Policy Guideliness for Community Radio in Kenya

8/10/2019 Policy Guideliness for Community Radio in Kenya

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ONFJECWs Grbht, 1


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Bey cequkrkcs rc`brgke` tmks gfnujcet/puadknbtkfe smfudg ac scet tf us bt9

Oceyb Nfjjuekty Jcgkb Ectwfro (ONFJECW)

^mbdfj Mfusc, fhh E`fe` Qfbg, ^t. Gbekcd Nfjafek Qg, Pke` N, 2st Hdffr

\.F. Afx 1872 -


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k

WBADC FH NFEWCEW^

Dkst fh bnrfeyjs kk

Cxcnutkvc sujjbry kkk

NMB\WCQ 29 KEWQFGSNWKFE 2

2.2 Abno`rfueg ...................................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Wmc \rfadcj ..................................................................................................................................... 1

2.> \fdkny @ukgc Qbtkfebdc .................................................................................................................... 1

NMB\WCQ 19 F\CQBWKFEBD NFEWC]W HFQ NFJJSEKW[ QBGKF 3

1.2 Mkstfrknbd nfetcxt ............................................................................................................................. 8

1.1 Wmcfrctknbd nfetcxt........................................................................................................................... =

1.> \fdkny beg rc`udbtfry hrbjcwfro hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb................................................. 221.>.2 \fdkny hrbjcwfro ........................................................................................................................... 22

1.>.1 Dc`ksdbtkvc hrbjcwfro ................................................................................................................... 21

1.7 \crtkecet kssucs ke nfjjuekty rbgkf rc`udbtkfe............................................................................. 23

1.7.2 \rf`rbjjke` ................................................................................................................................. 23

1.7.1 ^pcntruj bddfnbtkfe ....................................................................................................................... 28

1.7.> Cdk`kakdkty nrktcrkb ........................................................................................................................... 20

1.7.7 ^pcntruj hccs ................................................................................................................................. 20

1.7.3 Wrbesjksskfe beg pfwcr rbe`c ...................................................................................................... 2=

1.7.8 Nmbeecd spbnke` ............................................................................................................................. 2=

1.7.= Huegke .......................................................................................................................................... 2;

1.7.; ^pfesfrsmkp .................................................................................................................................... 2;

1.7.2.2 Ketrfguntkfe ............................................................................................................................................................. 11

>.1 @ukgke` prkenkpdcs ................................................................................................................................................. 11

>.> \brt K9 @cecrbd ......................................................................................................................................................... 11

>.7 \brt 19 \fdkny @ukgcs ............................................................................................................................................. 1>


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kk

DK^W FH BNQFE[J^

KNW Ebtkfebd Kehfrjbtkfe beg Nfjjueknbtkfes Wcnmefdf`y

NBO Nfjjueknbtkfes Butmfrkty fh Oceyb\CX \fst-Cdcntkfe Xkfdcenc

AAN Arktksm Arfbgnbstke` Nfrpfrbtkfe

OS Oceybttb Sekvcrskty

E@Fs Efe-@fvcrejcetbd Fr`beksbtkfes

NAFs Nfjjuekty Abscg Fr`beksbtkfes

OKJN Oceyb Kestktutc fh Jbss Nfjjueknbtkfes

JJS^W Jbskegc Judkrf Sekvcrskty fh ^nkcenc beg Wcnmefdf`y

SEC^NF Sektcg Ebtkfes Cgunbtkfebd, ^nkcetkhkn beg Nudturbd Fr`bekzbtkfe

ONFJECW Oceyb Nfjjuekty Jcgkb Ectwfro


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kkk

C]CNSWKXC SJJBQ[

Nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb ks dc`bddy rcnfèkscg tmrfu`m tmc Oceyb Kehfrjbtkfe beg

Nfjjueknbtkfes (Bjcegjcet) Bnt, 1, tmc Ebtkfebd Kehfrjbtkfe beg Nfjjueknbtkfes

Wcnmefdf`y (KNW) \fdkny beg b eujacr fh jcgkb beg arfbgnbstke` rcùdbtkfes. Ftmcr hfrjs fh

arfbgnbst jcgkb rcnfèkscg brc tmc prkvbtc beg puadkn arfbgnbst jcgkb. Wmc tmrcc brc jbkedy

gkhhcrcetkbtcg ay tmc fwecrsmkp strunturc9 \uadkn jcgkb ks ^tbtc fwecg? prkvbtc jcgkb ks prkvbtcdy

fwecg beg jcbet hfr prfhkt jboke` wmkdc nfjjuekty rbgkf ks fwecg ay b nfjjuekty.

Bnnfrgke` tf tmc Bnt, b nfjjuekty ks gcsnrkacg bs tmbt wmknm kendugcs b `cf`rbpmknbddy

hfuegcg nfjjuekty fr bey `rfup fh pcrsfes fr scntfr fh tmc puadkn mbvke` b spcnkhkn,

bsncrtbkebadc nfjjfe ketcrcst.

