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POLISH PHONOLOGY Presented by: Wendy Guo 2/26/16
POLISH PHONOLOGYPresented by: Wendy Guo2/26/16
Data2
Singular Plural Singular Plural
klup klubi ‘club’ trup trupi ‘corpse’dom domi ‘house’ snop snopi ‘sheaf’ʒwup ʒwobi ‘crib’ trut trudi ‘labor’dzvon dzvoni ‘bell’ kot koti ‘cat’lut lodi ‘ice’ grus gruzi ‘rubble’nos nosi ‘nose’ vus vozi ‘cart’wuk wugi ‘lye’ wuk wuki ‘bow’sok soki ‘juice’ ruk rogi ‘horn’bur bori ‘forest’ vuw vowi ‘ox’sul soli ‘salt’ buj boji ‘fight’ʃum ʃumi ‘noise’ ʒur ʒuri ‘soup’
Question: What rules are needed to account for the alternations, and in what order?
Morphological analysis3
Singular Plural Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’ trup trup-i ‘corpse’dom dom-i ‘house’ snop snop-i ‘sheaf’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ trut trud-i ‘labor’dzvon dzvon-i ‘bell’ kot kot-i ‘cat’lut lod-i ‘ice’ grus gruz-i ‘rubble’nos nos-i ‘nose’ vus voz-i ‘cart’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ wuk wuk-i ‘bow’sok sok-i ‘juice’ ruk rog-i ‘horn’bur bor-i ‘forest’ vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’ buj boj-i ‘fight’ʃum ʃum-i ‘noise’ ʒur ʒur-i ‘soup’
Plural Morpheme: /-i/
What are the alternations?4
Singular Plural Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’ trup trup-i ‘corpse’dom dom-i ‘house’ snop snop-i ‘sheaf’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ trut trud-i ‘labor’dzvon dzvon-i ‘bell’ kot kot-i ‘cat’lut lod-i ‘ice’ grus gruz-i ‘rubble’nos nos-i ‘nose’ vus voz-i ‘cart’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ wuk wuk-i ‘bow’sok sok-i ‘juice’ ruk rog-i ‘horn’bur bor-i ‘forest’ vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’ buj boj-i ‘fight’ʃum ʃum-i ‘noise’ ʒur ʒur-i ‘soup’
What are the alternations?5
Singular Plural Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’ trup trup-i ‘corpse’dom dom-i ‘house’ snop snop-i ‘sheaf’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ trut trud-i ‘labor’dzvon dzvon-i ‘bell’ kot kot-i ‘cat’lut lod-i ‘ice’ grus gruz-i ‘rubble’nos nos-i ‘nose’ vus voz-i ‘cart’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ wuk wuk-i ‘bow’sok sok-i ‘juice’ ruk rog-i ‘horn’bur bor-i ‘forest’ vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’ buj boj-i ‘fight’ʃum ʃum-i ‘noise’ ʒur ʒur-i ‘soup’
Alternation 1: voicing of final obstruent (voiced vs. voiceless)
What are the alternations?6
Singular Plural Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’ trup trup-i ‘corpse’dom dom-i ‘house’ snop snop-i ‘sheaf’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ trut trud-i ‘labor’dzvon dzvon-i ‘bell’ kot kot-i ‘cat’lut lod-i ‘ice’ grus gruz-i ‘rubble’nos nos-i ‘nose’ vus voz-i ‘cart’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ wuk wuk-i ‘bow’sok sok-i ‘juice’ ruk rog-i ‘horn’bur bor-i ‘forest’ vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’ buj boj-i ‘fight’ʃum ʃum-i ‘noise’ ʒur ʒur-i ‘soup’
Alternation 1: voicing of final obstruent (voiced vs. voiceless)
What are the alternations?7
Singular Plural Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’ trup trup-i ‘corpse’dom dom-i ‘house’ snop snop-i ‘sheaf’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ trut trud-i ‘labor’dzvon dzvon-i ‘bell’ kot kot-i ‘cat’lut lod-i ‘ice’ grus gruz-i ‘rubble’nos nos-i ‘nose’ vus voz-i ‘cart’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ wuk wuk-i ‘bow’sok sok-i ‘juice’ ruk rog-i ‘horn’bur bor-i ‘forest’ vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’ buj boj-i ‘fight’ʃum ʃum-i ‘noise’ ʒur ʒur-i ‘soup’
Alternation 1: voicing of final obstruent (voiced vs. voiceless)Alternation 2: quality of the preceding vowel ([u] vs. [o])
What are the alternations?8
