and other materials to include the trademark, the ASTM specifica- tion, or the heat number unless requested to do so by your supervisor.

Shipping Flanges

When flanges are to be shipped to other locations ei- ther loose or as an integral part of a fabricated pipe piece, protect the flange face with a flange protector, and the beveled end with an end protector.

Flange protectors are very inexpensive compared to replacing even one damaged flange during an offshore 14

Page 20: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 1-12. Commercial flange protectors. (Courtesy of Mark V, division of Phoe- nix Industries, Inc.)

or overseas shipment. Figure 1-12 shows a low-cost, du- rable protector that can be quickly installed and locked in place by friction lock poly bolts.

These protectors protect the entire flange facing from impact damage, and will not deteriorate. The protectors are reusable. A wrap of duct tape around the outer edge of the protector and the flange ring will prevent sand and water from entering the pipe or nozzle areas.

Flange Dimensions

Table 1-1 includes the wall thickness schedules and di- mensions of ANSI flanges. The table is very useful to en- gineers, draftsmen, fabricators, purchasing, and materi-

15

Page 21: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

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Page 23: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

als control persons. Familiarize yourself with the table and its contents.

For an exercise, blank out the markings on a flange, and by using the table as a reference, properly identify the flange as to size, bolt holes, rating, bore, etc. The practice will enrich your skill and self-confidence as a materials person.

Table 1-1 also includes pipe schedules that describe the flange bores,as well as fittings. It is necessary at this time for you to become familiar with the following sched- ule terminology:

Light wall Schedule 10 (Sch/10, S/10) Schedule 20 (Sch/20, etc.) Schedule 30 Schedule 40 Standard Weight Schedule 60 Extra Strong (Extra heavy, EH, XH) Schedule 80 Schedule 100 Schedule 120 Schedule 140 Schedule 160 Double Extra Strong (Double extra heavy, XXH, XXS)

Many of the schedules are identical in certain sizes, and either description is correct, but be consistent. An example of 6-in. Schedule 40, standard weight, or .237- 18

Page 24: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

in. wall thickness. All three have the same meaning per Table 1-1, in the 6-in. size.

ANSI Flange Bolting

Stud Bolts

In ANSI piping, stud bolts are stamped with identifying numbers on the ends of bolts and the face of the nuts. A common mark for bolts is B7, and Grade 2H on the nuts. The bolts are often plated with various coatings, some of which are listed below:

Plating Marking

Cadmium B7 Zinc L7 Chromium B16 Tin B8 Silver B8M

Stud bolts are shipped from vendors as so many bolts/ nuts per pound. If the purchase order states 100 stud bolts with two heavy hex nuts each, then you may re- ceive 99 or 102 bolts with nuts. To save time, and avoid counting each bolt, verify the total weight as being cor- rect, verify about 25% of the markings per the specifica- tion, then store the bolts in the shipping container rather than using valuable warehouse shelving space.

19

Page 25: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Do not grease, spray, or clean bolts without specific in- structions from your supervisor. Do not store new bolts with used bolts.

Machine Bolts

The machine bolt is commonly used for slip-on and threaded flanges. Only one heavy hex nut is required for a machine bolt. Both the bolt and the nut are identified the same way as for stud bolts.

Measuring Stud Bolts

A fast way to measure a stud bolt diameter is by mea- suring the thickness of the heavy hex nut; for example, a 1/2-in. diameter bolt has a heavy hex nut that is 1/2-in. thick.

Measure the length of stud bolts to the nearest 1/4-in. from thread to thread, less the point heights as shown in Figure 1-13.

CI I [ llilliiai i lliIiIiIiliII I ]IIO Point height

Stud Bolt With Nuts

Figure 1-13. Method of measuring stud bolts. (Courtesy of the American Petro- leum Institute.) 20

Page 26: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

I I I t l l l l l l l l lJ l fJ I I..d

Figure 1-14. Method of measuring machine bolts. (Courtesy of the American Pe- troleum Institute.)

Measuring Machine Bolts

Measure the length of a machine bolt from the under- side of the head to the end point. See Figure 1-14. (All bolts are rounded off to the nearest V4-in.).

Tables 1-2 through 1-16 describe stud bolt and machine bolt tables for all ANSI flanges previously discussed for raised and flat faced flanges, plus ring type joint flanges (RTJ). The tables also include the size of the wrench re- quired to fit the heavy hex nuts used on each diameter of stud bolts. (Wrench size is calculated as one and one-half times the size of the bolt plus one eighth of an inch). Figure 1-15 shows a dimensional gauge for bolting.

Example: 1V2 x 1 = 1~/2 + ~/8 = l S/8-in. wrench for a 1-in. nut.

Table 1-17 gives suggested materials for use in differ- ent line service temperatures.

21

Page 27: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

�9 .

Figure 1-15. Dimensional gauge for bolting. (Courtesy of Lone Star Screw Co. of Houston, Inc.)

22

Page 28: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-2 Alloy Steel Machine Bolts for ANSI 150-1b

Raised Face or Flat Face Flanges, Each with One Heavy Hex Nut

Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench Pipe Machine Bolts of Size for

Size (in.) Required Machine Bolts (in.) Nut (in.) 1/2 % 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 3O 32 34 36 42

4 l h x 2 4 lh x 21/4 4 lh x 21/4 4 lh x 21h 4 lh x 21h 4 % x 23/4 4 % x 3 4 % x 31/4 8 %x3V4 8 s18 x 3114 8 314 X 3114 8 314 x 3112 8 3/4 X 33/4

12 % x 4 12 % x 41/4 12 1 x41h 16 1 x43/4 16 1118 x 5 20 1118 x 511, 20 1114 x 5314 20 1114 x 6 24 11/4 X 61/4 28 1114 X 61/4 28 11/4 x 61/2 28 11/2 x 7 32 1112 x 7114 32 1112 x 7114 36 11/2 x 73/4

% % % % 7/8 11/le 11/le lY16 1Vie lY16 11/4 11/4 11/4 1%6 17/16 1% 1% 113/lS 113/16 2 2 2 2 2 23/8 2318 2% 23/8

In a g r e e m e n t w i th ANSI B. 16.5

23

Page 29: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-3 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 150-1b

Raised Face or Flat Face Flanges, Each with Two Heavy Hex Nuts

Nominal Number M Size & Length Wrench Pipe Bolts of Size for

Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.)

.'/2 314 1 1114 1112 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 42

4 V2x21h 4 V2x2V2 4 112 x 2% 4 l12x2a14 4 Y 2 x 3 4 %x3V4 8 %x3V2 4 % x 3314 4 % x 3% 4 sis x 3314 8 s /4x4 8 S/4X4 8 s14 X 4.'h

12 71s x 4314 12 % x 4314 12 I x 5"14 16 1 x 5.'/2 16 1.'/8 x 6 20 11/s x 6.'/4 20 1.'/4 x 6% 20 1.'/4 x 7 24 1.'/4 x 71/4 28 1.'/4 x 71/4 28 I.'14 X 7.'12 28 1.'/2 X 8.'14 32 IV, X 8114 32 11/2 x 8.'/2 36 1V2x9

% % 71, 1is % lyle 11/16 1Vie ly16 1vie 1114 1114 1114 17/le 1711e 15/8 1% 1-/le 113116 2 2 2 2 2 2% 2% 2% 2%

In ag reemen t wi th ANSI B. 16.5

24

Page 30: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-4 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 300-1b Raised Face Flanges, Each with Two

Heavy Hex Nuts Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench

Pipe Bolts of Size for Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.)

1/2 3/4 1 11/4 111, 2 21/, 3 31/2 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36

4 1/2 x 2% 4 % x 3 4 %x31h 4 % x 3 1 h 4 3/4 x 3% 8 %x31h 8 3 h x 4 8 3/4 x 41/4 8 3h x 41h 8 314 x 41h 8 314 x 4314

12 314x5 12 718 x 511, 16 1 X61/4 16 11/8 X 6% 20 11/8 X 7 20 11/4 X 71/2 24 .1114 x 73/4 24 1114 x 8114 24 11/2 x 9 24 11/2 X 91/4 28 15/8 • 10114 28 1518 x I0a14 28 1314 x 11114 28 1718 x 12114 28 1718 x 12112 32 2 x 13

7Is 1Vie lV16 1Vie 11/4 11/16 1114 1114 1114 1114 1114 1114 1711e 1% 113118 113116 2 2 2 2% 23/8 2% 29/lS 2314 21S116 215/16 31/3

In ag reemen t wi th ANSI B. 16.5

25

Page 31: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-5 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 400-1b Raised Face Flanges, Each with Two

Heavy Hex Nuts Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench

Pipe Bolts of Size for Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.)

lh 3/4 1 lV4 11h 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 24

4 1/2 x 31/4 4 % x 3 1 h 4 %x3% 4 % x 4 4 %x41h 8 %x41h 8 3/4 x 43/4 8 3/4x5 8 %x51h 8 7hx51h 8 7/8 X 53/4

12 % x 6 12 I x 6314 16 11/8 x 71/2 16 11/4 x 8 20 11/4 x 81/4 20 1% x 83/4 24 1% x 9 24 11/2 X 93/4 24 13/4 X 103/4

7/8 1Vie lyre lV16 11/4 1Vie 11/4 11/4 17118 17/le 17/lS 17118 1% 113/m 2 2 23he 23/1, 23/, 23/,,

In ag reemen t wi th ANSI B. 16.5

26

Page 32: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-6 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 600-1b Raised Face Flanges, Each With Two

Heavy Hex Nuts Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench

Pipe Bolts of Size for Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.)

1/2 3/4 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 36

4 lh x 31/4 4 % x 31/2 4 % x 33/4 4 S/ex4 4 314x41/4 8 5h x 41/4 8 % x 43/4 8 3/4x5 8 % x 51/2 8 718 X 5314 8 1 x61/2

12 1 x 6% 12 11/8 x 73/4 16 11/4 x 81/2 20 1114 X 8314 20 13/8 x 91/4 20 11/2 x 10 20 1518 X 103/4 24 15/8 x 111/2 24 13/4 x 12114 24 17/8 x 13 28 17/8 x 131/2 28 2 x 14 28 2 x 14114 28 21/4 x 15 28 21/2 x 16

7/a 11/18 11/15 11116 11/4 11/16 11/4 11/4 17/le 17116 15/8 15/8 113116 2 2 23/16 23/8 29/16 29/16 23/4 215/le 215/18 31/8 31/8 31/2 3%

In a g r e e m e n t wi th ANSI B. 16.5

27

Page 33: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-7 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 900-1b Raised Face Flanges, Each With Two

Heavy Hex Nuts Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench

Pipe Bolts of Size for Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.)

1/2 % 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 24

4 % x 41/4 4 % x 41/2 4 % x 5 4 7/8x5 4 1 x51/2 8 7/s x 53/4 8 1 x61/4 8 7/e x 53/4 8 11/8 x 6% 8 11/4x 71/2

12 11/8 x 7% 12 13/8 x 83/4 16 13/8 x 91/4 20 13/8 x 10 20 11/2 x 103/4 20 15/8 x 111/4 20 17/8 x 123/4 20 2 x 131/2 20 2,/2 x 171/4

11/4 11/4 17/le 17/16 15/8 17/,6 1% 17/le 113/le 2 113/le 23/le P/le 23/le 23/8 2911e 21s116 311e 3718

In ag reemen t wi th ANSI B. 16.5

28

Page 34: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-8 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 1500-1b

Raised Face Flanges, Each With Two Heaw Hex Nuts

Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench Pipe Bolts of Size for

Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.) 1/2 3/4 1 11/4 lV2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 24

4 % x 41/4 4 %x41h 4 % x 5 4 % x 5 4 1x51h 8 % x 5 % 8 1 x61/4 8 11/8 x 7 8 1114 x 7% 8 11/2 x 9%

12 1% x 10114 12 1% x 11112 12 1% x 13114 16 2 x 14314 16 21/4 x 16 16 21/2 x 17112 16 2% x 19112 16 3 x 21112 16 31/2 x 24V2

11/4 11/4 17/m 17/le 1% 17/le 1% 113116 2 23/8 23/16 29116 21s/16 31/a 31/2 37/8 41/4 4% 5%

In ag reemen t wi th ANSI B. 16.5

29

Page 35: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-9 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 2500-1b

Raised Face Flanges, Each With Two Heavy Hex Nuts

Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench Pipe Bolts of Size for

Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.) 112 3/4 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4 6 8

10 12

4 %x51h 4 %x51h 4 7/8 X 53/4 4 1 x61h 4 11hx7 8 1 x71h 8 11/8 x 8 8 11hx9 8 11/2 x 101/2 8 2 x 13314

12 2 x 15114 12 2112 x 19112 12 2% x 21112

1114 1114 I;'115 1518 113115 1518 113115 2 2318 3118 3118 3'18 4114

In ag reemen t with ANSI B. 16.5

30

Page 36: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-10 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 150.1b

Ring Type Joint Flanges With Two Heavy Hex Nuts Each

Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench Oval Ring Pipe Bolts of Size for Gasket

Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in,) Nuts (in.) R-Number

1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 24

4 l h x 3 V 4 718 4 lh x 31h 7/8 4 lh x 31h 7/8 4 % x 33/4 l Vie 4 % x 4 1Vie 4 sis x 41/4 1Vie 8 % x 4114 I~11s 8 % x 4114 11he 8 314 X 41h 1114 8 314 x 41h 1114 8 314x 4314 1114

12 718 x 5114 17116 12 718 x 5114 17116 12 1 X 5314 1518 16 1 x 6 15/8 16 11/8 x 6V2 113h6 20 11/8 x 63/4 113h6 20 11/4 x 71/2 2

R-15 R-17 R-19 R-22 R-25 R-29 R-33 R-36 R-40 R-43 R-48 R-52 R-56 R-59 R-64 R-68 R-72 R-76

In agreement with ANSI B. 16.5

31

Page 37: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-11 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 300-1b Ring Type Joint Flanges, Each With

Two Heavy Hex Nuts Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench Oval Ring

Pipe Bolts of Size for Gasket Size (in.) Required Stud Bolls (in.) Nuts (in.) R-Number

1/2 % 1 11/4 11/2 2 2~/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 24

4 1/2x3 ;'Is 4 % x 31/2 1Vie 4 5/8 x 33/4 11/le 4 % x 33/4 1~/le 4 % x 41/4 11/4 8 5/8 x 41/4 11/16 8 314 X4314 1114 8 314X5 1114 8 314 X 5114 1114 8 314 X 51h 1114 8 314 x 5112 1114

12 314 x 5314 1114 12 718 x 6114 1711e 16 1 x 7 1518 16 11/8 x 71/2 113/le 20 l~/s x 7% 113/18 20 11/4 x 81/4 2 24 lV4 x 81/2 2 24 11/4 x 9 2 24 11/2 x 101/4 2%

R-11 R-13 R-16 R-18 R-20 R-23 R-26 R-31 R-34 R-37 R-41 R-45 R-49 R-53 R-57 R-61 R-65 R-69 R-73 R-77

In agreement with ANSI B. 16.5

32

Page 38: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-12 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 400-1b

Ring Type Joint Flanges, Each With Two Heavy Hex Nuts

Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench Oval Ring PIN Bolts of Size for Gasket

Size (in,) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.) R-Number lh % 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 24

4 l h x 3 7/a 4 5/8 x 31/2 1 Vie 4 5/8 x 33/4 1V16 4 5/8 x 4 lVls 4 %x41h 1114 8 5/8 x 41/2 11/le 8 314X5 1114 8 314 X 5114 1114 8 718 X 5314 17/16 8 7/a X 53/4 17116 8 718 x 6 17115

12 718 x 6114 17118 12 I x 7 1518 16 11/8 x 73/4 113118 16 1114 X 8114 2 20 11/4 x 81/2 2 20 1% x 9 2-~/16 24 1% x 91/4 23hs 24 11/2 x 10 2% 24 1% x 111/4 2%

R-11 R-13 R-16 R-18 R-20 R-23 R-26 R-31 R-34 R-37 R-41 R-45 R-49 R-53 R-57 R-61 R-65 R-69 R-73 R-77

In ag reemen t wi th ANSI B. 16.5

33

Page 39: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-13 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 600-1b Ring Type Joint Flanges, Each With

Two Heavy Hex Nuts Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench Oval Ring

Pipe Bolts of Size for Gasket Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.) R-Number

1/2 3/4 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28 30 36

4 1/2x3 % 4 % x 31/2 lY16 4 5/8 x 3314 1 Vie 4 % x 4 lVls 4 3/4 x41h 1114 8 5/8 x 41/2 11/le 8 3/4x5 11/4 8 3/4 x 51/4 11/4 8 718 x 5314 17/le 8 % x 6 17116 8 1 x63h 1518

12 1 x 7 1% 12 1118 x 7314 113/16 16 11/4 x 8314 2 20 11/4 x 9 2 20 13/8 x 91/2 23118 20 1112 x 10114 2318 20 1518 x 11 29118 24 1518 x 11314 29118 24 1718 x 13114 215118 28 1718 x 14 215118 28 2 x 14112 31/8 28 2 x 14314 31/8 28 21/2 x 16314 37/8

R-11 R-13 R-16 R-18 R-20 R-23 R-26 R-31 R-34 R-37 R-41 R-45 R-49 R-53 R-57 R-61 R-65 R-69 R-73 R-77 R-93 R-94 R-95 R-98

In a g r e e m e n t wi th ANSI B. 16.5

34

Page 40: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-14 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 900-1b Ring Type Joint Flanges, Each With

Two Heavy Hex Nuts Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench Oval Ring

Pipe Bolts of Size for Gasket Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.) R-Number

1/2 3/4 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 24

4 314x4114 11/4 4 3/4 x 4V2 11/4 4 % x 5 17/lS 4 % X 5 17/15 4 1 X 51/2 1% 8 % X 5314 17115 8 I X 6114 1518 8 7/8 X 6 17116 8 11/8 X 7 113116 8 11/4 X 73h 2

12 11/8 X 73/4 113115 12 13/e X 9 23/lS 16 1318 X 91/2 23116 20 1318 X 10114 23116 20 11/2 x 11114 23/8 20 1518 x 11314 28116 20 1718 x 13112 215116 20 2 x 141/4 31/8 20 2112 x 17314 3718

R-12 R-14 R-16 R-18 R-20 R-24 R-27 R-31 R-37 R-41 R-45 R-49 R-53 R-57 R-62 R-66 R-70 R-74 R-78

In ag reemen t wi th ANSI B. 16.5

35

Page 41: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-15 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 1500-1b

Ring Type Joint Flanges, Each With Two Heavy Hex Nuts

Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench Oval Ring Pipe Bolts of Size for Gasket

Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.) R-Number 1/2 % 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 24

4 3/, x 41/4 11/, 4 %x41h 11/4 4 % x 5 17/le 4 7/8 x 5 17/16 4 1 x 51/2 1% 8 % x 53/4 17he 8 1 x61/, 1% 8 11/e x 7 113he 8 11/4 x 73/4 2 8 1~/2 x 9s/4 2%

12 13/8 x 101/2 23he 12 15/8 x 12 2~ 12 17/8 x 133/4 21shs 16 2 x 151/, 31/a 16 21/4 x 17 31/2 16 2Y2 x 18Y2 3% 16 2% x 201/2 41/4 16 3 x 22112 4% 16 31/2 x 25% 5%

R-12 R-14 R-16 R-18 R-20 R-24 R-27 R-35 R-39 R-44 R-46 R-50 R-54 R-58 R-63 R-67 R-71 R-75 R-79

In ag reemen t wi th ANSI B. 16.5

36

Page 42: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 1-16 Alloy Steel Stud Bolts for ANSI 2500.1b

Ring Type Joint Flanges, Each With Two Heavy Hex Nuts

Nominal Number of Size & Length Wrench Oval Ring Pipe Bolts of Size for Gasket

Size (in.) Required Stud Bolts (in.) Nuts (in.) R-Number 1/2 3/4 1 11/4 11/:, 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8

10 12

4 3/4 x 51/4 11/4 4 %x5V4 11/4 4 7/8 x 53/4 17h6 4 1 x61h 1% 4 lV8 x 71/4 1~3/18 8 1 x71/2 1% 8 1118 x 8114 113116 8 1114 x 9114 2 8 1112 x 10314 23/8 8 13/4 x 12314 23/4 8 2 x 14112 3118

12 2 x 16 31/8 12 21/2 x 20112 37/8 12 23/4 x 22112 41/4

R-13 R-16 R-18 R-21 R-23 R-26 R-28 R-32 R-38 R-42 R-47 R-51 R-55 R-60

In ag reemen t wi th ANSI B. 16.5

37

Page 43: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

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Page 45: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

2

ANSI BUTTWELD FITTINGS

ANSI buttweld fittings are used to change direction or join parts of a piping system. Mastering the names of the various shapes is not too difficult, because the number of shapes is limited.

