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ENVIRONMENTAL

POLICIES INBRAZIL

BY- NEHA YADAV

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ABOUT BRAZIL: Worlds 5 th

largest country.

High Biodiversity.

Rich in Flora and Fauna.

Moderate rainfall.

Amazon and its 1100 tributaries contain an estimated

20% of the world's fresh water.

Samba is their main dance form.

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Environmental Policies regarding :

Deforestation.

Climate change- 8 th largest emittor of greenhouse gases.

Energy

Water Pollution.

Waste management. Destruction of Flora and Fauna.

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Brazilian EnvironmentalPolicy (1981)

Ministry in charge Brazilian ministry ofenvironment.

Strict liability on industries. Promoting the use of sustainable naturalresources.

Environmental licensing became a legal

obligation. Use of command and control system i.e. use ofdirect force such as fines and jail terms.

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National Plan on ClimateChange 2008

increasing energy efficiency leading to a decreasein electricity consumption by 10 per cent in 2030,compared to current levels

Maintaining a high proportion of Brazils electricitysupply from renewable sources (Brazil sourcedabout 77 per cent of its electricity from renewablesources, mainly hydropower, in 2007). Overall,about 45 per cent of its energy comes fromrenewable sources

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Share of renewable energy ontotal energy supply in Brazil.

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CO2 emissions from energy use in Brazil

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Electricity Conservation

National Electricity Conservation Program known as PROCEL was launched in1985.

Under the aegis of PROCEL, electricity savings resulted mainly from:(1) increasing the energy efficiency of refrigerators and freezers

through testing, labeling, and voluntary agreements withmanufacturers.(2) increasing the efficiency of motors through testing, labeling, and

R&D projects(3) increasing the market for energy-efficient lighting technologies such

as high-pressure sodium and compact fluorescent lamps(4) reducing electricity waste in industry through audits, workshops,

and information dissemination; and(5) installing meters in previously unmetered households

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WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTIONCONTROL PROJECT

roject Details

Approval Date 02-JUL-1992

Closing Date 31-DEC-2002

Total Project Cost 606 US $ million

Major Sector (Sector)(%)

Water, sanitation and flood protection (General water,sanitation and flood protection sector) (74%)

Public Administration, Law, and Justice (Sub-national

government administration) (9%)Transportation (Roads and highways) (7%)

Agriculture, fishing, and forestry (General agriculture, fishingand forestry sector) (7%)

Health and other social services (Other social services) (3%)

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The National Solid Waste Policy, 2010

Environmental licenses - any company wanting touse environmental resources should haveenvironmental license issued by Brazils NationalEnvironmental System (SISNAMA).

Urban Cleaning - specialized companies to handlecollection, sorting and street cleaning services.

- daily street

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Landfills - clean development mechanism (CDM)projects have been approved to collect the gasesproduced on-site.

For example, at a landfill in Nova Iguau, meth

is being collected and converted into electricity. Thisprocess is expected to eliminate 2.5 million tons ofcarbon dioxide emissions by 2012, according to theWorld Bank.

Recycling - CEMPRE, anonprofit organization that

promotes recycling and wasteelimination.

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Trends in deforestation rate inthe Amazon

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Deforestation Rate

Year Deforestation [sq km] Change [%]1988 21,050

1989 17,770 -16%

1990 13,730 -23%

1991 11,030 -20%1992 13,786 25%

1993 14,896 8%

1994 14,896 0%

1995 29,059 95%1996 18,161 -38%

1997 13,227 -27%

1998 17,383 31%

1999 17,259 -1%

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2000 18,226 6%

2001 18,165 0%

2002 21,651 17%2003 25,396 19%

2004 27,772 9%

2005 19,014 -31%

2006 14,285 -49%

2007 11,651 -18%

2008 12,911 11%

2009 7,464 -42%

2010 7,000 -6%

2011 6,238 -11%

Source: INPE data

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