Political & Spiritual Economics of the Evolution of Civilization

Political & Spiritual Economics of the Evolution of CivilizationA false portrait of history hides the spiritual connection that we share with people who have fought against evil since the dawn of civilization which enables the elite to make us believe that it was the force of Good that established modern society when in fact it was the forces of evil.Modern society is the dominance of capitalism which is a stage in the downward spiral ‘evolution’ of Western European civilization and favours Western Europe and its three privileged children: the USA, Canada and Australia. Although their power is declining against the rise of China and the Russia they remain the dominant force in the world today and viciously defend this position with their NATO military alliance.Western European Civilization evolved from five sources: Rome, the Vikings, Islamic civilization, Chinese civilization and the Hunic & Mongol horsemen hordes. The evolution of Western European civilization can be broken into 4 Ages, its birth in the Ancient Age, its growth in the Dark Age, its transition into decay (capitalism) in the Renaissance, and its rapid decline in the Modern Age with the loss of it’s colonial empires due to the expansion of it’s opposite: the Russian Socialist bloc; a worldwide economic & military union of liberated states formerly under Western European & American colonial rule or in Russia’s case; economic exploitation by being forced into debt, like the 3rd world is today. THE ANCIENT AGE: THE BIRTH OF WESTERN EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION

 

FIRST STAGE: THE RISE OF THE GREEKS

I. The first stage of the Ancient Age begins with the Egyptian civilization, the Hittite civilization in

Turkey and the Babylonian civilization in Iraq, who fought each other for control of the Middle

Eastern territories of Israel, Lebanon, Syria & Jordan. Humans first began settling in towns once

they had selectively bred grass into wheat and cats had been domesticated to protect stored

grain from rodents allowing people to stay in one location rather than follow the herd migrations

of wild animals. They also domesticated dogs, horses, cows, sheep, goats, ducks and chickens

increasing the productivity of their farms. Farming provided enough food to allow some of the

people in the towns not to work, allowing some to become priests, who invented written

language and science including astronomy, which divided the year into seasons and allowed the

annual flooding of rivers to be predicted accurately. Man made rivers (Irrigation) were invented

to benefit from the flooding of rivers which increased the farm harvests allowing the population

to increase causing some towns to become cities. Each city had an army which controlled the

farm lands around it, when the city of South Egypt conquered the city of North Egypt the

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Egyptian civilization became a united Empire which spread into the middle east and conquered

the towns and cities there. The city of Babylon had conquered the other cities of Iraq and

created the Babylonian Empire and the Hittite Empire was established in the same way. 

II. Because of the constant war between the three first Empires in the region, each of the

Empire‘s defences were weakened. the towns of Greece had not been conquered by either of

the Empires and they became pirates and raided the Egyptian & Hittite trading boats and costal

towns, on one occasion they all united and successfully looted the costal Hittite city of Troy.

Since there would only have been 5 - 10 cities in the Hittite Empire at this time this was a very

significant loot. The wealth which came back to the Greeks turned their towns into cities, the

farmers could all afford farming equipment, animals and slaves. This caused the family structure

of the Greeks to change. The old tribal family system called ‘the Gens’ was led by a

grandmother, and all her daughters’ families worked together on the communal farms and

shared the wealth equally. If men only had sons then they had to pass on their inheritance to

their wife’s sisters daughters because males were only allowed to marry into other Gens. The

farmers, who were all men, wanted their direct descendents to receive their inheritance and so

they overthrew the Gens. The men became landowners, their son’s families became his

workers and their slaves became the property of his family. In the Empires, a few cities ruled

over hundreds of small farming towns which were not wealthy or technologically advanced,

before a society can use a large number of slaves the means of production needs to be

advanced, when there wasn’t enough means of production available, slaves could only produce

enough to feed themselves and there were thus no excess products that could be extracted

from them by the slave owners. Thus the small towns of the Empires each only had a few

slaves and maintained the Gens family structure.  

 

III. Persia on the border of the Babylonian Empire didn’t have any cities, all the Persian tribes

united into a horde of horsemen to conquer the city of Babylon and rule over it, after achieving

this they became the rulers of the Babylonian Empire and then also conquered the Hittite and

Egyptian Empires. This ended the rule of the cities over Empires, and established the rule of the

Empire over the cities. Previously each Empire had believed that their Gods supported their

Empire and other Gods supported their enemies, this is the religion of polytheism. After the

Empires were united under the Persians, polytheism disappeared and was replaced by

Zoroastrianism based on the teachings of Zoroaster an early prophet of the One God

Monotheist religion. The other prophet of Monotheism was Abraham who lived in Babylon many

centuries before Zoroaster and moved to Israel to found his own nation of people who would

believe in the One God. The Israelites were persecuted by the polytheist Babylonians and

enslaved by the polytheist Egyptians. An Israelite prophet, Moses, rose up to lead his people

from captivity out of Egypt back to Israel and gave the Israelites the 10 commandments which

established the morality and social order for the Israelite nation. The Israelites believed the One

God had said “ If I am not who I say I am, if I am not the One and only God that exists, then

what maintains the life spirit? I am the God to which every knee will bow!” since the Israelites

had been oppressed by the polytheist Empires, but a prophet always rose up and successfully

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freed their people, maintaining the life spirit for the underdog against the mightiest empires. The

Israelites realized that the polytheist Gods must be weaker than the One God who they believed

helped only those who believed in Him, and they believed that eventually everyone else would

realize that He must be the only true God. 

IV. The Persian Empire tried to conquer the independent Greek cities, but the Greeks united on

two occasions and successfully defended their independence, the second time Sparta held back

the whole Persian Empire in the battle of 300. Afterwards Sparta defeated Athens and united

Greece into an Empire, later the city of Thebes defeated Sparta and became the new rulers of

the Greek Empire. The Greeks created colonies in Italy and in Northern Greece and along the

coast of the Black Sea, they traded with the Persian Empire through the province of Turkey

which was then called Lidya. Because of the increased amount of trade it caused the merchants

of the cities to become very wealthy, allowing them to have many slaves, and causing the first

coins in human history to be minted there. The Phoenicians of Lebanon also did the same, but

under the rule of Persia, creating colonies all along the North African coast to Spain. Colonies

could easily be established because the natives of these lands were desert nomads, bushmen

and cavemen and their lands were easily stolen. As the wealth of the merchants in the cities

grew, it caused those without slaves to become poorer because the merchants could use slaves

to produce everything they needed and didn’t require the products made by the poorer citizens.

This caused the Persian Empire to stagnate and decline overall.

 

V. The Greek colonies established in Northern Greece called Macedonia, united and conquered

the Greek Empire. The Macedonian king Alexander the Great then conquered the whole

Persian Empire as well as the formerly independent Indian Empire in Pakistan. When Alexander

the Great died the Empire was divided into Greece, Macedonia, Lidya, Egypt, Babylonia and

Persia and each became ruled by one of his generals. Greeks of the colonies from the Black

sea and Italy then migrated into each section and ruled as the elite slave owners over each new

Empire. The Greeks re-established the Empires ruled by the Cities, and their own race then

maintained this system as the slave owning city elite. The Greeks who still lived in the

independent cities, could not be conquered by the Persians who had the manpower but not the

technology. The Greeks then caused the growth of the cities of Persia causing the decline of the

Empire overall. The declining Empire would have thus eventually divided without the Greek

conquest, but the Greek conquest was the catalyst cause for the division. The division caused

the re-establishment of the City over the Empire which is a system of the slavery of the many by

the few and is a more primitive social form. The Greeks then maintained this decadent system

with an age of Greek supremacy in which the believe in the Greek polytheist Olympian Gods

was enforced and Zoroastrianism declined. Thus the primitive religious and social forms re-

emerged because the Persian Empire over the city civilization was still too primitive to destroy

the primitive Greeks. The primitivism of the cityless Persians established the advanced form of

the Empire over the City, and the primitivism of the Empireless Greeks destroyed it. It was a see

saw affect in which the earliest civilizations, the Egyptians, the Hittites and the Babylonians

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caused their own decline because of their primitive social system, and were brought from

advanced civilization back to primitive by two external primitive forces.

