MADE BY

NIKHIL GUPTA

X -A

What are political parties?

A political party is a group of people who come

together to contest elections and hold power

in the government. They agree on some

policies and programmes for a society with a

view to promote collective good.

A political party has three main components-

1.The leaders

2.The active members and

3. The supporters.

Functions of the political

parties Parties contest elections.

Parties form and run governments in country.

Parties put different policies and programmes.

Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.

Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition to the parties in power.

Parties shape public opinion by raising and highlighting issues.

Parties provide people access to gov.t machinery and welfare schemes implemented.

What a common Indian think

about political parties?

Most people in India tend to be very critical of

political parties. They blame parties for all the

wrong with our democracy and our political life.

the parties were also identified with social and

political divisions in our country.

Why do we need

political parties? We can understand the necessity of political parties by

imagining a situation where political parties doesn’t exist.

Every candidate in the elections will be independent , so no

candidate will be able to make any promises to the people

about any major changes. The government may be formed

but its utility will remain ever uncertain. Elected

representatives will be accountable to their consistuency

only. No one will be responsible for how the country will

be run

Different party systems in the worldSingle dominant party

In one party systems ,one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power.

Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed, they are legally required to

accept the leadership of the dominant party. This party may not always be identical

to the government, although sometimes positions within the party may in fact be

more important than positions within the government. China is an example;

Two political parties

Two party systems are states such as United States of America in which there are

two political parties dominant to such an extent that electoral success under the

banner of any other party is almost impossible. One right wing coalition party and

one left wing coalition party .

Multiple political parties

A poster for the European parliament election 2004 in Italy, showing party lists

Multi party systems are systems in which more than two parties are represented

and elected to public office.

Australia ,Canada ,Pakistan ,India ,Ireland ,United Kingdom and Norway are

examples of countries with two strong parties and additional smaller parties that

have also obtained representation. The smaller or "third" parties may form a part of

a coalition government together with one of the larger parties or act independently

from the other dominant parties.

More commonly, in cases where there are three or more parties, no one party is likely

to gain power alone, and parties work with each other to form coalition

government .

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN

PARTY SYSTEM

1. Multiple Party system – In 2006 – national parties -6;

regional parties -35, non – recognized parties – 612,

2. Rise of Effective Opposition Party

3. Independent Members

4. Existence of many Communal and Regional Parties

5. Absence of Specific Constitutional Provision - Article 19(C)

-All citizens shall have the right to form associations or

unions.

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Types of political parties

There are two types of political parties –

1.National parties – A party that secures at least 6% of the

total votes in lok sabha elections or assembly elections in four

states and win at least 4 seats in lok sabha is recognized as a

national party.

2.State / Regional parties – A party that secures atleast 6% of

the of the total votes in state legislative assembly elections

and wins at least 2 seats is recognized as state party.

MAJOR NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES

S.N. Symbol Flag Name Acronym Year Party leader

1. Bahujan Samaj Party BSP 1984 Mayawati

2. Bharatiya Janata Party BJP 1980 Nitin Gadkari

3.Communist Party of

IndiaCPI 1925 A.B. Bardhan

4.Communist Party of

India (MarxistCPI (M) 1964 Prakash Karat

5.Indian National

CongressINC 1885 Sonia Gandhi

6.Nationalist Congress

PartyNCP 1999 Sharad Pawar

INDIAN NATIONAL

CONGRESS (INC)

One of the oldest parties of the world

. Founded in 1885 by members of the occultist movementTheosophical Society—Allan Octavian

Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Wacha, Womesh Chandra

Bonnerjee, Surendranath Banerjee, Monomohun Ghose, and Mahadev

Govind Ranade

It played a important role in the independence of India.

It was a ruling party till 1977 after independence.

A centrist party in its ideological orientation, the party espouses

secularism and welfare of weaker sections.

Currently leads the ruling united progressive alliance.

