POLICY

What is a Policy?

Set of Ideas or Plans that is used as a basis for decision making;

Attitude and actions of an organization regarding a particular issue;

General Statement of understanding which guide decision making.

Cont…..

It is more than mere statement of goals:

How the stated goals can be achieved?

Who will carry out the tasks?

In what manner?

Four stages of Policy Process

Problem Identification and Issue Recognition

Policy Formulation

Policy Implementation

Policy Evaluation

Policies related to Health Sector

National Health Policy

Nutrition Policy

Women Policy

Training Policy

Population Policy

What is Population Policy?

Measures formulated by a range of social institutions including Government which may influence the size, distribution or composition of human population (Driver,1972).

A deliberate effort by a national government to influence the demographic variables like fertility, mortality and migration (Organski & Organski,1961)

A set of Coordinated laws aimed at reaching some demographic goal (Biurgeois-Pichat,1974

NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY AND NATIONAL POPULATION PROGRAMME

2000 – India Projected 1 Billion People on 2.4% of Globe’s Land Area

India's current annual increase in population of 15.5 million is large enough to neutralize efforts to conserve the resource endowment and environment.

Introduction

National Population Policy -Milestones

1946- Bhore Committee Report

1952- Family Planning Programme

1976- Statement of National Population Policy

1977- Policy Statement of Family Welfare Programme

Cont………

1983- National Health Policy emphasized the need

1991- National Development Council appointed a Committee

1993- Dr. Swaminathan group prepared a Draft and discussed by cabinet and then Parliament

Cont…..

1991- Circulated and requested comments from Central and State Agencies

1997- Promised to announce this policy in near future

1999- Another Draft Policy was finished and finalized it on 19th Nov.

Population Growth, Crude Birth And Death Rates And Sex Ratio: India

Year Population in

Million

% Decad

al Variati

on

Average annual exponential

growth rate(%)

Crude birth rate

Crude

Death

Rate

Sex Ratio

(Females per 1000

Males)

1901 238.4 - - 45.8 44.4 972

1951 361.1 13.31 (+1)1.25 39.9 27.4 946

2001 1028.6 21.54 (+1)1.95 24.8 8.9 933

Population Projection- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Objectives

Immediate Objective

To address the unmet needs for contraception, health care infrastructure and health personnel and to provide integrated service delivery for basic reproductive and child health care.

Cont…..

Medium- term Objective

To bring the TFR to replacement level by 2010, through vigorous implication of inter-sectorial operational strategies.

Cont…..

Long – term Objective

To achieve a stable population by 2045, at a level consistent with the requirements of sustainable economic growth, social development and environmental protection.

Programmes implemented to achieve immediate goal and medium term goal

Aims up to 2010

IMR below 30/1,000 live births

MMR below 100/1,00,000 live births

80% institutional deliveries

100% registration of vital events

Medium Term Goal

Total fertility Rate to replacement level

Cont…..

Themes to achieve these Objectives

Decentralized planning and implementation

Convergence of service delivery at the Grassroots

Empowering women and encouraging male involvement

Cont………

Meeting the unmet need for family Welfare Services

Addressing the needs of disadvantaged and under- served population groups

Encouraging public- private partnership

Health Care Infrastructure

Public SectorDistrict

CHC (4 PHC)

PHC-(Referral Unit for 6 Sub-Centers)

Sub center

Cont…..Population Distribution

• Hilly- 5000• Plains- 3000

Sub center

• Hilly- 30,000• Plains- 20,000PHC

• Hilly- 1,20,000

• Plains- 80,000CHC

Cont…..

Private Sector

Informal

Not for Profit

For ProfitFormal

Indigenous

Health Care Reforms and its implications for Reproductive Health

Public Private Partnership

E.g. Pharmacies,

Laboratory, $

Blood bank

Programmes will plan to implement in coming days

Revised national population policy aimed at improving quality of life in the country.

- Daily Times on 6th April 2010

The revised policy focusing on improving health, managing urbanization and gender-sensitive development.

Population Policy

National Population Policy

Cont… National Commission on

Population

Formulated on 11th May 2000

Reconstituted on Feb 2005

Members

Chairman

Deputy Chairman

2 vice Chairman

Secretary

Cont….. Aims

To review, monitor and give directions for the implementation of the National Population Policy

To promote synergy between demographic, educational, environmental and developmental programmes.

To promote intersectoral co-ordination in planning and implementation.

First Meeting-23rd July 2005- Survey of all District to identify the weakness in Health Care Delivery System.

Cont……

State Population Commission

Janasankhya Sthirata Kosh

Objective

To facilitate goal, support projects, schemes, initiatives and to introduce innovative ideas, both in government and voluntary sectors.

Cont….

Family Planning Programme

Family Planning Performance

Sterilization

Vasectomy and Tubectomy

IUD Insertion

Condom Users $OP users

All India Family Planning Acceptors

Year Sterilization

IUD Insertion

Equivalent CC users

Equivalent OP users

1980-81

2053 628 3718 91

2000-01

4,735 6,047 18,204 7,640

2007-08

5,019 6,072 26,799 10,893

Cont…

National Rural Health Mission

Pre Conception and Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of sex selection) Act, 1994

Population Programmes/Schemes

Basic infrastructure

-Sub Centre (1,46,036)

-PHC (23,458)

-CHC (4,276)

Cont….

Janani Suraksha Yojana

Family Welfare Linked Health Insurance Scheme

Compensation for acceptor of Sterilization

POPULATION RESEARCH CENTER

Current Datas-Infant Mortality Rate

Cont…

January 12, 2011

"In spite of the achievements made so far there are still areas of concern. The pace of decline in various key health indicators like IMR, MMR, Total Fertility Rate and death and morbidity due to communicable diseases has not improved as compared to pre-NRHM period,"Azad said.

Journal Abstract

Title : Family Planning in India: Approaches and achievements.

Author: Haruno Sagaza and Alok Kumar

Cont…..

Findings:

Collaborative efforts at micro and macro levels be made inorder to achieve the demographic goals established by the central and state Gov, thus reducing the population growth rate and enhancing the standards of living

Theory Application

Ludwing Von Bertalanffy:

General System Theory

Conclusion

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