 

 

SECOND STAGE: THE ROMAN AGE

I. Alexander the Great destroyed Tyre, the head of the Phoenician civilization causing the

Tunisian city of Carthage to become the head of a newly independent Empire, which was a

remnant of the Persian Empire. Carthage then forced all cities and towns that were part of its

Empire to pay tribute to it thus turning into a City over the Empire form. The Greek colonies in

Southern Italy united into an Empire called Magna Graecia meaning Great Greece and the

Northern Italian natives created the Etruscan Empire and expanded into central Italy. The city of

Rome in Central Italy welcomed all people of Italy who were unwanted in their own cities to live

in Rome and said that Rome had been founded by the descendants of those who had escaped

from Troy and thus had a score to settle with the Greeks of Magna Graecia. First they fought

and conquered the surrounding towns and cities which made up the Latin League which was

aligned to the Etruscans. They then colonized these towns with Romans to increase their

population. Then they fought and conquered the Etruscan and Magna Graecia Empires,

establishing the rule of one city over two Italian Empires and conquered all independent Italian

cities and tribes in the process. They then declared war on Carthage causing some cities of

Carthage’s empire to side with Rome to escape the rule of Carthage’s decaying system, when

the Romans conquered Carthage they then conquered all of Carthage’s colonies in Spain and

North Africa. They took over Carthage’s salt mines and the thousands of African slaves who

mined them, and used salt as a salary for the Roman soldiers. The Roman legions then

conquered Greece, Lidya and the Middle East, and then conquered France, parts of Germany

and England from the barbarians there. The barbarian Gauls of France had previously looted

the Etruscan civilization and Rome which had once been a part of this Empire, as the Greek

barbarians had looted the City Empires in the first stage. While the Persians couldn’t conquer

the Greeks after uniting the City Empires, the Roman Empire conquered the Gauls after uniting

the other City Empires due to the increase of wealth and technology existing by this time. Thus

when civilization spread all across Europe it was primitive City Empire civilization taken to the

extreme under the rule of one city: Rome, rather than Empire over the City civilization. The

Romans built irrigation systems allowing towns to become cities, where Romans could migrate

and use many slaves, they eradicated pirate cities throughout the Mediterranean and built roads

and bridges connecting the whole Empire to Rome allowing trade to flourish. After three wars

where the Italian cities all fought against Rome for independence, a period of lasting peace was

established throughout the Empire called the Pax-Romana. Rather than enforcing their own

Gods, they adopted the Greek Gods as their own, and encouraged the worship of the old

Polytheist religions in each Roman colony, they forced Jews to pay a Jew tax to discourage

their unshakable belief in Monotheism. 

II. In the Pax-Romana the rich Romans were able to acquire huge farming estates throughout

Italy to be worked by thousands of slaves captured by the Roman legions. This impoverished

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the Italian small scale farmers, because their products became worthless next to the products of

the estates run on cheap slave labour. All citizens of Italy had to serve in the army for at least 20

years to ensure the Empire kept expanding allowing the capture of fresh slaves. Many soldiers

returned home to find their farm in debt to a neighbouring landlord. Many Italians were forced to

sell their land to the landlord to escape their debt, and then move to the city for work or to

become thieves or beggars, or prostitutes in the case of women. These people had no land or

tools and were forced to sell their labour power (their ability to work) to those with workshops or

farms. This propertyless ‘working class’ was called the Proletariat. The population of Italy

declined overall and the numbers of proletarians increased. As slavery became every

increasingly large scale, it became more profitable to work slaves to death than to give them

what they needed to reproduce and raise their own families, this caused three wars between the

Roman state and the Italian slaves. On the third occasion, a gladiator slave called Spartacus led

a slave rebellion which marched the entire length of Italy twice but was unable to escape it, they

defeated all Roman armies in their path until they were finally captured and crucified. The

Roman government was led by the senate. Senators were not elected but made up of rich

roman citizens. One senator, Graccus, tried to give proletarians back their land, but the other

senators had him assassinated. Roman Soldiers, who represented the majority of Roman

citizens, became more loyal to their Generals than to the Senate.  In 49BC General Julius

Caeser led his army into Rome and overthrew the power of the senate becoming the first

dictator of Rome after defeating the army of the senate in a civil war. Ceaser increased the

soldiers salary, and gave the proletarians free bread, wine and access to the colosseum to

watch gladiator fights and chariot races. Julius Caesar was assassinated by the senators and

his body was carried through Rome by proletarians chanting for revenge. Caesar’s allies fought

another civil war against the senators and defeated them. Afterwards, Ceasar’s allies fought

between each other. Marc Antony aligned with Cleopatra the Greek queen of Egypt and was

defeated by Octavius: Ceasar’s adopted son and grand-nephew, causing the conquest of Egypt

by Rome. Octavius took the title of Caesar and renamed the Roman Republic the Roman

Empire, from then on, the government of Rome was led by the descendents of Caesar. With the

conquest of Egypt, all civilizations of West Asia became ruled by Rome except for the Persian

Empire.  The Roman Empire was one city over a huge empire, while Persia was several cities

over a small empire. The Roman Empire could not conquer Persia, and lost territories in the

middle east to Persian expansion, even though Rome controlled 20 times the number of cities

Persia did, because Persia was a less decayed form of City Empire than Rome was. The

number of proletarians, which are a symptom of the decay of City over the Empire civilization,

reached a critical mass causing the transition from Republic to Empire government  which

favoured the proletarians, it therefore represents the transition of the city of Rome from growth

to decay. This caused the whole Empire to decay along with it.

 

III. The Governors of the Roman provinces collected tax from the provincial people, but rather

than using it to develop the provinces they used it to throw themselves excessive parties called

orgies. Provincial people rebelled against the rule of Rome, including the Israelites who fought

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three wars against Rome for their independence. Jesus was the prophet of the Israelites during

the Roman Age in which times were harder than they ever had been. He believed God had

given humans Goodness, and told people that they must look after their community and

countrymen as much as they cared for their own families. After the wars with Rome, the Jews

who had converted to Christianity fled Israel into the Roman Empire, the religion began to

dominate over the polytheist religions among the poor and the slaves, because they were

promised heaven in the afterlife while their oppressors were condemned to Hell, and because

the Monotheist religion taught that eventually all will realize there is only One God and accept

the teachings of his prophets, including Jesus’ teaching which would cause slavery to be

abolished. The Christians were persecuted for hundreds of years by the Romans who fed them

to Lions in the Roman colosseum but the religion continued to grow. Eventually they were

forced to adopt Christianity as the official state religion and ban all polytheist religions

throughout the Empire, declaring them paganism. First they twisted Christianity from Jesus’s

monotheist form into Paul‘s trinity form, which came to him as a revelation while he was working

as a Christian bounty hunter for Rome. The religion was an adaptation of the Egyptian polytheist

religion. The creator of the Universe was called Ra who was the king of the Gods, the keeper of

heaven was called Osiris, and Horus is the Son of Osiris who comes to earth as a saviour to

fight against Osiris’s brother Set, the god of Evil. Trinity Christianity fused Ra the creator, and

Osiris the keeper of heaven, into God the father, it turned Jesus from a prophet into Horus, the

son of God and Saviour of Humanity. Then they added in the Holy Spirit which is said to guide

people in their lives to follow the will of God by talking to their soul. The priests of the Church

were told what to teach their ‘flock’ by the Roman Emperor. The Trinity as a whole is said to be

One God made of three individual and distinct parts, thus Jesus is said to be the Son of God, as

well as the unity of both himself and his father, but not his father alone. Jesus’ own word’s

contradict the trinity religion. When asked “Good sir, how can I be Good?” He replied “Why call

me Good? when there is only One Good and that is God”. Jesus believed all Good in humans

came from God, not from any human, himself included. The Holy Spirit is the Roman Emperor’s

own mind’s influence over his subjects. To any true follower of Monotheism it was clear that the

trinity religion was made to allow the Roman Emperor to call himself Good, later Roman

Emperors took the title “Holy Roman Empire“ literally calling themselves Good. The Romans

tried to wipe out Christian communities who didn’t accept the Trinity.