Figure 2-1 shows the identification markings that are required on all fittings. The 90-degree long radius elbow is marked with the size and schedule number, the mate- rial grade, and the heat code symbol, also known as the laboratory control number.

Types of Buttweld Fittings

Elbows

The elbow is the most commonly used fitting, and the long radius elbow is probably the most commonly used elbow. The short radius elbow is used in systems with tight spaces, such as offshore and skid units.

Figure 2-2 shows the 90-degree long radius elbow next to a 90-degree short radius elbow. Remember that a 90-

41

Page 46: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

LABORATORY CONTROL NUMBER

MATERIAL or TYPE NUMBER

WALL THICKNESS

NOMINAL PIPE SIZE

TUBE TURNS" IDENTIFICATION

Figure 2-1. Identification markings. (Courtesy of Tube Turns Technologies, Inc.)

degree long radius elbow has a center-to-face dimension of one and one-half times the size of the elbow. The cen- ter-to-face dimension of a short radius elbow is the same as the size of the elbow; e.g. a 2-in. short radius elbow has a center-to-face dimension of 2 ins. For other dimen- sions, see Table 2-1. 42

Page 47: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 2-2.90-degree elbows, long and short radius. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Industries.)

Figure 2-3. 90-degree reducing elbow, long radius. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Industries.)

Reducing Elbows

The 90-degree reducing elbow is used to change di- rection and reduce the f low in piping systems. See Fig- ure 2-3.

43

Page 48: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

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Page 49: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

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Page 50: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 2-4. 45-degree elbow, long radius. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Industries.)

45-degree Elbows

Figure 2-4 shows a 45-degree long radius elbow. These elbows are used for partial changes in direction of the line. The 45-degree elbows are sometimes trimmed to a lesser degree when required, such as 37 degrees.

180-degree Returns

The return is used for direction changes of 180-de- grees, thus avoiding the use of two 90-degree elbows. Figure 2-5 depicts a long and short radius 180-degree re- turn.

Tees

A tee is a branched connection to the main flow, and can be either straight or reducing, as shown in Figure 46

Page 51: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 2-5. 180-degree returns, long and short radius. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Industries.)

Figure 2-6. Straight and reducing tees. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Industries.)

2-6. The reducing outlet can be specified on any branch, and Figure 2-7 shows the correct descriptions used for reducing tees and other fittings.

Crosses

Straight or reducing crosses are seldom used in sys- tems, except where space requirements dictate it. Figure 2-8 shows a straight cross. Crosses are made in sizes of 12-in. and smaller.

47

Page 52: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

How to Read Reducing Fittings

E l b o w s

A A 90 ~ | lbow 90 ~ Siroot Elbow

Reducing Reducing on male end

A A IlilllW Hand Left Hand

Side Outlet 90 ~ Elbow Reducing on two Out~n

C Double Ikrencb Illbew

Reducing on both ends of Run

T r u e " Y "

I I A

48

To assist the user in "'reading" reducing fittings, a variety of types most commonly required for piping systems are illus- trated on this page. In these illustrations, each opening of the fitting is identified with a letter which indicates the se- quence to be followed in read- ing the size of the fitting.

In designating the outlets of reducing fittings, the openings should be read in the order in- dicated by the sequence of the letters "A", "'B", "C", and "D". On side outlet reducing fittings, the size of the side outlet is named last.

Fw exmwdb: A Cross having one end of the run and one outlet reduced is designated as:

A B C D 2 ~ x ! ~ x 2 ~ x ! ~

Simply name the largest open- ing first and then name the other openings in the order indicated,

Although all but one of the illustrations are of screwed fittings, the same rules apply to the "'reading" of reducing flanged, welding, solder-joint, and other types of fittings

Service Tee c

A ~ ! B

Reducing on male end only

(Continued on next page)

Page 53: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Tees Crosses C C @

'

ALj~ A A B

Tee Tee �9 I With Outk,e Wi~ one end D

reduced of Run reduced Crees teduc~O on one Outlet only

A B A B A B

Tee Tee With one ond of Rue ~ head type ~..~. | and Outlet reduced e~ls of Run reduced D

Cress leducin 9 on both Outlets

B B

C C J ~ ~ I

A B

^ * 1" I l i l lk t Nend Left Need i

Side Ouelet Tees D With one end of Ru~ end OutleN reduced Cress

Reducing on one end of Run end on one Outlet

45 ~ Y- Bend C

B I' !

D A Cress

4S ~ Y. |end (Lotee~l) Reducing on one end of Reducing on Outlet c~dy Run and o~ both Outlels

Figure 2-7. How to read reducing fittings. (Courtesy of Crane Co.)

49

Page 54: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 2-8. Weld cross. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Industries.)

Reducers

Eccentric and concentric reducers, illustrated in Fig- ure 2-9, are used to reduce a line to a smaller size. Very few eccentric reducers are used in piping systems, therefore it is not difficult to tell which is which. The con- centric reducer has an inlet and outlet that are on a cen- ter line.

The eccentric reducer has an off-center outlet, and is flat on one side. The eccentric reducer fits flush against a wall, ceiling, or floor to give greater pipe support to the line.

Figure 2-9. Concentric and eccentric weld reducers. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Industries.) 5O

Page 55: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Lap Joint Stub Ends

The stub end is used in lines requiring quick discon- nection. See Figure 2-10. The lap forms a gasket surface that replaces the gasket surface of a flange, and are mated with a lap joint flange. (Refer to Figure 1-4)o

Stub ends should not be confused with stub-ins, the latter being one pipe stubbed into another pipe and welded. See Figure 2-11.

Figure 2-10. Lap joint stub end. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Industries.)

Figure 2-11. A stub-in.

51

Page 56: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 2-12. Weld pipe cap. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Indus- tries.)

Caps

Pipe caps are used to block off the end of a line by welding it to the pipe. Caps should never be stored in a position to trap rain water or sand. See Figure 2-12.

Special Buttweld Fittings

Pipe Saddles

The saddle, as shown in Figure 2-13, is used to rein- force a junction of pipe or fitting in a line. After a nipple has been welded into a line, the saddle is placed over the outlet, and welded to both the outlet and the line. 52

Page 57: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 2-13. Pipe saddle. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity Indus- tries.)

l,,a

Figure 2-14. 45-degree lateral. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity In- dustries.)

Laterals

Figure 2-14 shows a 45-degree lateral. Low-pressure appl icat ions are about the only t ime laterals will be used.

53

Page 58: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 2-15. Scraper bar tee. (Courtesy of Hackney, Inc., a division of Trinity In- dustries.)

Scraper Bar Tee

Figure 2-15 shows that bars have been fabricated in- side the outlet of a tee. The bars limit the direction a pipeline scraper (or "Pig"), can travel inside a pipeline.

Material Control

Protecting Weld Fittings

Store weld fittings in a position so that water or sand will not collect inside them. 54

Page 59: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Large diameter fittings can be stored and protected with end covers, either plastic or metal. Fittings 1 ~/2 ins. and smaller should be stored inside, away from the ele- ments.

Fittings can be stacked in layers with or without dun- nage. Metal to metal contact will not harm adjacent fit- tings.

In corrosive areas, spray the fittings with a specified preservative to prevent rust.

Do not throw or dump the fittings from containers. Per- manent damage to a fitting's beveled ends may result.

When you are receiving fittings from a vendor or from another area, always check each and every fitting for damage and markings per the purchase order specifica- tions.

Mixed Schedule Fittings

It is very common to have fittings of a mixed schedule match different pipe wall thicknesses. When the fittings are machined to a lower pipe schedule, the process is called "taper boring." Two examples would be:

1. One 12-in. 90-degree weld elbow, schedule 60 long radius, taper bore each end to extra strong.

2. A 12-in. by 6-in. concentric reducer, schedule 120, taper bore the 12-in. end to schedule 100, the 6-in. end to schedule 80.

55

Page 60: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

When you receive such fittings from vendors, mark each fitting with positive markings for future identifica- tion. (The vendor should have already marked the fit- tings for you).

Do not store altered fittings with regular sized fittings. A wrong fitting installed by accident in a system could prove disastrous.

Backing Rings

Figure 2-16 shows rings that are sometimes used in piping systems under severe service conditions. One type ring is grooved with knockoff spacer pins.

Figure 2-16. Grove type welding ring with knock-off spacer pins. (Courtesy of Tube Turns Technologies, Inc.) 56

Page 61: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 2-17. Flat type and ridge type welding rings. (Courtesy of Tube Turns Tech- nologies, Inc.)

The backup rings are inserted in the adjoining ends of pipes that are to be buttwelded. The rings prevent spat- ter and metal icicles from forming inside the pipe. The ring becomes a permanent part of the piping system. Figure 2-17 shows two other type backing rings--the flat and ridge types.

Branch Olet Connections

There are many reputable manufacturers of Olet fit- tings used for branch connections. For description and illustration purposes, the Bonney Forge fittings are de- scribed here, along with their registered trade names for the fittings.

Interchangeability

Table 2-2 shows the interchangeability and size con- solidation of the Olet fittings. The correct descriptions of

57

Page 62: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

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Page 63: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

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59

Page 64: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

F.s OF HEADER

- OF BRANCft GHT OR IEDULE qUFACTURER'S NTIF ICATION

,T NTIFICATION NO

~ERIAL SPEC

BRANCH & HEADER SAME WEIGHT OR SCHEDULE

SCHEDULE OF HEADER

SCHEDULE OF BRANCH

HEAT NUMBER

BRANCH & HEADER DIFFERENT WEIGHT OR SCHEDULE

Figure 2-18. Markings on branch connections. (Courtesy of Bonney Forge.)

60

Page 65: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

the Olets are shown in the table, and are suitable for use in your materials accounting system.

Notice in Table 2-2, the run size numbers--36-3, 8-3, 12-6, etc. These and the other numbers fit run sizes from the high number down through the low number. The sys- tem is further explained in Table 2-2.

Figure 2-18 illustrates the identification markings that are required on Olet fittings.

Thredolets

This is a fitting that is buttwelded on the run of pipe and has a threaded outlet. It is widely used on all proj- ects. See Figure 2-19.

Sockolet

This fitting is exactly the same as the Thredolet except it has a socket weld outlet. See Figure 2-19.

Sweepolet |

Resembling a saddle, this fitting is strong enough to support the branch line being buttwelded to it. See Fig- ure 2-19. Sweepolets will not be used too often on your projects.

Elbolet |

This fitting is welded to a 90-degree elbow to form an outlet. See Figure 2-19. Elbolets are available with

61

Page 66: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

' , t i

; ,~ . ,<

SOCKOLET

ELBOLET

THREDOLET

WELDOLET

SWEEPOLET

Figure 2-19. Bonney Forge fittings. (Courtesy of Bonney Forge.) 62

Page 67: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

threaded, socket weld, and buttweld outlets. Table 2-3 lists the sizes of elbolets and the correct descriptions.

Flatolet |

This fitting is used on flat surface areas, such as weld caps and heads.

Table 2-3 Bonney Forge Elbolets |

(Courtesy of Bonney Forge.)

=NOMINAL ELBOW SIZE

INCHES

36-11/4 361Va

36-11/4 36-11//4

36-2 36.2

36-2 3 6 3

ORDER TO SPECIFIC

ELBOW SIZES

OUTLET SIZE INCHES

i/. %

�89 3~

I 11//4

1% 2

' 2% :. :.3 =,-:4 ' : :6

:8 ::= 10

12

DIMENSIONS

3000= THREADED & SOCKET WELD

Std. & XS Butt-Weld

C

i % 1%

i % 12~2

2% 27/8 3~/s 4~6

4~6 5�88 6% 93/8

13~6 17~2 19%

E

1]%2 i]%2

11%2 17/e

21/4 21/2

21~6 31/4

3% 37/e 41~6 61/2 8�88

103/8 111/~

6000= THREADED & SOCKET WELD

Sch. 160 & XXS Butt-Weld

C E

1 �89 11%2 11/2 11%2

12~2 17/8 21/4 2%

27/8 21/2 31/s 2]�88

4~6 31//4

63

Page 68: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

..j==,,=,.,=~

Socket Weld Reducing Inserts

Socket Weld Steel Weld Couplet

NIPOLET: Plain End or Threaded

Threaded Steel Weld Couplet

LATROLET

Figure 2-20. Bonney Forge Nipolet ~, Latrolet ~, and couplets; reducing inserts by Henry Vogt Machine Company. (Courtesy of Bonney Forge and Henry Vogt Ma- chine Company.) 64

Page 69: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Storing Olets

All threaded sizes of Olets should be stored inside. Fit- tings 2 ins. and larger with weld ends may be stored out- doors. Small weld fittings should be stored indoors. Cardboard bin boxes are an excellent storage method to separate the smaller Olets inside of warehouse shelving for easy inventory and issue.

Other Olets

Some of the other Olet fittings are Nipolets | Latro- lets | , couplets, reducing inserts, and etc. See Figure 2-20.

65

Page 70: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

3

REFINERY PIPE

Standard pipe is widely used in the oil and gas indus- tries, and is manufactured to ASTM standards (ANSI B36.10). Pipe charts, such as the one in Table 3-1, and careful attention to purchase order descriptions when shipping or receiving pipe help achieve accurate results. Therefore, a description of piping definitions and how various types are manufactured follow.

Pipe Size

In pipe of any given size, the variations in wall thick- ness do not affect the outside dimension (OD), just the inside dimension (ID). For example, 12-in. nominal pipe has the same OD whether the wall thickness is 0.375 in. or 0.500 in. (Refer to Table 3-1 for wall thickness of pipe).

(Text continued on page 70)

66

Page 71: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 3-1 Pipe Chart

(Courtesy of Tioga Pipe Supply Company)

405 lOS 049 40 40S Std 068 80 80S Ex Hvy 095

307 269 215

1863 2447 3145

540 10S O65 40 40S Std 088 80 80S Ex Hvy 119

410 364 302

3297 4248 5351

675 10S 065 40 40S Std. 091 80 80S Ex Hvy 126

545 493 423

4235 5676 7388

840

40 80

160

5S 065 710 5383 10S 083 674 6710 40S Std 109 622 8510 80S Ex Hvy 147 546 1088

188 466 1 309 XX Hvy 294 252 1 714

1 050

40 80

160

5S 065 920 6838 10S 083 884 8572 40SStd 113 824 1131 80S Ex Hvy 154 742 1 474

219 614 1 944 XX Hvy 308 434 2 441

1315

40 80

160

5S 065 1185 8678 10S 109 1 097 1 404 40S Std 133 1 049 1 679 80S Ex Hvy 179 957 2172

250 815 2 844 XX Hvy 358 599 3 659

(Continued on next page)

67

Page 72: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 3-1 continued

1 I/4 1 660

40 80

160

5S 10S 40S Std 80S Ex Hvy

XX Hvy

O65 109 140 191 250 382

1 530 1 442 1 380 1 278 1 160

896

1107 1 806 2 273 2 997 3 765 5214

11/2 1 900

40 80

160

5S 10S 40S Std 80S Ex Hvy

XX Hvy

065 109 145 200 281 400

1 770 1 682 1610 1 500 1 338 1 100

1 274 2 085 2718 3631 4 859 6408

2 2375

40 80

160

5S 10S 40S Std 80S Ex Hvy

XX Hvy

065 109 154 218 344 436

2 245 2157 2 067 1 939 1 689 1 503

1 604 2 638 3653 5022 7.462 9029

21/2 2875

40 80

160

5S 10S 40S Std 80S Ex Hvy

XX Hvy

083 120 203 276 375 552

2709 2 635 2469 2323 2t25 1 771

2475 3531 5 793 7661

1001 13.69

3 3500

40 80

160

5S 083 3 334 3 029 10S 120 3 260 4 332 40S Std 216 3 068 7 576 80S Ex Hvy 300 2 900 10 25

438 2 624 14.32 XX Hvy 600 2 300 18 58

68 (Continued on next page)

Page 73: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 3.1 continued

3V2 4.000 5 10 40 80

5S 10S 40S Std 80S Ex Hvy

XX Hvy

083 120 226 318 636

3.834 3 760 3.548 3.364 2.728

3472 4.973 9109

12.50 22.85

4 4 500

40 80

120 160

5S 10S 40S Std 80S Ex Hvy

XX Hvy

.083 120 237 337 438 531 674

4.334 4.260 4.026 3.826 3.624 3.438 3152

3.915 5.613

10.79 1498 19.00 22.51 27 54

4V2 5 O0 40 Std 247 4.506 12.53 80 Ex Hvy 355 4 290 17.61

XX Hvy 710 3.580 32 43

5 5 563

40 80

120 160

5S 10S 40S Std 80S Ex Hvy

XX Hvy

109 5 345 6.349 134 5.295 7770 258 5 047 14.62 375 4.813 2078 500 4.563 27.04 625 4 313 32.96 750 4 063 38.55

6 6625

40 80

120 160

5S 109 6.407 7.585 10S .134 6.357 9.289 40S Std 280 6.065 18.97 80S Ex Hvy 432 5.761 28.57

562 5,491 36.39 .719 5 189 45.35

XX Hvy 864 4.897 53 16

(Continued on next page)

69

Page 74: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 3.1 continued

7 7625 40 80

Std Ex Hvy

XX Hvy

301 500 875

7023 6.625 5.875

23.57 38.05 6308

8 8.625

20 30 40 60 80

100 120 140

160

5S 10S

40S Std.

