Political parties II.ppt

8/18/2019 Political parties II.ppt

1/23

Political PartiesPolitical Parties

And Election Systems And Election Systems


2/23

Political Parties & DemocracyPolitical Parties & Democracy

In democracies, citizens organize theirIn democracies, citizens organize their

political activity through political parties andpolitical activity through political parties and

the election process.the election process.

Parties develop out of our differences aboutParties develop out of our differences about

ho to achieve common goals. !hey are aho to achieve common goals. !hey are anatural product of a democratic and freenatural product of a democratic and free

society.society.


3/23

Purpose of PartiesPurpose of Parties

According to the te"t, the purpose is #to put According to the te"t, the purpose is #to put

forard proposed leaders hom theyforard proposed leaders hom they

support for official positions in government.$support for official positions in government.$

Also, parties ant to have an impact on Also, parties ant to have an impact on

public policy. !hey don%t simply ant to inpublic policy. !hey don%t simply ant to inoffice they ant to in office so that theyoffice they ant to in office so that they

can affect hat decisions are made.can affect hat decisions are made.


4/23

Purpose of PartiesPurpose of Parties

Even hen they lose office, parties performEven hen they lose office, parties perform

a useful role in a democracy, by organizinga useful role in a democracy, by organizing

the opposition and offering alternatives.the opposition and offering alternatives.

Parties create important lin's beteen theParties create important lin's beteen thevoter, groups & government. !o succeed,voter, groups & government. !o succeed,

they must build consensus.they must build consensus.


5/23

Party (unctionsParty (unctions

). they mobilize ordinary citizens, either to). they mobilize ordinary citizens, either to

vote or to achieve some other political goal.vote or to achieve some other political goal.

*. they recruit and socialize leaders, even*. they recruit and socialize leaders, evenin one+party states.in one+party states.

. they provide a long+lasting sense of party. they provide a long+lasting sense of party

identification.identification.


6/23

Party (unctionsParty (unctions

-. they can provide a means for party-. they can provide a means for partyleaders to control ran' and file members.leaders to control ran' and file members.

. they provide lin's beteen/. they provide lin's beteen/ 0 1ranches of government in a separation of1ranches of government in a separation of

poers system.poers system.

0 2evels of government in a federal system.2evels of government in a federal system.

0 3itizens and government in all systems.3itizens and government in all systems.


7/23

Parties in 4on+democraciesParties in 4on+democracies

Functions may differ. They:Functions may differ. They:

5 mobilize support for the regime.5 mobilize support for the regime.

5 recruit and train potential leaders.5 recruit and train potential leaders.5 oversee the bureaucracy.5 oversee the bureaucracy.

5 spy on population 6in totalitarian systems75 spy on population 6in totalitarian systems7

4ot a lin' beteen the bottom and top, but a4ot a lin' beteen the bottom and top, but ameans of social control by the top over themeans of social control by the top over thebottom.bottom.


8/23


9/23

!ypes of Party Systems!ypes of Party Systems

Dominant Party SystemDominant Party System one+party dominates for one+party dominates for

long periods of time. 4o legal ban on otherlong periods of time. 4o legal ban on other

parties, but only one party has chance to inparties, but only one party has chance to in

office, and there may be informal harassment ofoffice, and there may be informal harassment ofopposition parties.opposition parties.

E"amples/E"amples/

0P;I in s

0 ?apan until the )==>s?apan until the )==>s

0 SingaporeSingapore


10/23


!o Party System!o Party System. Either party has genuine. Either party has genuine

chance to in office elections truly competitive.chance to in office elections truly competitive.

Additional parties not outlaed but have serious Additional parties not outlaed but have serious

difficulty inning because of electoral system.difficulty inning because of electoral system.

!end to be umbrella parties tend to be stable.!end to be umbrella parties tend to be stable.

Disadvantage/Disadvantage/ @oters limited to to choices.@oters limited to to choices.

E"amples/E"amples/

0 nited States, 3anada, 1ritain, 4e Bealandnited States, 3anada, 1ritain, 4e Bealand


11/23



12/23


InIn


13/23

E"ample/ Israeli Elections *>>E"ample/ Israeli Elections *>>

>>

Election outcome/Election outcome/

:adima Party:adima Partyins the most ithins the most ith

* seats in the* seats in the

:nesset. !he ne:nesset. !he nePrime


14/23

E"ample/ Israeli Elections *>>E"ample/ Israeli Elections *>>

Winning partyWinning party:: :adima/ * seats, centrist:adima/ * seats, centristProbable partnersProbable partners::*. 2abour/ *> seats, centre+left*. 2abour/ *> seats, centre+leftPossible partnersPossible partners::

. Shas/ ) seats, ultra+orthodo". Shas/ ) seats, ultra+orthodo"-. Pensioners/ F seats, single+issue-. Pensioners/ F seats, single+issue. !orah ?udaism/ seats, ultra+orthodo". !orah ?udaism/ seats, ultra+orthodo". seats)>. 4ational nionG;eligious/ = seats, far+right, settlers)>. 4ational nionG;eligious/ = seats, far+right, settlers


15/23

Elections & partiesElections & parties

9rigsby/ #Election strategies are influenced9rigsby/ #Election strategies are influencedheavily by election rules concerning theheavily by election rules concerning thecounting of votes.$counting of votes.$

Election rules include/ ho votes areElection rules include/ ho votes arecounted if some seats are set aside forcounted if some seats are set aside forcertain groups of voters, if any considerationcertain groups of voters, if any consideration

is given to a candidate ho places a closeis given to a candidate ho places a closesecond.second.

!he rules determine the party system.!he rules determine the party system.


16/23

!ypes of Election Systems!ypes of Election Systems

Single Member Plurality (SMPSingle Member Plurality (SMP

!he candidate ho ins a plurality of the!he candidate ho ins a plurality of thevote prevails a maCority is not needed. 8nlyvote prevails a maCority is not needed. 8nly

one seat per district. 4o ay for voters toone seat per district. 4o ay for voters todesignate their *designate their *ndnd choice. !ends to producechoice. !ends to producea to+party system unless a small party%sa to+party system unless a small party%svoters are concentrated in a district.voters are concentrated in a district.

sed in the .S., 3anada, India, 1ritain, 4esed in the .S., 3anada, India, 1ritain, 4eBealandBealand, 9ermany., 9ermany.


17/23


18/23


19/23


20/23


21/23

SampleSample

ballot if ballot if

e usede usedP; forP; for

3ongress3ongress


22/23

parliamentary seats/

Kuisenberry Party ins >JKuisenberry Party ins >J

Higgins Party ins >JHiggins Party ins >J

1a'er Party ins *>J1a'er Party ins *>J

Lo many seats does each party inLo many seats does each party in


23/23

J

Kuisenberry Party ins >JKuisenberry Party ins >J

1a'er Party ins *>J1a'er Party ins *>J

S8/S8/

Higginistas gain seatsHigginistas gain seatsKuisenberries in seatsKuisenberries in seats

1a'erites gain * seats1a'erites gain * seats

Date post:	06-Jul-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	jp-villas
View:	216 times
Download:	0 times

Political parties II.ppt

Documents