 

IV. The colonial provinces were exploited by Rome and decayed economically until they could

not afford to buy all of Rome’s products, this chocked trade with peoples on the borders of the

Empire as well, forcing them to unite into Barbarian kingdoms and loot the provinces. The

barbarians used advanced Roman weaponry and the economy of the Roman Empire was not

effective enough to prevent the lootings. The Romans stopped expanding and began to build

walls around their Empire to hold back the barbarians.  Without any colonial expansion, the only

source of growth for the decaying empire disappeared and the Empire split in two in 285 AD

after centuries of civil wars since the establishment of the Roman Empire, creating the Eastern

Roman Empire, comprising Egypt, the Middle East, Greece and Turkey with Constantinople as

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its capital (now Istanbul in Turkey), and the Western Roman Empire, comprising Spain,

Carthage, France, Britain and Italy, with Rome as its capital.

 

THE THIRD STAGE: CHINESE CIVILIZATION AND THE HUNS

I. China developed differently from Western Asia & Europe. The first cities of China became

united and they created more cities along the Yellow, expanding the Chinese Empire over the

city civilization. The rich landowners acquired slaves causing poverty and the decline of the

Empire. The generals of the armies of each of the major cities then declared war on each other,

causing the division of China into 12 City over the Empire States bringing forth the era of the

waring states. The Generals became the warlords of the main city which ruled over the state

and his generals became the landlords who ruled whole towns and small cities, the peasants

had to pay tribute to the Generals and each town had to pay tribute to the Capital city. One state

conquered the other 11 causing the unification of China as an Empire over the city civilization

which was able to build the Great Wall of China to defend China from the barbarian Huns on

Chinas’ northern border, forcing them to migrate Westwards over hundreds of years. 10 years

after the unification, a peasants rebellion against the Emperor established the Han dynasty in

210 BC, which abolished landlords and made all peasants workers of the state, establishing a

more advanced form of Empire over the City civilization. This allowed for the specialization of

the realms of human culture such as philosophy, poetic and historical literature, kung fu, tai chi,

drama, music and dance, and also creating the most advanced technologies of the Ancient Age,

such as paper, the windmill and the rudder which allowed long distance sea travel. China then

conquered Eastern China and established a land trade route to the Roman Empire by making

trade agreements with Persia and India, they then established a sea route back to China. This

established world trade throughout Asia and allowed many kingdoms to blossom into

civilization, many of these states paid tribute to China including Rome which bought luxury

products from China such as silk. 800 years after the Han Dynasty was established the Chinese

built the Grand Canal connecting many major cities on the rivers of China from North to South.

 

II. In 406 several Barbarian kingdoms invaded the Western Roman Empire and conquered

territory separating Italy from France. The Huns then conquered and united all the looting

Barbarians Kingdoms under one King: Attila the Hun, establishing the Hunnic Empire which

stretched from Kazakhstan in Central Asia to France. The Huns quickly overran the kingdoms

because they were undeveloped due to the decay in the region caused by the Roman Empire.

The Huns then invaded the Western Roman Empire and defeated every Western Roman army

except in a battle in a part of France. They also looted the European provinces of the Eastern

Roman Empire (Greece and the Balkans). Attila died in 453 and his empire divided the next

year. All the barbarian tribes which had made it up then invaded the Western Roman Empire

again and destroyed it by 476 fracturing it into many separate barbarian kingdoms. The division

of the Western Roman Empire ends the domination of the Romans over Western Europe and

brings forth the Dark Age which is the growth of Western European Civilization.THE DARK

AGE: THE GROWTH OF WESTERN EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION

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FIRST STAGE: THE VIKING AGE & THE ISLAMIC GOLDEN AGE

I. The only surviving remnant of the Western Roman Empire was the part of France which had

repelled the Huns which became known as the Domain of Soissons. The Eastern Roman

Empire also survived, by 550 it had re-captured the North African coast, the Balkans, parts of

Spain, Rome and the whole of Italy, this empire became known as Byzantium. Byzantium fought

with Persia for control over the Middle East and lost Iraq to it. It also lost Rome, North Italy,

Spain and North Africa back to the barbarian kingdoms. The Northern Italian state of Venice

was the only other part of Western Europe which had survived the Hunic invasion, it became

ruled by Byzantium but shortly afterwards became independent and expanded claiming costal

cities of the Balkans from Byzantium, it traded with Byzantium and the with the other kingdoms

of the Mediterranean steadily bringing wealth into Western Europe. The French barbarian

kingdoms all united under one king Clivos-I and conquered the Domain of Soissons in 486

establishing the Merovingian Dynasty, Clivos-I converted to the Roman Christian religion and

made it the state religion. The Franks freed the  Roman slaves and turned them into serfs. Serfs

were forced to work on the estate of their landlord, they had to give their lord the majority of the

products of their labour, but they owned their own patch of land which was part of the landlord‘s

estate, and their own belongings and farm animals. The Merovingians conquered Germany and

North Italy capturing Rome, the pope crowned the Merovingian king Charlemagne the Holy

Roman Emperor, who changed the name of the Empire to the Carolingian Empire in 800, it

drew tribute from the kingdoms on all its borders.

 

II.  In 600 AD the Arabs of Saudi Arabia were independent of Byzantium, but they were not

united and the biggest tribe was the most wealthy and dominated the other tribes. The Prophet

Mohammed believed that if the classes of merchants and farmers, the different races and the

sexes, and if all the Arabic tribes united and were equal, they would be able to rid the lands of

piracy and of exploitation by the Eastern Roman Empire which captured the defenceless Arabs

for slaves. Over his lifetime Mohammed wrote the Holy Quran, after periods of intense

mediation his revelation would come to him and he would enter into a trance like state and

speak the Quranic chapters to be recorded by his disciples. It is written as if it is the literal word

of God, revealed to Mohammed by the Angel Gabriel. Jesus had warned the Jews that the next

prophet to come after him would bring all of humanity a firey word like Moses had brought the

Jews, but that when he came the Jews would not believe he was a prophet even though there

would be many clear signs that he was the saviour of humanity. When asked “are you that

prophet?“ Jesus denied that he was. Many Jews had not believed Jesus was a prophet causing

the Israelite monotheist religion to split into Judaist and Christianity. The Holy Quran explained

that Judaism was corrupted because it didn’t accept that Jesus was a prophet, and that the

Trinity Christianity of the Romans was corrupt because it was a polytheist religion. It established

a new name for Monotheism: Islam which means submission to the One God, and named those

who submitted, Muslims. It established the 5 Pillars of Islam which made Monotheism a religion

which could create an equal society: firstly that there is no other God but Allah (One God) and

that Mohammed is his last Prophet. Secondly to give a percentage of your wealth to the poor.

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Third, to fast during the day time for a month each year so you can understand what it feels like

to starve, so that you can understand why charity is necessary. Fourth, daily prayer so you can

remind yourself of the importance of practicing the morals of Islam. And Fifth pilgrimage to

Mecca, so many people’s most memorable experience is a demonstration of pride in being a

Muslim.

 

III. The tribe of Medina accepted Islam and the Muslims of Mecca migrated there. They were

then attacked by Mecca who had 10 times their forces but the Muslims defeated the invaders

and conquered Mecca for Islam. This led to all tribes of Saudi Arabia uniting under Islam and

Islam conquering Persia, Central Asia, and the Indian Civilization in modern Pakistan, they then

conquered Egypt from Byzantium and North Africa from the Barbarian Kingdoms all in just 30

years. This was followed by the first Islamic civil war which split Islam into two branches, Sunni

who ruled the Empire after the civil war and Shi who had supported the previous leader whose

forces had been defeated in the civil war. Over the next 100 years the second Islamic dynasty

conquered the Western coast of North Africa and conquered  Spain from the barbarian Christian

kingdoms. For the next 200 years the Islamic civilization experienced a golden age and became

the centre of world civilization, they were the trade link between China and Europe and

incorporated Chinese technology and developed it using wind mills, tidal power and petroleum

for power generation and created new machines to replace human labour. They built thousands

of universities and combined Roman, Chinese, Egyptian, African, Persian, Indian, Greek, and

Byzantine knowledge creating a new level of Science. In 900 the African kingdom of Mali

adopted Islam and also became a centre of learning, they used non Muslim Africans as slaves

and increased the use of slaves in the Islamic Empire, a slave rebellion led by a Muslim poet

initiated the division of the Empire into 12 independent states in 950. The Central Asian state

conquered the Persian and Turkish states and created the Sunni Selijuk Empire in 1037. The

Tunisian & Algerian states united and created the Fatimid Shia empire in 909 and conquered

the other Muslim states in Africa and then fought for control of the Middle East with the Selijuks.

