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Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Policies on CSR in Europe: A new “Government Contribution to Sustainable Development”
Reinhard Steurer
RIMAS - Research Institute for Managing SustainabilityVienna University of Economics and Business Administration
www.sustainability.eu
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. CSR and Sustainable DevelpomentConceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Instrument and topics
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR and the EU SDS
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. CSR and Sustainable DevelpomentConceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Instruments and topics
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR and the EU SDS
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Recent projects on SD
• “European Environment” special issue on SD Strategies in Europe
• ESDN (European Sustainable Development Network) Office www.sd-network.eu (financed by 8 European countries)
Recent projects on CSR
• Policies on CSR in Europe (City of Vienna)
• Corporate Sustainability and CSR in Western and CEE Europe (Austrian National Bank)
• Analysis of national policies on CSR -- www.sustainability.eu/csr-policies for EU CSR High Level Group (DG Employment)
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. CSR and Sustainable DevelpomentConceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Instruments and topics
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR and the EU SDS
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
CSR and SD: Similarities
1. Normative assumptions are at the core of both SD and CSR/stakeholder management
2. Integratingenvironmental and social aspects into economic policies/strategies is key for SD and CSR (triple bottom line)
3. Participationin the societal context of SD is mirrored by stakeholder management in the context of CSR
Source: Steurer, R et al (2005): Corporations, Stakeholders and Sustainable Development: A Theoretical Exploration of Business-Society Relations, in: Journal of Business Ethics, 61/3, 263-281.
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
CSR and SD: Differences
1. HistorySD comes from the environmental, CSR from the social dimension
2. Institutional affiliationSD still located in Environment, CSR in Social Ministries
3. Time horizonSD focuses on future generations, CSR on present stakeholders
4. ScopeSD is a societal concept, CSR a management approach
Source: Steurer, R et al (2005): Corporations, Stakeholders and Sustainable Development: A Theoretical Exploration of Business-Society Relations, in: Journal of Business Ethics, 61/3, 263-281.
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Sustainable Development
Corporate Sustainability
Environm
ental dimension
Economic dimension
Soci
al d
imen
sion
CSR
SRMSRM
Societal Concept
Management Approach
Corporate Concept
Management Systems
Starting Point of conceptual development
Stakeholder Relations Management (SRM)
Level of specification
SR
M
ISO …
Source: Steurer, R et al (2005), Journal of Business Ethics, 61/3, 263-281.
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Preliminary conclusions
„CSR is a business contribution to SD” (European Commission 2001)
Since CSR re-defines state-business and business-society relations, shaping the concept and respective activities also concerns governments and civil society
CSR policies are a new „government contribution to SD“ that complements (or compensates for the lack of) traditional social and environmental policies
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. CSR and Sustainable DevelpomentConceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Instrument and topics
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR and the EU SDS
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
CSR policy instruments
1. Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings
2. Partnering instruments: Agreements, networks, PPPs, dialogues
3. Financial or economic instruments: Subsidies, grants, prices/awards
4. Legal (mandating) instruments:Laws, regulations, decrees
5. „Hybrid instruments“Strategies, action plans, platforms, centres
Source: Fox T, Ward H, Howard B. 2002; World Bank; http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdf/full/16014IIED.pdf
CSR policies study on awareness raising, see www.sustinability.eu/csr-policies
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Character of policy instruments in general
1. Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings
2. Partnering instruments: Agreements, networks, PPPs, dialogues
3. Financial or economic instruments:
Subsidies, grants, prices/awards
4. Legal (mandating) instruments: Laws, regulations, decrees
5. „Hybrid instruments“
Strategies, action plans, platforms, centres
New governance and “soft-law
approach”
Regulatory approach
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Character of CSR policy instruments
1. Informational or endorsing instruments:Campaigns, guidelines, trainings
2. Partnering instruments: Agreements, networks, PPPs, dialogues
3. Financial or economic instruments: Subsidies, grants, prices/awards
4. Legal (mandating) instruments: Laws, regulations, decrees
5. „Hybrid instruments“
Strategies, action plans, platforms, centres
New governance and “soft-law
approach”
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. CSR and Sustainable DevelpomentConceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Instrument and topics
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR and the EU SDS
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Not traditional social and environmental regulations, but
Raise awareness for CSR
Increase disclosure & transparency
Foster Socially Responsible Investment
Make Public Procurement sustainable
Help develop management and audit tools
Key topics of CSR policies
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