Wf gbtc, Oceyb stkdd dbnos b nfmcrcet jcgkb pfdkny tmbt ndcbrdy brtknudbtcs kssucs rcdbtcg tf

fwecrsmkp beg nfetrfd fh tmc jcgkb, sbvc hfr tmc Ebtkfebd Kehfrjbtkfe beg Nfjjueknbtkfes

Wcnmefdf`y (KNW) \fdkny. Beg wmcrcbs tmc vbrkfus dc`bd hrbjcwfros mbvc kgcetkhkcg nfjjuekty rbgkf

bs b gkstkent tmkrg tkcr fh arfbgnbst jcgkb ke Oceyb, kt mbs acce dcht hfr tmc ùkgcdkecs hrfj tmc

Nfjjueknbtkfes Butmfrkty fh Oceyb (NBO) tf spcnkhy tmc rcqukrcjcets fh rc`kstrbtkfe hfr b nfjjuekty

rbgkf stbtkfe ke Oceyb. Pmkdc tmrfu`m tmc KNW pfdkny, tmc `fvcrejcet uegcrtbocs tf dkncenc

nfjjuekty arfbgnbst jcgkb, beg tf pbrtknudbrdy rcscrvc arfbgnbst hrcqucenkcs hfr tmks purpfsc,

tmcrc ks ef pfdkny ke pdbnc tmc ùkgc tmc bttbkejcet fh tmks ketcet.

B nfjjuekty rbgkf pfdkny ke Oceyb ks pbrtknudbrdy kjpfrtbet ke tmc mkegsk`mt fh tmc rcncet mcbtcg

gcabtc fe tmc rfdc fh arfbgnbst jcgkb, cspcnkbddy vcrebnudbr rbgkf stbtkfes, ke tmc 1


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kv

Wmks pfdkny `ukgc ks bs b rcsudt fh gcso rcscbrnm/ dktcrbturc rcvkcw, ocy kehfrjbet ketcrvkcws, beg

stbocmfdgcr hccgabno scsskfe. Wmc gcso rcscbrnm cetbkdcg dktcrbturc rcvkcw fh tmc rcpfrts,

puadknbtkfes beg ftmcr scnfegbry jbtcrkbds rcdbtcg tf tmc gcvcdfpjcet fh nfjjuekty rbgkf pfdkny

ke Oceyb, Cbst Bhrknbe rc`kfe beg cdscwmcrc ke tmc wfrdg. Ocy kehfrjbet ketcrvkcws wcrc

nfeguntcg wktm jcgkb dbw beg pfdkny cxpcrts. Wmc hkrst grbht fh tmc rcpfrt wbs prcscetcg hfr

gksnusskfe ke b jcctke` fh Nfjjuekty Qbgkf ^tbocmfdgcrs. Wmc jcctke` wbs mcdg fe 13tm

Jbrnm,

1


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v

vkskfe beg jksskfe stbtcjcets bs wcdd bs futdkeke` tmc ocy pfdkny ùkgc faicntkvcs. Kt bdsf

cstbadksmcg tmc uegcrpkeeke` prkenkpdcs beg vbducs hfr tmc ùkgc.

Nmbptcr twf dffos bt tmc fpcrbtkfebd hrbjcwfro hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb. Kt prfvkgcs b

gctbkdcg bebdysks fh pfdkny beg rcùdbtfry hrbjcwfro fh Nfjjuekty Qbgkf ke Oceyb. Wmks

kendugcs tmc Ebtkfebd KNW pfdkny, tmc vbrkfus stbtutcs? Oceyb Kehfrjbtkfe beg Nfjjueknbtkfes

Bjcegjcet Bnt (1), suaskgkbry dc`ksdbtkfes beg ùkgcdkecs kssucg ay tmc Nfjjueknbtkfes

Butmfrkty fh Oceyb.1 Wmc nmbptcr bdsf `kvcs sfjc rcnfjjcegbtkfes tmbt nbe hkdd up tmc dffp

mfdcs fe nfjjuekty rbgkf dbws beg rcùdbtkfes ke Oceyb.

Nmbptcr tmrcc prfvkgcs scvcrbd pfdkny ùkgcs tmbt nbe ac uscg tf cebadc b prfpcr benmfrke` fh

dc`ksdbtkfe hfr nfjjuekty rbgkfs ke Oceyb. Kt ks mfpcg tmbt tmks pfdkny ùkgc wkdd stkjudbtc gcabtc

tmbt wkdd dcbg tf tmc hfrjudbtkfe fh b nfjprcmceskvc nfjjuekty rbgkf pfdkny chhcntkvcdy benmfrcg ke b

arfbgcr jcgkb pfdkny ke Oceyb wmfsc prfncss fh hfrjudbtkfe ks nurrcetdy uegcrwby. B nfjprcmceskvc

nfjjuekty rbgkf pfdkny mbs acnfjc b jbttcr fh ur`ceny beg fh utjfst eccg efw cspcnkbddy wktmy

gcvfdvcg `fvcrebenc tmbt rcqukrcs chhcntkvc nfjjuekty pbrtknkpbtkfe ke gcnkskfe jboke` ke `fvcrebenc

gcvcdfpjcet pdbeeke` beg gcvcdfpjcet bntkfes.

1Bs rcnfestktutcg bs tmc Nfjjueknbtkfes Butmfrkty fh Oceyb uegcr tmc Oceyb Kehfrjbtkfe beg Nfjjueknbtkfes

(Bjcegjcet) Bnt, 1.


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\mftf9 Bjfs Fnmkce`/ONFJECW


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\b`c | 29 \fdkny ùkgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1

Mfjb Aby Nfjjuekty Qbgkf wbs b ifket kektkbtkvc fh SEC^NF beg tmc @fvcrejcet fh Oceyb.