Spain remained an independent Muslim state at this time. Islam was the first ideology to cause

the establishment of an Empire over the City form of civilization. Like Chinese civilization, this

form caused many cities to grow, eventually causing the division of the Empire into City

Empires, these were eventually succeeded by two great Empire over the City Islamic

civilizations. The rivalry between powerful cities caused the first Islamic civil war and established

the 2 sects of Islam, hundreds of years later this prevented two great Empire over City Islamic

Civilizations from uniting, yet the two sects of Islam each continued to play a vital role in shaping

Western European civilization.

 

IV. The Viking barbarians of Northern Europe (Scandanavia) began trading with the other states

of Europe. When the Carolingian Empire rose they conquered most of Western Europe and only

traded with Christians, refusing to trade with Pagans of Muslims. This caused some Vikings to

convert to Christianity to benefit from the only source of trade in the region. The Vikings had

never been part of the Roman Empire and thus had not had exposed to Christianity unlike the

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French and some Germans. When the Carolingians conquered the Northern German Saxon

pagans and forced them to accept Christianity the Viking traders became raiders who looted

Europe for 300 years, bringing about the division of the Carolingian Empire into West: France,

East: Germany, and Central which separated Germany from France and controlled North Italy.

France and Germany expanded until their borders met, conquering the territory from the Italian

Kingdom which separated them, then Germany conquered Northern Italy and Rome. The Pope

crowned the German King the Holy Roman Emperor, who made Rome the ruling city over the

Papal States which controlled central Italy. Germany and Northern Italy took the title Holy

Roman Empire. The Viking raiders began uniting into an Empire and colonizing the whole of

Scandinavia with Viking settlements including Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark (the only

part of Germany which wasn’t ruled by the Holy Roman Empire) they then expanded and

colonized Iceland, Greenland and even Vinland in Canada, and also Russia and the Ukraine, by

colonizing the Black Sea. They heavily colonized England, Scotland and Ireland as permanent

raiding bases, and conquered Normandy a Northern province of France and made it a Viking

colony, soon afterwards the Norman King swore allegiance to the French King and converted to

Christianity/ Normandy was made a vassal of France, which is the opposite of a colony, a

colony is exploited while a vassal is a privileged ally. The Normans fought for Byzantium as

mercenaries against the Selijuk Muslims for control of Turkey, later they became mercenaries

for the Papal states, and conquered South Italy from Byzantium creating a Norman vassal state

allied France and to the Pope. It went on to conquer the Italian Islands from the Fatimid Muslims

for itself, and conquered parts of the Balkans from Byzantium for the Papal states. It came to be

called the Kingdom of Sicily. After 300 years of war, the English finally defeated the colonialist

Viking invaders, only to be invaded and conquered 19 years later by the Normans in 1066.

 

V. The Carolingian Empire was established as a barbarian Empire which had conquered

remnants of roman civilization including the domain of Soissons and Rome as well as hundreds

of other barbarian cities and town, and was thus a primitive form of Empire over the city

civilization as Ancient Persia had been. After the Carolingian Empire divided the Holy Roman

Empire become the most powerful state in Western Europe it controlled the most cities and was

thus the biggest empire over the city civilization in Western Europe. The Holy Roman Empire

was too powerful to be colonized by the Vikings and thus the Vikings conquered England and

parts of France which fused into one Empire under the French crown creating another empire

over the city civilization to compete with the Holy Roman Empire. After the division of the

Carolingian Empire, the Hungarian tribes all united and created a large kingdom in Eastern

Europe on the border of the Holy Roman Empire. They raided Byzantium for nearly 200 years

and Western Europe for 150 years until they converted to Catholic Christianity in 950. The

Hungarians and Vikings were still primitive pagan barbarians who were forced into raiding to

prosper because Rome had not conquered them and brought them civilization. They were able

to do this because Rome had civilized Europe with a primitive form of Civilization which did not

leave the Holy Roman Empire and France, who had inherited Rome’s civilization in Western

Europe, with any advanced technology which would have allowed them to conquer the

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barbarians and civilize them. The uncivilized barbarians were too powerful to be conquered by

the Holy Roman Empire and thus it could not unite all of Europe under one Empire over the city

civilization. The Vikings and Hungarians became wealthy after centuries of looting and

converted to Christianity once they were wealthy enough to build civilizations of their own. The

Vikings united with the French creating an Empire over the city civilization, and the Hungarians

united with the Poles establishing a third empire over the city civilization. Thus at the end of the

fist stage of the Dark Age, Western Europe had established three primitive empire over the city

civilizations.

 

THE SECOND STAGE: THE CRUSADES & THE MONGOLS

I.  In 1071 Byzantium lost most of Turkey to the Seljuks, in 1096 the Catholic Pope called on the

catholic states to assist Byzantium to fight the Muslims in the Middle East. France, the Kingdom

of Sicily, the Holy Roman Empire, England and Hungary all invaded and captured territories

along the coast of Turkey and the Middle East and each claimed a section for themselves,

creating the Crusader State which changed hands between Muslims and Christians over 200

years. In the Second Crusade the Catholics supported the Spanish Christian kingdoms to

conquer Spain from the Muslims. Spain had been cut off from the Islamic Empire in the past

because of a change of dynasty which the Spanish Muslim leaders did not support, this turned

them into a City Empire, causing the Spanish Christian farmers who the Muslims ruled over to

become poor and not accept Islam. This crusade ended Muslim dominance and led to Spain

being nearly completely conquered by Christians 100 years later. During the third crusade the

Muslims of Syria led by Saladin defeated the crusaders and then conquered Egypt ending the

rule of the Shia Fatimids and established a new Sunni Empire which liberated much of the

Middle East from crusader colonialism. The Holy Roman Empire and Venice embarked on the

fourth crusade only to stop short of the Middle East and sack Constantinople the capital of

Byzantium which was like a museum of treasure. The Pope condemned the Venetian and

German knights for looting, murdering and raping in Constantinople but forgave them when they

brought tones of golden Christian artefacts back to Rome. Byzantium became a vassal of the

Holy Roman Empire called the Latin Empire which lasted 60 years until it was reconquered by

the Byzantium Greeks. The fourth crusade severely weakened Byzantium causing the exodus

of Byzantine merchants into Western Europe causing Western Europe to become the centre of

European Civilization. In the fifth crusade the Latin Empire and the Western powers invaded

Saladin’s Empire but were defeated. The Holy Roman Empire made the last successful crusade

by retaking Jerusalem from Saladin’s Empire in the 6th crusade, but it was conquered shortly

afterwards by the Malmuk Empire which replaced Saladin’s after his death.   

 

II. The Malmuk’s were slaves captured by Muslims from Turkey & the Caucuses mountains who

had converted to Islam and became the most trusted soldiers and mercenaries for powerful

Muslims. The Selijuk Empire was conquered by the Mongol horde after the 6th Crusade causing

the Turks to flee into Saladin’s Empire. When Saladin died his sons each surrounded

themselves with thousands of Malmuk mercenaries and Turkish refugees, one son created a

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huge army and assassinated all his brothers, when he died a Malmuk became the Sultan of

Egypt who made the Malmuks the new nobility and established the new Sunni Malmuk Empire.