80S Ex Hvy

XX Hvy

109 148 250 277 322 406 .500 .594 .719 812 875 906

8.407 8.329 8125 8.071 7.981 7.813 7.625 7.439 7.189 7.001 6.875 6.813

9.914 13.40 22.36 24.70 28.55 35.64 43.39 50.95 60.71 67.76 72.42 74.69

9 9.625 40 80

Std 342 8.941 33.90 Ex Hvy 500 8.625 48.72

XX Hvy .875 7.875 81.77

10 10750

20 30 40 60 80

100 120 140 160

5S 10S

40S Std. 80S Ex. Hvy

134 10.482 15.19 165 10.420 18.70 250 10.250 28.04 307 10.136 34.24 365 10.020 40.48 .500 9.750 54.74 .594 9.564 64.43 .719 9.314 77.03 .844 9.064 89.29

1.000 8.750 104.13 1.125 8.500 115.64

11 11 750 40 80

Std. Ex Hvy

XX Hvy.

375 11.000 45.55 500 10.750 6007 .875 I0.000 101.63

70 (Continued on next page)

Page 75: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 3-1 continued

12 12.750

40

60 80

100 120 140 160

5S 10S

40S Std.

80S Ex. Hvy.

165 180 250 .330 375 .406 .500 .562 .688 .844

1.000 1 125 1.312

12.420 22.18 12.390 24.20 12.250 33.38 12.090 43.77 12.000 49.56 11.938 53.52 11.750 65.42 11.626 73.15 11.376 88.63 11.064 107.32 10.750 125.49 10.500 139.67 10.126 160.27

14 14.000 10 20 30 40

60 80 O0 20 40 60

Std.

Ex. Hvy.

.250

.312

.375 438 .500 .594 .750 .938 .094 .250 .406

13.500 36.71 13.376 45.61 13.250 54.57 13.124 63.44 13.000 72.09 12.814 85.05 12.500 106.13 12.126 130.85 11.814 150.9 11.500 170.21 11.188 189.1

16 16.000 10 20 30 40 60 80

100 120 140 160

Std. Ex. Hvy

.250 15.500 42.05 312 15 376 52.27 375 15.250 62.58 500 15.000 82.77 .656 14.688 107.5 .844 14.314 136.61 .031 13.938 164.82 219 13.564 192.43 .438 13 124 223.64 .594 12.814 245.25

(Continued on next page)

71

Page 76: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 3-1 continued

18 18.000 10 20

30

40 60 80

100 120 140 160

Std

Ex Hvy

250 17.500 47.39 312 17 376 58.94 375 17250 70.59 438 17124 82.15 500 17000 93.45 562 16.876 104.67 750 16.500 138.17 938 16126 170.92

1156 15688 207.96 1.375 15.250 244.14 1.562 14 876 274.22 1 781 14 438 308.5

20 20.000 10 20 30 40 60 80

100 120 140 160

Std Ex Hvy

250 19500 52.73 375 19 250 78.60 500 19000 104.13 594 18 814 123.11 812 18 376 166.4

1031 17938 208.87 1281 17438 256.1 1 500 17 000 296.37 1 750 16 500 341.09 1.969 16 064 379.17

22 22.000 10 20 30 60 80

100 120 140 160

Std X Hvy

250 21 500 58 07 375 21 250 86 61 500 21 000 114 81 875 20.250 197.41

1.125 19.750 250.81 1.375 19.250 302.88 1.625 18.750 353.61 1.875 18.250 403.0 2.125 17.750 451.06

24 24.000 10 20 Std.

Ex. Hvy

250 23.500 63.41 375 23.250 94.62 .500 23.000 125.49

72 (Continued on next page)

Page 77: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 3-1 continued

30 40 60 80

100 120 140 160

562 22.876 140.68 688 22.626 171.29 969 22.064 238.35

1.219 21.564 296.58 1531 20.938 367.39 1.812 20.376 429.39 2.062 19.876 483.1 2.344 19.314 542.13

26 26.000 Std X Hvy

312 25.376 85.60 375 25.250 102.63 500 25.000 136.17

28 28 000 Std

312 27 376 92.26 .375 27.250 110.64 500 27000 146.85 .625 26.750 182.73

30 30 000

20 30

Std Ex Hvy

312 29.376 98.93 375 29.250 118.65 500 29.000 157.53 625 28.750 196.08

32 32000

20 30 40

Std 312 31 376 105.59 375 31.250 126.66 .500 31.000 168.21 625 30.750 209.43 688 30.624 230.08

34 34 000

20 30 40

Std 312 33.376 112.25 .375 33.250 134.67 500 33.000 178.89 625 32 750 222.78 .688 32 624 244.77

36 36 000 Std Ex Hvy

312 35.375 118.92 375 35250 142.68 500 35.000 189.57

(Continued on next page)

73

Page 78: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 3-1 continued

42 42.000 Std .375 41.250 166.71 20 X Hvy 500 41.000 221.61 30 .625 40.750 276,18 40 750 40.500 330.41

48 48.000 Std. .375 47.250 190.74 X Hvy 500 47.000 253.65

Pipe Length

Pipe is supplied and referred to as single random, dou- ble random, longer than double random, and cut lengths.

Single random pipe length is usually 18-22 ft threaded and coupled (T&C), and 18-25 ft plain end (PE).

Double random pipe lengths average 38-40 feet. Cut lengths are made to order within • Vs-in. Some

pipe is available in about 80-ft lengths. The major manufacturers of pipe offer brochures on

their process of manufacturing pipe. The following de- scriptions are based upon vendor literature and specifi- cations. 74

Page 79: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Seamless Pipe

This type of pipe is made by heating billets and ad- vancing them over a piercer point. The pipe then passes through a series of rolls where it is formed to a true round and sized to exact requirements.

Electric Weld

Coils or rolls of flat steel are fed to a forming section that transforms the flat strip of steel into a round pipe section. A high-frequency welder heats the edges of the strip to 2,600~ at the fusion point. Pressure rollers then squeeze the heated edges together to form a fusion weld.

Double Submerged Arc Weld

Flat plate is used to make large-diameter pipe (20-in.- 44 in.)in double random lengths. The plate is rolled and pressed into an "O" shape, then welded at the edges both inside and outside. The pipe is then expanded to the final diameter.

Continuous Weld

Coiled skelp (skelp is semi-finished coils of steel plate used specifically for making pipe), is fed into a flattener, and welded to the trailing end of a preceding coil, thus forming a continuous strip of skelp. The skelp travels

75

Page 80: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

through a furnace where it is heated to 2,600~ and then bent into an oval by form rollers. It then proceeds through a welding stand where the heat in the skelp and pressure exerted by the rolls forms the weld. The pipe is stretched to a desired OD and ID, and cut to lengths. (Couplings if ordered for any size pipe will be hand tight only.)

Pipe Specifications

ASTM A-120

Sizes V8-in. to 16-ins., standard weight, extra strong, and double extra strong (Std. Wt., XS, XXS). The specifi- cation covers black and hot-dipped galvanized welded and seamless average wall pipe for use in steam, gas, and air lines.

Markings. Rolled, stamped or stenciled on each length of pipe: the brand name, ASTM A-120, and the length of the pipe. In case of bundled pipe, markings will appear on a tag attached to each bundle. Table 3-2 shows a bundling schedule.

ASTM A-53

Sizes V8-in. to 26-ins., standard weight, extra strong, and double extra strong, ANSI schedules 10 through 160 (see Table 3-1 for ANSI pipe schedules). The specifica- tion covers seamless and welded black and hot-dipped 76

Page 81: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 3-2 Bundling Schedule

Nominal Number Standard Weight Pipe Extra Strong Pipe Pipe pines per Total length Total weight Total length Total weight

Size ( in. ) Bundle (fl) (Ibs) (ft) (ibs)

1/8 30 630 151 630 195 1/4 24 504 212 504 272 3/8 18 378 215 378 280 V2 12 252 214 252 275 3/4 7 147 166 147 216 1 5 105 176 105 228 11/4 3 63 144 63 189 11/2 3 63 172 63 229

galvanized average wall pipe for conveying oil, water, gas, and petroleum products.

Markings. Rolled, stamped or stenciled with brand name, kind, schedule, length of pipe, and type of steel used. In case of bundles, markings will appear on a bun- dle tag.

ASTM A-106

Sizes 1/8 to 26-ins., ANSI schedules to 160. The speci- fication covers seamless carbon steel average wall pipe for high-temperature service.

Markings. Rolled, stamped or stenciled with brand name, type such as ASTM A-IO6A, A-IO6B, A-106C (the A, B, C, indicate tensile strengths and yield point desig- nations), the test pressure, and length of pipe. In case of bundles, the markings will appear on a bundle tag.

77

Page 82: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

API-5L

Sizes 1/8-in. to 48-ins., standard weight through double extra strong. The specification covers welded and seam- less pipe suitable for use in conveying oil, water, and gas.

Markings. Paint stenciled with brand name, the API mon- ogram, size, grade, steel process, type of steel, length, and weight per foot on pipe 4-ins. and larger. In case of bundles, the markings will be on the bundle tag. Cou- plings, if ordered, will be hand tight.

Storing Pipe

Step 1--Pipe Racks

Figure 3-1 shows a pipe rack made by using 12 x 12- in. timbers. The rack has been assigned a number for materials accounting purposes. Do not store pipe di- rectly on the ground. If rack materials are not available, then use the pipe itself by preparing a rack from the pipe with a few boards under each end.

Step 2--Layers

Form the first layer of pipe with one end straight, and other joints straight across the rack. Secure the stack by nailing wooden blocks to the sills, against the side of the pipe on the inside edges (see Figure 3-1). 78

Page 83: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

~ + L ".

! ~RACK 8 ~ ~ ,,..__, .----+, .... ,, ,,+-,, - - ~ + _ . . ~ - - T

I 24" .375 " WT 6 JTS. P.O. 60-3801 /

API 5LX-B 186 FT. 1 I 24" 375~' WT 6JTS. P.O. 60-3801 !

,86~r ~ I

1 _r!m"~'~_ , . 186 F T . | API 5LX-B

_. , , , , l - - ' . ; - l ~ .,, f.~l ~ l~_.~-,,~ 7 r - -

j - . _ ~ _ - . . - . ___ . - -+ - -~ . . . - . _ ~ _ , ~ . , . ~ ...- _ /

U _ _=__+_+ +__+_+ . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 3-1. Schematic of rack for storing pipe. 79

Page 84: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Step 3--Measure

Tally each joint of pipe in the layer. Use a paint stick or suitable marker to mark each joint according to length, size, schedule, and purchase order item number.

Total the footage on the layer of pipe, and then mark the total footage and number of joints on the outside pipe for future inventory purposes. Apply color codes to pipe at this time if applicable.

Step 4--Dunnage

Apply sufficient dunnage of the same thickness across the pipe with wooden blocks nailed to one side. Stack the next layer of pipe directly over the first layer with the straight ends in line with each other. Then follow steps 2, 3, and 4.

Continue to follow the steps until the rack is consid- ered full by the supervisor.

Rules for Storing Pipe

80

1. Do not mix pipe sizes and schedules on the same pipe rack.

2. Keep the pipe storage area clean to prevent acci- dents.

3. Do not crowd the storage areas. Leave room for large trucks and cranes.

4. Make a physical count of the pipe on a weekly or monthly basis to verify your materials accounting records as correct.

Page 85: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

5. Always measure pipe within tenths of an inch. Mea- sure the entire length of pipes, including couplings and threads.

Calculations to Use

If the outside diameter (OD) and the wall thickness of a pipe (t) are known, then you may calculate the weight per foot with the following equation:

Weight per foot = 10.68 x ( O D - t ) x t

Example: What is the weight per foot of a 3-in. pipe with a .216-in. wall thickness and an OD of 3.500 ins.? Using the equation,

Weight per foot = 10.68 x (3.500 - .216) x .216 = 7.58 Ibs/ft

Another method to determine weight per foot of pipe where the outside diameter and wall thickness are known is called the Baiamonte plate method. It is based on a square foot of plate 1 inch thick weighing 40.833 Ibs, and uses the following equation:

Wei0 t 0er ,oot = t) 2 x T r x t

Example: What is the weight per foot of an 8-in. pipe with a wall thickness of .322 in.? Table 3-1

81

Page 86: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

shows that an 8-in. pipe has an OD of 8.625 ins. So, using the equation,

/ Weight per foot = 40.833 x 18 .625- ,322

12

x 3.1416 x t

= 28.58 Ibs/ft

82

Page 87: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

4

APi FLANGES

The difference between API and ANSI flanges is the material from which they are fabricated and the higher working pressure at which API flanges may be operated.

API flanges are manufactured primarily for use with oil industry high-strength tubular goods. The API 6A and ANSI B. 16.5 flanges are similar dimensionally (see Ta- ble 4-1), but they cannot be interconnected without af- fecting the overall working pressure rating.

Another difference is the through-bore nominal size designation, such as 113116 and 21116, for 6B flanges in place of old nominal sizes, such as 1V2-inch, and 2-inch, for consistency with 6BX flange size designations. (See Tables 4-2 and 4-3.)

Some API flanges with casing or tubing threads have hub lengths greater than required for ANSI flanges.

The new bore size designations for API flanges or clamp type connectors, will take several years to be- come a routine part of the materials vocabulary. There- fore, for reference, Tables 4-2 and 4-3 contain a complete

83

Page 88: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 4-1 API vs. ANSI Flange Dimensions

Flange Type Pressure Nominal

Class Rating Size Range (in.) ANSI API ANSI API

Old API Nominal size (in.)

Weldneck

Blind, Threaded, & Integral

600 2000 1/2-24 113/16 to 11 900 3000 1/2-24 113/16 to 11

1500 5000 1/2-24 113116 to 11

600 2000 V2-24 113/16 to 211/4 900 3000 1/2-24 113/16 to 20%

1500 5000 1/2-24 113/16 to 11

11hto 10 11h to 10 11/2 to 10

11hto 20 11/2 to 20 11/2 to 10

Table 4-2 API Bore Sizes and Matching Tubular Goods Sizes

for 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000-1b psi Flanges or 5,000 Ib psi Clamp Type Connectors

New API Line Bore Sizes Old Nominal Pipe Tubing Casing for Flanges Flange Nominal Outside Outside and Hubs Size (in.) Size (in.) Diamater (in.) Diameter (in.)

113/le 11/2 11/2 21/le 2 2 29118 21/2 21/2 31/8 3 3 41116 4 4 71116 6 6 9 8 8

11 10 10 13% 12 12 135/8 135/8 - - 163/4 16 16 163/4 163/4 - - 211/4 20 20 20314 20 20

1.660 & 1.900 1.600 thru 2% 27/8 31/2 4 & 41/2 41/2

41/2 thru 7 75/8 & 85/8 95/8 & 103/4

11314 & 13318 113/4 & 13318 16 16 20 20

84

Page 89: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 4-3 API Bore Sizes and Matching Tubular Goods Sizes

for 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 Ib psi Flanges and 10,000 lb. psi Clamp Type Connectors

New API Bore Sizes for Flanges

and Hubs (in.)

"lTubing Outside

Diameter (in.)

Casing Outside

Diameter (in.) 111/16 1 ls/16 21116 2~h6 31116 4V16 71/16 9

11 13% 163/4 183/4 211/4

1.900 2.063 23/8 2~/8 31/2 4 & 41/2 41/2

4V2 through 7 7% & 8% 8% & 9%

10314 & 11314 16 18516 20

list of the new bore size designations, the old nominal size designations, and the matching tubular goods sizes for use with API flanges or clamp type connectors.

Bore diameter of API flanges should be the same in- side diameter as the pipe to be used.

API flanges are marked with the API monogram (a reg- istered trademark), size, pressure rating, ring gasket size, bore, manufacturer, and a heat number. Some API flanges are marked with the manufacturers' part or as- sembly numbers. Consult their individual catalogs for re- spective part numbers and descriptions.

85

Page 90: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 4-1. API threaded flange. (Courtesy of National Supply Company.)

Figure 4-2. API Type 6BX weldneck flange. (Courtesy of National Supply Com- pany.) 86

Page 91: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

API Type 6B and 6BX Flanges 2,000-20,000 psi Maximum Working Pressures

Figure 4-1 illustrates a threaded flange. Threaded flanges do not have a bore schedule, but do have a de- scription of the type of thread, such as casing, tubing, or line pipe. The flange illustrated was made by National Supply Company, and will service 15,000 lb. WOG pres- sure.

Figure 4-2 shows a weld neck flange manufactured by the same company, which will service 15,000 Ibs. WOG pressure. This type flange does have a bore schedule.

Tables 4-4 through 4-13, indicate the size range, bolt requirements, wrench size for the bolts, and the ring gas- ket number required for API type 6B and 6BX flanges.