Singular Plural Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’ trup trup-i ‘corpse’dom dom-i ‘house’ snop snop-i ‘sheaf’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ trut trud-i ‘labor’dzvon dzvon-i ‘bell’ kot kot-i ‘cat’lut lod-i ‘ice’ grus gruz-i ‘rubble’nos nos-i ‘nose’ vus voz-i ‘cart’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ wuk wuk-i ‘bow’sok sok-i ‘juice’ ruk rog-i ‘horn’bur bor-i ‘forest’ vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’ buj boj-i ‘fight’ʃum ʃum-i ‘noise’ ʒur ʒur-i ‘soup’
Alternation 1: voicing of final obstruent (voiced vs. voiceless)Alternation 2: quality of the preceding vowel ([u] vs. [o])
Sorting out the data…9
Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’trut trud-i ‘labor’grus gruz-i ‘rubble’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rog-i ‘horn’lut lod-i ‘ice’vus voz-i ‘cart’bur bor-i ‘forest’vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’buj boj-i ‘fight’
Singular Plural
snop snop-i ‘sheaf’kot kot-i ‘cat’ sok sok-i ‘juice’nos nos-i ‘nose’trup trup-i ‘corpse’wuk wuk-i ‘bow’dzvon dzvon-i ‘bell’dom dom-i ‘house’ʃum ʃum-i ‘noise’ʒur ʒur-i ‘soup’
2 Alternations…10
#2. Quality of the preceding
V: [u] vs. [o]
#1. Voicing of the final
obstruent: voiced vs. voiceless
Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’trut trud-i ‘labor’grus gruz-i ‘rubble’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rog-i ‘horn’lut lod-i ‘ice’vus voz-i ‘cart’bur bor-i ‘forest’vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’buj boj-i ‘fight’
Alternation #111
Which one reflects the underlying form?
#1. Voicing of the final
obstruent: voiced vs. voiceless
Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’trut trud-i ‘labor’grus gruz-i ‘rubble’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rog-i ‘horn’lut lod-i ‘ice’vus voz-i ‘cart’
What is the UR of Alternation #1?
12
Hypothesis 1: UR reflected in Singular.
However!
Singular Pluraltrup trup-i ‘corpse’snop snop-i ‘sheaf’kot kot-i ‘cat’ sok sok-i ‘juice’wuk wuk-i ‘bow’nos nos-i ‘nose’
Predicted Pl.
*trub-i*snob-i*kod-i*sod-i*wug-i*noz-i
need a intervocalic voicing rule
Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’trut trud-i ‘labor’grus gruz-i ‘rubble’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rog-i ‘horn’lut lod-i ‘ice’vus voz-i ‘cart’
What is the UR of Alternation #1?
13
Hypothesis 2: UR reflected in Plural.
Singular Plural
dzvon dzvon-i ‘bell’dom dom-i ‘house’ʃum ʃum-i ‘noise’ʒur ʒur-i ‘soup’
need a devoicing rule that affects final obstruents(not nasals or approximants)
This hypothesis does not derive any unobserved forms, thus we accept it!
Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’trut trud-i ‘labor’grus gruz-i ‘rubble’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rog-i ‘horn’lut lod-i ‘ice’vus voz-i ‘cart’
☞ Rule #114
Obstruents becomes voiceless in word final position
[-son] [-voi] / __#
Singular Plural
klup klub-i ‘club’trut trud-i ‘labor’grus gruz-i ‘rubble’wuk wug-i ‘lye’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rog-i ‘horn’lut lod-i ‘ice’vus voz-i ‘cart’
UR (or potential URs)
/klub//trud//gruz//wug/either /ʒwub/ or /ʒwob/either /rug/ or /rog/either /lud/ or /lod/either /vuz/ or /voz/
Alternation #215
Singular Plural
bur bor-i ‘forest’vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’buj boj-i ‘fight’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rog-i ‘horn’lut lod-i ‘ice’vus voz-i ‘cart’
2. Quality of the preceding
V: [u] vs. [o]
Which one reflects the underlying form?
What is the UR of Alternation #2?
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Hypothesis 1: UR reflected in Singular.
Singular Plural
bur bor-i ‘forest’vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’buj boj-i ‘fight’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rog-i ‘horn’lut lod-i ‘ice’vus voz-i ‘cart’
uo before a voiced, non-nasal, and non-approximant C in a non-final positionHowever!
Singular Pluralklup klub-i ‘club’trut trud-i ‘labor’grus gruz-i ‘rubble’wuk wug-i ‘lye’
Predicted Pl.
*klob-i*trod-i*groz-i*wog-i
trup trup-i ‘corpse’wuk wuk-i ‘bow’ʃum ʃum-i ‘noise’ʒur ʒur-i ‘soup’
What is the UR of Alternation #2?