The Malmuk’s prevented the Mongols from conquering Egypt and drove them out of the Middle

East. The French tried to invade Egypt and Tunisia to conquer the Malmuks in the 7th and 8th

crusades but failed on both occasions. The Mongols who controlled Persia and Turkey made

Buddism and Christianity the official religion and participated in the last 9th crusade alongside

all the Christian nations for a last attempt to conquer the Muslims. The Malmuks defeated all of

their enemies and conquered all of the Crusader states in the process. The Turks then liberated

themselves from Mongol rule establishing several independent Turkish City states. The

Ottoman City state conquered all others uniting Turkey under Ottoman rule, and then conquered

Constantinople and Byzantium in 1453, 850 years since Mohammed had united the Arabs

under Islam against them. When the news reached Malmuk Egypt there were celebrations on

the streets. The Ottomans then conquered the Malmuk Empire but maintained the Malmuks as

nobility, some Malamuks fled after they were defeated and established the first Islamic Empire

in India. The Ottomans went on to conquer Iraq from the Persian Mongols, all of the North

African coast, Greece from Western Europeans, the Christian Serbian Kingdom, Hungary from

the Holy Roman Empire, and all of South Eastern Europe: from the gates of Vienna, the capital

of the Holy Roman Empire, to the Black Sea. The Malmuk Empire had united Turks and Arabs

for the first time since the division of the Sunni Islamic Empire by establishing Malmuk Turk rule

over the Arabs, the Ottomans completed this process by uniting Turkey with the Arab nations

under one Empire. The reunion of two Islamic races was catalysed by the Mongol invasion. The

Mongol invasion was caused by China, as the Hunnic invasion of Europe had been 1000 years

before.

 

III. China had become an advanced empire over city civilization by abolishing landlordism

causing civilization to flourish throughout Asia which created an international slave trade. The

Mongols like the Huns before them lived as tribal herdsmen and had not settled in towns. The

Mongols were being sold into slavery because they didn’t have an Empire of their own and so

they united under one proud Mongol: Ghengis Khan to prevent their whole race being captured.

The Mongols had horses and steel swords and with this they were able to conquer Central Asia

like the Huns had before them. They then turned on China which by this time had divided into

three, and conquered the two small northern parts before conquering the Southern Song

Dynasty which was in a golden age and had recently invented the compass, gun powered

firearms and cannons. They then travelled into West Asia and conquered Persia and much of

the Russian kingdom established by the Vikings. The Mongol Empire divided into four Empire

over City civilizations: the Golden Horde of Russia, Persia, Central Asia and China which were

each ruled by Mongolian nobility. This allowed trade to flourish throughout Asia, and caused

Chinese technology to be brought to Europe. The Golden Horde quickly converted to Islam and

sided with the Malmuks against Christian Europe. Persia converted to Islam only after the

crusades, it went on to conquer Central Asia and later established the highly advanced Islamic

Mogul Empire in India in 1526 which conquered all of North India by 1605 and South India by

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1707 it survived until 1858 until it was divided and conquered by the British.  Central Asia did

not adopt Islam until it was conquered by Persia even though most of the population was

Muslim because they were in closer contact with China which maintained Buddhism as the

official religion. 

IV. Buddhism was not a Polytheist or a Monotheist religion, but a primitive version of Atheism, It

evolved from the Polytheist Indian religion of Hinduism in 500BC.  Hinduism taught that if people

were evil in a past life they were re-born into a low caste. Buddha condemned this belief and

taught that the meaning of life was to show compassion for each other, he taught not to think

about the creation of the universe because he believed this could never be solved and taught

not to worship any Gods. His view of the after life was that souls are reborn but that

personalities always change and that all humans were on the same level of reincarnation and

have the same quest in life which is to find the means to achieve individual and social peace

and happiness. Buddhism became widely practiced in China which was the richest and most

powerful Empire in the world until as recently as 200 years ago. The Chinese Buddists believed

they were incapable of being able to know whether Islam or Christianity was the Good religion.

Monotheist religion was the response of poor nations against the rich polytheist Empires, it

evolved into a ideology which could end the rule of City Empires and establish progressive

civilization, after the Mongol conquest of Asia it was used as a means to preserve progressive

civilization. When Buddhism became a way for the rich to help the poor in their own country,

rather than help progressive civilization in the war against primitive decadent civilization, it

became a closed minded ideology for the ruling class to believe to justify their lack of vision &

virtue. Buddhists began to believe that Buddha himself was a God and that people could be re-

incarnated into him. All forms of Idol worship, such as worshiping a prophet as a God are

characteristics of polytheism, thus Buddhism degenerated from atheism into polytheism.

 

THIRD STAGE: THE DECLINE OF ENGLAND & FRANCE

I.  During the Crusades the Northern Italian states became independent from the Holy Roman

Empire by fighting a war of independence. Because the Holy Roman Empire was the biggest

Empire in Western Europe and controlled the most cities it had the largest population and the

most potential for trade. Being part of the Holy Roman Empire, as well as being near Venice;

the trading hub of Western Europe, had allowed Northern Italy to prosper and become the

wealthiest, most developed and educated part of Europe. They became independent city states,

leaving the empire over the city Holy Roman Empire so they could become like Venice which

had expanded and colonized parts of the Balkans and Greece with trading ports and had a

massive fleet of merchant ships. While the rule of the Holy Roman Empire over Northern Italy

had been established by its superior power, the French Empire in which France ruled England

had been established because the Vikings had conquered Normandy from France because of

the weakness of France in relation to the Holy Roman Empire, and then the Normans had gone

on to conquer England as well as the Kingdom of Sicily. The French Empire was an Empire

over city Empire but the number of cities in France and England combined was fewer than in the

Holy Roman Empire. Cities in France and England each controlled a Vassal but each became

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enemies with each other. During the crusades the English nobles conquered Wales, Scotland

and Ireland establishing the Angiven Empire which then began to expand their Norman province

in France, they formed alliances with other provinces of France against the French Dynasty and

within 60 years controlled three quarters of France. The Angiven Empire became bankrupt

during the war and the English nobles turned against their own King and invited the French to

invade and reclaim control over England causing a civil war in England which established

England and France as independent kingdoms.

 

II. Sixty years after the loss of the crusader’s colonial territory England began conquering

France again beginning the hundred years war (1337-1453). By 1415 the English King was

made ruler of half the country and controlled the two biggest French cities including Paris the

capital. Since the English controlled their own cities as well as Franc’s most important ones the

Eastern French province of Burgundy aligned to the English because they believed their victory

was certain. The English-Burgundy alliance controlled most of the coast and all of North & East

France, while only Southern and West France was still loyal to the French dynasty. During the

war three quarters of France’s population died due to the war and the black plague, and

England lost half its population to the plague. The reduction of the farming population caused

less grain to be produced increasing its price which caused the population to become

malnourished and susceptible to disease. There was a peasants war in England and two French

peasant uprisings in English territory during the Hundred Years war, all of which were

suppressed. The English defeated French armies two to three times their size on several

occasions because their long bows could kill horses decimating cavalry charges, and shot men

through the eye slits of their helmets from 90 meters away. The French paid Scottish, Spanish

and Italian mercenaries to help them but as the cause turned hopeless they became bandits.

France’s own knights became thieves and even her most loyal nobles deserted the cause. In

1428 the English sent across a fresh army to wipe out the last of France’s resistance, they

smashed all French armies in their path and began the siege of the city of Orleans. Joan of Arc

believed God sent saints to command her to fulfil three tasks, firstly to liberate Orleans, then

crown the uncrowned King of France in Reims, deep within English-Burgundy territory, and to

liberate all France from the English. The French believed that she was a saviour sent by God

because she fulfilled an ancient French prophecy that France would be destroyed by a women

and saved by a maiden (unmarried women). The uncrowned king’s mother had aligned with

Burgundy, and hinted her son was illegitimate allowing the English king to be crowned king of

France which divided the country and led to the English trying to conquer the rest of France,

causing France to be destroyed. Orleans had been sieged for 6 months and was on the brink of

starvation when Joan arrived, she led the French army to liberate Orleans and led the army in

several more important victories on the road to Reims which led to Charles VII being crowned

King of France. Before Joan came to the rescue he was said to have been “without support,

lacked advice, was penniless and soldierless“. Joan of Arc was captured by the English and

burned at the stack at the age of 19 but her mission to liberate France from the English was

achieved 22 years afterwards. Two years after England lost their French territories a 30 year

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civil war erupted between the two houses of the English Royalty called the war of the Roses.