(Text continued on page 88)

Table 4.4 API Type 6B Flanges for 2000 psi Maximum Working Pressure

Nominal Old Size and Nominal Size and Wrench Ring Bore of Size of Number of Length of Size for Number

Flange (in.) Flange (in.) Bolts Bolts (in.) Bolts (in.) n or RX

113/lS 11/2 4 3/4 x 41/4 11/4 20 2V16 2 8 5/8 x 4V2 11/16 23 29118 21/2 8 3/4 x 5 11/4 26 31/8 3 8 3/4 x 51/4 11/4 31 41/16 4 8 7/8 X 6 17/16 37 51/8 5 8 1 X 63/4 1% 41 71/16 6 12 1 X 7 1% 45 9 8 12 11/8 X 8 113118 49

11 10 16 11/4 X 83/4 2 53 13518 12 20 11/4 X 9 2 57 16314 16 20 lV2 X 10114 2% 65 17314 18 20 15/8 X 11 29/le 69 211/4 20 24 15/8 x 113/4 29/16 73

87

Page 92: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 4-5 API Type 6B Flanges for 3000 psi Maximum Working Pressure

Nominal Old Size and Nominal Size and Wrench Ring Bore of Size of Number of Length of Size for Number

Flange (in.) Flange (in.) Bolts Bolts (in.) Bolts (in.) R or RX

113116 1112 4 1 x 51/2 1% 20 2 V16 2 8 % x 6 17/16 24 29116 21/2 8 1 x 61/2 1% 27 31/8 3 8 % x 6 17/16 31 4 ~/16 4 8 11/6 x 7 113116 37 51/8 5 8 11/,, x 73/,, 2 41 7 Y16 6 12 11/6 x 8 113116 45 9 8 12 13/8 x 9 23/16 49

11 10 16 13/8 x 91h 23/16 53 13% 12 20 13/8 x 101/4 23/16 57 16314 16 20 1% x 11314 29116 66 17314 18 20 17/6 X 13314 216/16 70 20314 20 20 2 x 14112 31/6 74

Table 4-6 API Type 6B Flanges for 5,000 psi Maximum Working Pressure

Nominal Old Size and Nominal Size and Wrench Ring Bore of Size of Number of Length of Size for Number

Flange (in.) Flange (in.) Bolts Bolts (in.) Bolts (in.) R or RX

113/16 11/2 4 1 x 51/2 1% 20 21/16 2 8 7/8 x 6 17/16 24 29/16 21/2 8 1 x 61/2 15/6 27 31/8 3 8 11/6 x 71/4 113/16 35 4V16 4 8 11/4 x 8 2 39 51/8 5 8 11/2 X 10 23/6 44 7V16 6 12 13/6 X 103/4 23/16 46 9 8 12 1% X 12 29/16 50

11 10 12 1% X 133/4 216/16 54

88

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Table 4-7 API Type 6BX Weldneck Flanges for 10,000 psi

Maximum Working Pressure Nominal Size and Size and Wrench Weight Bore of Number of Length of Size for Ring of

Flange (in.) Bolts Bolts (in.) Bolts (in.) Number Flange (ibs) 111/16 113/16 21/16 29/16 31/16 41/16 51/6 71116 9

11 13516 16314

8 3/4 x 5 11/4 BX-150 8 3/4 x 5 11/4 BX-151 8 3/4 x 51/4 11/4 BX-152 8 % x 6 17/16 BX-153 8 1 x 63/4 16/6 BX-154 8 11/6 x 8 113/16 BX-155

12 11/6 x 83/4 113/16 BX-169 12 11/2 x 11114 23/6 BX-156 16 11/2 x 13 23/6 BX-157 16 13/4 x 15 23/4 BX-158 20 17/6 x 171/4 215/16 BX-159 24 17/o x 171/2 215/16 BX-162

22 24 38 38 52 66

120 340 550 810 970

1400

Table 4-8 API Type 6BX Weldneck Flanges for 15,000 psi

Maximum Working Pressure Nominal Size and Size and Wrench Weight Bore of Number of Length of Size for Ring of

Flange (in.) Bolts Bolts (in.) Bolts (in.) Number Flange (Ibs)

111/16 113/16 21116 29/16 31/16 41116 7V16

8 3/4 x 51/4 11/,, BX-150 8 7/6 x 51/2 17116 BX-151 8 7/6 x 6 17116 BX-152 8 1 x 63/4 15/6 BX-153 8 11/6 x 71/2 113/16 BX-154 8 13/6 x 91/4 23116 BX-155

16 11/2 x 123/4 23/6 BX-156

22 28 34 34 64

154 440

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Page 94: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 4-9 API Type 6BX Weldne�9 Flanges for 20,000 psi

Maximum Working Pressure Nominal Size and Size and Wrench Weight Bore of Number of Length of Size for Ring of

Flange (in.) Bolts Bolts (in.) Bolts (in.) Number Flange (ibs) 113/16 21/16 29/16 31/16 41/16 71116

8 1 x 71/2 15/8 BX-151 8 11/8 x 81/4 113/16 BX-152 8 1V4 x 91/4 2 BX-153 8 13/8 x 10 23116 BX-154 8 13/4 X 121/4 23/4 BX-155

16 2 x 171/2 31/6 BX-156

35 52 65

140 270 620

Table 4.10 API Type 6BX Integral Flanges for 5,000 psi

Maximum Working Pressure Nominal Size and Size and Wrench Bore of Number of Length of Size for

Flange (in.) Bolts Bolts (in.) Bolts (in.) Ring

Number

135/8 163/4 183/4 211/4

16 lS/6 x 121/2 29/16 16 1% x 141/2 215/16 20 2 x 17V2 31/8 24 2 x 183/4 31/8

BX-160 BX-162 BX-163 BX-165

90

Page 95: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 4-11 API Type 6BX Integral Flanges for 10,000 psi

Maximum Working Pressure Nominal Size and Size and Wrench Bore of Number of Length of Size for

Flange (in.) Bolts Bolts (in.) Bolts (in.) Ring

Number 111/16 113/16 21/16 29116 31/16 41/16 51/8 71/18 9

11 13518 16314 18314 21114

8 3 /4x5 11/4 8 3 /4x5 11/4 8 3/4 x 51/4 11/4 8 % x 6 17/16 8 1 x 63/4 15/8 8 11/6 x 8 113/16

12 11/8 x 83/4 113/16 12 1V2 x 111/4 23/8 16 11/2 x 13 23/6 16 1314 x 15 2314 20 1716 x 17114 215116 24 17/8 x 17112 215116 24 2114 x 22112 3V2 24 21/2 X 241/2 3718

BX-150 BX-151 BX-152 BX-153 BX-154 BX-155 BX-169 BX-156 BX-157 BX-158 BX-159 BX-162 BX-164 BX-166

Table 4.12 API Type 6BX Integral Flanges for 15,000 psi

Maximum Working Pressure Nominal Size and Size and Wrench Bore of Number of Length of Size for

Flange (in.) Bolts Bolts (in.) Bolts (in.) Ring

Number 111/16 113/16 21/16 29/16 31/16 41/16 7V16 9

11

8 3/4 x 51/4 11/4 8 7/8 x 51/2 17/16 8 7/8 x 6 17/16 8 1 x63/4 1% 8 11/6 x 71/2 113/16 8 13/8 x 91/4 23116

16 11/2 x 12314 23/8 16 17/8 x 153/4 215/16 20 2 x 191/4 31/8

BX-150 BX-151 BX-152 BX-153 BX-154 BX-155 BX-156 BX-157 BX-158

91

Page 96: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 4-13 API Type 6BX Integral Flanges for 20,000 psi

Maximum Working Pressure Nominal Size and Size and Wrench Bore of Number of Length of Size for

Range (in.) Bolts Bolts (in.) Bolts (in.) Ring

Number 113/16 21/lS 29/la 31he 41he 71/16

8 1 x71h 1% 8 11/8 x 81/, 1"he 8 11/4x91/, 2 8 13/8 x 10 23/le 8 13/, x 121/4 23/,

16 2 x 171/2 31/8

BX-151 BX-152 BX-153 BX-154 BX-155 BX-156

Table 4-14 Recommended 6BX Flange Bolt Torque

Bolt Size Torque (ft-I#) 3/, .10 UNC 200 718 -9 UNC 325 1 -8 UNC 475 11/a -8 UN 600 13h -8 UN 1200 11h -8 UN 1400 1% -8 UN 1700 13/, -8 UN 2040 17/8 -8 UN 3220 2 -8 UN 3850

Table 4-14 is the recommended bolt torque requirements and wrench size required on API type 6BX flanges.

Figure 4-3 shows a Type 6BX weld neck flange with a transition piece. The transition piece, when ordered, is applied by the manufacturer due to the difficulty of field welding and heat treating at the jobsite. The API mono- gram will not appear on the transition piece. Lengths of transition pieces will vary. 92

Page 97: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

x 4 5 , _ 1

-<

~ § 1/32 m o x "qP'-" ~ - O

+ O J= - i / a "

-4 ',/.'"

Figure 4-3. API Type 6BX weldneck flange with translation piece. (Courtesy of American Petroleum Institute.)

Weights of some API flanges and clamp type connec- tors appear in the tables for use as shipping weights only and are not a part of the API specifications.

Bolting and Ring Gaskets for API Flanges

API type 6B flanges require an R or RX ring gasket. API type 6BX flanges require a BX ring gasket. R and RX ring gaskets are interchangeable with each other. BX gaskets are not interchangeable with R and RX ring gas- kets. (See Tables 4-20 and 4-21 .)

93

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API TYPE 6B FLANGE

NO STANDOFF

!

API TYPE 6BX FLANGE

POINT HEIGHT

STUD BOLT WITH NUTS

Figure 4-4. API flange standoff difference and bolt lengths. (Courtesy of American Petroleum Institute.) 94

Page 99: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Bolt lengths have been calculated to accommodate the standoff difference shown in Figure 4-4 for 6B and 6BX flanges. Also illustrated in Figure 4-4, are the point heights for stud bolts. Point heights are not included in the calculations for stud bolt lengths.

The lengths for point heights in inches are as follows:

Bolt Diameter Maximum Point Height

1/2 to 7/s-in. Vs-in. 7/8 to 1VB 3/16 1118 to 15/8 1/4 1% to 1718 5/16 17/8 to 21/4 3/8

Dual Completion Flanges

Figure 4-5 shows a typical 5,000-1b psi-working-pres- sure segmented flange used for dual completions. Table 4-15 shows the bolt requirements, API ring gasket num- ber, and the wrench size required for the bolts.

Multiple Completion Flanges

Figure 4-6 shows two details of a typical 5,000-1b psi- working-pressure segmented flange used for triple or quadruple completions. Table 4-16 lists the cap screw re- quirements, the API ring gasket number, and the hex wrench size for the cap screws.

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Page 100: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

f i

/

t

|"M" HOLES

- . ~ . . . _ _ :

_

\ )

I

~ , / ~ , j / / - - F R

--7~ ,,--:c-7

, \

.,,(/'

Figure 4-5. 5,000-psi maximum working pressure API segmented flange for dual completions. (Courtesy of American Petroleum Institute.)

Table 4-15 5,000 psi Maximunl Working Pressure Segmented

Flanges for Dual Completions Size and Wrench

Nominal Old Nominal Number of Length of Size for Ring Size (in.) Size (in.) Bolts Bolts (in.) Bolts (in.) Number

13/8 11/4 5 1/2 X 41/2 7/8 RX-201 113/18 13/4 5 % x 53/4 11/18 RX-205 21/16 2 5 3/4 x 6 11/4 RX-20 29hs 21/2 5 1 x 71/4 1% RX-210 31/8 3 5 1 x 73/4 1% RX-25 41he 4 6 11/8 x 81/4 113he RX-215 41/16 x 41/4 4 x 41/4 6 11/8 x 81/4 113he RX-215

96

Page 101: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

I S

s

D E T A I L I D E T A I L 2

Figure 4-6. 5,000-psi maximum working pressure API segmented flanges for triple and quadruple completions. (Courtesy of American Petroleum Institute.)

Table 4-16 5,000 psi Maximum Working Pressure Segmented

Flanges for Triple and Quadruple Completions Old Size and Hex Wrench

Nominal Detail Nominal Number of Length of Size for Ring Size (in.) Number Size (in.) Cap Screws Cap Screws (in.) Cap Screws (in.) Number

113/16 2 13/, 5 %-11NC X 23/, 1/2 RX-205 2V16 1 2 4 %-9NC x 31/4 3/4 RX-20 29116 2 21/2 5 1-8UNC x 31/2 3/4 RX-210 31/8 2 3 6 7/8-9NC x 31/2 3/4 RX-25 4V16 2 4 6 1-8UNC x 4 3/, RX-215 4Y16 x 411, 2 4 x 41/4 6 1-8UNC x 4 3/4 RX-215

97

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/

I

Figure 4-7. Hubs used with API clamp type connectors. (Courtesy of American Petroleum Institute.)

Figure 4-8. API clamp type connectors for use on hubs. (Courtesy of American Petroleum Institute.)

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API Hubs and Clamps

Figures 4-7 and 4-8 show hubs and clamp type con- nectors used by some wellhead manufacturers for 5,000 and 10,000 Ib psi pressure ratings.

Hubs are designed by nominal size and bores. Clamps are designated by clamp numbers, 1A through 15A. Clamp numbers 9A through 15A require a spherical washer. The nuts for clamps 1A through 8A have a spherical facing. RX type ring gaskets are used on clamp connectors.

Tables 4-17 and 4-18 show the nominal hub size, hub OD, clamp number, clamp weight, RX gasket number, the bolt size and length, spherical washer size, and the

Table 4-17 API Clamp Type Connectors Integral Hubs and Clamps

5000 psi Maximum Working Pressure OD Clamp Nut Size

Nominal of Hub Ring C lamp Weight for Clamp Size (in.) (in.) Number Number (Ib$) (in.)

Wrench Size for Washer Nut (in.) OD (in.)

2Vie 5.500 RX-23 1A 35 7h-9UNC-2B 17he 29116 6.750 RX-24 2A 45 1-8UNC-2B 1% 31/8 7.500 RX-27 3A 100 1 lh-8UN-2B 113/16 41/le 9.250 RX-35 4A 56 11/4-8UN-2B 2 51/8 11 .500 RX-39 5A 67 1%-8UN-2B 23/lS 7V16 13.625 RX-45 6A 111 1%-8UN-2B 29116 9 16.000 RX-49 7A 160 2-8UN-2B 3118

11 18.500 RX-53 8A 242 21h-8UN-2B 3% 13318 20 .625 RX-57 9A 225 2%-8UN-2B 41/le 16314 25 .625 RX-65 10A 345 31h-8UN-2B 5

m

m

m

E

4.06* 5.00

* Clamp sizes 1A through 8A require the use of spherical face nuts. Clamp sizes 9A and 10A require the use of spherical washers and standard nuts.

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Table 4-18 API Clamp Type Connectors Integral Hubs and Clamps

10,000 psi Maximum Working Pressure OD Clamp Nut Size Wrench

Nominal of Hub Ring Clamp Weight for Clamp Size for Washer Size (in.) (in.) Number Number (ibs) (in.) Nut (in.) OD (in.)

113/le 5.500 RX-20 1A 28 %-9UNC-2B 17/lS -- 2Y16 6.750 RX-23 2A 35 1-8UNC-2B 1% -- 2gh6 7.500 RX-24 3A 45 11/6-8UN-2B 1 mh6 -- 3V16 9.250 RX-27 4A 1 O0 11/,-8U N-2B 2 -- 4V16 11 .500 RX-35 5A 56 13h-8UN-2B 23116 -- 7Y16 16 .000 RX-45 7A 111 2-8UN-2B 31/6 -- 9 18.500 RX-49 8A 160 2V2-8UN-2B 37/a --

11 20.625 RX-53 11A 274 2%-8UN-2B 41/4 4.25" 136/6 22 .468 RX-57 12A 215 31/4-8UN-2B 5 5.00 16314 28 .000 RX-65 13A 593 3716-8UN-2B 516116 5.94 18314 31 .250 RX-69 14A 366 41h,-8UN-2B 67/a 6.88 211/4 34 .000 RX-73 15A 850 4%-SUN-2B 71/4 7.25

* Clamp sizes 1A through 8A require the use of spherical face nuts. Clamp sizes 9A and 15A require the use of spherical washers and standard nuts.

Table 4-19 Recommended Bolt Torque for Clamp Type Connectors

Bolt Size Bolt Tension (Ibs) Makeup Torque (ft Ibs) 7/8 -9UNC 1 -8UNC 11/8 -8UN 11/4 -8UN 13/8 -8UN 1% -8UN 2 -8UN 21/2 -8UN 2% -8UN 23/4 -8UN 31/4 -8UN 37/8 -8UN 41/2 -8UN 43/4 -8UN

16,760 22040 29 120 37 160 46200 67200

1O6000 171600 190400 210,400 299.600 433200 591 200 660000

195 292 428 600 815

1382 2645 5287 6182 7099

11,685 20,236 32,078 37,745

100

Page 105: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

wrench size required to fit the nut. Table 4-19 is the rec- ommended bolt torque for clamp type connectors.

API Ring Gaskets

API ring gaskets type R, RX, and BX are used for flanges and clamp type connectors. The R and RX gas- kets are interchangeable and will fit ANSI flanges where applicable (Standard B-16.20, and API 6A). Uses for the different ring gaskets are shown in Figure 4-9.

Types RX and BX provide a pressure energized seal but are not interchangeable.

It is not recommended to reuse BX150 through BX160 ring gaskets.

T y p e s :

OVAL and OCTAGONAL. Designed for API Ring Joint Gaskets, these match standard and special grooves. K & W produces a wide selection of custom- designed and standard gaskets in these styles.

BX and RX. Designed for extreme pressure service to 15,000 psi required in today's oilfield drilling and production, these gaskets are pressure-actuated (the higher the contained pressure, the tighter the seal). The BX can be used only in API 6 BX flanges. The RX is interchangeable with standard octagonal rings in API 6B flanges.

COMBINATION. Designed for ring joints in which the mating flanges have different ring groove diameters.

Figure 4-9. Types of API ring gaskets as manufactured by K&W, Inc. (Courtesy of K&W, Inc., a Standco Company.)

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Table 4-20 Oval and Octagonal Ring Gasket

Interchange Table for API Type 6B Flanges with Old Nominal Pipe Sizes

Old 720 Old Old Nominal 960 Nominal Nominal Flange 2,000 Flange Flange

Size 3,000 Ibs Size (in.) 5,000 Ibs Size (in.) 2,900 Ibs Ring No. Ring No. Ring No. R RX R RX R RX

1 R-16 1 R-16 11/4 R-18 11/4 R-18 lV2 R-20 RX-20 11/2 R-20 RX-20 2 R-23 RX-23 2 R-24 RX-24 21/2 R-26 RX-26 21/2 R-27 RX-27 3 R-31 RX-31 3 R-35 RX-35 31/2 R-34 RX-34 31/2 R-37 RX-37 4 R-37 RX-37 4 R-39 RX-39 5 R-41 RX-41 5 R-44 RX-44 6 R-45 RX-45 6 R-46 RX-46 8 R-49 RX-49 8 R-50 RX-50

10 R-53 RX-53 10 R-54 RX-54 12 R-57 RX-57 14 R-61 RX-61 16 R-65 RX-65 18 R-69 RX-69 20 R-73 RX-73

1 *R-82 RX-82 11/2 R-84 RX-84 2 R-85 RX-85 21/2 R-86 RX-86 3 R-87 RX-87 4 R-88 RX-88 3V2 R-89 RX-89 5 R-90 RX-90

10 R-91 RX-91

*Octagonal is standard in R-80 through R-99.

Gasket Markings

API ring gaskets are marked with the API monogram, the R-number, and type of steel as follows:

Material Marking

Soft Iron D (Cadmium plated) Type 304 SS $304 Type 316 SS $316

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Table 4.21 BX Gaskets for API Type 6BX Weldneck Flanges

Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Flange Flange Flange Flange

Bore for Bore for Bore for Bore for 5000(Ibs) BX-No. lO,O00(Ibs) BX-No. 15,O00(Ibs) BX-No. 20,O00(Ibs) BX-No.

13s/8 BX-160 163/4 BX-162 183/4 BX-163 211/4 BX-165

111/16 BX-150 113/16 BX-151 21/le BX-152 29/16 BX-153 31he BX-154 4V18 BX-155 51/8 BX-169 71/le BX-156 9 BX-157

11 BX-158 13% BX-159 163/4 BX-162 183/4 BX-164 211/4 BX-166

111116 BX-150 113116 BX-151 1~3/le BX-151 2V16 BX-152 21118 BX-152 29hs BX-153 29hs BX-153 3Yls BX-154 31/ls BX-154 41/16 BX-155 41/16 BX-155 71/le BX-156 71/le BX-156

Care of Ring Gaskets

Store ring gaskets on a flat surface, with cardboard or heavy paper as dunnage to separate each gasket for surface protection. Do not hang ring gaskets on pegs or nails. Do not store gaskets on their edges.

Never ship ring gaskets loose or in sacks. Instead, protect the gaskets during shipment by wrapping each one in paper, foil, or in boxes in order to prevent damage to the gasket surface.

103

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5

STAINLESS STEELS

Stainless steels offer a good resistance to certain types of corrosion, and provide acceptable solutions for use in high temperature and sub-zero conditions.

Dimensions and Markings

Fittings made from nickle, aluminum, copper, molyb- denum or titanium are the same as the carbon steel fit- tings described in Chapter 2. However, wall thickness and weights are different for stainless schedules 5S, 10S, 40S, and 80S on sizes of 12 ins. and smaller, which are made in accordance to B36.19. See Table 5-1 for the complete dimensions of stainless steel pipe fittings.