Kt fpcrbtcg fe 2< wbtt trbesjkttcr beg arfbgnbstcg hfr twf mfurs b gby ke Gmfduf, b dfnbd

dbeùb`c fh tmc brcb. Wmc rbgkf wbs fe bkr hfr twf beg-b-mbdh ycbrs achfrc tmc `fvcrejcet

ndfscg kt gfwe fe brùjcet tmbt kt wbs wfroke` nfetrbry tf tmc fhhknkbd pfdkny fh jboke` ^wbmkdk

beg Ce`dksm tmc ebtkfebd beg fhhknkbd dbeùb`cs rcspcnthuddy. Gcspktc tmks pfdktknbd sctabno, tmc

cxpcrkcenc fh Mfjb Aby Qbgkf prfvcg tf Bhrknb beg tmc rcst fh tmc wfrdg tmbt b sjbdd

nfjjuekty rbgkf stbtkfe nfudg ac chhcntkvcdy sct-up fe dfw nfst cqukpjcet beg tmbt kt nfudg

huentkfe ke b dfw-tcnmefdf`y cevkrfejcet wktmfut cenfuetcrke` tcnmeknbd prfadcjs7

Nfjjuekty rbgkf stbtkfes mbvc prfvcg tf ac ocy pkddbrs ke nfjjueknbtkfe hfr gcvcdfpjcet ke

nfjjuektkcs wmcrc tmcy brc dfnbtcg fr scrvke`. Wmc bakdkty fh nfjjuekty rbgkf tf bnt bs be

b`cet fh nmbe`c ks ndcbrdy gcjfestrbtcg ay tmc cxpcrkcenc fh Jbe`cdctc nfjjuekty scrvcg ay

Qbgkf Jbe`cdctc. Ke be kjpbnt bsscssjcet survcy nbrrkcg fut bt tmc rbgkf ke 1


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\b`c | 19 \fdkny ùkgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1 \fdkny @ukgc Qbtkfebdc

Wmc rbtkfebdc fh tmks pfdkny ùkgc ks tf prfvkgc b pdbthfrj hfr gcabtc beg gcvcdfpjcet fh b

nfjprcmceskvc nfjjuekty rbgkf pfdkny tmbt wkdd eft fedy scnurc beg snbdc up tmc gcvcdfpjcet fh

tmc cxkstke` nfjjuekty rbgkf stbtkfes ke Oceyb aut wkdd ùkgc tmc gcvcdfpjcet fh tmc prfpfscg

nfjjuekty rbgkf stbtkfes ke tmc nfuetkcs ke tbegcj wktm tmc rcqukrcjcets ke tmc ecw nfestktutkfe

fh Oceyb beg ketcrebtkfebddy bnncptcg stbegbrgs. Wmks ks pbrtknudbrdy uegcrpkeecg ay tmc hbnt tmbt

dcbvke` nfjjuekty arfbgnbstcrs tf nfjpctc fe be cqubd absks, kendugke` bt tmc cnfefjkn dcvcd,

wktm nfjjcrnkbd arfbgnbstcrs hfr hrcqucenkcs, tmcy wkdd ke bdjfst cvcry nfuetry ac dcht acmkeg,

ke pbrtknudbr guc tf tmckr rcguncg bnncss tf hkebenkbd beg mujbe rcsfurncs, beg nfescqucet

kebakdkty tf nfjpctc ke fpce dknceske` nfjpctktkfes.8

Xkskfe

B vkarbet nfjjuekty rbgkf sua-scntfr ke Oceyb

Jksskfe

Wf prfvkgc b hrbjcwfro hfr rcnfèkske` beg gcvcdfpke` nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb bs b nrktknbd

jcgkuj fh gcvcdfpjcet nfjjueknbtkfe

Faicntkvcs

2.


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\b`c | >9 \fdkny `ukgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1


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\b`c | 79 \fdkny `ukgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 17(2). Ke wmbt nfudg ac b strfe` hrbjcwfro hfr benmfrke` nfjjuekty rbgkf,

tmc Nfestktutkfe hurtmcr prfvkgcs tmbt Arfbgnbstke` beg ftmcr cdcntrfekn jcgkb mbvc hrccgfj fh

cstbadksmjcet, suaicnt fedy tf dknceske` prfncgurcs tmbt brc kegcpcegcet fh nfetrfd ay

`fvcrejcet, pfdktknbd ketcrcsts fr nfjjcrnkbd ketcrcsts (Brt >7(>)(a)).

Oceyb ks gcjfnrbtkn stbtc beg ks tmc hrbjcwfro hfr sfnkbd, cnfefjkn beg nudturbd pfdknkcs. Wmc

hfrjudbtkfe beg kjpdcjcetbtkfe fh nfjjuekty rbgkf pfdkny `ukgc ks tmus benmfrcg ke mujbe

rk`mts nfetbkecg ke tmc Nfestktutkfe beg ftmcr rcdcvbet ketcrebtkfebd kestrujcets.


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\b`c | =9 \fdkny `ukgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1


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\b`c | ;9 \fdkny `ukgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1 Nfjjuekty scrvknc

Nfjjuekty arfbgnbstke` cxksts tf suppfrt beg nfetrkautc tf b nfjjuek tys sfnkbd, cnfefjkn beg

nudturbd gcvcdfpjcet, bdtmfu`m cbnm stbtkfe mbs kts fwe wby fh bnmkcvke` tmks (@krbrg 1


18/36

\b`c | 2


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\b`c | 229 \fdkny `ukgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1 \fdkny beg rc`udbtfry hrbjcwfro hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb

1.>.2 \fdkny hrbjcwfro

1.>.2.2

Ebtkfebd KNW \fdkny

Wmc 1


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\b`c | 2>9 \fdkny ùkgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1.1.1 ûaskgkbry Dc`ksdbtkfe

ûaskgkbry dc`ksdbtkfe tmbt rcdbtc fe tmc rcùdbtkfe fh nfjjuekty rbgkf kendugc?

