Political Geography Review

Types of Government

• Monarchy

• Theocracy

• Democracy

• Republic

• Dictatorship

• Communist

• Totalitarian

Related Terms

• Nation

• State

• Nation State

• Stateless Nation

China and Taiwan

• Taiwan is NOT a member of the UN

Development of the “state”

• Not the United “States”

• City-state – first evolved in Mesopotamia– Walls defined city boundaries– City controlled land outside wall too– Led to empires

Vatican City is a present-day city-state

Colonialism

• When did it start?

• Why?

Backstory…

• In 711, Muslims conquer Spain– control for over 700 years

• Spanish reconquista culminates in 1492, along side the Spanish Inquisition

• Spain says convert, leave, or die to non-Christians

• Need to find a new trade route to Asia, avoid more Muslim conflict

Israel and Palestine

• Creation of Israel in 1948

• Palestinians are generally Arab Muslims

• Israelis are Jewish

• Palestinians seek statehood

Microstate

• Very small states, less than 1000 sq. mi. – Monaco is smallest in UN

• Many are islands

• Vatican City is a microstate but not a part of the UN

Shapes of States

• Compact – little variance in distance from center to any boundary–Interaction is

easier–Examples:

Burundi, Kenya, Switzerland

Prorupted States

• An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension

• Can provide access to a resource

• Can disrupt other states• Examples: Nambia,

Thailand, DRC, Myanmar

Elongated States

• Long and narrow shape

• Can lead to isolation or hinder communication and interaction

• Example: Chile, Argentina, Vietnam

Fragmented State

• Contains several discontinuous pieces of territory

• Can be caused by water or other states

• Ex: Indonesia, Philippines, Russia

Perforated States

• Completely surrounds another state

• Diplomacy is crucial

• Ex: South Africa (perforated) and Lesotho (compact)

Know these organizations and their functions

• UN

• EU

• NATO

• Warsaw Pact

• NAFTA

• ASEAN

Major Conceptual Connections

• Migration - quotas, refugees, political push and pull factors

• Religion – theocracies, shapes lawmaking• Population – political policies respond to

demographics of each country – One Child Policy• Ethnicity – Governments may discriminate• Rural and Urban Land Use – Zoning Ordinances• Development – Women’s participation in

government

2006 Released AP Test

• Political Land Use Questions

Which of the following correctly lists the usual hierarchy of political-administrative units in order from the largest to the smallest?

a. Empire, county, province, nation-stateb. Province, empire, nation-state, countyc. Empire, nation-state, province, countyd. County, nation-state, province, empiree. Empire, nation-state, county, province

Which of the following correctly lists the usual hierarchy of political-administrative units in order from the largest to the smallest?

a. Empire, county, province, nation-stateb. Province, empire, nation-state, countyc. Empire, nation-state, province, countyd. County, nation-state, province, empiree. Empire, nation-state, county, province

With respect to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. It resulted in increased trade among member nations

b. It outlines an eventual supranational governing body for North America.

c. It led to a net trade deficit for the United States with Canada and Mexico

d. It facilitated the movement of tertiary-sector industries from the United States to Mexico

e. It eventually may include other Latin American countries

With respect to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. It resulted in increased trade among member nations

b. It outlines an eventual supranational governing body for North America.

c. It led to a net trade deficit for the United States with Canada and Mexico

d. It facilitated the movement of tertiary-sector industries from the United States to Mexico

e. It eventually may include other Latin American countries

The term Balkanization refers to thea. Fragmentation of a region into smaller

unitsb. Introduction of an economic system of

free enterprisec. Spread of Slavic languagesd. Industrial growth in less-developed

nationse. Military and economic alliance of a group

of countries

The term Balkanization refers to thea. Fragmentation of a region into smaller

unitsb. Introduction of an economic system of

free enterprisec. Spread of Slavic languagesd. Industrial growth in less-developed

nationse. Military and economic alliance of a group

of countries

The shape of North Carolina’s Twelfth Congressional District, shown below, is most likely the result of

a. Watershed boundaries

b. gerrymandering

c. County boundaries

d. decentralization

e. amalgamation

The shape of North Carolina’s Twelfth Congressional District, shown above, is most likely the result of

a. Watershed boundaries

b. gerrymandering

c. County boundaries

d. decentralization

e. amalgamation

The European Union, the Arab League, and the United Nations are all examples of

a. Pressure groups

b. Nation-states

c. Centrifugal organizations

d. Supranational organizations

e. federations

The European Union, the Arab League, and the United Nations are all examples of

a. Pressure groups

b. Nation-states

c. Centrifugal organizations

d. Supranational organizations

e. federations

Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states?

a. European Union (EU)

b. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

d. Association of Caribbean States (ACS)

e. United Nations (UN)

Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states?

a. European Union (EU)

b. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

d. Association of Caribbean States (ACS)

e. United Nations (UN)

Land parcels in the American Midwest tend to be rectilinear because

a. The federal survey system adopted in the late eighteenth century imposed a geometric pattern on the landscape

b. Native American settlement patterns were rectangular

c. English-speaking settlers replicated the landscape patterns of England

d. Spanish colonists laid out settlements in a rigid geometric pattern

e. There were no mountains or rivers to use as boundaries

Land parcels in the American Midwest tend to be rectilinear because

a. The federal survey system adopted in the late eighteenth century imposed a geometric pattern on the landscape

b. Native American settlement patterns were rectangular

c. English-speaking settlers replicated the landscape patterns of England

d. Spanish colonists laid out settlements in a rigid geometric pattern

e. There were no mountains or rivers to use as boundaries

Which of the following terms refers to an area of instability located between regions with opposing political and cultural values?

a. Rimlandb. Heartlandc. Shatter beltd. enclavee. Gerrymandered area

Which of the following terms refers to an area of instability located between regions with opposing political and cultural values?

a. Rimlandb. Heartlandc. Shatter beltd. enclavee. Gerrymandered area

Violent confrontations in Ambon, Aceh, and East Timor illustrate the problem of holding together the physically and culturally diverse country of

a. Indiab. Indonesiac. Brazild. South Africae. Yugoslavia

Violent confrontations in Ambon, Aceh, and East Timor illustrate the problem of holding together the physically and culturally diverse country of

a. Indiab. Indonesiac. Brazild. South Africae. Yugoslavia

Which of the following countries did NOT have a significant, long-lasting colonial presence in Africa after 1920?

a. Germany

b. Great Britain

c. France

d. Portugal

e. Belgium

Which of the following countries did NOT have a significant, long-lasting colonial presence in Africa after 1920?

a. Germany

b. Great Britain

c. France

d. Portugal

e. Belgium

The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones?

a. Twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone

b. Export processing zone (EPZ)

c. 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone

d. Empowerment zone

e. Continental shelf

The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones?

a. Twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone

b. Export processing zone (EPZ)

c. 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone

d. Empowerment zone

e. Continental shelf

The Canadian government created the new territory of Nunavut in order to

a. Re-create the pre-1912 boundary of Quebecb. Recognize the territorial rights of indigenous

people in the areac. Facilitate the exploration of mineral resources

in the Northwest Territoriesd. Grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk

people living in eastern Canadae. Guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the

Atlantic Ocean

The Canadian government created the new territory of Nunavut in order to

a. Re-create the pre-1912 boundary of Quebecb. Recognize the territorial rights of indigenous

people in the areac. Facilitate the exploration of mineral resources

in the Northwest Territoriesd. Grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk

people living in eastern Canadae. Guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the

Atlantic Ocean

Inuit people – The First Nations