104

Page 109: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 5-1 Dimensions for Stainless Steel Weld Fittings

(Courtesy of Flowline Corp.)

90" ELBOWS 45" ELBOWS 180" RETURNS NOM. OUTSIDE Lon E Radius Short Radius Line Radius Lol I BINlilN a PIPE OlAMETEP Center to Back to I IZE (O.D.) Center to Center to Center to |

Face (A) Face (A) Face (B) lad)us (A) Center (0) Face (K)

'/2 .840 11/, . . . . . . % 1 V, 3 1 Y, ;/4 1.050 11/o . . . . . . ~', IV, 2V, i,~',

1 1.315 11/, I 7/m IVz 3 2~. 11/4 1.660 17/0 11/4 1 17/o 3 ~ 23/4 I'/2 1.900 21/4 1112 1~/. 2~,~ 4'/2 3V4 - - ,,, 2 2.375 3 " 2 13/. 3 6 4~.

721/2 2.875 3~/, 2V, 1% 3u 71/z 5~, 3 3.500 41/2 3 2 41/z 9 61/4 31/2 4.000 5V, 31/, 21/, 51/, 101/z 7V4 ... 4 4500 6 4 21/2 6 12 EV4 5 5563 711, 5 3Vs 71/, 15 10%, 6 6.625 9 6 3u 9 18 12~% ,,, 8 8.625 12 8 5 12 24 16~',

10 10.750 15 10 61/4 15 30 203/I 12 12.750 1~ 12 7V:, 18 36 24~ 14 14.000 21 14 8:)A 21 42 28 16 16000 24 16 ]0 24 48 32 18 18000 27 18 111/4 27 54 36 20 20 000 30 20 121/, 30 60 40 24 24.000 36 24 15 36 72 I 48

NOM. OUTSIO[ P iPE OlAMETEP SIZE (O.0.)

'/2 840 % 1.050

I 1.315 1 I/4 1.660 l ' /z 1.900 2 2.375 .. 21/2 2.875 3 3.500 3 I/z 4.000

4 4.500 .. 5 5.563

" 6 6.625 8 8.625

10 10.750 " " 12 12.750

14 14.000 ,, 16 16.000 18 18.000 20 2O 000

'24 24.000

STRAIGHT CAPS STUB ENOS TEES

Center to Len kRb-I"~" ( E ) ' - Lap (Long) (Short) End (C) ([) Diameter (G) Length (F) Len|th (F)

1 1 . . . . . . 13/8 3 2 IVe I ...... I'~{, .. 3 2 IV: IVz 11/2 2 4 2 17/I 1VZ 11/2 2VZ 4 2 17/a 21/'4 1Z/2 11/2 27/8 4 2 21/4 2VZ iYz 13/, 3.% 6 21/2 21/2 3 ll/zl 2 4Ve 6 21/2 3 3 ~ 2 21/z 5 6 21/z 3 ~ 3 ~ 21/2 3 5V2 b 3 33~ 4V8 21/2 3 6~', 6 3 41/1 47/8 3 31/2 7~', 8 3 47/0 56/~ 31/2 4 81/2 8 31/z 5r'A 7 4 5 10% 8 4 7 81/z 5 6 12:~ 10 5 * 81/z

10 6 7 1'5 10 6 10 11 61/z 71/:, 16V4 12 6 11 12 7 8 18V, 12 6 12 131/, 8 9 21 12 6 13 l/:, 15 9 10 23 12 6 15 17 lOV2 12 271/4 I2 6 17

STRAIGHT CROSSES

Center to End (C)

. . . . .

. . . . . II/2

';'Use length E-] where wall thickness is greater than for Schedule 80S.

(Continued on next page) 105

Page 110: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

106

T

T

T--

. . . . A - - - - - - - -

T _~,~---~ O. D . -~

..... OD.- f _7

[ o r

~ o D,-ff,

T- -~ , " ; - T c ~ ,--T"

Table 5-1 continued

NOM. PIPE SIZE

x 3/8

3/4X 3/8 x 1:2

l x 3/8 x 1/2 x 3A

11/4 X I'2 ~, x 3/4

x ]

11/2x 1' 2 X 3/4 x ] x l l / 4

2 X 3/4 x l Xl l /4 xlV~,

2V:, x 1 x11/4 x 11/~, x2

3 x l xlV~, x2 x 21/~,

REDUCERS

Concentr|c & Eccentr,c Length (H)

l I/2 I L/2

2 2

2 2 2

2 2 2

2|/2 21/~, 2V:, 2V2

3 3 3 3

3V2 31/2 31/~, 3V2

31/2 3V2 31/2 31/2

REDUCING OUTLET TEES *

Center to End of Run (C)

] !

11/8 ll/s

11/2 11/2 11/2

17/s 17/s 17/8

21/4 21/4 21/, 21/4

2V2 21/2 2V2 21/:,

3 3 3 3

33/, 33/. 33/8 3 ~

Ce~er to End of Outlet (M)

] !

Iv8 ]l/s ]1/2 11/2 11/2

17/. 17/8 17/S

21/4 21/4 21./4 21/4 ]3~ 2 21/, 23/8

2V4 2Vz 2s/. 23~

2s/8 2)/S 3 3V(

REDUCING :UTLET REDUCERS TEES

NOM. Concentric & PIPE Eccentric Center to End Center to End SIZE Lenl[th (H) of Run (C) of Outlet (M)

31/2 x I//4 4

x2 4 3% 31/4 x2V2 4 3�90 3V2 x3 4 33A 3~s .....

4 x 11/z 4 41/8 33/8 x2 4 49'8 31/z x21/z 4 41/e 3�90 x3 4 41/e 37/s x31/z 4 4Vs 4

5 x2 5 47/s 41/s x21/2 5 47/s 41/4 x 3 5 47/I 43/11 x 31/2 5 47/s 41/2 x 4 5 47/8 4s/s

(Continued on next page)

Page 111: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

T

. . . . . . . . . . 0 -~

- - -~ O.D. r - - -

. . . . lr ~ O.D.

-~ c ---4.----- c ----J

T

T t ,

o.D -t- ~ - - 1 - ~ ~

Table 5.1 continued

NOM. PiPE SIZE

x2V2 x3 x3'/2 x4 x5

x3 x3Vz x4 x5 x6

x4 x5

l

REDUCERS

Cencentric & Eccentric Len|th (H)

5V~. 5V2 51/:, 51/2 51/2

6 6 6 6 6

7 ?

REDUCING OUTLET TEES *

Center te EH ef Rue (C)

5s/8 5% 5s/. 5% 5r,/8

7 7 7 7 7

8Vz 8V2 81/2 8V2

Center te [ M ef Outlet (M)

4u 47/e 5 51/s 53/s

6 6 61/8 63/e 6s/8

71/4 7V2 7u 8

NOM. PIPE SIZE

12x 5 x 6 x 8 xlO

14x 6 x 8 xlO x12

16x 6 x 8 x 10 x]2 x 14

18x 8 xlO x12 x]4 x 16

20x 8 xlO x ]2 x ]4 x 16 x 18

24x 10 x 12 x 14 x16 x18 x 20

REDUCERS

Concentric & Eccentric LenDth (H)

8 8 8 8

]3 13 13 13 ]4 ]4 ]4 14 14 15 15 15 15 ]S 2O 2O 2O 20 2O 2O 2O 2O 20 20 20 2O

REDUCING OUTLET TEES*

Center to End Center to End of Run (C) of Outlet (M)

10 8t/2 10 8~s 10 9 10 91/2 11 9H 11 9�90 11 10V. 11 10sA 12 103/8 12 10�90 12 llV. 12 llY. 12 12 13V2 11% 131/2 121/. 131/2 12s/k 131/' 13 131/2 13

15 12% 15 131/s 15 13s/. 15 14 15 14 15 141/2 17 151/a 17 15s/8 17 16 17 16 17 161/2 17 17

*Use same dimensmons for reductng outlet crosses.

All dmlenslons are in inches and conform to ASA B]6.9 and MSS SP-43, where applicable.

107

Page 112: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 5-1. Standard markings for stainless steel fittings. (Courtesy of Flowline Corp.)

Markings of Fittings

Figure 5-1 illustrates a stainless steel 90-degree weld elbow long radius with standard markings:

7071 4" Sch. 40S Flowline .237" Wall WP304L

(heat or batch number) (size and pipe schedule) (trademark of the manufacturer) (wall thickness of S/40S pipe) (ASTM specification design)

Types of Stainless Steel

There are over forty types of stainless steels. Three basic types account for half of the stainless steel used. These are the 300 and 400 series of stainless. 108

Page 113: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

The most likely types of stainless steel used in ANSI systems will be 304, 304L, 316, and 316L. The "L" des- ignation is for a low-carbon content in the steel.

Screwed fittings are usually 304 or 316 stainless. Valves are usually 316 stainless. Pipe and flanges may be any of the above types. Stainless steel stud bolts are not common.

Carbon steel lap joint flanges are used with stainless steel stub ends when feasible to limit the use of the higher priced stainless flanges. See Table 5-3 for dimen- sions of stub ends.

Stainless Steel Fittings

Figures 5-2 through 5-5 show the most commonly used weld fittings.

Identification markings are identical to the require- ments for carbon steel flanges, i.e., trademark, type of material, size, pressure rating, and bore. Descriptions are the same as for carbon steel flanges.

Storage of Stainless Flanges

The same methods described in Chapter 2 for storing or shipping carbon steel flanges applies as well for storing stainless steel flanges. However, it is preferable to store stainless flanges indoors if possible to protect the flange face and gasket surface. It is not necessary to lubricate the face of any stainless steel flange.

(Text continued on page 110)

109

Page 114: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

" '*" " ~ ~ !

J j i , ~ ill f

~.~.__ DIUS

90 ~ ELBOWS 90 ~ ELBOWS

?

. ~ ~ " ~ " ' , ' ~

----=,~ = = = ~ _ _ ~ ~ . . . ~.,,.=_,~------~ LONG RADIUS

REDUCING 90 ~ ELBOWS 45 ~ ELBOWS

Figure 5-2. Stainless steel elbows. (Courtesy of Flowline Corp.)

1 1 0

Page 115: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

' / k

STRAIGHT TEES

STRAIGHT CROSSES

REDUCING OUTLET TEES

r ~ ,~

i, i !! /

REDUCING OUTLET CROSSES

Figure 5-3. Stainless steel tees and crosses. (Courtesy of Flowline Corp.) 111

Page 116: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

180 ~ TURNS

CAPS

ECCENTRIC REDUCERS

CONCENTRIC REDUCERS

Figure 5-4. Stainless steel returns, caps, and reducers. (Courtesy of Flowline Corp.)

112

Page 117: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

f i ,L,

STUB ENDS--MSS SHORT LENGTHS

i

TYPE C STUB ENDS

STUB ENDS--ANSI LONG LENGTHS

Figure 5-5. Stainless steel stub ends and flange. (Courtesy of Flowline Corp.) 113

Page 118: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Stainless Steel Pipe

The common schedules of stainless steel pipe are 5S, 10S, 40S, and 80S. Table 5-2 is a complete chart of stainless steel pipe schedules and other important data. Stainless pipe is commonly referred to and described by size, schedule, and the wall thickness. Weight per foot is seldom mentioned.

Example: 8-in. S/10S .109" WT. 8-in. S/40S .322" WT. 1-in. S/80S .179" WT.

Care of Stainless Steel Pipe

Extra care of stainless steel pipe during the entire cy- cle of receipt, storage, fabrication, and shipment is a re- quirement that cannot be over emphasized. Stainless pipe has a finished surface and thin walls. Pipe should be stored indoors, if possible, and on carpet-covered pipe racks.

The pipe should be stored by type, size and schedule. Suitable dunnage should be used between each layer of pipes.

Nylon slings, not chains or cable slings, should be used to handle the pipe. A special protective harness is available for use when shipping stainless pipe for protec- tion from damage, which can be caused by chains and binders.

Stainless pipe should never be dropped or bumped against other joints, cr~x~ continued on page 118)

114

Page 119: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 5-2 Dimensions for Stainless Steel Pipe

(Cour tesy of Flowl ine Corp.)

. . . . . . . . . . I ' ' ' ~ " "

JI p~-,, ! u u m u I ~

i! % | 675 I : . ' " ./ . . . . I . . . . I " I

[ '~ -I -TBo(~-- - - - ~ ..... F- -- "-:

I; v,,~ l t.9oo r t - ' . . . . . . - - ~

n-~----T-~. 3--7~ ) [ ~ ~ . . / ~ m c m i w ; ~ ! ; . ] , = 3 500 . . . . ,.~ , oooj I . . . . .

4 4.500 " ;~ "

l w 6 625 t

,F-~o--~I -~ �9 1 t ~ ~ . ~ - ~q' J il 12 { 12 750 ! i~ . : M ~ ? . ' . ~ . ~ ~..]} ',! ~,~ j ~4ooo ! ! ~ : , ~ - " ~ ~ - :,1, 25o i3~oo I !~s L_ zs.ooo I ' I 25o ~s ~oo~

L 20 I 2o ooo I k . ~ : . l i ~ . ~ : i J i ~ Z ~ : ~ . i, ?so l~ soo

IL.!* ~ ~ ~ ~ ] ~ ~ o l l , , , , , ~ m : : ~ ~ ~ J l r - - ~ ~ ~ 8 - - I - - ~ ~2a l F t - , l l l l l L l~ :F~~ ! : : l

ZO 20 000 I 375 I 9 250 ' 500 19 000 . . . . . .*v II ~, ! )~ ];~ ~ g ti ,~ t ~).~7 ~ 1 t ~ ~ (Continued on next page)

Page 120: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

T a b l e 5 - 2 c o n t i n u e d

, . -+ . , o+,. ,<..o,,o., s<...,'o I+ R r i m o ~ , . w ..... w . . ] I . s , ~ ~ w . . 7 ~.+e,, 7 ~

~ .~m m s I .269 : . . . .088 I .364

i .ore I .493 + - ~ " " ..... _

~�88 1.315 .133 I I 049 ].660 .140 ] 1.380 . .

1�89 !.900 .145 t 1 610 - - 2 2.375 .154 f 2.--~ 7----

~.~ 2.875 .203 / 2.469 3soo ; t 6 i 3.o68

3�89 4000 . 2 2 6 J 3 5 4 8 4.500 4 ' .237 l 4.026

5 ~963 .2~8 i 5o47 al 6.625 280 I 6.065

8.625 .322 1 7 981 .406 7,813 i i

. . . . . . - ~ 7 5 o : 10 10.750 .365 I 10.020 - ~ 0 0 - ~ l i iz.7so ,4o6 I ]] 938 .962 is 626

12.814 14 14 000 .438 I 13 124 .593 ~ " : , 1 ] 4.688 z l i6.ooo ~oo i zsooo 6s6

" - i i ' ~ 8 . o o o - ~ - 6 ~ - - - l - - T ~ - s ~ - . . . . T ~ . s - ~ 18376 i 20 20.000 .,593 I 18 814 812 .~J 22 064 i - 2 , ~ . ~ ,,, 687 ! ~ . ~ , ~ , ~o~ ~ , ~

'ipl Oilmlltlr Wall I ,.s,de wail i Ins,de l] Wall Ins,de ', l;izo + Thick. J O,am. I[ Think. J O,am. 'L Thick. ] Omm. + I I I

' ~ .0% I + ~ i l . i . ~ I , , N . . . . ~/+ll ~ + .119 I .302 ++ , . ~ .+, II ,, i . . . .

'Yl i . ]47 J _ _ + _ _ : . ~ . . . . J . N . . . . i " ' i . . . . . . ; ' l ~ . . . . l . 7 ~ . . . . T .... I . . . . . . . . . ] [ . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . - T + ; - !

.179 l .957 il �9 l . . . . tl i . . . . ;. {

.]91 I +.2;8 ii I . . II . . . . " . . . . ]

. 2 0 0 + i.500 II �9 I ,, iJ . . . . . . . l ~ - z - 1 2.375 [ ] - - 2 i 8 - - ~ - - T ; w .... , ~ , - - -~ . . . . . . -~ ' - -T . -+ ; . . . . . . . . . . ; ;+ ] II z�89 I 2.~7S Ii .276 i 2 323 ~! . . I �9 II . . . . . i II z I 3.+oo II .~oo i 2.900 +t . I . , . 1,1 . . . . . . + l l _ ~ 4 1 / i ~ , 3 1 8 | 3.364 ,~ , . ! - - I~ - . . . . . .

II s I s . ~ + l l I .432 I 5,761 '~ I ,, II .562 5.501 I

II iO I i 0 , 7 5 0 l ,993 i s+,564 il ill 1 9 , 3 .843 9,0 I II IZ I 12.750 ill 687 I 11 376 ! :4 t / I 1 C il l 000 10.750 I !! 1,1 I ]4.000 ! 1750 1 121500 II 3 ' l l 2 ' I I I 11093 l i . 8 t 4 I !i I I J 1 6 . ~ 1]_ .843 ! 14.314 I I i ~3L I 13.938 iI 1.218 13.564 | I F T z ....... ~ ]8:ooo r , - - ~ s ~ - i - ~ : ~ - - t l - i ~ - T i s ~ i i i ~ - 1 1 - - i : 3 - s r - - - i ~ s o - - I II 2o ! 20.000 j 1+031 i 17.938 ii 1 8L t 17.438 II 1.500 i7.000 i

~ .~s 1 ~ 9 6 4 t t i a t I 20938 ii 1.812 20,3761 i l ,,,,- 11

(Continued on next page)

Page 121: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 5-2 continued

Nominal P~pe Size

. . . . . . . . . . i / | . . . .

1

1�89

Outside Diameter

. . . . . i40s .540

I ,675

I 1.050 1 315 1.660

SCHEDULE 140

Walt Inside Thick. Diam. . . . . . . .

_ . .~____~

�9 1.900 . . . . . . .

SCHEDULE 160 DOUBLE X STRONG

Wall Inside Wail ..... Inside .... Thick. Diam. Thick. Diam. . . . . . . . . . . . .

�9 ..

.187 .466 294 ,252 218 .614 1:308 .434 250 .815 358 . 5 ~ 250 ].160 ,382 .896 .28] 1.338 .400 ],lO0

L ~ ~

z,/, 2875 il . . . . 3 3.500 U . . . . 3,/, 4o0o j[ . . . .

4 , ~ - ~ 5.563 6,625 8,6z5 S]2

10,750 1.000 12,750 1.]25 14.00(3 1 250 16,000 1.438 18000 1.552 20.000 2r . . . . . . . . . . . .