The two attempted conquests of France by England were like the period of the waring states in

China in which vassals of the Emperor declared war on each other and re-established City

Empires. Neither side being able to win causing France and English to remain City Empires.

 

THE RENAISSANCE: THE TRANSITION INTO DECAY (CAPITALISM) OF WESTERN

EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION FIRST STAGE: THE DECLINE OF FRANCE & NORTHERN

ITALY & THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE

I.  In 1469 the Christian Spanish Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon united founding a new

Western European power alongside England, France, the Holy Roman Empire, Venice, and the

newly independent Northern Italian City states. Aragon owned the Kingdom of Sicily and

Athens, the Ottomans conquered Athens and Spain’s possessions in North Africa and their

islands in the Mediterranean and the Kingdom of Sicily became an independent city state. The

Spanish translated Islamic Science into Spanish and it was later translated into the European

languages in Northern Italy from where it spread out into Western Europe. Chinese Technology

and Islamic Science created the birth of invention and philosophy in Western Europe which had

been dormant throughout the middle ages, and had only appeared in glimpses in the Roman

Age because of its’ primitive level of civilization and backwards ideology. Northern Italy at the

end of the dark ages experienced this birth of invention and philosophy which was called the

renaissance which means re-birth, alluding to the lost civilization of Rome and Greece whose

texts had been preserved by the Arabs and reintroduced to Europe at this time. The sack of

Constantinople had caused the Byzantine merchants to migrate to Western Europe, and with

the conquest of Byzantium and Hungary by the Ottomans, Western Europe became the centre

of Christian civilization. By 1500 Russia was able to capture most of the Golden Hordes territory

which had drawn tributes from Moscow for 250 years and establish a kingdom in Eastern

Europe, the Golden Horde became the Crimean Khanate which controlled a small amount of

territory on the coast of the Black sea, it became a vassal of the Ottomans and continued to raid

Eastern Europe. The Hungarian empire had been ravaged by the Mongols and Hungary had

become a part of the Holy Roman Empire afterwards, causing its Eastern European empire to

divide. Its Northern remanent Poland then united with Lithuania creating the biggest state in

Europe at the time, it was an empire over the city civilization, its border stretched near to the

gates of Moscow.

 

II. In 1494, 50 years after the Hundred Years war had finished, the French King claimed his right

to inheritance of the Kingdom of Sicily  they invaded but eventually resorting to sacking Naples;

its capital city. This caused the Northern Italian Kingdoms, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire to

all declare war on France. France was defeated and a year later made an agreement to carve

up the Kingdom of Sicily with Spain. This led to war with Spain who won the entire Kingdom of

Sicily for itself, while France conquered Northern Italy. The Papal states wanted to punish

Venice for being too rich and called all of Western Europe to Holy war against Venice, half way

through the Pope aligned with Venice and channelled the war against France, Venice later

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sided with France against the rest of Europe knowing they would be next and France was able

to achieve victory. France now controlled Northern Italy, and Spain knew it would soon try and

seize the Kingdom of Sicily from it while the Holy Roman Empire knew France would try and

expand into its territory too.  Since France had become a City Empire it was decaying and

became ‘hungry’ for more cities. Having realized this the crowns of the Holy Roman Empire,

under the Hapsburg Dynasty, and Spain became united under Charles V, creating the Hapsburg

Empire to suppress France. France declared war on the Hapsburgs, who were supported by

England and the Papal states. France was defeated and the Hapsburgs seized Northern Italy

from them. The Hapsburg Empire over the City civilization thus now controlled most of Western

Europe, shortly after this had been achieved a peasant war began in the Holy Roman Empire to

overthrow landlordism but it was suppressed. In 1526 the Pope united the North Italians,

Venice, France & England for a war against the Hapsburgs. Charles’s underpaid troops sacked

Rome in 1527 causing the Pope to flee, the Hapsburgs seized Venetian territory and gave it to

the Papal states to make peace with the Pope. King Francois I of France was captured in 1526 

by the Hapsburgs and vast French territories were annexed by the Holy Roman Empire,

Francois was forced to ask for help from the Ottoman Sultan to prevent the complete conquest

of France. In 1523 the Shah of Islamic Persia offered his military assistance to the Hapsburgs

against the Ottomans, his responses to the Hapsburgs pleas for assistance from 1516-19 have

not been recorded but he converted Persia to Shia Islam to justify war against the Sunni

Ottomans. When the Ottomans tried to invade the Hapsburgs, Persia launched an attack from

the rear forcing them to retreat from Europe. In five Ottoman invasions of Europe, Persia

attacked from the rear, each time considerably weakening the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans

were able to conquer Hungary from the Holy Roman Empire but each time they tried to conquer

Viena they were unsuccessful. The Ottomans and French jointly attacked Hapsburg territories in

Northern Italy and France was invaded by England and the Hapsburgs but forced to retreat

because the wars were causing economic ruin. The French again tried to conquer Hapsburg

territories but Spain defeated France and took control of the whole of Italy. The war ended

because the competing powers became bankrupt ended the Italian wars (1494- 1559). Charles

V gave the crown of Spain to his son and gave the crown of the Holy Roman Empire to his

brother. The Holy Roman Empire and Spain became separate empires but remained allies.

 

III. Spain and Portugal had both used the Chinese invention of the rudder and the compass to

make long distance sea voyages. The Portuguese established the first European overseas

colonial empire by conquering territories in Africa and Brazil and built trading ports in India and

East Asia allowing Asia’s wealth to spread into Europe. In 1519 Spain began their conquest of

the Aztec Civilization in Mexico and 13 years later began their conquest of Inca Civilization in

Peru. They conquered huge territories in South & Central America and in Western & Southern

USA creating the Spanish Empire. The American civilizations were still in the first stage of the

ancient civilization at the same level as the Egyptians had been. They had not invented the

wheel or metal working and uses weapons made with obsidian, a black glass-like volcanic rock.

The Aztecs domesticated the Turkey and cultivated plants such as maize and potatoes, they

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made floating gardens in the lake which they built their city around and built huge stone

Temples as large as the Pyramids of Egypt. The Incas made gardens spiralling around

mountains which they built their cities on top of and domesticated the Llama which has very

thick blood with a high oxygen content and could live in the mountains. Both civilizations had

collected vast quantities of gold and after the genocidal conquest and destruction of their

civilizations this was shipped back to Spain. In 1580 the Royal family of Portugal died out and

the King of Spain claimed the throne. The Spanish and Portuguese Empires became united

creating the empire over the city Iberian Union and Spain experience a Golden Age in which

science, technological invention and culture flourished. 

 

SECOND STAGE: THE RELIGIOUS WARS & THE COLLAPSE OF ENGLAND

I.  At the start of the renaissance, each of Northern Italy’s city states were in a Golden Age.

Within 70 years the Italian wars destroyed their wealth and caused them to become colonies of

Spain. The first stage of the Renaissance saw the rise of the Spain, Portugal, the Holy Roman

Empire and the Ottoman Empire and the decline of the city empire of France. The city empire of

England was hungry for cities as France had been and had joined the Hapsburgs in the Italian

wars against France, to carve out a slice of France for itself. Because the Hapsburgs were too

powerful all captured French territory went to Spain or the Holy Roman Empire. It had been

bankrupt by the Italian wars and without any new territory England began to decay. In 1534 King

Henry the 8th of England nationalized the land and monasteries belonging to the Catholic

Church into Crown property to prevent an economic collapse, he separated from the Catholic

Church creating the English Anglican church which was Catholic except that the church was

headed by the king of England rather than the Pope. When he died in 1547, his Protestant son

of his third wife ruled until 1553. Mary I, the daughter of Henry’s first wife then ruled from 1553-

1558 and changed the state religion back to Catholicism. Henry had wanted to divorce and re-

marry to create a male heir, and used this as an excuse to create his own church. Elizabeth I

was born to his second wife, who had been executed when Elizabeth was 2, and was

considered an illegitimate heir to the throne by the Catholics, she was forced to abolish

Catholicism and create a new English church which established Protestantism as the state

religion.

