POLICY IMPLEMENTATION.ppt

7/14/2019 POLICY IMPLEMENTATION.ppt

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/policy-implementationppt 1/22

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION




DEFINITIONS

“Implementation involves all of the activities designed to

carry out the policies enacted by the legislative branch.

These activities include the creation of new organisations –

departments, agencies bureaus, or the assignments of new responsibilities to the existing organisations.”

Thomas R. Dye

It forms a bridge that allows the objectives of the public

policy to be achieved as outcomes of governmental activity




DEFINITIONS

“POLICY IMPLEMENTAION ENCOMPASSES THOSE

ACTIONS BY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS

THAT ARE DIRECTED AT THE ACHIEVEMENT OF GOALS AND

OBJECTIVES SET FORTH IN PRIOR POLICY DECISIONS “

Van Meter and Van Horn

“IMPLEMENTATION AS SEQUENCE OF EVENTS TRIGGERED OFF BY A

POLICY DECISION, INVOLVING THE TRANSLATION OF POLICY INTO

OPERATIONAL TASKS TO BE CARRIED OUT BY A VARIETY OF FACTORS

AND AGENCIES, AND SUBSTANTIAL COORDINATING ACTIVITY TO

ENSURE THAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE AND THAT THINGS

HAPPEN AS INTENDED”

Barrett and Fudge




ELEMENTS OF IMPLEMENTATION

• CLARITY OF GOALS

• ADEQUATE RESOURCES

• CAPACITY OF PERMANENT EXECUTIVE• MECHANISM OF COORDINATION

• POLITICAL AND JUDICIAL SUPPORT



PERSPECTIVES ON IMPLEMENTATION

• IMPLEMENTAION AS EVOLUTION

• IMPLEMENTAION AS WORK MECHANISM

• IMPLEMENTATION AS POLITICS




CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION

• The policy contains unambiguous directives andstructures of the implementation process

• Leaders of implementation agencies possess substantial

managerial and political skill and professional knowledge

• The policy is actively supported by organisedconstituency groups, legislature and judiciary

• The relative priority of statutory objectives is notsignificantly undermined over time by the emergence of conflicting public polices or by change in relevant socio –

economic conditions that undermine the statutes’stechnical theory or political support



APPROACHES TO POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

1.TOP- DOWN MODEL

• IDEAL IMPLEMENTAION IS PRODUCT OF ARMY LIKE

ORGANISATION WITH CLEAR LINES OF AUTHORITY

• NORMS WOULD BE ENFORCED AND OBJECTIVES ARE

PROVIDED

• PEPOLE ARE EXPECTED TO DO WHAT THEY ARE TOLD

• PERFECT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN UNITS OF THEORGANISATIONS




2.BOTTOM- UP MODEL

• IT UNDERLINES THE IMPORTANCE OF

INITIATIVES COMING FROM THE BOTTOM

LEADING TO EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTAION

• THIS HAS ASSUMED IMPOTANCE AS IN RECENT

TIMES DUE TO “DELEGATED LEGISLATION”

EXECUTIVES HAVE GOT MUCH DISCRETION IN

FARMING RULES AND REGULATIONS HAVINGDIRECT BEARING ON IMPLEMENTATION




3.POLICY ACTION MODEL

• IT IS A BEHAVIOURAL MODEL VIEWING

IMPLEMENTAION AS ACTION BY ACTORS WHICH

IS CONSTRAINED BY THE WORLD OUTSIDE THEIRORGANISATIONS

• MORE EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON ISSUES OF

POWER AND DEPENDENCE, INTERESTS,MOTIVATIONS AND BEHAVIOURS




4. MANAGERIALIST APPROACHES

• UNDER THIS APPROACH , THERE IS EMPHASIS ON

APPLICATION OF MANAGERIAL APPROACHES LIKE I)

OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT ,II) CORPORATE

MANAGEMENT , AND III) PERSONNEL MAMANGEMENT

• THIS APPROACH ARGUES FOR MARKET DRIVEN

DECENTRALISATION PROCESS EMPHASING SHIFT

FROM HIERARCHY TO PARTICIPATION AND TEAMWORK




ROLE OF LEGISLATURE

• PARLIAMENTARY QUESTIONS

• ADJOURNMENT MOTIONS

• FINANCIAL CONTROL (BUDGET)

• SHORT DURATION DISCUSSIONS

• LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEES

• COMPTROLLER & AUDITOR GENERAL



ROLE OF EXECUTIVE IN IMPLEMENTATION

• TRADITIONALLY IT WAS VIEWD THAT POLITICAL

EXECUTIVE MAKES POLICIES AND PERMANENT

EXECUTIVE IMPLEMENTS POLICIES

• IN PARLIAMENTARY FORM OF DEMOCRATIC

GOVERNMENT , POLITICAL EXECUTIVE IS

RESPONSIBLE TO PARLIAMENT FOR EFFECTIVE

IMPLEMENTATION OF POLCIES




ROLE OF PERMANENT EXECUTIVE :