.... - - .--I - T ~ I - ~ - - T - - - ] -689 -- ,436 . . . . . . 11503 ~= . . . . i] .375 | 2125 ,552 ].771 . . . . il .438 | 2.624 .600 2,300

.._ . . , , . jl ~,,.,,. / , ~ : . ,,:,:_ . . . . l .531 3438 ~(~74 ~:3 i]52 J 625 4.313 .750 4.063 / .718 5.189 ,864 4,897

700 i .906 6.8]3 .875 6.875 8.750 ~-~125 8 5 ~ "

]o.5oo ~.3]2 l O . ] 2 6 ~ ! . ~ ! 4 o 6 ] ! . ] . t3.124 1.593 "12.814 ]4.876 ] .78] ]4.438

~75o ~ ] 6 . ~ !.~s 1 6 o 6 4 2.062 [ ]9.876 ~ 2.343 . . . . 19.314 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All dimensions are in ;nches. Dtmensmns for Standard Wetght. Extra Strong, Double Extra Stron$, Schedules 10, 20. 30, 40. 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 are in conformance wtth A,S A. B36 ]0, Dimensions for Schedules 5S, 10S. 4OS. and BO~ a r e

m conformance with A,S,A B36,19.

(A} Proposed ~vall thick- hess ~or Schedules 5S anO lOS.

(8~ Wall thicknesses for Schedu|es 40.40S. ant; Standard Weight are identical through 10" seze.

(C) Wall thicknesses for Schedules 80, 80S, and Extra Strong are ~den- ttcal throuitl 8" s=ze.

(I) Th=ckness a(~rees wtth that for Standard We=iht Pipe ~A,S,A, B36 I0"~; not included In Schedule 40S

(2) Thickness agrees with that ~or Extra Stron8 Ptpe (AS,A, B36 10); not Included in Sched- ule SOS,

1 1 7

Page 122: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 5-3 Dimensions of Stainless Steel Stub Ends

(Courtesy of Flowline Corp.)

NOM. OUTSIDE LAP PIPE DIAMETER DIAMETER SIZE (O.D.) (G)

1/2 .840 1% % 1.050 111/~6

1 1.315 2 1 V,, 1.660 21/2 1 i/~ 1.900 2 7/s 2 2.375 3 % 2 '/~ 2.875 4 '/s 3 3.500 5 3 V2 4.000 51/2 4 4.500 63A6 5 5.563 7s/~6 6 6.625 8 I/2 8 8.625 10%

10 10.750 123/; 12 12.750 15 14 14.000 161/, 16 16.000 181h 18 18.000 21 20 20.000 23 22 22.000 25 !/~ 24 24.000 27 V,,

RADIUS . . . . . . . THICKNESS stainless

Steel Approx. Wt. in Pounds*

Shert Lenlth

.12

.14

.18

.28

.33

.49

.67

.91 1.18 1.37 1.89 3.45

8 4 I/2 1/16 ~ ..... 1 8 7 ..... 5.34 10 5 1/2 1/16 .134 .221 8.35 10 6 1/2 1/16 _ J N . . . . . . . ~ _ ~ 13.34 12 6 1/, 1/i 6 , I , ~ i . 2 4 9 14.00 12 6 1/2 1/16 , , ~ .249 17.50 12 6 1/2 t/~6 ~ . 2 ~ 25.25

12 6 1/2 1/16 30.75 12 6 !/2 I/~6 . . . . . . . . 34.50

(Continued on next page)

- [ - ~ , MADE IN , ,- CONFORMANCE

WITH A.S.A. B16.9 G o o AND M.S.S. SP.-43

~_"[3 ' WHERE APPLICABLE

EXCEPT THICKNESS OF CERTAIN LAPS A

.- s,,,,,,D ,,,,c, HAS BEEN INCREASED

118

SCHEDULE 5S Featherweight LENGTH

(F)

WALL LAP Lone Short A B (T) (t)

3 2 ,/. ,/~ m .m 3 2 I/. lh2 JI6S 4 2 1/8 1/32 .tit6 4 2 3/~6 1/32 .... ~ .... ,Og5 4 2 !/4 1In ,Ore J ~ 6 2112 s/~6 V32 m .1W. 6 2 I/2 s/;6 1/32 - 1 ~ 3 . . . . . J30 6 21/2 % i /32 Jm3 .Lt4

6 3 7/i, 1/32 8 3 T/16 1/16 .tOg .168 8 31/~ 1/2 1/1 ~ 109 .175

F L a W U N ~ TYPE "A" STUB ENDS

Page 123: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 5-3 continued

~ OM. I OUTSIDE LAP IPE DIAMETER DliIMETER

SiZE (O.D.) (G)

*/~

1~/~ 1'/~ llh 2 2V~ 3 31h

14 16 18 20 22 24

LEI

Lenl

1"/,6

1.660 2V2 1.900 2 7. 4 2.375 3 % 6 2.875 4 V8 6 3.5O0 5 6 4.000 51/2 4.500 63/~6 5.563 7sh6 6.625 8 Vz 8.625 10%

10.750 123A 1 12.750 15 10 14.000 16'h 12 16.000 18'h 12 18.000 21 12 20.000 23 12 22.000 251/, 12 24.000 271/, 12

~ TH RADIUS

Short A I B

'/81 '/37

3/"1 ' / - 2 V, I V3= 272 ~/~61V. 2V~ s / . lV . 2 V2 %1 1/32

7 . I V32 3 '/"I '/" 3'/2 'hi '/1,

v,l v,, '/~ I '/1~ ,/211/,, '/21 '/,~ '/21'/" '/211/,6 'h I 'l,, '/21 '/''

6 'h I ' / .

FLGWUIVs TYPE " B " STUB ENDS

--.~ r ~"1 MADE IN i ~ i ! i CONFORMANCE

WITH A.S.A. B16.9 AND M.S.S. SP.-43 WHERE APPLICABLE EXCEPT THICKNESS OF CERTAIN LAPS

�9 HAS BEEN INCREASED

SCHEDULE 10S LiEht I.P.S.

THICKNESS stli;:e? s

i Approx. Wt. WALL I LAP in Pounds*

(1") ! (t) Short LenIth

~ 1 .48 i .tin ..t a ,~ . | .5s

m " : ~ 1 1 .ml .96 ,120 | .z6[ ! 1.34

i .|20 ] ~ ] 1.72 ~.]20 ~l .... - ~ ] 1.99

,]34 I .18t ! 2.26 : .134 | . ~ ] 4.25 ~1148 ]~ ~ ] 6.73 ass I ~ ! 10.31

: . .~ I ~ i l 14.39 i ; ~ - ~ ' ] -~il)"] 16.75 : J ~ } .~I]l- l 20.00 _ ,l;Mm_:| i J , : ] 21.50 ] 1 ~ | ,.U~:] 28.25 ~ A l m i J l j 31.00

i ~ _ | i "~_.J 39.75

(Continued on next page)

1 1 9

Page 124: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 5-3 continued

SCHEDULE 40S Standard I.P.S. LENGTH , .

NOM. OUTSIDE LAP (F) RADIUS Stainless Steel Aluminum THICKNESS Approx. Wt. Approx. Wt.:

PiPE DIAMETER DIAMETER in Pounds* in Pounds

SIZE (O.D.) (G) Len| ' i I L(~)P Short A B W(~L LonlE Short �9 Lenlth Lenl[th Lonl[ Len~h

1/2 .840 ]' % 3 2 1/s 1/32 .32 .24 .1 ]' 3/4 ]..050 1"/14 3 2 ~ 1/32 .45 .36 .).6

1 ]..3].5 2 4 2 1/o 1/32 .65 .37 .23 ]' 11, ]..660 2112 4 2 3/~6 1132 1.00 .62 .35 11/2 ]..900 2 ~ 4 2 1/,, 1/32 ]..20 .75 .42 2 2.375 3 % 6 21/2 s,~6 1/32 2.25 1.29 .79 21/2 2.875 4 I/a 6 21/2 s~6 1/32 3.4]. 1.71 1.80 3 3.500 5 6 21/2 % 1/3~ 4.67 2.46 1.65 31/2 4.000 5 I/~ 6 3 % 1/32 5.58 3.30 1.97 4 4.500 63/14 6 3 x/16 1/32 6.70 4.06 2.37 5 5.563 7s/~6 8 3 x/16 1/16 10.75 4.64 3.79 6 6.625 8 I/2 8 3 I/2 lh 1/16 ].6.].8 9.06 5.71 8 8.625 ].0% 8 4 I/2 1A6 25.50 15.98 8.].5

l0 10.750 12 3/~ l0 5 1/2 1/16 40.00 23.13 ]4.].2 12 ].2.750 15 l0 6 1/~ 1A6 47.00 30.48 ].6.59 14 14.000 161/~ ].2 6 1/2 1/i 6 60.00 35.00 2]...].2 16 16.000 181/2 ].2 6 1/~ 1/i 6 69.75 41.75 24.50 18 ],8.000 21 ].2 6 1/2 IA6 80.50 48.00 28.25 20 20.000 23 ].2 6 1/2 1/16 9]..25 54.50 32.00 22 22.000 25 I/, 12 6 1/2 1A6 99.75 59.50 35.00 24 24.000 27 i,~ 12 6 l/z i/16 ],13.25 67.50 39.75

TYPE " C " STUB ENDS

.Ao g,,own, IN NOMINAL PIPE

o SIZES 1/2" THROUGH 12"-- ~ 1 SHORT LENGTHS O N L Y S E E NOTE (A)

,AC~

120

Page 125: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 5-3 continued

SCHEDULE 80S Extra Heavy I.P.S. LENGTH RADIUS

NOM. OUTSIDE LAP (F) THICKNESS Stainless Aluminnm PiPE DIAMETER DIAMETER Steel Approx.

Approx. Wt. in SIZE (O.D.) (G) wt. in Pounds

WALL LAP Pounds* Long Leng Short A B (T) (t) Long Length

Length

'/2 .840 1% 3 2 i/+ '/32 ,147 .187 .38 .13 3/, 1.050 11'/,+ 3 2 1/s 1/22 .|54 .187 .51 .18

1 1.315 2 4 2 1/o 1/32 ,l~.. .187 .87 .31 11/4 1.660 2112 4 2 311+ 1132 'I91 ~ 1 .I91 1.35 .48 1 '/2 1.900 2 7/a 4 2 '/4 '/32 ~ .200 1.54 .54

_ 2 2.375 3 % 6 2'/2 s/~+ 1/32 .218 .218 3.10 1.09

~ 1/2 2.875 4 I/o 6 2 !/2 s/~+ '/32 .276 .276 4.64 1.64 3.500 5 6 21/2 % '/32 300 .300 6.36 2.25

3'/2 4.000 5'/2 6 3 % 1/32 .318 .318 7.70 2.72 4 4.500 62/% 6 3 7'I+ 1/32 337 337 9.37 3.31

5.563 7sA+ 8 3 71+ I/i+ 375 .375 16.50 5.82 6.625 8'/2 8 31/2 1/= '/!+ .432 .432 22.56 7.96

8 8.625 10% 8 4 1/= 1/,+ .500 .... . ~ 34.50 ]2.18 10 10.750 12 3/; 10 5 I/= 1/,+ .500 .500 54.00 19.06 12 12.750 15 ,10 6 11= 7,+ .500 .500 64.50 22.77

'" 14 14.000 16 V4 12 6 11= 7,+ . ~ i ~ " 82.00 28.75 16 16.000 18 V= 12 6 1/= '/i+ .$OOm .500 96.50 33.80 18 18.000 21 12 6 I/= VI+ .~ .5~. 108.50 38.00 20 20.000 23 12 6 11= 111 + i ~ .500 119.50 42.00 22 22.000 25114 12 6 11= 111+ .51)1~ .500 128.25 45.00 24 24.000 27'/4 12 6 !/2 1/1+ .$01~ .500 148.00 52.00 ..

121

Page 126: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Cut-offs at fabrications shops should be re-marked if necessary with the standard markings, and then re- turned to stock for future issue.

Marking Stainless Pipe

Stainless steel pipe and fittings should never be painted because they do not require a protective coating. In addition, identification would be more difficult.

Be sure all stainless steel items are marked with good identification code numbers. Leave any vendor markings on stainless pipe for future identification purposes. Mark your company codes with stencil ink that includes the type, size, schedule, and purchase order item number on each joint. (The stencil ink is available in aerosol cans). You may also use good quality bar code markings. Place codes inside each end of each joint of pipe.

To further ensure the correct identification of stainless steels, a color code scheme is used. A suggested color code appears in Table 5-4. Stencil inks are used to apply the color code in designs of your choice such as lines, dots, triangles, etc.

Identification Tests

If a stainless item is not identified for some reason, be- sides a laboratory test, craftsmen can perform certain tests at jobsites. 122

Page 127: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 5-4 Color Code Chart

Type of steel Stencil Ink Colors -21 degree F to -50 degree F Carbon Steel Yellow Special Carbon Steel (Project stated as special) Red 31/2% Nickle White Type 304 Stainless Steel Red Type 304L Stainless Steel Yellow Type 316 Stainless Steel Blue Type 316L Stainless Steel Green Type 309 Stainless Steel Red & Yellow Type 310 Stainless Steel Red & Blue Carpenter 20 Stainless Steel Black Carbon-lh% Molybdenum Red & White 1% Chrome-~h% Molybdenum Yellow & White 11/4% Chrome-lh% Molybdenum Green & White 21/4% Chrome-l% Molybdenum Green & Yellow 5% Chrome-V2% Molybdenum Orange 9% Chrome-l% Molybdenum Orange & Yellow AF-22-65 Duplex Blue & Yellow AF-22-100 Duplex Red & Yellow AF-22-130 Duplex Black & Yellow MW CR-13 Blue & Orange

Magnet Tests

The 300 series of stainless steels are non-magnetic in most cases to a hand magnet. The 400 series of stain- less steels are magnetic.

Chemical Tests

Saturated copper sulphate solution deposits metallic copper on non-stainless steel in about five minutes. On stainless steels there will not be a deposit. (To apply the copper sulphate solution for the test, clean a small area

123

Page 128: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

of the steel with emory cloth, then apply a few drops of the solution to the abraded area.)

Other Tests

How to distinguish 302 and 304 from 316 and 317 stainless steels is described in Table 5-5 along with other types of tests.

Figure 5-6 illustrates a tool called the WT Alloy Sepa- rator. | When the probe is touched to any metal, the probe creates an instant thermocouple voltage that is unique for each metal containing sufficient differences in chemistry or crystalline structure. It is manufactured by Technicorp of Wayne, N.J.

Figure 5-6. Electronic metal tester. (Courtesy of Technicorp-Wayne, New Jersey.) 124

Page 129: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 5-5 Identification Tests for Stainless Steels

(Courtesy of Uddeholm Steel Corp.)

AISI TYPE

302

303

303Se

304

308 309 310 316

317'

321

347

i MAGNET HARDNESS GROUP i TEST SPARK TEST TEST

ii Austenitic Short, reddish, with

�9 few forks u. Austenitic Short, reddish, with "

few forks ... Austenitic Short. reddish, with o

few forks a Austenitic ~ Short, reddish, with ~'esc ~

few forks �9 o ~ Full red without many forks *',. o"

,I ~ Full red without many forks ~m -~ ~ Austenitic O~ Full red without many forks i = o : Austenitic Short. reddish, with r

few forks m Austenitic tn

Austenitic 3 lo r Austenitic :)

410 Martensitic

414 . Martensitic.

416 Martensitic m

416,Se . Martensitic

420 Martensitic

' 431 "! Martensitic "_ .Z _

440, A, B, C Martensitic < �9 �9 �9

O 1430 . Ferritic ~ �9 .

i430F Ferritic

430FSe Ferritic

446 Ferritic

Long white with few forks "~

Long white with few forks ~ ~"

Long white with few forks r = m

Long white-red with burst o ~c m

Long white with few forks C~

Long white-red with burst

Long white with few forks "~ ccm~c,10 ~"

6: t n t -~ o" ~ 3 ~ 3

~-~o~ q.. Full red without many forks

(Continued on next page)

125

Page 130: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 5-5 continued

AISI TYPE

302

303

303Se

304

3O8 309 310 316

317'

321

347

410

414

416

416Se

420

431

440. A, B. C

430

430F

430FSe

446

GROUP

Austenitic

Austenitic

Austenitic

Austenitic Austenitic Austenitic Austenitic

AustenitiC

Austenitic

Austenitic

Martensitic

Martensitic

Martensitic

Martensitic

Martensitic

Martensitic

Martensitic .

Ferritic

Ferritic

Ferritic

Ferritic

HYDROCHLORIC SULFURIC ACID TEST ACID TEST

Strong attack. Dark surface, Fairly rapid reaction Green crystals Pale blue-green solution

Spoiled egg odor. heavy black smudge Garlic odor

Strong attack. Dark surface. Fast attack Green crystals Gas formation

Slow attack, Tan surface Very slow attack compared turns brown to 302, 304, 321 and 347 'Slower attack, Tan surface turns brown

Fast attack Gas formation Fast attack Gas formation

More vigorous reaction than 302 Darker green solution

Spoiled egg odor

Garlic odor

Spoiled egg odor

Garlic odor

126

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6

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

There are small items such as screwed fittings, gas- kets, pipe nipples, and plugs that are necessary on ev- ery project. The materials described in this chapter are merely to acquaint the new materials person of their ex- istence, and so are not shown with dimensions and ta- bles.

Malleable iron fittings, either black or galvanized, are the low-pressure fittings sold at the hardware store, and used accordingly. Figure 6-1 shows a 150-1b bronze to iron ground joint union. This type fitting is available from l/s-in, through 4-in. in 150, 250, and 300-1b ratings.

Figure 6-1. Malleable iron union. (Courtesy of Jaqua-McKee, Inc.) 127

Page 132: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Elbow 48' EIINw Tee

Cram S~oet EIImw lateral

Figure 6-2. Forged steel fittings. (Courtesy of Jaqua-McKee, Inc.)

Figure 6-2 shows the most commonly used fittings in ANSI systems, the forged steel screwed (and socket- weld) fittings. These fittings are used for steam, water, oil, gas, and air. They are available in 2,000, 3,000 and 6,000-1b classes, in many types of alloys including stain- less steels. Figure 6-3 shows additional forged steel fit- tings. Store fittings by size and rating.

Pipe nipples are stocked in various lengths in black or galvanized pipe, and in schedules to match the pipe be- ing used. They are also made to the length required for fit-up by pipefitters using pipe machines. Figure 6-4 de- picts typical pipe nipples. One of the nipples is referred 128

Page 133: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Coupling Half Couplinll Reducer Cap

Hex. Head Bushinll Rush Bushin| Round Head Plug Square Head Plug

Flex. Head Plull

Figure 6-3. Forged steel fittings. (Courtesy of Jaqua-McKee, Inc.)

t~I'~' f~=! I ,~,~ttl,ll,titttl

All Thread Nipple Nipple Threaded Both Ends

Figure 6-4. Pipe nipples. (Courtesy of Jaqua-McKee, Inc.) 129

Page 134: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

to as an all-thread or close nipple by the craftsmen. Other nipples are described in size by the nipple's length. A shoulder nipple is an all-thread nipple with a small unthreaded section in the center of the nipple forming a shoulder. Some nipples have a thread on one end only. Some used with socketweld fittings do not have any threads. Store nipples by type, size, and length.

Swage nipples are used to reduce pipe sizes. Swages are available in combinations from Vs-in. to about 8-in., but larger in special cases. Figure 6-5 shows a typical swage nipple threaded on both ends. Swages may have almost any combination of ends such as bevel large end, thread small end, grooved, and bevel both ends.