1. Raise awareness for CSR
2. Increase disclosure & transparency
3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment
4. Make Public Procurement sustainable
5. Help develop management and audit tools
Topics covered in study for DG Employment
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. CSR and Sustainable DevelpomentConceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Topics and policy tools
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR and the EU SDS
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
CSR awareness raising initiatives in Europe
1. RationaleBecause CSR activities require awareness among businesses and stakeholders, promoting CSR is key to its success
2. Research method24 telephone interviews, 20 EU Member States covered
3. Number of initiatives surveyed85 from 4 out of 5 categories
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Overview of CSR awareness raising instrumentsOverview of CSR awareness raising instruments
Education activities, e.g. conferences, seminars,
trainings; 17.7%
Government-sponsored guidelines; 10.6%
Information resources, e.g. website, studies, reports etc.; 10.6%
Information/awareness raising campaigns; 9.4%
Networks/partnerships/ agreements; 10.6%
Multi-stakeholder fora; 4.8%
Prices and awards (CSR audits/labels); 8.2%
Economic incentives (loans, grants,
subsidies); 3.5%
Action plans/ programmes/strategy for
CSR; 9.4%
Institutions: platforms/ centres; 8.2%
Others; 7.0%
Informational or endorsing instruments
Partnering instruments
Financial or economic instruments
Hybrid tools and others
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Target groups of CSR awareness raisingTarget groups of CSR awareness raising
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Companies; 40.3%
Young people; 1.6%
Business/industry sectors; 1.6%
Universities/schools; 6.2%
Consumers/consumer organizations/general
public; 7%
Ministries/governmental officials; 7.6%
Trade unions/social partners; 8.5%
NGOs; 10.1%
SMEs; 12.4%
Employees; 1.6%
Others; 3.1%
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Target groups of CSR awareness raisingTarget groups of CSR awareness raising
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Companies; 40.3%Consumers/consumer organizations/general
public; 7%
Ministries/governmental officials; 7.6%
Trade unions/social partners; 8.5%
NGOs; 10.1%
SMEs; 12.4%
Few initiatives focus exclusively
on SMEs (no prices/awards) ---
generally regarded as most important
target group
Few initiatives focus exclusively
on SMEs (no prices/awards) ---
generally regarded as most important
target group
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Target groups of CSR awareness raisingTarget groups of CSR awareness raising
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Companies; 40.3%Consumers/consumer organizations/general
public; 7%
Ministries/governmental officials; 7.6%
Trade unions/social partners; 8.5%
NGOs; 10.1%
SMEs; 12.4%
Social partnersrarely mentioned as target group
(even not in networks, multi-stakeholder fora
etc.)
Social partnersrarely mentioned as target group
(even not in networks, multi-stakeholder fora
etc.)
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Target groups of CSR awareness raisingTarget groups of CSR awareness raising
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Companies; 40.3%
Trade unions/social partners; 8.5%
NGOs; 10.1%
SMEs; 12.4%
Consumers and the media
hardly mentioned
Consumers and the media
hardly mentioned
Consumers/consumer organizations/general
public; 7%
Ministries/governmental officials; 7.6%
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Three case studies on CSR awareness raising
Sweden: “Globalt Ansvar”
• Partnership for global responsibility
• Government invites companies to join the partnership
by adopting the OECD guidelines and the UN Global
Compact
Sweden: “Globalt Ansvar”
• Partnership for global responsibility
• Government invites companies to join the partnership
by adopting the OECD guidelines and the UN Global
Compact
Netherlands: “Knowledge and
Information Centre” on CSR since 2004
• Disseminate knowledge and good
practices
• Promote stakeholder dialogues
• Foster partnerships
Netherlands: “Knowledge and
Information Centre” on CSR since 2004
• Disseminate knowledge and good
practices
• Promote stakeholder dialogues
• Foster partnerships
Denmark: “People & Profit”
• Programme initiated in 2004
• Activities: research, training,
dissemination of information
• Goal: enhance competitiveness (foster CSR as a business case)
Denmark: “People & Profit”
• Programme initiated in 2004
• Activities: research, training,
dissemination of information
• Goal: enhance competitiveness (foster CSR as a business case)
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. CSR and Sustainable DevelpomentConceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Topics and policy tools
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR and the EU SDS
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Sustainable Public Procurement
1. RationaleBy making public procurement sustainable, governments lead by example and provide economic incentives for CSR
2. Research method 74 contacts, 24 interviews, 7 times (additional) written information, 26 EU Member States covered
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Countries covered in the SPP survey
Green: survey
Orange: other studies
Grey: not covered
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Sustainable Public Procurement
1. RationaleBy making public procurement sustainable, governments lead by example and provide economic incentives for CSR
2. Research method74 contacts, 24 interviews, 7 times (additional) written information, 26 EU Member States covered
3. Number of initiatives103, mostly from 3 out of 5 categories
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Overview of SPP initiativesOverview of SPP initiativesEducational activities, e.g.