Wmc Oceyb Kehfrjbtkfe beg Nfjjueknbtkfes (Qbgkf Nfjjueknbtkfes beg Hrcquceny

spcntruj) rcùdbtkfes, 1


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\b`c | 239 \fdkny ùkgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1.1.>

NBO @ukgcdkecs

Wmc Nfjjueknbtkfes Butmfrkty fh Oceyb (NBO) kssucg ùkgcdkecs hfr bppdyke` hfr b nfjjuekty

arfbgnbstke` scrvkncs dkncenc. Wmc ùkgcdkecs stbrt ay stbtke` tmbt Nfjjuekty arfbgnbstcrs

gkhhcr hrfj ftmcr arfbgnbstke` scrvkncs ke tmbt tmcy mbvc b dfnbd hfnus beg rfdc ke bttrbntke`

nfjjuekty pbrtknkpbtkfe ke arfbgnbstke`. Wmks nfjjuekty pbrtknkpbtkfe ks b nrunkbd cdcjcet

wmknm just ac sbtkshkcg ke frgcr tf qubdkhy hfr tmc `rbet fh b nfjjuekty scrvknc arfbgnbstke`

dkncenc. Kt tmce `fcs fe tf `kvc ke gctbkd tmc prfncgurc hfr bppdyke` hfr b nfjjuekty

arfbgnbstke` dkncenc bs wcdd bs tmc rcqukrcjcets. Kt prfvkgcs b tbadc fe tmc jbroct arfbgnbstke`

strunturc fe tmc hccs pbybadc hfr tmc vbrkfus scrvkncs. Wmc prkenkpdcs beg pkddbrs fh nfjjuekty

rbgkfs cbrdkcr gksnusscg brc bdsf stkpudbtcg ke tmcsc ùkgcdkecs. Wmc ùkgcdkecs bdsf eftc tmbt

dkncencs wkdd fedy ac `kvce tf fr`beksbtkfes wmfddy fwecg beg nfetrfddcg ay Oceybe ebtkfebds.11

Ke b eutsmcdd tmcsc brc ndcbr, gctbkds fe tmc prfncss, prfncgurcs beg rcqukrcjcets hfr b

Nfjjuekty Arfbgnbstke` dkncenc.

Mfwcvcr, dffoke` tmrfu`m tmc dc`bd hrbjcwfro hfr nfjjuekty ac`s tmc qucstkfe fh wmctmcr b

spcnkhkn dc`ksdbtkfe ks eccgcg bs fppfscg tf b `cecrbd stbtutc. Wmc acechkts fh dc`ksdbtkfe spcnkhkn

tf arfbgnbst jcgkb fr bt tmc vcry dcbst arfbgnbst scrvkncs wfudg mbvc kjjcbsurbadc acechkts tf

bdd stbocmfdgcrs bs fppfscg tf b dbw tmbt nbtcrs tf tmc wmfdc KNW scntfr.

1.7 \crtkecet kssucs ke nfjjuekty rbgkf rcùdbtkfe

1.7.2

\rf`rbjjke`

^cntkfe 78H fh tmc Oceyb Kehfrjbtkfe beg Nfjjueknbtkfes (Bjcegjcet) Bnt, 1 prfvkgcs

tmbt b nfjjuekty arfbgnbstke` scrvknc dkncescc just cesurc tmbt kts prf`rbjjke` sukts tmc

eccgs beg prchcrcencs fh tmbt pbrtknudbr nfjjuekty. \brt X fh tmc 1


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\b`c | 289 \fdkny ùkgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1= fh tmc arfbgnbstke` rcùdbtkfes. Wmc NBO

ùkgcdkecs rcqukrc tmbt bdd bppdknbets prfvkgc b prf`rbjjke` pdbe bs pbrt fh tmc bppdknbtkfe

gfnujcets. Wmks pdbe nfesksts fh?

\crjkts hfr prf`rbjjke` usc (dcttcrs fh ketcet, skècg nfetrbnts- hfr prf`rbjjcs wmknm

tmc stbtkfes wkdd ac purnmbske` bs fppfscg tf prf`rbjjke` gcvcdfpcg ke mfusc).

Gctbkdcg prf`rbjjc snmcgudc hfr fec wcco.

\rf`rbjjc sc`jcets.1>

\rf`rbjjc strunturc.

17

NBO wkdd bdsf mbvc rc`brg tf tmc ebturc beg gkvcrskty fh arfbgnbstke` scrvkncs bdrcbgy acke`

prfvkgcg ke tmc dkncenc brcb wmce nfeskgcrke` wmctmcr tmcrc ks b eccg ke tmc nfjjuekty wmknm ks

eft acke` scrvcg ay tmc cxkstke` arfbgnbstke` scrvkncs.13

1.7.1 ^pcntruj bddfnbtkfe

Wmc Ebtkfebd KNW \fdkny prfvkgcs tmbt tmbt rbgkf hrcquceny spcntruj smfudg ac jbeb`cg ke tmc

puadkn ketcrcst tmrfu`m kegcpcegcet beg trbespbrcet rcùdbtfry hrbjcwfro tf cebadc tmc cquktbadc

bddfnbtkfe fh hrcquceny bjfe` b pdurbdkty fh jcgkb kendugke` nfjjuekty jcgkb. Kt bdsf prfvkgcstmbt tmc rcùdbtfr smfudg prfjftc bddfnbtkfe fh suktbadc hrcqucenkcs, cquktbadc bnncss tf dkncencs,

puadkn hkebenkbd beg tcnmefdf`knbd suppfrt beg trbkeke` tf prfjftc nfjjuekty abscg jcgkb. Wmc