The party's political symbol is hand

Prime Ministers of the Republic

of India from the Indian

National Congress

Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964)

Gulzarilal Nanda (May–June 1964 and in

January 1966)

Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964–1966)

Indira Gandhi (1966–1977, 1980–1984)

Rajiv Gandhi (1984–1989)

P.V. Narasimha Rao (1991–1996)

Manmohan Singh (2004–)

Chairperson Sonia GandhiLeader in Lok Sabha Pranab Mukherjee

Leader in Rajya Sabha Manmohan Singh

Headquarters 24, Akbar Road,New Delhi, 110011

Student wing National Students Union of India

Youth wing Indian Youth CongressWomen's wing Mahila CongressLabour wing Indian National Trade

Union CongressPolitical position Center-leftInternational affiliation Alliance of DemocratsOfficial colours AquaECI Status National PartyAlliance United Progressive

Alliance (UPA)Seats in Lok Sabha 205 / 545Seats in Rajya Sabha 70 / 250

BHARTIYA JANTA

PARTY (BJP)

The BJP is the current form of the erstwhile Bharatiya Jana

Sangh (BJS, Indian People's Union ), which was founded in

October 21, 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee

Believes in Indian Nationalism (Hindu

Nationalism),Integral humanism, Economic liberalism,

Gandhian Socialism, Conservatism, Social conservatism.

Came to power in 1998 as the leader of national democratic

alliance.

Earlier limited to the northern and western parts of the

country.

The principal opposition party in lok sabha.

The party's political symbol is a lotus

Chairperson Nitin GadkariLeader in Lok Sabha Sushma SwarajLeader in Rajya Sabha Arun JaitleyPreceded by Bharatiya Jana SanghHeadquarters 11 Ashoka Road,

New Delhi, 110001

Newspaper Kamal SandeshYouth wing Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha

Women's wing BJP Mahila MorchaLabour wing Bharatiya Mazdoor SanghPeasant's wing Bharatiya Kisan SanghPolitical position Centre-rightOfficial colours OrangeECI Status National PartySeats in Lok Sabha 116 / 545

Seats in Rajya Sabha 51 / 250

BAHUJAN SAMAJ

PARTY (BSP)

It was formed in 1984 under the leadership of

Kanshi Ram.

Stands for the cause of securing the interests and

welfare of the dalits and oppressed people.

It’s main base is in Uttar Pradesh and substantial

presence in neighbouring states.

The party's political symbol is an Elephant.

Chairperson Mayawati

Secretary-General Satish Chandra Mishra

Leader in Lok Sabha Rajesh Verma

Leader in Rajya Sabha Urmilesh Kumar Bharti

Headquarters 12, Gurudwara Rakabganj Road,New Delhi - 110001

Political position Center

Official colours Blue

ECI Status National Party

Seats in Lok Sabha 21 / 545

Seats in Rajya Sabha 18 / 250

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bahujan-samaj-party-flag.jpg

COMMUNIST PARTY

OF INDIA (CPI)

It was formed in 1925. The founding members of the

party were M.N. Roy, Evelyn Trent Roy (Roy's

wife), Abani Mukherji, Rosa Fitingof(Abani's wife),

Mohammad Ali (Ahmed Hasan), Mohammad Shafiq

Siddiqui and M.P.B.T. Acharya.

It believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and

democracy.

Became weak after the split in the party in1964.

Has significant presence in the states of Kerala

,West Bengal ,Punjab ,Andhra Pradesh and Tamil

Nadu.

The principal mass

organizations of the CPI are:

All India Trade Union Congress

All India Youth Federation

All India Students Federation

National Federation of Indian Women

All India Kisan Sabha(peasants organization)

Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union(agricultural workers)

All India State Government Employees Federation (State government employees)

Secretary-General A.B. Bardhan

Headquarters New Delhi, India

Political position Far-left

International affiliation

International Conference of Communist and Workers' Parties.

Official colours Red

Alliance Left Front

ECI Status National Party

COMMUNIST PARTY OF

INDIA –MARXIST (CPI-M)

It was founded in 1964 due to a split in communist

party of India.

It believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and

democracy and opposes imperialism and

communalism.

Enjoys strong support in West Bengal ,Kerala ,and

Tripura.

Has been in power in West Bengal without a break

for 30 years.

Secretary-General Prakash KaratLeader in Lok Sabha Basudev Acharia

Leader in Rajya Sabha Sitaram Yechuri

Headquarters New Delhi, IndiaStudent wing Students Federation of

IndiaYouth wing Democratic Youth

Federation of IndiaWomen's wing All India Democratic

Womens AssociationLabour wing Centre of Indian Trade

UnionsPeasant's wing All India Kisan Sabha

Political position Far-leftECI Status National PartyAlliance Left FrontSeats in Lok Sabha 16 / 545Seats in Rajya Sabha 15 / 250

NATIONAL CONGRESS

PARTY (NCP)

It was formed in 1999 due to a split in Indian national

congress.