conferences, seminars, trainings; 3.9%
Government-sponsored guidelines; 13.6%
Information resources, e.g. websites, studies,
reports, etc.; 11.7%
Information/awareness raising campaigns; 1.9%
Networks/partnerships/agreements; 1.0%
Decrees, resolutions; 4.9%
Circulars; 4.9%
Action plans/programmes/strategies
for CSR; 27.2%
Platforms/centres/institutions; 5.8%
Informational instruments
Partnering instruments
Legal instruments
Hybrid instruments
Laws; 25.2%
1/3
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
EU Directives* on PP: Status of implementation
19: implemented
2 (Es, Lux): in preparation
1: not implemented
5: status unclear
* „Procurement directive“ 2004/18/EC „Utilities directive“ 2004/17/EC
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Overview of SPP initiativesOverview of SPP initiativesEducational activities, e.g.
conferences, seminars, trainings; 3.9%
Government-sponsored guidelines; 13.6%
Information resources, e.g. websites, studies,
reports, etc.; 11.7%
Information/awareness raising campaigns; 1.9%
Networks/partnerships/agreements; 1.0%
Decrees, resolutions; 4.9%
Circulars; 4.9%
Action plans/programmes/strategies
for CSR; 27.2%
Platforms/centres/institutions; 5.8%
Informational instruments
Partnering instruments
Legal instruments
Hybrid instruments
Laws; 25.2%
1/3
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Member States with National Action Plans (NAPs) on SPP/GPP
9: NAP adopted
7: NAP in preparation/ drafted
3: No (draft) NAP
8: Status unclear
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Overview of SPP initiativesOverview of SPP initiativesEducational activities, e.g.
conferences, seminars, trainings; 3.9%
Government-sponsored guidelines; 13.6%
Information resources, e.g. websites, studies,
reports, etc.; 11.7%
Information/awareness raising campaigns; 1.9%
Networks/partnerships/agreements; 1.0%
Decrees, resolutions; 4.9%
Circulars; 4.9%
Action plans/programmes/strategies
for CSR; 27.2%
Platforms/centres/institutions; 5.8%
Informational instruments
Partnering instruments
Legal instruments
Hybrid instruments
Laws; 25.2%
Economic/financial instruments are missing, but…
Economic/financial instruments are missing, but…
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Overview of SPP initiativesOverview of SPP initiativesEducational activities, e.g.
conferences, seminars, trainings; 3.9%
Government-sponsored guidelines; 13.6%
Information resources, e.g. websites, studies,
reports, etc.; 11.7%
Information/awareness raising campaigns; 1.9%
Networks/partnerships/agreements; 1.0%
Decrees, resolutions; 4.9%
Circulars; 4.9%
Action plans/programmes/strategies
for CSR; 27.2%
Platforms/centres/institutions; 5.8%
Informational instruments
Partnering instruments
Legal instruments
Hybrid instruments
Laws; 25.2%
Indirectly: All SPP initiatives foster CSR by
providing economic/ financial incentives
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Target groups of SPP initiativesTarget groups of SPP initiatives
Public sector in general; 66.0%
Business; 10.7%
Regional and/or local level; 6.8%
National/federal level; 19.4%
not identified; 8.7%
Others; 1.9%
„Direct“ target group: 92.2% public sector
„Indirect“ target group 100% businesses
„Direct“ target group: 92.2% public sector
„Indirect“ target group 100% businesses
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Orientation
1. Research behind this presentationActivities of RIMAS
2. CSR and Sustainable DevelpomentConceptual and political clarifications
3. The CSR policy field Topics and policy tools
4. A closer look at two topicsCSR awareness raising & Sustainable Public Procurement
5. Conclusions EU and Member State policies on CSR and the EU SDS
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
Conclusions on CSR policies in Europe
1. CSR policies are a policy field like many othersin terms of its political scope: progressive versus passive approaches (change of course in European Commission!)
2. CSR policies are different to traditional policy fields because they rely more on new governance and soft-law
3. CSR policies complement but cannot replace traditional (social, environmental and trade) policies
4. The contribution of CSR (policies) to the EU SDS is relative: it could be significant because government actions are weak
5. CSR policies as indications for a neoliberal or a new „relational state“ (Midttun) – time will tell
Policies on CSR in Europe CORE Conference in Milan, 15 June 2007
THANK YOU!
Reinhard Steurer [email protected]
RIMAS – Research Institute for Managing SustainabilityVienna University of Economics and Business Administration
Vienna, Austria
www.sustainability.euwww.sustainability.eu/csr-policies
www.sd-network.eu