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Jobs of any Govn’tJobs of any Govn’t
1. Maintain social order
2. Provide national security
3. Provide social services to the people
4. Support economic stability & growth
Levels of Govn’tLevels of Govn’t• Most will have national, regional, and
local–U.S., Texas, Sugar Land
• Two diff. ways of organizing them-–Unitary system
–Federal system
Unitary SystemUnitary System
• All key powers held by national govn’t(unified)
–National govn’t then creates the lower levels and gives them limited sovereignty• Sovereignty = complete independence or
self-rule
• Ex’s: United Kingdom & France
Federal SystemFederal System• Powers are divided b/w national and
state govn’ts.–Supreme power is given to national
(federal) level
–States have powers fed. govn’t cannot touch (sovereignty in certain areas)
• Ex’s: USA, Mexico, Canada, Brazil, India
Unitary
Federal
Confederate
Strong Central
Government
Shared Powers
Strong States
Governments
Levels of Government Review
Types of Govn’tTypes of Govn’t
• How do they exercise authority?• Who runs the government?
• 3 diff. categories:–Autocracy–Oligarchy–Democracy
AutocracyAutocracy• Single person has all the power
–Oldest and most common
–Get power from inheritance, or force (military, police)
• Two types:–Totalitarian Dictatorship
–Monarchy
AutocracyAutocracy• Totalitarian
Dictatorship– Controls all aspects
of society & economy
– People have no say, no power to limit ruler’s axns
Ex’s: Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, Kim
Jong Il
AutocracyAutocracy• Monarchy
– Absolute monarch (king/queen) has all power
– Typically inherited
• Ex’s: Saudi Arabia
– Constitutional monarch shares power with legislative branch• Ex’s: UK, Japan
OligarchyOligarchy
• Small group of people who hold power–Gets power by wealth, military, social
position, religion
–Mostly in communist countries• Leaders of communist party
–Most opposition is suppressed
DemocracyDemocracy• Leaders rule with consent of the
people (popular sovereignty)• Comes from Greek words ‘demos’ =
people, and ‘kratia’= rule
• Two types:–Direct
–Representative
DemocracyDemocracy• Direct- citizens vote and decide on all
issues directly–No country has direct–Can only occur in small groups
• Representative- citizens elect reps to make decisions based on their needs–Republics have ALL officials elected–Ex’s: USA, France, UK
• UK is a democracy with a constitutional monarch
Economic SystemsEconomic Systems
• There are 3 basic questions to ask:1. What and how many goods & services
are produced?
2. How should the above be produced?
3. Who gets the goods & services that are produced?
Each country answers differently…
Traditional EconomyTraditional Economy• Rules & customs determined by
habit, what the ancestors did
• Roles passed down thru generations–Dad is farmer, son is a farmer
–Not a lot of individual choice
• People grow what they need to live
• Only in limited places
• Ex: Inuit society in Canada
Market EconomyMarket Economy• Decisions made by individuals and
private groups–Supply & demand ppl choose what to
buy so businesses make what ppl want
–People choose what jobs they want & who they’ll work for
–Free enterprise/ capitalism• Limited govn’t interference
–NO one has a PURE market economy
Market EconomyMarket Economy
• Mixed Economy- free enterprise supported and regulated by govn’t–Govn’t keeps competition fair, trade
free, supports public’s best interest
–Ex: USA, Japan, Singapore
Command EconomyCommand Economy
• Govn’t owns and directs the economy–Decisions about production &
distribution of goods & services• Controls ‘means of production’ (land, labor,
capital)
–Goal is to distribute G&S equally
–Taxes support social services to all citizens
Command EconomyCommand Economy• Socialism (France, Canada)
–Equally distribute wealth is goal–Public ownership of means of
production• Typically found in democratic nations• Ppl elect reps who make economic
decisions on their behalf• Can be under range of free enterprise
–If you make a surplus, you can keep the extra instead of “sharing” it
Command EconomyCommand Economy• Communism
– Equally distribute wealth, goods, get rid of social classes (Marxism)
– Govn’t makes all economic decisions• Typically by force/coercion, no voice of ppl
Communist Party
– Most decline w/o free decision making/ incentives (USSR)
– Ex’s: China & Vietnam now allow some free enterprise to promote growth; North Korea does not