Espouses democracy, Gandhian secularism, equity,

social just.ice and federalism.

Wants that high offices in government must be confined

to natural born citizens of India.

It is a major party in Maharashtra and. significant

presence in Meghalaya ,Manipur and Assam.

A member of United Progressive Alliance.

Chairperson Sharad Pawar

Founded 1999

Headquarters 10, Bishambhar Das Marg,New Delhi, 110001

Political position Centre/Centre left

Official colours Aqua

Alliance United Progressive Alliance

ECI Status National Party

Seats in Lok Sabha 9 / 545

Seats in Rajya Sabha 7 / 250

Name Year Party leader States

All India Anna Dravida

Munnetra Kazhagam

1972 J. Jayalalitha Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry

All India Forward Bloc 1939 Debabrata Biswas West Bengal

All India Trinamool Congress 1998 Mamata Banerjee Arunachal Pradesh,

Asom Gana Parishad 1985 Prafulla Kumar

Mahanta

Assam

Biju Janata Dal 1997 Naveen Patnaik Orissa

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1949 M Karunanidhi Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry

Indian National Lok Dal 1999 Om Prakash Chautala Haryana

Jammu & Kashmir National

Conference

1932 Omar Abdullah Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu & Kashmir National

Panthers Party

NA Bhim Singh Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir People's

Democratic Party

1998 Mufti Mohammed

Sayeed

Jammu and Kashmir

Name Year Party leader States

Janata Dal (Secular) 1999 H.D. Deve Gowda Karnataka Kerala

Janata Dal (United) 1999 Nitish kumar Bihar

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 1972 Shibu Soren Jharkhand Orissa

Kerala Congress 1964 P.J. Joseph Kerala

Kerala Congress (M) 1979 C.F. Thomas Kerala

Lok Jan Shakti Party 2000 Ram Vilas Paswan Bihar

Maharashtra Navnirman Sena 2006 Raj Thackeray Maharashtra

Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party 1963 Shashikala Kakodkar Goa

Manipur People's Party 1968 O. Joy Singh Manipur

Mizo National Front 1959 Pu Zoramthanga Mizoram

Mizoram People's Conference 1972 Pu Lalhmingthanga Mizoram

Muslim League Kerala State

Committee

1948 G.M. Banatwalla Kerala

Nagaland People's Front 2002 Neiphiu Rio Nagaland

Pattali Makkal Katchi 1989 G. K. Mani Tamil Nadu

Name Year Party leader States

Praja Rajyam Party 2008 Chiranjeevi Andhra Prades

Pudhucherry Munnetra Congress 2005 P. Kannan Pondicherry

Revolutionary Socialist Party 1940 T.J. Chandrachoodan West Bengal

Samajwadi Party 1992 Mulayam Singh Yadav Uttar Pradesh

Save Goa Front NA Churchill Alemao Goa

Shiromani Akali Dal 1920 Parkash Singh Badal Punjab

Shiv Sena 1966 Bal Thackeray Maharashtra

Sikkim Democratic Front 1993 Pawan Kumar Chamling Sikkim

Telangana Rashtra Samithi 2001 K. Chandrashekar Rao Andhra Pradesh

United Democratic Party NA Donkupar Roy Meghalaya

Uttarakhand Kranti Dal 1979 Bipin Chandra Tripathi Uttarakhand

Zoram Nationalist Party 1997 Lalduhoma Mizoram

Challenges to political parties

The lack of internal democracy within parties manifests in the following:

Parties do not keep membership registers

Parties do not hold organizational meetings.

Parties do not conduct internal elections regularly.

Ordinary members do not have sufficient information about the party.

All powers get centralized among the top leaders.

Lack of internal democracy

Challenges to political parties

Dynastic succession is a feature common to most of the political

parties, both at the national and state level where top positions in the

party become hereditary. others members cannot even aspire to reach

these positions.

Dynastic succession

Growing role of money and muscle

The role of money and muscle is on the rise in almost all the parties. Those

with money and muscle power begin to control the various organs of the

party.

How can parties be reformed

They can be reformed by

Maintaining a regular register of its members.

Makings rules and regulations.

Holding elections for higher posts in the party.

Giving more tickets to the women.

Giving funds to parties for elections.

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