Butmfrkty ks cxpcntcg tf bgvcrtksc ke prket jcgkb beg tmc NNO wcasktc (www.nno.`f.oc) kts

ketceskfe tf fhhcr nfjjuekty arfbgnbstke` dkncenc (s) ke spcnkhkn dfnbtkfe. Wmc eftknc jby

nfetbke bggktkfebd kehfrjbtkfe tmbt jby kendugc tmc arfbgnbstke` hrcqucenkcs spcntruj, dfnbtkfe,

cdk`kakdkty beg tmc tkjchrbjc fh suajkttke` bppdknbtkfes bjfe` ftmcrs. Bppdknbtkfes just ac

dfg`cg wktm tmc Nfjjksskfe ay tmc gbtcdkec spcnkhkcg ke tmc bgvcrtkscjcet fr eftknc. Pktm rc`brg

tf Nfjjuekty jcgkb, tmc pfdkny prfvkgcs tmbt NBO smfudg scco tf rcscrvc spcntruj spcnkhknbddy

hfr nfjjuekty jcgkb.

1>Beecx 2B fh tmc ùkgcdkecs prfvkgcs b sbjpdc fh b sbjpdc.17Beecx 2A fh tmc ùkgcdkecs prfvkgcs b sbjpdc fh b sbjpdc13\brt 8.8 fh tmc @ukgcdkecs hfr bppdyke` hfr b Nfjjuekty Arfbgnbstke` Dkncenc.


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\b`c | 209 \fdkny ùkgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1) fh tmc Oceyb Kehfrjbtkfe beg Nfjjueknbtkfes Bnt vcsts pfwcr ke tmc NBO, hfr

hrcquceny pdbeeke` beg ce`keccrke`, hrcquceny bsskèjcet beg dknceske`, hrcquceny jfektfrke`

beg kespcntkfe fh rbgkf stbtkfes, beg tmc kjpdcjcetbtkfe fh tmc Oceyb `fvcrejcet pfdknkcs fe

rbgkf nfjjueknbtkfes. Wmc Oceyb Kehfrjbtkfe beg Nfjjueknbtkfes (Qbgkf Nfjjueknbtkfes

beg Hrcquceny spcntruj) rcùdbtkfes rcdcbscg ke 1 Cdk`kakdkty nrktcrkb

NBO mbs put ke b pdbnc nfjprcmceskvc beg gctbkdcg ùkgcdkecs fe tmc cdk`kakdkty nrktcrkb hfr bey

nfjjuekty arfbgnbstke` scrvknc dkncenc bppdknbet. Ke b eutsmcdd tmcy brc?

Fedy cetktkcs rc`kstcrcg ke Oceyb tmbt rcprcscet b nfjjuekty fh ketcrcst (bs gchkecg ke

Wmc Qcùdbtkfes) jby bppdy hfr b nfjjuekty arfbgnbstke` dkncenc prfvkgcg tmcy nfjpdy

wktm cdk`kakdkty ndbusc fh tmc Bnt.

Kh kt ks b nfjpbey bppdyke` hfr tmc dkncenc, kt just wmfddy fwecg beg nfetrfddcg ay

Oceybe ebtkfebds fr jcjacrs fh b nfjjuekty, beg

Cvkgcenc fh bppdyke` cetkty jcctke` tmc nmbrbntcr fh nfjjuekty arfbgnbstcr.

B nfjjuekty arfbgnbstke` dkncescc fr bppdknbet jby ac b prkvbtc nfjpbey rc`kstcrcg ay

ùbrbetcc, b trust sct up bs sunm hfr purpfsc fh arfbgnbstke`, b efe-`fvcrejcetbd

fr`beksbtkfe, fr bey ftmcr kgcetkhkbadc `rfup fh pcrsfes cstbadksmcg wktm b efe-prfhkt

jbegbtc. ûnm sbkg cetkty just acbr rcbsfebadc kegknbtkfe tmbt kt sccos tf brtknudbtc tmc

vkcws fh b spcnkhkcg nfjjuekty.18

1.7.7 ^pcntruj hccs

Wmrfu`m tmc KNW pfdkny, tmc `fvcrejcet prfvkgcs tmbt guc tf tmc kenrcbske` beg nfjpctke`

gcjbegs hfr spcntruj, jbroct prkenkpdcs wkdd ac bppdkcg tf prfjftc chhcntkvc usc fh tmc rbgkf

hrcquceny spcntruj. Kt hurtmcr ndbrkhkcs tmbt tmc @fvcrejcet wkdd cesurc tmbt spcntruj hccs gf eft

acnfjc b aurgce tf fpcrbtfrs.10

Ke dkec wktm tmks prfvkskfe, tmc nurrcet ^pcntruj hccs sct ay

18\brt 8.2 fh tmc @ukgcdkecs hfr bppdyke` hfr b Nfjjuekty Arfbgnbstke` ^crvknc Dkncenc.10\brt 0.>.7fh tmc Ebtkfebd KNW \fdkny 1


26/36

\b`c | 2=9 \fdkny `ukgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1


27/36

\b`c | 2;9 \fdkny `ukgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1. Fpcrbtke` kenfjc `cecrbtke` bntkvktkcs, beg fr

7. ^pfesfrsmkps beg @rbets.