 

II.  Protestants in the Germany states wanted their states to become independent from the Holy

Roman Empire, Protestants in Holland wanted Holland to become independent from Spain

while Protestants in France were against the power of the Catholic Church in France and the

Landlord system which it protected. The Catholic papacy at this time were the biggest landlords

in Europe and the Landlords were all Catholic. The rise of Protestantism caused a civil war in

France between 1564 and 1598 where the landlords armed Catholics to hunt down and murder

Protestants. In 1568 the wars of Religion started and lasted until 1648. Holland fought for its

independence from Spain during the 80 year war over this time, and was assisted by France,

England and German Protestants. Portugal fought a war of independence and became

independent from Spain in 1640. England successfully defended itself from the invasion of the

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Spanish Armada in 1588. The war for the Independence of German states from the Holy Roman

Empire was the 30 years war (1618-1648) which ended the wars of Religion. England and

France fought against the Holy Roman Empire and Spain and severely weakened their power

and reduced the population and wealth of Germany. In the 30 years war protestant Sweden

gained territories from the Holy Roman Empire and from Poland. After the 30 years war France

fought Spain for control of Belgium in the War of Devolution, and won but only made slight

gains, leading directly to the Franco-Dutch war a few years later where France made significant

gains and became the most powerful state in Europe. They expanded their colonial possessions

in Eastern USA and Canada to compete with the English who also had colonies there.

 

III. During the wars of Religion the English and Dutch crowns endorsed pirate raids on Catholic

ships, they captured the Catholics onboard and sold them to the Ottomans in Algeria until 1620.

20 years later England’s economy collapsed and caused a peasant war against landlordism.

The peasants army led by Oliver Cromwell defeated the King’s army and established the rule of

a parliament. Ireland and Scotland did not recognize the parliament causing Cromwell to wage

the war of the three kingdoms to enforce the rule of the English parliament over them. The

parliament abolished landlordism and allowed each peasant to own his own small patch of land.

This allowed the merchants, manufacturers and bankers to buy up many farms from poor

farmers because all the big competition had been removed. This caused millions of farmers to

lose their land and become proletarians. Scottish farmed were forced off their hills into the city

by the English army to increase the numbers of Proletarians for the manufacturers to employ in

industry. Thus the English revolution which abolished landlordism is what caused the industrial

revolution to begin in England. In 1658 Cromwell died and a political crisis led to the son of the

executed king being crowned king.

 

IV. During the Portuguese war of independence the newly independent Dutch city state

conquered most of Portugal’s trading ports in Asia and in other parts of the world, they built up a

huge fleet and became the dominant merchant state, literally stealing this position from

Portugal. For 20 years after the English revolution the British fought the Dutch so they could

steal this position from them. A catholic was then crowned King of England and a few years

later the parliament offered the crown to the protestant Dutch king William III of Orange and

invited him to invade England. The Catholic king was overthrown by the Parliament’s and Dutch

forces and a united Empire of Holland and England was established. The Dutch merchant elite

then moved to London to profit from the industrial revolution, causing Dutch growth to cease

within 50 years. Holland’s role had been to bring Asian wealth into Europe and was thus the

growth factor of Europe. It had been well industrialized and populated by being part of the Holy

Roman Empire and then Spain’s Empire during it’s Golden Age. Holland was in a Golden Age

despite being a city state, as the Northern Italian city states had been due to being  part of the

Holy Roman Empire which had also had a Golden Age affect on its members. England had

been one of the only two city empires in Europe alongside France, both of whom were hungry

for more cities, but being unable to conquer any had decayed. The tendency of all city empires

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is to decay because they benefit the few and cause poverty amongst the majority. The wealth

hoarded in the Viking age and the crusades had been further concentrated into the hands of the

elite by the reduction of the population during the 100 years war, the division of the French

Empire left England with only a small number of cities preventing the wealth from circulating and

stimulating growth. Thus the wealth turned stale and began to cause decay. This made it vitally

require fresh wealth and resort to constant invasions of France and piracy. The English

revolution was the collapse of a hungry city empire into a daemon city empire which could never

quench its hunger for wealth even if it ruled the whole world because as wealth increased the

rate of the increase of the proletarians increased, and thus wealth became a cause of decay

since proletarians are a symptom of the decay of city empires. Thus England represented the

decay of Europe while Holland represented growth. Holland and England were opposites which

united and determined the growth and decay of each other, as England grew, Holland decayed.

Thus although England’s system was decay, England itself grew, it did this at first by forcing its

colonies to pay taxes, just as the Roman Empire had done which despite being a system of

decay from the inside out, was able to expand its territory and wealth. 

 

V. William III brought England and Holland into the Grand Alliance alongside Spain, the Holy

Roman Empire & Sweden to wage war against dominant France in the 9 years war in which

many territories were scavenged from France. Afterwards a civil war between two branches of

the Spanish crown caused France to invade to support the Bourbon line against the old

Hapsburg line, Holland, England, Portugal and the Holy Roman Empire fought France for 13

years in the war of the Spanish succession to try and prevent France and Spain uniting, as

France’s King was also of the Bourbon Dynasty. France won the war establishing a Bourbon

Dynasty in Spain but the Holy Roman Empire claimed Belgium and Italy from Spain, and

England claimed territory from France in the USA and Canada. The condition for peace was that

the French and Spanish crowns would never unite. Spain then tried to regain their Italian

territories and aspired to gain the French throne, breaking the peace treaty. France, Holland,

England and the Holy Roman Empire formed the Quadruple Alliance and defeated Spain. A civil

war in Poland between two dynastic lines caused France and Spain to fight against the Holy

Roman Empire, Spain gained South Italy and France expanded its border into Western

Germany. In 1740 France and Spain backed the German state of Prussia against the Holy

Roman Empire, which was supported by England and Holland, in the war of the Austrian

succession. Spain regained North Italy, and Prussia gained Polish territory from the Holy

Roman Empire. Sweden took the side of France to challenge Russia but Russia claimed Finish

territory from Sweden. Russia and Prussia had also gained Polish & Swedish territory in the

great northern war of 1701-21, which established Prussia as an independent state from the Holy

Roman Empire and established Russia as a great European power. Poland also lost territory to

Sweden and Russia in the 2nd Northern war 40 years earlier. Between 1772 and 1795 Poland

was partitioned three times by the Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and Russia until it ceased to

exist. In 1756 the Holy Roman Empire tried to take back their territories from Prussia and was

supported by Russia and France who was worried about Prussia‘s rising power. Prussia was

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able to retain its conquered territories. While France was distracted, England conquered all of

France’s possessions in the USA and Canada, dividing the USA into Spanish West and English

East along the Mississippi river, and conquered French controlled colonies and ports in India

and Africa. Between 1775- 1783 East America fought England for its independence to escape

from the decay caused by taxes and achieved victory with the help of France, Holland and

Spain.

 

 

THIRD STAGE: THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONS AND THE COLLAPSE OF EUROPE

I.  In the second stage of the renaissance the Holy Roman Empire divided establishing Prussia

as an independent power. Both the Holy Roman Empire and Spain declined from being the

greatest powers in Europe and France became the most powerful it then evolved from a city

empire into an Empire over the city civilization by creating a colonial empire and trading ports.