• SEEK GUIDANCE AND HELP FROM POLITICAL EXECUTIVE

• RESIST UNCALLED PRESSURES OF POLITICAINS, SOCIAL

LEADERS AND INTEREST GROUPS

• TO HAVE CLEAR UNDERSATNDING OF POLICY STATEMENT, ITSGOALS AND OBJECTIVES

• TO FORM PUBLIC OPINION THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL

CHANNELS

• TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE MONITORING AND EVALUATION

• TO PRIORITISE THE WORKS TO BE UNDERTAKEN

• TO ALLOCATE HUMAN, FINANCIAL AND PHYSICAL RESOURCES

• CAPACITY BUILDING OF HUMAN RESOURCES




ROLE OF PERMANENT EXECUTIVE :

ADMINSTARTIVE REFORMS COMMISSION LAID DOWN THE

FOLLWING NORMS :

• THE OBLIGATIONS OF EVERY PUBLIC SERVANT TO

IMPLEMENT FAITHFULLY ALL POLICIES AND DECISIONS OF

THE MINISTERS EVEN IF THESE BE CONTRARY TO THE

ADVICE TENDERED BY HIM

• FREEDOM OF PUBLIC SERVANTS TO EXPRESS THEMSELVES

FRANKLY BY TENDERING ADVICE TO THEIR SUPERIORS

INCLUDING MINISTERS

• OBSERVANCE BY PUBLIC SERVANTS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF

NEUTRALITY, IMPARTIALITY AND ANONYMITY




ROLE OF POLITICAL EXECUTIVE :

REPRESENTING THE GOVERNMENT POLICY WITHIN

ADMINSTRATION

EXERCISING STATUTORY POWERS GURANTEED UNDER THE

CONSTITUTION

PROVIDING LEADERSHIP AND EXERCISE CONTROL OVER

PERMANENT EXECUTIVE IN IMPLEMENTAION




ROLE OF JUDICIARY

• CLARIFYING THE PROVISIONS OF POLICY OR BILL IN

CASE THOSE ARE VAGUE AND SUCEPTIBLE TO

DIFFERENT INTERPRETAIONS

• PASSING JUDEGEMENTS ON THE ACTIONS TAKEN

DURING IMPLEMENTAION INCROACHING RIGHTS OF THECITIZEN OR AGAINST THE SPIRIT OF CONSTITUTION

• JUDICIARY HAS POWER TO STRIKE SUBORDINATE OR

ADMINSTRATIVE LEGISLATION

• ADMINISTARTIVE TRIBUNAL CREATED TO ABJUDICATE

DISPUTES REGARDING EXECUTION OF ACT OR POLICY




ROLE OF NGOs

• TO SUPPLEMENT GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES

• TO SERVE AS EYES AND EARS OF THE VILLAGERS

• TO ACTIVATE AND IMPROVERESPONSIVENESS OF THE

DELIVERY SYSTEM TO MEET THE FELT NEED OF THE

POOR• TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION ABOUT SAILENT

FEATURES OF THE GOVERNMENT POLICY

• TO MOBILISE AND ORGANISE THE POOR TO DEMAND

QUALITY SERVICE AND IMPOSE A SYSTEM OF

ACCOUNTABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF

GRASSROOT GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONARIES



PROBLEMS IN POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

“ THE OUTSIDERS BELIEVE A PRESIDENT’S ORDER IS

CONSISTENTLY FOLLOWED. NONSENSE, I HAVE TO SPEND

CONSIDEARBLE TIME SEEING THAT IT IS CARRIED OUT

AND IN THE SPIRIT THE PRESIDENT INTENDED.”

Dr. Henery Kissinger, Ex – Secretary of State




POLICY STATEMENT

SUPPORTING SERVICES

LACK OF STAFF

FINANCIAL AND INFRASTRUCTUTRAL SUPPORTLACK OF SUPPORT FROM TOP

SHORTAGE OF TIME

GIGANTIC TARGETS




PRESSURES ON IMPLEMENTORS

POLITICAL PRESSURE

CITIZENS NOT COOPEARTIVE

VESTED INTEREST

IMPLEMENTOR INCLINATIONS

LACK OF WILL

LACK OF INITIATIVE

LACKOF TEAM SPIRIT

CORRUPTION

LACK OF MOTIVATION

LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY



Cause and Effect

Supporting

Services

Delay in Policy

Implementation

Implementors

Inclinations

Pressures on

Implementors

Policy

Statement

is not Clearly

WordedLegal

Terminologies

Without

Explanations

Lack of Farsightedness

Political

Pressures

Vested

Interests

Citizens are

Not Cooperative

Lack of Staff Lack of Halp and

Support from Top

Financial

Constraints Shortage of Time

Lack of Initiative

Gigantic Targets

Lack of Will

Officials Made

Corrupt by

Vested Interests

Lack of Team spirit

In Implementing

Policies

Lack of

Accountability

Lack of Motivation

Policy

Statement



EFFECTIVE POLICY IMPLEMENTAION MECHANISM

IT WOULD INCLUDE

POLITICAL STRATEGIES

ADMINSTARIVE STRATEGIES

EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES

Date post:	29-Oct-2015
Category:	Documents
Upload:	hudda-riaz
View:	38 times
Download:	0 times

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION.ppt

Documents