Another type of cross-over fitting is the sub-tubing nip- pie as shown in Figure 6-6. Sub-tubing nipples are used to change from an API tubing thread to a line pipe thread. The longer variations of this nipple are called

130 Figure 6-5. Swage Nipples. (Courtesy of Jaqua-McKee, Inc.)

Page 135: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 6-6. Sub-tubing nipple, pup- Figure 6-7. Bull plugs. (Courtesy of joints. (Courtesy of Jaqua-McKee, Inc.) Jaqua-McKee, Inc.)

pup-joints. Pup-joints are in even-numbered lengths from 2-ft through 16-ft, and are used to complete a string of pipe in given length without cutting and threading. Pup- joints are usually API threads on both ends.

Bu//p/ugs, see Figure 6-7, are used to close ends of lines or strings of tubing in oil wells. They are akin to the smaller hex head or round pipe plugs, but are not the same. Bull plugs are available in sizes from ~/8-in. through 8-in., and can have threaded, plain, beveled, or grooved ends. Bull plugs are often drilled and tapped, and a valve and nipple added for an outlet. There are fe- male threaded plugs available, but they are not common.

131

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Figure 6-8. Hammer unions. (Courtesy of Jaqua-McKee, Inc.)

I i

Spiral Wound Red Rubber, Asbestos

Figure 6-9. Typical ANSI gaskets. (Courtesy of Jaqua-McKee, Inc.)

Figure 6-8 shows the wing or hammer union. These rugged unions are used most commonly in oil field hook- ups and temporary lines. They are available in sizes from 1-in. through 12-in., from 1,000 psi to 15,000 psi. 132

Page 137: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Gaskets require proper storage methods for protec- tion. Do not store gaskets on nails or pegs. Store by type, size, and rating on a flat surface. Never issue gaskets that will be placed in a sack with the fittings and bolts. Figure 6-9 illustrates some of the common ANSI system gaskets.

Flange insulation sets are used between systems, such as an offshore pipeline connection to the produc- tion facilities. The set consists of a flange gasket, either full faced or raised face, sleeves, and washers for the bolts. Store the insulation kits in the same vendor box as they were shipped in. Do not mix or mingle the various sets. Figure 6-10 is a flange insulation kit or set.

Corrosive areas sometimes mandate the use of a pro- tector of the flange stand-off area to protect the gasket area between the flanges. These protectors are available

Figure 6-10. Flange insulation sets. (Courtesy of Jaqua-McKee, Inc.) 133

Page 138: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

�9 ~ ,..~

!

Figure 6-11. Process flange protectors. (Courtesy of Rodun Development Corp., Houston, Texas.)

in various shapes and models. Figure 6-11 shows a pro- tector called Flexi-seal. | (Rodun Development Corp., Houston, Texas). This protector features a center V- shaped section that forms its primary seal. Flexible ribs on each side provide secondary sealing. It is secured in place by a stainless steel band and latched with a steel T-bolt.

Store miscellaneous items by size and rating, and if necessary, apply a tag for future identification. 134

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I

7

PIPELINE PIGS

Pipelines require cleaning, and products require sepa- ration when being transported through the same line si- multaneously; pipeline pigs are used to make cleaning and separation possible.

The slang word "pig" means scraper, ball, sphere, or other apparati used in pipelines. Figure 7-1 illustrates a Polly-Cast | pig made from polyester urethane. Pigs such as the Polly-Cast | can be used in gas, crude oil, salt wa- ter, refined product, and LPG lines. They are also avail- able with steel bristles on the wear surface, which in- creases the life of the urethane pig.

Spherical balls or pigs (Figure 7-2) have been used for many years. They are available in solid material in sizes 1 "through 12" and inflatable from 4" through 56". Pigs are inflated with a displacement pump capable of 250 psi or 1,724 kPa (Figure 7-3). This type of pig is often used in automated piping systems, meter proving, product sepa- ration, hydrostatic testing, and cleaning. Most are made from Neoprene, Nitrile, Polyurethane, or Viton.

135

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T STANDARD LENGTH POLLY-CAST |

Available as Plain or Steel Belted (Steel Belted shown above)

I | ! I

~ ~ mt.vuR :THANE FOAM CORE

I | I

1 �9

EXTENDED LENGTH POLLY.CAST |

Available as Plain or Steel Belted (Plain shown above)

Figure 7-1. Polly-Cast pig. (Courtesy of Knapp Polly Pig, Inc.)

Without pigging, product buildup, sediment, and slime in pipelines increases and flow capacity decreases. Eventually, the pipeline might even need to be replaced entirely. The cost of the power needed to move the prod- ucts also increases dramatically as buildup increases. Without pigs for product separation, separate pipelines would be required for different fluids. Pigs are a routine part of pipeline operations. 136

Page 141: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 7-2. Spherical pipeline pigs. (Courtesy of LTV Energy Products Company.)

Figure 7-3. Pressure pump. (Courtesy of LTV Energy Products Company.) 137

Page 142: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Pigs are placed into lines by means of a launcher and a receiver, as shown in Figures 7-4a and b. They are moved down the line by means of pressure. Both the launcher and the receiver have bolted, swinging doors to install or remove the pigs. In the case of very large diameter pigs, a rail hoist is part of both units. Pigs are usually ~/8" larger than the inside diameter of the pipeline for a good tight fit. At intersections of pipelines, Scraper Bar Tees (Figure 2- 15) are used to keep the pig in line. The pig moves right through bends and turns until it reaches the receiver. Near the end of its trip and at checkpoints on the way, the pig passes over a device known as a "pig signal," and raises

h i', ,, i L . ~ : / ~ ~ , . ~ ~i-; ~ ---- .... ~ - - ~ . .-.:

Figure ?-4A. Pipeline pig launcher. (Courtesy of Tube Turns Technologies, Inc.) 1 3 8

Page 143: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 7-4B. Pipeline pig closures. (Courtesy of Tube Turns Technologies, Inc.)

either a flag notice on a manual system or an indicating light on a panel board. (See Figure 7-5). Pigs are tracked in lines by a radioactive isotope which gives off a radio signal and can be monitored from the air, ground, or a sat- ellite tracked by an electronic transmitter.

The most common pig is the polyurethane style used for pigging lines up to 60 inches. These pigs are used for product or crude oil pipelines, chemical process piping, water systems, offshore condensate removal, and many other variations of pigging.

139

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Figure 7-5. Automated closures. (Courtesy of Tube Turns Technologies, Inc.)

A noninflatable Polly-Sphere pig (Figure 7-6) has a high-density polyurethane foam core and a hard but flex- ible outer cover. This type of sphere offers the advantage of not deflating and the pressures inside the sphere and in the line are equalized by small holes drilled in the pig. It can be used for low pressure lines as well.

Bullet-shaped pigs are made of durable foam. A spe- cial exterior surface made from plastic, in a spiral or 140

Page 145: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

ex,ble but hard polyurethane outer sphere

The KnolDp Polly-Spt'~re through the Outer .~ COnSists of 0 horcI yet flex- oliow l::~ssure eq~ tble polyurethone outer tK~n between hne I sphere with o high density and I t~t of tt~e Sl~ pOlyuretr~one loom core core. 11~us no inflot A ser,es of holes drilled required

Fioure 7-6. Polly-Sphere pig. (Courtesy of Knapp Polly Pig, Inc.)

criss-cross design imparts greater cleaning power, strength, and wearability. The nose is completely cov- ered to insure proper sealing. For extra-tough cleaning jobs, a coat of silicon carbide or abrasives can be added. Flame-hardened steel wires are bonded to the polyure- thane body of the pig (Figure 7-7) for use on long runs. The bristles are mounted at the specific angle that makes them self-sharpening. A simpler pig, the foam Sweege Pig, is made of extremely soft foam and is de- signed for temporary sweeping of lines to eliminate things such as oxides which cause red water. They are propelled by normal water pressure. A Polly-Pig of this type is shown in Figure 7-8.

141

Page 146: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Coated Super Havelina Polly Pig Super Havelina Polly Pig Havelina Polly Pig

Figure 7-7. Bullet-shaped pigs. (Courtesy of Knapp Polly Pig, Inc.)

Inexpensive Foam Sweege Pigs are now ava i lab le to temporari ly remove oxide that cause red water. The standard Sweege Foam Pig StyleV-B, is an inexpensive, ex- pendable Knapp Polly-Pig s of extremely soft foam designed specifically for temporary sweeping of a line to eliminate oxides that cause red water. The are easily inserted into water mains by hand, require no special devices, no line shut offs, and are propelled by nor- mal water pressure.

, ,

142 Figure 7-8. Foam sweege pig. (Courtesy of Knapp Polly Pig, Inc.)

Page 147: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

The diameter of Polly-Pigs is usually one and a half times the length. As a rule, ~/8" is added to the pig body size for coating. Some pigs with diameters less than 6" have mesh for internal reinforcement. Some are equipped with a rope on one or both ends for ease in handling and pulling. Dished ends add to the effective fluid removal while pointed ends are used for bi-direc- tional changes. The ends may be either shorter or longer for extreme valves or launches. They also come in either soft or hard for variations in density (Figure 7-9), which is measured in pounds per cubic foot.

Some styles of Polly-Pigs made by Knapp are de- scribed in Figure 7-10. They are color-coded by type of cover for identification and some are criss-crossed.

S,ngle SID,rOI COOt~ng IDot- tern allows greater flexlbd- ~,h,' O! the p,g for runn,ng t~ght bends "T s." valves 0."~31 vOnohons ~n O~lOe I .D

Double sD=ral coating po~ern Drov=des greater number Of cleonmng edges and makes the pig more res:stont tO teonng Th~s de'- s~gn ~s intended for longer runs where less flexibility is reclutred

Sdtcon corbtde ~mpreg- noted coohng ~s ovodoble ~n both s,ngle and double spiral patterns Th=s coot- tr~:j =s advisable when re- moving mill scale, weld slog. calcite or carbonate depos,ts, rust. or other hord or abrasive delaOslts.

Figure 7-9. Coated polly pigs. (Courtesy of Knapp Polly Pig, Inc.) 143

Page 148: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Urethane Scraper Cup specifications from 3" through 56" are described in Table 7-1. It is important to note that cups up to 14" are molded without a center hole, so you must specify the hole size required when ordering. The approximate pressures and flows required for polly pig- ging are shown in Table 7-2.

(Text continued on page 148)

STYLE TYPE DENSITY FUNCTION

8 LBS./CU. FT.

l i d

$BD (Scarlet bare durafoam)

SCC (Scarlet criss-cross)

SCC-WB (Scarlet criss-cross wire brush)

SCC-$C (Scarlet criss-cross silicon carbide)

SBD-T (Turning)

SCC-T (Turning)

SCC-WB-T (Turning)

SCC-SC-T (Turning)

RBS (Red bare squeegee)

RCC (Red criss- cross)

RCC-WB (Red criss- cross wire brush)

8 LBS./CU. FT.

8 LBS./CU. FT.

8 LBS./CU. FT.

8 LBS./CU. FT.

8 LBS./CU. FT.

8 LBS./CU. FT.

8 LBS./CU. FT.

5 LBS./CU. FT.

5 LBS./CU. FT.

5 LBS./CU. FT.

Heavy Drying Up to 200 MI

Heavy Wiping Up to 200 MI

Hjeavy Scraping p to 200 MI

Heavy Scraping Up To 200 MI

Heaviest Drying Up To 300 MI

Heaviest Wiping Up To 300 MI

Heaviest Scraping Up To 300 MI

Heaviest Scraping Up To 300 MI

Regular Drying Up To 10 MI

Regular Wiping Up To 10 MI

Regular Scraping Up To 10 MI

Figure 7-10. Polly pig styles. (Courtesy of Knapp Polly Pig, Inc.) 144

Page 149: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

STYLE

m

! m

CID

TYPE

RCC-SC (Red crias- cross silicon carbide)

RBS-T Fuming)

RCC-T (Turning)

RCC-WB-T (Turning)

RCC-SC-T (Turning)

YBS (Yellow bare swab)

YCC (Yellow criss-cross)

u (Yellow criss-cross silicon carbide)

Y ~S- ~ (Bullet)

vCC-T (Turning)

vCC.SC-T (Turning)

UNICAST

GRAY HARD SCALE

MAXI.BRUSH (UGHT WiRE)

DENSITY

5 LBS.ICU. FT.

5 LBS./CU. FT.

5 LBS.ICU. FT.

5 LBS.ICU. FT.

5 t.BS./CU. FT.

2 LBS./CU. FT.

2 LBS.ICU. FT.

2 LBS./CU. FT.

2 LBS./CU. FT.

2 LBS./CU. FT.

2 I.BS./CU. FT.

2o u~s.~cu. ~.

8 LBS./CU. FT.

8 LBS./CU. FT.

MAXI-BRUSH (HEAVY WIRE)

, ,

8 LBS./CU. FT.

FUNCTION , , ,_ ,

Regular Scraping Up To 10 MI

Longer Drying Up To 25 MI

Longer Wiping Up To 25 MI

Longer Scraping Up To 25 MI

Longer Scraping Up To 25 MI

Ught Orang Up To I MI

Ught Drying Up To I MI Light Drying Up To I MI-

Ught Drying Up To 1 MI

Light Drying Up To 3 MI

Light Drying Up To 3 MI

,

c leen ing Up To 2000 MI

Industrial Scraping Up To 300 MI

Maximum Scraping Up To 300 MI

Maximum Scraping Up To 300 MI

145

Page 150: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Table 7-1 Urethane Scraper Cups

S T A N D A R D & S T E E L B E L T E D P O L L Y . C U P |

NOM. APPX. PIPE A B C D E F G H(~ K ~ WT. SIZE =.,,, ,,, ,,,,.,,- , =.,. ,, , , ~ ~ . . . . . s . . . . . ~ = . . . . , ,~ = . . . . . , , ~ = .. . . ,,,,.,,,, = ... . . , H O L E S LBS.

3" 3.19 " 1.13 " .50 2.25 2.75 * ~ .3

4'" 4.25 ~ 1.38 " .50 3.07 3.38 ~ " .4

6" 6.13 * 1.75 ~ .50 4.25 5.25 " ~ 1.3

8'" 8.25 ~ 2.00 " .75 6.13 7.25 " * 2.6

10" 10.50 * 2.25 * .88 8.13 8.75 * * 4.8

12" 12.22 " 2.25 1.63 .88 12.07 11.50 ~ * 7.3

14" 14.25 * 2.50 1.88 .88 13.00 11.63 " ~ 8.7

16" 16.00 8.75 2.75 2.25 1.00 15.25 13.88 11.00 8 9.9

18" 18.00 10.88 3.00 2.38 1.00 17.25 16.00 12.75 8 12.2

20" 20.25 10.88 3.50 2.63 1.25 19.00 17.25 13.50 12 18.6

22" t t t t t t t t t 24.4

24"' 24.25 14.13 4.00 2.88 1.50 23.25 21.63 16.50 14 29.8

26" t t t t t t t t t 34.8

28" t t t t t t t t t 51.0

30" 30.25 16.13 4.38 3.00 1.88 29.50 26.25 19.50 16 57.5

32" t t t t t t t t t 74.0

34"' t t t t t t t t t 77.0

36" 36.25 22.13 4.38 3.00 1.88 35.88 33.25 25.00 22 80.8

40" 40.25 22.13 5.00 3.25 2.00 38.50 35.75 26.00 24 100.0

42"' 42.25 24.13 5.50 3.38 2.00 T t t 24 105.0

48" 48.25 32.13 s 3.50 2.00 4EO0 44.50 36.00 24 144.0 56" 5E25

| 1 I PLAIN POLL Y-CUP P'

2] , i | } _ l

111 | 1I ' l i

| ,

(Courtesy Knapp Polly Pig, Inc.)

146

Page 151: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

~ ~

~ ~

~ ~

~ ~

~ ~

0

"~|

~ ~

~

~~

~LL

i

= N

~.X

,<

0 ~

0

cO

0 '~0

0,I

~0

o

o

'~1" ~--

I~

i'~

~'

~"

'~"

I~

I~

r~

~E

EE

EE

EE

EeE

EE

EE

EeE

E~

~

SN

SN

S~

~~

88

NS

N~

u

~ ~

~o

~o

~o

~o

~o

~~

o~

~

~

Z

~

ON

NN

~N

bN

N~

Nb

NN

~b

~b

~

Z ~

~ ~

~ ~

~ ~

~ ~

~ ~

~ ~

Page 152: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

(Text continued from page 144)

Pigs should be stored indoors where possible, on their ends and sorted by size and style. Staples, pins, or other sharp objects should not be used to attach tags or bar codes. An easily removable self-adhesive bar code tag is recommended instead.

148

Page 153: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

8

MATERIALS HANDLING TIPS

Tallying Pipes

The lengths of pipes received must be verified by tally- ing or measuring each joint. It requires up to three persons to handle and read the tape, and the third person to record the measurements on a tally sheet. See Figure 8-1.

Step 1. Attach a bar code description to the tally sheet, and write a brief description of the pipe on the sheet.

Step 2. Place 1-in. thick boards across the center of the stack of pipe to prevent the tape from falling between the joints and breaking. If the third helper is present, have that person hold the tape in the center of the joints. If the tape sticks between the joints, either pry apart or lift the nearest joint to the tape.

A typical tape is shown in Figure 8-2, the magnified ver- sion of an engineer's steel tape divided into ten units to the foot, and is read as a decimal, as if it were dollars and cents.

149

Page 154: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Order or Transfer No.

Project Number Pipe Tally Date

Ship Ship To From Via

Description

Condition

(Truck--Barge---Boat)

Measurements made with [ ] Decimal tape [] Meters-Centimeters Tape [ ] Tenths

Joint Feet Tenths Feet Hndths Feet Hndths Feet Hndths Feet Hndths Feet Hndths Feet Hndths No. or or or or or or or or or or or or

Meters Cent Meters Cent Meters Cent Meters Cent Meters Cent Meters Cent 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13 ....

14

15

TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL

Feet]Meters Hndths/Cent

Remarks Total Footage I

Figure 8-1. Pipe tally sheet.

150

Page 155: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Figure 8-2. Engineer's tape and board for preventing it from falling between pipe.

Step 3. One helper holds the heel of the tape (see Figure 8-3) to the end of a joint. The second helper holds the tape on top of the joint about the center. The third helper stretches the tape tightly to the other end of the joint for the reading, calls it out to the recorder, and then places a chalk mark on each joint as it is tallied. As each layer of pipe is tallied, a physical count of the joints is made, and the numbers verified with those recorded on the tally sheet. Each joint could be numbered with a paint stick just inside the ends for future reference. (See Figure 8-4.) Indi- vidual bar code descriptions can also be applied inside each joint. It will not be necessary to re-tally joints on future moves.

Step 4. Pipe stored on pipe racks should be marked with job number, purchase order number, size, schedule/wall thickness, and the actual length. (See Figure 8-5.)

The outer edge of each layer of pipe should indicate total footage, number of joints in the layer, total footage in the layer, length of the joint, size-weight per foot, sched- ule, and the pipe rack number for location purposes.

151

Page 156: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

PLAIN END PIPE

Measure to the outer edge of the joint and then call out the reading to the recorder.