17
Hypothesis 2: UR reflected in Plural.
Singular Plural
bur bor-i ‘forest’vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’buj boj-i ‘fight’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rog-i ‘horn’lut lod-i ‘ice’vus voz-i ‘cart’
o>u in final syllable preceding a non-nasal C
snop snop-i ‘sheaf’kot kot-i ‘cat’ sok sok-i ‘juice’nos nos-i ‘nose’
dzvon dzvon-i ‘bell’dom dom-i ‘house’
underlyingly [-voi]
However!
Singular Pluralklup klub-i ‘club’trut trud-i ‘labor’grus gruz-i ‘rubble’wuk wug-i ‘lye’
Rule #1!!!underlyingl
y [+voi]
What is the UR of Alternation #2?
18
Hypothesis 2: UR reflected in Plural.
Singular Plural
bur bor-i ‘forest’vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’buj boj-i ‘fight’ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rog-i ‘horn’lut lod-i ‘ice’vus voz-i ‘cart’
o>u in final syllable preceding a non-nasal C
snop snop-i ‘sheaf’kot kot-i ‘cat’ sok sok-i ‘juice’nos nos-i ‘nose’
dzvon dzvon-i ‘bell’dom dom-i ‘house’
Maybe Alternation #2 happens before
Rule #1?
What is the UR of Alternation #2?
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Hypothesis 2: UR reflected in Plural.
Singular Plural
bur bor-i ‘forest’vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’buj boj-i ‘fight’ʒwup ʒwub ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rug rog-i ‘horn’lut lud lod-i ‘ice’vus vuz voz-i ‘cart’
o>u in final syllable preceding a voiced and non-nasal C (i.e. voiced obstruents and approximants)
snop snop-i ‘sheaf’kot kot-i ‘cat’ sok sok-i ‘juice’nos nos-i ‘nose’
dzvon dzvon-i ‘bell’dom dom-i ‘house’
☞ Rule #220
Vowel of the final syllable is raised ([o][u]) when preceding voiced obstruents or approximants
[+syl] [+hi] / __[-syl, +voi, -nas]# Has to precede Rule #1!
Singular Plural
bur bor-i ‘forest’vuw vow-i ‘ox’sul sol-i ‘salt’buj boj-i ‘fight’ʒwup ʒwub ʒwob-i ‘crib’ruk rug rog-i ‘horn’lut lud lod-i ‘ice’vus vuz voz-i ‘cart’
UR
/bor//vow//sol//boj//ʒwob//rog//lod//voz/
Summary21
2 Rules1. Rule #2: [+syl] [+hi] / __[-syl, +voi, -nas]#2. Rule #1: [-son] [-voi] / __#
Rule #2 applies before Rule #1
Testing the hypothesis…22
Singular Plural UR ➠ Rule #2 ➠ Rule #1 ➠ SR
klup klub-i ‘club’ /klub/ - klup [klup]trut trud-i ‘labor’ /trud/ - trut [trut]grus gruz-i ‘rubble’ /gruz/ - grus [grus]wuk wug-i ‘lye’ /wug/ - wuk [wuk]ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ /ʒwob/ ʒwub ʒwup [ʒwup]ruk rog-i ‘horn’ /rog/ rug ruk [ruk]lut lod-i ‘ice’ /lod/ lud lut [lut]vus voz-i ‘cart’ /voz/ vuz vus [vus]bur bor-i ‘forest’ /bor/ bur - [bur]vuw vow-i ‘ox’ /vow/ vuw - [vuw]sul sol-i ‘salt’ /sol/ sul - [sul]buj boj-i ‘fight’ /boj/ buj - [buj]
What if Rule #1 happened first…
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Singular Plural UR ➠ Rule #1 ➠ Rule #2 ➠ SR ➠klup klub-i ‘club’ /klub/ klup - [klup]trut trud-i ‘labor’ /trud/ trut - [trut]grus gruz-i ‘rubble’ /gruz/ grus - [grus]wuk wug-i ‘lye’ /wug/ wuk - [wuk]ʒwup ʒwob-i ‘crib’ /ʒwob/ ʒwop - *[ʒwop]ruk rog-i ‘horn’ /rog/ rok - *[rok]lut lod-i ‘ice’ /lod/ lot - *[lot]vus voz-i ‘cart’ /voz/ vos - *[vos]bur bor-i ‘forest’ /bor/ - bur [bur]vuw vow-i ‘ox’ /vow/ - vuw [vuw]sul sol-i ‘salt’ /sol/ - sul [sul]buj boj-i ‘fight’ /boj/ - buj [buj]