Bdd sfurncg beg `cecrbtcg huegs/rcvceuc hrfj tmc fpcrbtkfes fh b nfjjuekty arfbgnbstke`

stbtkfe brc tf ac rckevcstcg ke bntkvktkcs acechktke` tmc Nfjjuekty beg/ fr tmc Nfjjuekty jcgkb.

1.7.;

^pfesfrsmkp

Wmc arfbgnbstke` rc`udbtkfes fh 1


28/36

\b`c | 1


29/36



30/36

\b`c | 119 \fdkny ùkgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 19 NFJJSEKW[ QBGKF \QKFQKW[ \FDKN[ K^^SC^

>.2Ketrfguntkfe

Abscg fe sktubtkfe bebdysks, tmks pfdkny ùkgc mbs kgcetkhkcg b eujacr fh prkfrkty kssucs tmbt brc

nrunkbd tf tmc rcbdksbtkfe fh b vkarbet beg kegcpcegcet nfjjuekty rbgkf sua-scntfr ke Oceyb

>.1@ukgke` prkenkpdcs

Bs Nfjjuekty rbgkfs wkdd ac ùkgcg ay tmc hfddfwke` prkenkpdcs?

b. Kenduskvcecss, nfmcskfe beg gkvcrskty

a. Gcjfnrbny, bnncss beg cqukty, cspcnkbddy hfr pcfpdc beg kssucs eft bgcqubtcdy rcprcscetcg ke

jbkestrcbj, jcgkb dkoc jkefrktkcs beg jbr`kebdkscg nfjjuektkcs beg `rfups.

n. Nfjjuekty kevfdvcjcet ke arfbgnbstke`.

>.>

\brt K9 @cecrbd

b. Nfjjuektkcs beg kegkvkgubds mbvc tmc rk`mt tf gksscjkebtc beg rcnckvc kehfrjbtkfe

tmrfu`m arfbgnbsts, beg tmc rk`mt tf pbrtknkpbtc ke pfdkny jboke` tmrfu`m arfbgnbsts.

a. Nfjjuekty arfbgnbstcrs mbvc tmc rk`mt tf kestktutc beg kjpdcjcet b scdh-rcùdbtfry nfgc

fh nfegunt. Wmc bppdknbtkfe fh tmks nmcgudc smbdd ac snbdcg gfwe fr rcpdbncg wktm b scdh-

rcùdbtfry nfgc fh nfegunt bs sffe bs tmks ks hcbskadc.

n. nfjjuektkcs wkdd jbeb`c beg fpcrbtc nfjjuekty rbgkf stbtkfes tf hbnkdktbtc gcvcdfpjcet

nfjjueknbtkfe beg kehfrjbtkfe cxnmbe`c fe jbttcrs fh nfjjuebd ketcrcst rcdbtke` tf

bey fr bdd fh tmc hfddfwke`, tmbt ks,

(k) Nfjjuekty cgunbtkfe

(kk)Nfjjueknbtkfe ke b spcnkhkcg dfnbd dbeùb`c fr dbeùb`cs

(kkk)Qcdk`kfus fr ftmcr sunm purpfscs

(kv)Arfbgnbstke` tf bey ftmcr gctcrjkebadc `cf`rbpmknbd nfjjuekty fr nfjjuektkcs fh

ketcrcst grbwe fe tmc absks fh ctmekn `rfup, `cegcr, b`c, gksbakdkty, nudturc, rbnc, beg

bey ftmcr sunm gkstkentkfe fr susncptkakdkty.

\rfvkgcg tmbt bdd nfjjuekty arfbgnbstke` dkncesccs smbdd uegcrtboc tf prfjftc tmc

ebtkfebd ketcrcst beg nfmcskfe, beg prfvkgcg tmcy smbdd prfjftc b ebtkfebd nudturc beg

wby fh dkhc.


31/36

\b`c | 1>9 \fdkny ùkgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1.7

\brt 19 \fdkny @ukgcs

>.7.2 \rf`rbjjke`

Nfjjuekty rbgkf smbdd cenfurb`c beg `kvc prkfrkty tf prf`rbjjke` tmbt rchdcnts Nfjjuekty

ketcrcst beg tmc ùkgke` prkenkpdcs fh nfjjuekty jcgkb.

ke jboke` prf`rbjjke` gcnkskfes, rc`brg smbdd ac jbgc tf? nfjjuekty ketcrcst, nfetcxt, gc`rcc

fh cxpdknktecss, tmc pfsskakdkty fh bdbrjke` tmc dkstcecr, tmc pftcetkbd hfr gkstrcss fr smfno,

prcvbkdke` kegk`cefus dbws fr nfjjuekty stbegbrgs beg tmc sfnkbd kjpfrtbenc fh tmc arfbgnbst.

Nfjjuekty rbgkf stbtkfes smbdd mbvc prf`rbjjke` prbntkncs tmbt prftcnt nmkdgrce hrfj mbrjhud

jbtcrkbd.

>.7.1 ^pcntruj bddfnbtkfe

Qbgkf hrcquceny ^pcntruj smbdd ac jbeb`cg ke tmc puadkn ketcrcst tmrfu`m kegcpcegcet beg

trbespbrcet rcùdbtfry hrbjcwfro tf cebadc tmc cquktbadc bddfnbtkfe fh hrcquceny bjfe` b

pdurbdkty fh jcgkb kendugke` nfjjuekty jcgkb. Wmc rcùdbtfr smfudg prfjftc bddfnbtkfe fh

suktbadc hrcqucenkcs, cquktbadc bnncss tf dkncencs, puadkn hkebenkbd beg tcnmefdf`knbd suppfrt beg

trbkeke` tf prfjftc nfjjuekty abscg jcgkb.