HEEL

against the end of the joint.

, i �9 I . , . I I . , . I . , . 2 i . , . I . , . 31"

LEATHER STRAPS

Example "40.50"

It is not necessary to call out feet and inches.

Figure 8-3. Tape and method for measuring pipe joint.

Paint st ick mark as joint #37.

Figure 8-4. Each joint should be numbered just inside the ends.

152

Page 157: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Purchase order number 2. Total joints per layer 3. Total footage per layer

4. Length of this joint 5. Size, weight, schedule 6. Pipe rack number

Figure 8-5. Identification of pipe stored on racks.

Step 5. Threaded and coupled line pipe is tallied in over- all lengths, including the coupling and the threads. This rule also applies to oilwell tubing, casing and drill pipes in storage. It is not necessary to remove pipe thread protec- tors during a pipe tally at the warehouse or dockside (see Figure 8-6).

Step 6. When issuing pipe, always send an extra amount, never less than requested. Record the length and joint number on the tally sheet, and verify accuracy. Do not store mixed pipe schedules or types on the same rack.

I i

t

Figure 8-6. Measure entire length of threaded and coupled pipe.

153

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Marking Fabricated Pipe Spools

When the same pipe, flanges, and fittings that you may have issued from the warehouse return from welding fabri- cation for storage, a special piece mark is applied to mark these spool pieces for later erection into process flow lines. Following Figure 8-7 shows a typical spool piece marking procedure. Digital camera photos are helpful to locate these pieces later for issue to the piping group. Weatherproof bar coding markers should be used during storage to identify.

Warehouse Layout Tips

Very few fancy warehouses may exist at construction sites. Most are along a road side, out of the way of the project, with minimal shelter. However, you must consider several factors when planning the initial layout of a ware- house or outside storage area:

1. Similarity of materials: Store like items together when practicable.

2. Popularity: Save steps by storing fast-moving stock nearest the major work area.

3. Size and weight: Keep heavy items low for safety pur- poses; store lightweight stackable items on top of bins. Gaskets should be stored flat, not on pegs or stuffed into bins or sacks.

154

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Page 160: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Vendor Data

Invariably vendor data will arrive at a warehouse with materials despite all efforts to have it shipped as a sepa- rate item on the purchase order. Vendor data is to projects what the instructions, parts lists, and safety warnings are to any appliance or tool you buy at a hardware store. Pro- ject vendor data will later be assembled into project binders of operating instructions by the project manager group. This data and data such as material test certificates on pipe flanges and fittings are very important, and should not be discarded or filed away, but delivered to the project manager.

Storing Materials Inside/Outside

Threaded and socketweld items and all fittings under 12-in. are always warehoused. Other fittings, 12-in. and larger, may be stored outside, but never directly on the ground. Decking or docks may be anything from a pallet, skid, a sheet of plywood, or heavy timbers, so long as the material is off the ground.

Pipe should be stacked on runners made from other pipe or what is available. Long pipe should have a center runner. Try not to store pipe in a tr iangular nesting, because space can be saved by stacking straight up with the aid of cleated dunnage between the tiers. Always con- sider safety as the most important factor in storage of materials.

156

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APPENDIX A

PIPING ABBREVIATIONS

API

ASA

Asb

ANSI

ASME

ASTM

American Pe- AWWA American Wa- troleum Insti- ter Works As- tute sociation American BE Beveled end Standards As- BW Buttweld sociation BBE Bevel both Asbestos ends (gaskets) Bbl Barrel American Na- Bdr Bleed ring tional Stan- Bfy Butterfly dards Insti- (valve) tute, Inc. Bid Blind (flange) The American BLE Bevel large Society of Me- end chanical Engi- BIk Black (pipe) neers BOE Bevel one end The American BOM Bill of materi- Society for als Testing and BOP Bottom of Materials pipe

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Page 162: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Brz BSE

CI Cm CS

Cu CW Chk Cpl

CSC

Csg CSO Csw

CWO

CWP

Conc DI

D&T

D&W

DES

Dia. Dim.

158

Bronze (valve) Bevel small end

Cast iron Centimeter Cast Steel, carbon steel, cap screw Cubic Chain wheel Check (valve) Coupling Car seal closed

Casing Car seal open Concentric swage Chain wheel operator Cold water pressure Concentric

Ductile iron Drill & Tap

Doped & Wrapped (pipe) Double extra strong Diameter Dimension

Ditto

DSAW

Dwg #

Ea. El

Ecc Ell

Eol ERW

Esw

EUE

Ex. hvy Ex. stg

Exp jt

Elec F&D

FE

FF F/F FS Ft

Do not use this term. Double sub- merged Arc Welded (pipe) Drawing Num- ber Each Elevation (on drawing) Eccentric Elbow Elbolet ~ Electric Resis- tance Weld (pipe) Eccentric Swage External upset ends Extra heavy Extra strong Expansion joint Electrical Faced and drilled (flange) Flanged ends/ Flow element Flat/Full face Face of flange Forged steel Feet/Foot

Page 163: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

FW

FAB

FAS

Fem Fig

Fig. FOB FSD FSU Flex

Flgd GG GJ

Gal GIb Gsk Galv

HN Hdr Hex

Hvy ID

IPS

Field weld/ Firewater Fabricate/Fab- ricator Free along side Female (ends) Figure (num- ber) Flange Free on board Flat side down Flat side up Flexitallic (gasket brand name) Flanged Gauge glass Ground joint (union) Gallon Globe (valve) Gasket Galvanized Heat number Header Six-sided head, bolt, plug, etc. Heavy Inside diame- ter Iron pipe size

ISO

IUE

IS&Y

IBBM

Insl Jt (s)

JW Jkscr

Lb (s), #

Lg

LJ

LP LR

LLC

LOL Latl

Lin Ft M

MI Mk

Isometric (drawing) Internal upset ends Inside screw & yoke (valve) Iron body bronze mounted (valve) Insulation Jt. (Joints) Jacket water Jack screw Pound (s) #symbol for pounds Length, long, level gauge Lap joint (flange) Line pipe Long radius Liquid level controller Latrolet ~ Lateral Linear feet Meter/one thousand Malleable iron Mark (spool piece)

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Page 164: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

MM M&F

Max

Mfg Min

Misc

MRR

MSS

MTO

NC

No or # NU

Nip NPS

NPT

160

Millimeter Male & Fe- male (ends) Maximum (a warehouse stocking level) Manufacturer Minimum (a warehouse stocking level) Miscellaneous (schedules of pipe) Materials re- ceiving report Manufacturers Standards So- ciety of the Valve and Fit- tings Industry Material Take- off (from drawings) Normally closed Number Non-upset (ends) Nipple (pipe) Nominal pipe size Nominal pipe thread

OD

Oz Orf

OS&D

OS&Y

Pc

PE PI

PO #

Pr PS PW

PBE

Pdl

PLE

Pit POE PSE

Outside diam- eter Ounce Orifice Over short & damage (re- port) Outside screw & yoke (valve) Piece (mark for spool pieces) Plain ends Pressure indi- cator (valves & gauge as- sembly) Purchase or- der or number Pair of items Pipe support Potable water Plain both ends Paddle (a blind plate be- tween flanges) Plain large end Plate (steel) Plain one end Plain small end

Page 165: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

psi

PVF

PSV

Press psig

Qty RF RR

RS

Rad Red

RPM

RTE Rtg RTJ

Rdcr Rec'd

Req'd

Reqn SC

Pounds per square inch Pipe, valves and fittings Pressure safety (relief) valve Pressure Pounds-force square inch, gauge Quantity Raised face Red rubber (gasket type) Rising stem (valve) Radius Reducer Revolutions per minute Reducing tee Rating Ring type joint (flange facing) Reducer Received (ma- terials) Required (ma- terials) Requisition Sample con- nection

SE SO

Sq

SR

SS SW

S/40

Sch

Sdl

SOL SRL

Std

Stl Stm Sub

Swg

SWP

Skt Bid

Screwed ends Slip-on (flange) Square feet, yards, etc. Short radius, stress relieve Stainless steel Socket weld Schedule 40 (of pipe or fit- tings) Schedule (of pipe or fit- tings) Saddle (pipe)

Sockolet ~ Short radius ell Standard (a pipe or fitting schedule) Steel Steam Short length of pipe or rod

Swage nipple

Safe working pressure Skillet blind (plate be- tween flanges)

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Page 166: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

Spl Sht

Scrd

Smls Spec

bid

TI

TW

T&C

T&G

Tbg Thk TLE

TOE

Spool sheet TOL (from isomet- TSE ric drawing) Screwed Typ (ends) Seamless

Thr'd Spectacle Un blind (plate Va between Vac flanges) Vol Temperature Wd indicator WE Thermometer WI well WN

Threaded & WP coupled

Tongue & WT groove (flange facing) WOL Tubing XR Thick Thread large XS end XXS Thread one end Yd

Thredolet | Thread small end Typical (re- peat the same item) Threaded Union Valve Vacuum Volume Width/Wide Weld end Wrought iron Weldneck (flange) Working pres- sure Wall thick- ness/weight Weldolet ~ X-ray (at pipe welds) Extra strong Double extra strong Yard

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Page 167: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

r

APPENDIX B

USEFUL FORMULAS

For freight: Cubic Feet = He igh t ( in.) x Wid th (in.) x Length (in.) + 1,728

2000 pounds = Short ton 2240 pounds = Long ton 40 cubic feet = Measurement ton

Metric ton = 1.1 tons

For concrete: Length (ft) x Width (ft) x Height (ft) + 27 = Cubic yards

Miscellaneous Factors:

12 inches = 1-foot 2.54 centimeters = 1 inch

144 inches = 1 square foot 10.764 square feet = 1 square meter

3 fee t = 1yard 9 square feet = 1 square yard

3.2808 feet = 1 meter 1728 inches = 1 cubic foot

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Page 168: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard 0.62137 miles - 1 kilometer

1 mile = 63,360 inches, 5,280 feet, 1760 yards

1 acre = 43,560 square feet 16ounces = 1pound

0.45359 kilograms = 1 pound

Conver t ing English and Metric Units.

Reading and Convert ing English and Metric Units

English: (Inches are equal ly divided into 16 parts of 1/16")

1/16" = 0.625" 1Is" = 2/16" = 0.125" 1/4" = 2/8" = 0.25"

~ 1 / 2 " = 2-/4" = 4/8" ~ 1 " =2/2" =4/4"

= 8 h 6 " = 0.5" =8/8" = 1.0"

Example:

6" + 1/4" 4" l h 6 " = 6" + "hs" + l h 8 " = 65/16"

L Metric" (Cent imeters are equal ly divided into ten parts of 1 mil l imeter)

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Page 169: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

l c m = l O m m = .01m

l m m = 0.1cm = O.O01m

Example:

14cm + 4mm = 14.4cm = 144m

Engl ish to Metr ic Convers ions:

1 ' = 30.48cm

1" = 2 .54cm

V2" = 12 .7mm 1/4" = 6 .35mm

~/8" = 3 . 1 7 5 m m

~h6" = 1.588mm

Metr ic to Engl ish Convers ions:

1 cm = 0 .39"

0 .5cm = 0 .195"

l m m = 0 .039"

Courtesy of Abby Dawkins, West Hartford, CT.

165

Page 170: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

INDEX

Abbreviations, piping, 149-154 API materials

API and ANSI compared, 83-84

API monogram, 85, 92, 101-102

assembly part number, 85 bore and tubular sizes,

83-85 calculations

bolt lengths for 6B and 6BX flanges, 94-95

bolt point heights, 94-95 clamp-type connectors,

84-85, 98-101 bolt torque, 100 clamp numbers, 99-100 clamp weights, 99-100 hubs, 98-99

nut sizes, 99-100 spherical facing, 99 spherical washer, 99, 100 wrench sizes, 99-100

dual completion flanges, 5,000-1b psi, 95-96

integral 6BX 5,000-1b psi, 90 10,000-1b psi, 91 15,000-1b psi, 91 20,000-1b psi, 92

multiple completion flanges 5,000-1b psi, 95-97

ring gaskets for API flanges care of, 103 interchange, 93, 101-102 markings, 102

types of gaskets combination, 101

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Page 171: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

oval and octagonal, 101-102

R, RX, BX, 99, 101-102 transition piece, 92-93 tubular goods sizes, 83-85,

87, 131 type 6B flanges

2,000-1b psi, 87, 93-95 3,000-1b psi, 87, 89, 91,103 5,000-1b psi, 88, 93-95

type 6BX flanges 10,000-1b psi, 89, 91,103 15,000-1b psi, 87, 89,

91,103 20,000-1b psi, 97, 90, 92,

103 integral, 90-92 weldneck, 86-87, 89, 93

Bar codes identifying pigs, 148 identifying pipes, 122

Bolts ANSI, 19 circle, 16-17 hole size, 16-18 machine, 23 markings, 19 plating, 19 polylock, 15 storing bolts, 19

stud with nuts, 24-26 wrench sizes, 24-26

Buttweld fittings ANSI, 41 backing rings, 56-57 caps, 44-52 control heat number 41-42 crosses, 47, 49-50 dimensions of fittings, 42,

44-45 elbows

37 o, 46 45 ~ 44, 46 90 ~ long radius, 41-42, 44 double branch, 48 mixed schedules, 5 reducing, 43-44 side outlet, 48 street, 48

laterals, 49, 53 pipe saddle, 52-53 reducers

concentric, 50, 55 eccentric, 45, 50

returns, 44, 46-47 stub ends, 7, 44, 51

Buttweld fittings (continued) stub-in, 51 taper boring, 55 tees

barred, 54

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Page 172: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

reducing, 47-49 service, 48 side outlet, 49 true wye, 48

types of fittings, 41, 55

Color codes and markings, 80, 122-123

Docks and pallets, 13 Duct tape, 15 Dunnage, 13, 78-80, 114

Fabricated pipe spools, 154 Flange protectors,

14-15, 124 Flanges, refinery type

ANSI, 1, 83-84 blind, 3, 10 bore markings, 4, 6, 16-17 care of face, 5, 14 counter bore, 7-8 damage to, 14-15 descriptions, 14 dimensions, 15-17 flange bores, 6-18 flanges by ratings

150-2,500-1b raised face, 16-17, 23-30

150-2,500-1b ring type, 31-37

heat code or batch number, 4,6,14

hub thickness, 10 identifying markings, 1,4, 14 insulation sets, 133 jack screws, 11 lap joint, 2, 7-8 long weldneck, 10-11 miscellaneous flanges,

10-12 orifice, 11-12 oval ring gaskets, 31-37 raised face, 4-6, 14, 16-17 ratings, 1, 4, 14, 16-17 raw materials used, 6 reducing, 9 reducing slip-on, 3 ring-type joint, 6 shipping, 14, 109 shoulder, 8 slip-on, 2, 7-8, 16-17 socket weld, 3, 6-7 storing flanges, 13 trademarks, 4, 14 threaded, 2, 7, 16-17 threaded reducing, 10 twin flanges, 7 weldneck, 2, 4, 6-7, 14,

16-17 Formulas, 163-165

concrete conversions, 163

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Page 173: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

English to metric conversions, 164-165

factors, miscellaneous, 163-164

freight conversions, 163

Gasket storage, 155 Gauge, dimensional

for bolting, 22 Gaskets for raised or flat-faced

flanges asbestos, 132 red rubber, 132 spiral wound, 132 storage of, 133

Line service temperatures materials for use in, 38-39

Material control bar codes, 122 bin boxes, 65 commodity codes, 13 over, short, damage, 12 purchase orders, 80 receiving materials, 1, 80

Materials handling, 149ff Metering device, 11-12

Olet branch connections couplets, 64-65

dimensions, 58-59, 63 elbolets, 61-63 flatolets, 63 interchange charts, 57-58 inventory of, 59 latrolets, 64-65 nipolets, 64-65 reducing inserts, 64-65 run sizes, 58-59 sockolets, 58-59, 61-62 storage of, 65 thredolets, 58-60, 62 weldolets, 58-60, 62

Pigs bullet-shaped, 142 definition of, 135 displacement pump for,

135, 137 Foam Sweege Pig,

141,142 launcher, 138 Polly Sphere | (see Pigs,

spherical) Polly-Cast | 135, 137 polly-cups, 146

Pigs (continued) polyurethane style (polly-

pigs), 139, 143, 144-145

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Page 174: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

pressures required for polly- pigging, 147

rail hoists for, 138 Scraper Bar Tees, 54, 138 scrapers, 54, 138 signal, 138 spherical, 135, 137, 141 storing, 148

Pipe, standard carbon steels bundling schedule, 76-77 calculations, weight per foot,

81-82 dimensions, 66-74 markings, 76-80 manufacturing process

continuous weld, 75-76 double submerged arc

weld, 75 electric weld, 75 seamless, 75

matching thickness, 6 measuring (tally) pipe,

8-81,149 nominal size, wall, 1,4, 6 outside diameter, 1,81 pipe piece (fabricated), 14 racks for pipe, 78-80,

114, 151 random pipe lengths, 74, 149 schedules, 16-18, 66-74 specifications for pipe

API 5L, 78

ASTM A-53, 76 ASTM A-106, 77 ASTM A-120, 76

spools, marking, 153 storage of pipe, 78-80 tallying, 149

Piping abbreviations, 157-162 Pressure vessels, 1, 10 Protecting fittings, 54-55

Screwed and socketweld fittings

bushings flush, 129 hex head, 129

caps, 129 classes of, 129 couplings

full, 129 half, 129 reducing, 129

elbows 45 ~ 128 90 ~ 128 street, 128

lateral, 128 malleable iron, 127 pipe nipples

all-thread, 129-130 close, 129 shoulder nipple, 130 storage of nipples, 130

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Page 175: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

plugs bull, 131 female bull, 131 hex head, 131 round head, 129 square head, 129

swage nipple, 130 tubing nipples

pup joint, 131 sub-tubing, 130

unions ground joint, 127 hammer or wing, 132

Spools, marking, 153 Stainless steel

caps, 105-106, 112 care of pipe, 114 crosses, 105-107, 111 elbows

45 ~ 105-106, 110 90~ radius, 105-106,

108, 110 reducing, 110

flanges, 19, 113 marking, 108-109, 122-123

pipe schedules, 114-117 reducers

concentric, 106-107, 112 eccentric, 106-107, 112

returns, 105-112 stub ends, 105, 107, 109,

113, 118-119 tees

reducing, 106-107, 111 straight, 105-107, 111

test procedures alloy separator, 124 chemical, 123-124 identification, 122-123 magnet, 123 other tests, 124-125

Storage, 156

Tallying pipes, 149

Vendor data, 155

Wall thickness, 6ff Warehouse layout tips, 155

171

Page 176: pocket guide to flanges, fittings, and piping data

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

R. R. Lee is the vice-president/owner of Lee's Material Services, Inc. in Houston, Texas, which received the pres- tigious Presidential "E" Award for excellence in export. Mr. Lee's 35 years' experience includes serving as material takeoff section leader with McDermott Engineering, pur- chasing agent, material/inventory control supervisor, and specialist/manager with Brown & Root International, Texa- co, and Oasis Oil Company of Libya.

172


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