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Poland: Past and Present http://info-poland.buffalo.eduhttp://info-poland.icm.edu.pl
Poland is located in Europe’s Center
Note: in the east Europe stretches to the Ural mountains, which are off
the map
Poland: Past and Present
Notes: “located in Europe’s Center“ is literally true. If one draws one straight line from the Norway’s North Shore (Europe’ furthest northern point) – to Cyprus, (its farthest point south) and a second straight line from Portugal’s to the Ural Mountains that separate Europe from Asia (not shown on this map) the two lines cross in Poland.
Poland: Past and Present
The country is bordered by
the Baltic Sea to the North
and the Carpathian
Mountains to the South
Poland: Past and Present
The highest Carpathian Mountains, the Tatras, rise above the resort town of Zakopane and are belowed by the Poles.
Poland: Past and Present
Warsaw, the country’s capital for the last 500 years, is a bustling modern metoropolis studded
with skyscrapers but also possessing many palaces and an Old Town.
Poland: Past and Present
During WWII Warsaw was 98% destroyed, but it has since been completely rebuilt An exception is the monument to the unknown soldier which is located
in a piece of a collonade that had formed part of a royal palace.
Poland: Past and Present
Poland is a fertile land and agriculture dominates
much of the countryside
Poland: Past and PresentHistorical timelines
966 – Mieszko I accepts Christianity on behalf of the Nation: History begins
1374, September 17 – In Kosice, King Louis I pledges to the Polish Nobility no Royal imposition of taxes without consent; integrity of the Nation’s territory ...
1505, May 3 – In Radom, the Nihil Novi Constitution adopted by Sejm and Senate. No introduction of new laws without consent of both Seim and Senate
Poland: Past and Present
Jagiellonian
Poland-Lithuania
In 1466
Poland: Past and Present
1573, 28 February – The Seym (parliament) meeting as the Confederation of Warsaw assures the practice of any religion without discrimination or penalty
1573, 4 April to 20 May – Election of King and his signing the Pacta Conventa promising not to declare war, raise an army, levy taxes without consent of Seym
1791, 3 May – Enactment of Europe’s first written Constitution
Poland: Past and Present
Poland 1918 - 1939
Poland in 1772
Poland since 1945
Poland: Past and Present
Confederation of Bar – 29 February 1768 – aimed at Russian garrisons (Pulaski)
Kosciuszko Uprising – March 24, 1794 – Krakow - For liberty, integrity, and sovereignty
November Uprising – November 30, 1930 – Warsaw - For independence
January Uprising – January 22, 1863 – Warsaw -For independence
Wielkopolskie Uprising – December 27, 1918 – Poznan – to free Wielkoposka
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising – April 1943 – To perish with dignity
Warsaw Uprising – August 1, 1944 – To liberate city in advance of Red Army
Poznan Demonstration – June 28, 1956 – For truth, freedom and bread
Gdansk Events – December 12-22, 1970 – For bread …
Poland: Past and Present
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising – April 1943 – To perish with dignity
Warsaw Uprising – August 1, 1944 – To liberate city in advance of Red Army
Poznan Demonstration – June 28, 1956 – For truth, freedom and bread
Gdansk Events – December 12-22, 1970 – For bread …
Poland: Past and Present
Religious faiths of the Polish
Commonwealth in 1772
Today 95% of Poles are Roman Catholics
Poland: Past and Present
A map of the 2nd Polish Republic
as re-established in 1918
Showing the % of the population
who was Jewish in towns (bold) and provinces.
The Nazis murdered most of
that population during WWII
Poland: Past and Present
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising – April 1943 – To perish with dignity
Warsaw Uprising – August 1, 1944 – To liberate city in advance of Red Army
Poznan Demonstration – June 28, 1956 – For truth, freedom and bread
Gdansk Events – December 12-22, 1970 – For bread …
Poland: Past and Present
At the end of WWII Poland found itself consigned to the Soviet zone of influence and a was imposed a communist government. The elevation of Cardinal Wojtyla of Krakow in 1978 to the Papacy as John Paul II and his pastoral visits to Poland gave the nation courage
Poland: Past and Present
In 1980, the workers at the shipyards in Gdansk, led by an electrician by name Lech Walesa, went on strike and won the right to form a independent (non-communist) union: “Solidarity”
Poland: Past and PresentProf. Peter K. Gessner
http://info-poland.buffalo.edu
Soon the Soldarnosc had over 10 million members and the communist government felt threatened.
On December 13, 1981, Gen. Jaruzelski, the head of the government declared matrial law and interned Lech Walesa and thousands of other Solidarity members.
Poland: Past and Present
The Tables are turned:
December 22, 1990
Lech Walesa having won a landslide election is sworn is as Poland’s
first post WWII non communist President
Poland: Past and Present
Aleksander Kwasniewski
Poland’s President 1995 - 2005
March 12, 1999: Poland accedes to NATO May 1, 2004: Poland accedes to the European Union
Poland: Past and Present
Jaroslaw and Lech Kaczynski, respectivelyPoland’s current Primeminister and President
Poland: Past and PresentProf. Peter K. Gessner
http://info-poland.buffalo.edu
Poland: Past and Present
As of 6/22/05 info-poland is also available on the website of Warsaw University’s Mathematical and Computer Modeling Center