B prfvkskfe smbdd ac jbgc ke bdd pfdknkcs, dc`ksdbtkfes beg ùkgcdkecs hfr chhcntkvc rcprcscetbtkfe

fh nfjjuekty arfbgnbstcrs (kendugke` rbgkf) bt rcdcvbet spcntruj bddfnbtkfe gcnkskfe jboke`

afgkcs/hfrujs.


32/36

\b`c | 179 \fdkny `ukgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1.7.> Cdk`kakdkty nrktcrkb

2. Fedy efe-prfhkt cetktkcs/puadkn scrvknc fr`beksbtkfes rc`kstcrcg ke Oceyb tmbt rcprcscet b

nfjjuekty/ nfjjuekty ketcrcst jby bppdy hfr b nfjjuekty rbgkf arfbgnbstke` dkncenc.

1. Nfjjuekty rbgkf dkncenc bppdknbets wkdd ac rcqukrcg tf gcjfestrbtc tmc cxtcet tf wmknm

tmc prfpfscg scrvknc wfudg jcct tmc eccgs fh tmc nfjjuekty,

>. Wmc hfddfwke` smbdd eft ac cdk`kadc tf bppdy hfr b nfjjuekty arfbgnbstke` dkncesc9

b. Kegkvkgubds?

a. \fdktknbd \brtkcs beg tmckr bhhkdkbtc fr`beksbtkfes? _kendugke` stugcets, wfjces, trbgc

uekfes beg sunm ftmcr wke`s bhhkdkbtcg tf tmcsc pbrtkcs.Z

n. Fr`beksbtkfes fpcrbtke` wktm b jftkvc tf cbre prfhkt?

g.

Fr`beksbtkfes cxprcssdy abeecg ay tmc Ebtkfebd beg fr beg Nfuety @fvcrejcets.

c. Fr`beksbtkfes tmbt mbvc acce bgiug`cg bs abeorupt.

>.7.7 ^pcntruj hccs

Wmc spcntruj hccs smbdd ac rcvkcwcg hrfj tkjc tf tkjc, gcpcegke` fe tmc prcvbkdke` cnfefjkn

nkrnujstbencs beg nbe ac dfwcrcg fr kenrcbscg. Mfwcvcr, tmcsc rcvkcws wkdd fedy ac chhcntcg

bhtcr chhcntkvc nfesudtbtkfes wktm tmc nfjjuekty arfbgnbstke`, (kendugke` nfjjuekty rbgkf)

rcprcscetbtkvcs

>.7.3 Huegke`

Nfjjuekty rbgkfs jby sfurnc huegke` hrfj9

3. Nfjjuekty

8. Cxtcrebd Gfefrs.

0. Fpcrbtke` kenfjc `cecrbtke` bntkvktkcs.

=. ^pfesfrsmkps beg @rbets.

\rfvkgcg tmbt bdd Huegs `cecrbtcg hrfj tmc fpcrbtkfes fh b nfjjuekty arfbgnbstke` stbtkfe smbdd

ac rckevcstcg ke bntkvktkcs acechktke` tmc Nfjjuekty beg/ fr tmc Nfjjuekty jcgkb.

Bdd Nfjjuekty Arfbgnbstcrs smbdd ac efe-prfhkt fr`bekzbtkfes.

Bdd nfjjuekty arfbgnbstcrs smbdd prfvkgc bugktcg beeubd bnnfuets beg rcpfrts tf tmc

Nfjjueknbtkfes Butmfrkty fh Oceyb, eft dbtcr tmbe 8 jfetms bhtcr tmc ceg fh tmckr hkebenkbd

ycbr.


33/36

\b`c | 139 \fdkny `ukgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1.7.8 ^pfesfrsmkp

Nfjjuekty rbgkfs wkdd mbvc ke pdbnc b wrkttce spfesfrsmkp pfdkny tmbt rchdcnts tmc dkncenc

nfegktkfes ke tmc Bnt. Wmks kendugcs9

b) Arfbgnbstke` ef jfrc tmbe hkvc jkeutcs fh spfesfrsmkp beefuencjcets ke fec mfur,

beg

a) Wb``ke` cbnm beefuencjcet tf bnoefwdcg`c tmc hkebenkbd beg/fr ke-okeg suppfrt fh

tmc spfesfr.

^pfesfrsmkp wkdd eft ac b hbntfr ke gcnkgke` wmf nbe bnncss arfbgnbstke` tkjc.

Nfjjuekty rbgkfs wkdd jboc surc cgktfrkbd gcnkskfes bhhcntke` tmc nfetcet beg stydc fh kegkvkgubd

prf`rbjs brc eft kehducencg ay prf`rbj fr stbtkfe spfesfrs.

>.7.0

Bgvcrtkscjcet

Nfjjuekty rbgkf ks bddfwcg tf bgvcrtksc, fe tmckr stbtkfes, bgvcrts tmbt brc rcdcvbet beg spcnkhkn

tf tmbt nfjjuekty wktmke tmc arfbgnbst brcb. Mfwcvcr, nfjjuekty rbgkf brc prfmkaktcg hrfj

nbrryke` nfjjcrnkbd bgvcrtkske`, aut jby arfbgnbst spfesfrsmkp beefuencjcets eft cxnccgke`

gurbtkfe dkjkts bs jby ac spcnkhkcg ke tmc dkncenc. Nfjjcrnkbd bgvcrtkscjcets ke tmks nbsc wkdd ac

tboce tf jcbe bgvcrtkscjcets purcdy scco tf `cecrbtc kenrcbscg nfesujptkfe fh prfgunts fr

scrvkncs fh tmc bgvcrtkscrs tmrfu`m "arbegke`", wmknm kevfdvcs bssfnkbtke` b prfgunt ebjc fr

kjb`c wktm ncrtbke qubdktkcs ke tmc jkegs fh dkstcecrs. Efe Nfjjcrnkbd bgvcrtkske` hfr tmcscpurpfscs smbdd ac tboce tf jcbebgvcrtkske` tmbt ks jbkedy hfr tmc purpfsc fh cgunbtke` dkstcecrs

frprfjftke`puadkn `ffg.

>.7.= Nfetcet rc`udbtkfe beg jfektfrke`

2. Nfjjuekty rbgkfs smbdd cesurc tmbt tmc prf`rbjjcs bkrcg brc fh kjjcgkbtc rcdcvbenc tf

tmc nfjjuekty. Wmc cjpmbsks smbdd ac fe gcvcdfpjcetbd, b`rknudturbd, mcbdtm,

cgunbtkfebd, cevkrfejcetbd, sfnkbd wcdhbrc, nfjjuekty gcvcdfpjcet beg nudturbd

prf`rbjjcs. Wmc prf`rbjjke` smfudg rchdcnt tmc spcnkbd ketcrcsts beg eccgs fh tmc dfnbd

nfjjuekty. Chhfrts smbdd ac jbgc tf spcnkhknbddy cesurc `cegcr jbkestrcbjke`, bs wcdd bs

nbtcrke` hfr tmc eccgs fh tmc spcnkbd `rfups dkoc wfjce, yfutms, pcrsfes wktm gksbakdktkcs

beg pcrsfes dkvke` wktm MKX/Bkgs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumption_%28economics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_%28business%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_%28economics%29http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/advertiser.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/promoter.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/promoter.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/advertiser.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_%28economics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_%28business%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumption_%28economics%29


34/36

\b`c | 189 \fdkny ùkgcdkecs hfr nfjjuekty rbgkf ke Oceyb, ONFJECWs Grbht 1. \rf`rbjjcs smfudg prchcrbady ac ke tmc dfnbd dbeùb`c beg gkbdcnt(s) beg fr Okswbmkdk.

7. Nfjjuekty rbgkfs smbdd mbvc tf bgmcrc tf tmc rcdcvbet nfgcs fh ctmkns bs prfvkgcg ay tmc

Oceyb Kehfrjbtkfe beg Nfjjueknbtkfes Bnt rc`brgke` prf`rbjjke` Nfgc.

3. Nfjjuekty rbgkfs smbdd rcnfrg beg rctbke bdd prf`rbjjcs arfbgnbst hfr bt dcbst tmrcc

jfetms hrfj tmc gbtc fh arfbgnbst.

8. Nfjjuekty rbgkfs smbdd cesurc tmbt ecws, nurrcet bhhbkrs, gfnujcetbrkcs, hcbturc

prf`rbjs beg ketcrvkcws smbdd9

b. prfvkgc bnncss tf vkcws eft bgcqubtcdy rcprcscetcg ay ftmcr arfbgnbstke` scntfrs,

a. prcscet hbntubd jbtcrkbd bnnurbtcdy beg cesurc tmbt rcbsfebadc chhfrts brc jbgc tf

nfrrcnt suastbetkbd crrfrs fh hbnt bs quknody bs pfsskadc,

n. ndcbrdy gkstkeùksm hbntubd jbtcrkbd hrfj nfjjcetbry beg bebdysks

g. prcscet ecws ke sunm b wby tmbt kt gfcs eft nrcbtc puadkn pbekn fr ueecncssbry

gkstrcss tf dkstcecrs, beg,

c. rcprcscet vkcwpfkets hbkrdy wktmfut mbvke` b jksdcbgke` cjpmbsks, cgktke` fut fh

nfetcxt fr wktmmfdgke` rcdcvbet beg bvbkdbadc jbtcrkbd.

0. Nfjjuekty rbgkfs smbdd cesurc tmbt eftmke` ks kendugcg ke tmc prf`rbjjcs arfbgnbst

wmknm9

b) Fhhcegs b`bkest `ffg tbstc fr gcnceny?

a) ks dkocdy tf cenfurb`c fr kenktc tf nrkjc fr dcbg tf gksfrgcr?

n) Ks fhhceskvc tf puadkn hccdke`.

g) ks dkocdy tf kenktc, cenfurb`c fr prcscet hfr kts fwe sboc vkfdcenc fr arutbdkty.

c) prcscet bs gcskrbadc ketcr bdkb9

(k) Wmc jksusc fh bdnfmfdkn dkqufr.

(kk) Wmc usc fh kddc`bd gru`s, ebrnftkns fr tfabnnf.

(kkk)

\rfstktutkfe.

h) Gcpknts suknkgc beg scdh-mbrj hbvfurbady fr prcscets suknkgc bs jcbes fh bnmkcvke`

b gcskrcg rcsudt.


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onfject Lonfjectwww.onfject.fr`

B puadknbtkfe fh Oceyb Nfjjuekty Jcgkb Ectwfro (ONFJECW). 1

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Policy Guideliness for Community Radio in Kenya

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