Sweden and Poland declined as Russia rose. Portugal declined as Holland rose, and then

England rose as Holland declined. When England conquered France’s colonial empire, it was

returned to a city empire again. Having been a city empire for most of its history, the wealth was

not well distributed, it’s colonial empire allowed the elite to become wealthier than ever before,

and when the colonies were lost this caused the rapid decay of France. The French Revolution

began in 1789, 26 years after they lost their colonial empire. At first the King supported the

revolution by breaking up the landlord’s estates and dividing it between the peasants. Before the

Revolution the King had represented three classes, the merchant and manufacturer class (the

bourgeoisie/the third estate), the Landlords, and the Catholic clergy, which had the fewest

members and owned the most land per capita. In the first stages of the revolution the Girondist

party of the bourgeois third estate represented the revolution. By 1792 the people of the

revolution demanded the kings execution to prevent him from uniting the church, the nobility,

and counter revolutionary peasants into a single counter revolutionary force. The petty

bourgeois actors, lawyers and journalists joined the Jacobin party led by Robespierre the

philosopher and revolutionary who had practiced as a lawyer. The Parisian Proletariat voted for

the Jacobins to take the reigns of the Revolution and the Girondists very exiled for being fake

revolutionaries (opportunists). The Jacobins had the King and thousands of counter

revolutionary landlords and priests executed. They abolished Religion and declared the Rights

of Man to be Liberty, Egality & Fraternity.

 

II. All the powers of Europe: Russia, Prussia, the Holy Roman Empire, England, Holland,

Portugal, Spain and the Italian states tried to suppress the French Revolution and invaded

France, but revolutionary France was able to defeat the invasion and conquer Belgium, half of

Germany from Prussia and the Holy Roman Empire and Northern Italy from the Hapsburgs.

During the war the bourgeoisie was able to take the re take the reigns of the Revolution, they

had Robespierre executed in 1794 and the other Jacobins murdered and exiled. The French

Revolutionary wars crossed over into the Napoleonic Wars as Napoleon Bonaparte the French

general crowned himself Emperor of the First French Empire in the presence of the Pope. In the

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Napoleonic Wars France conquered all of Europe, causing the Holy Roman Empire to be

dissolved as the successor to the crown only claimed the title of King of Austria. Napoleon

created new pro French states to weaken Prussia and Austria. Venice, the last living remnant of

Byzantium, was divided between Austria and France. Russia made peace with France and

adopted the continental system which excluded Britain from trade with Europe. The USA kept

bringing supplies to the British during the war so the French attacked their trading fleets, in

retaliation the USA built up a navy and declared war on France. Fifteen years after France had

helped America win it’s independence from the British crown, they turned to supporting Britain:

the last remaining hope for the counter revolution against the war for democracy in Europe,

what’s more, the Americans refused to continue paying their debts owed to France on the

grounds that it was owed to the crown which had ceased to exist.

 

III. The French eventually tried to overthrow the monarchy of Russia but were defeated. This

caused Prussia and Austria to fight France again and the French armies were driven all the way

back to Paris which came under siege by Europe’s armies, eventually forcing Napoleon to

abdicate and the Bourbon Dynasty to be restored. Napolean was sent to the tiny Italian Island of

Elba and made its Emperor. News reached him that a European war was about to erupt

between Russia and Prussia for control over Poland which Napoleon had re-established as a

nation. When the French and British guard ships were absent he escaped with 600 men and

landed on the Southern coast of France, he marched towards Paris and people flocked to his

side until he had assembled an army. The French army then joined him and when he marched

into Paris the King had fled. Russia, Prussia, Austria and Britain declared him an outlaw and

declared war on France. Napoleon tried to defeat the British army stationed in Belgium in the

battle of Waterloo but was defeated, he was exiled to a tiny island in the Atlantic Ocean, St.

Helena where he died 10 years later. The Bourbon King was restored again and he represented

the landowning bourgeoisie who had taken over from the landowning nobility.

 

IV. In 1830 the workers of Paris overthrew the Bourbon King who was replaced by Louis

Philippe of the Orleans Dynasty to represent the banker bourgeoisie. After 1830 the newspaper

'The National' expressed the industrial bourgeoisies’ desire for a republic, with a cheap

democratic government where they could have an equal say among the  other sections of the

bourgeoisie. Louis Blanqui was a Communist Revolutionary who after 1830 explained to the

proletariat that the bourgeoisie had robbed the workers from attaining democracy, and that the

worker’s must fight the bourgeoisie as well as the royalty to establish democracy. The workers

trusted him and his party of Communists. The petty bourgeois trusted the Social Democratic

party led by Ledru-Rollin who wanted to side with the republican bourgeoisie against the royalist

bourgeoisie for a republic. The July 1848 revolution in France overthrew Louis Philippe and a

provisional government of the Second French Republic was formed comprising of the

representatives of the three classes who had fought for a republic. The first demand of the

Parisian Proletariat was for the government to organize labour, to unite the workers into a

Commune (council) which could manage industry. The Republican Bourgeoisie kicked the

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Communists out of government and the social democrats replaced them as the representatives

of the Proletariat, they set up workhouses for the unemployed in which the proletarians were

overworked for low pay in poor conditions. These were then closed down and unemployed were

sent to the provinces for work, only to find it didn’t exist and have to travel back to Paris. When

they returned the Proletarians responded by throwing up barricades to take over Paris and

overthrow the provisional government and replace it with the dictatorship of the proletariat. In

the June Revolution 40,000 workers fought for three days against the government’s armies

brought in from the provinces five times their number and the petty bourgeoisie, who had an

armed national guard and fought to force the workers out of the streets so that their customers

could return. The Proletariat were defeated and the leaders of the insurrection were hanged.

 

V. The revolution of 1848 spread to all of Europe including Germany, Hungary and Italy. The

German revolution was defeated by Prussia. And the Hungarian and Italian Revolutions were

defeated by Austria. The Republican Bourgeoisie government of France sent the French army

to support the Pope to suppress the Italian Revolution and this caused the Social Democrats to

oppose the Republican Bourgeoisie and be kicked out of government. The Republican

Bourgeoisie then lost power to the monarchist bourgeoisie. The two parties of the two dynasties,

one of the landowners, the other of the bankers, created the Party of Order, their slogan was

'property, family, religion, order! The nephew of Napoleon, Louis Bonaparte was chosen to

represent them. The peasants voted for Napoleon because they thought that the Revolution,

though creating workshops had increased taxes, and thus needed to be undone. The July

Revolution had been caused because the bank of Paris had went bankrupt and caused a

financial crisis. Rather than nationalizing it, they allowed it to take over all the provincial banks to

delay the crisis for a later date, the revolution didn’t solve the problem that caused it and this

caused high taxes to accompany the economic recession. Louis Bonaparte then increased the

tax on wine which hurt the peasants hard, and the peasants voted for the Social Democrats. In

response, the party of order abolished the right for all the population to vote, ending the 2nd

Republic. Louis Bonaparte then created a private army of hired pimps, thieves and unemployed.

He won the army to his cause by giving them champagne and sausages and carried out a coup

d'etat in 1852 crowning himself Emperor of the 2nd French Empire: Napoleon III. It was under

his reign that Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia came under French Imperial rule.

 

VI. In 1870 Napoleon III declared war on Prussia, which had defeated Austria in war in 1866

becoming the dominant German state and united all other German states except Austria into the

North German Confederacy, the new version of the Holy Roman Empire, now led by Prussia

rather than Austria. When news reached Paris that the French Army and Napoleon III had been

captured by Prussia the Parisian Proletariat overthrew the government and declared the end of

the 2nd Empire and the establishment of the 3rd Republic. The Prussians invaded and a

people’s war against the invaders began throughout the country to defend the 3rd Republic. The

Prussian besieged Paris but the Proletariat kept them out of the city and an armistice was

agreed upon. A government of national defence was set up by the royalist parties. The people

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voted that the royalists should not lead the country but they continued to anyway. Adolphe

Theirs, prime minister of France during the Orelanist Dynasty 1830-1848, and leader of the

government of national defence, agreed to disarm the Parisian Workers so Bismarck, King of

Prussia and Emperor of Germany, could make a victory march through Paris. He also agreed to

give Prussia 5 Billion Francs and cede two French provinces to Prussia. In return, Bismarck

returned captured French soldiers to Theirs. If the Prussian Army failed to conquer Paris, the

Workers would remain armed and not allow the government to make them pay for debts

accumulated since 1848. Theirs sent an army to take the cannons of Paris but did not send

harnesses for horses to transport the cannons. The Parisian Workers asked the army to leave

the guns in the hands of the defenders of the revolution, in response the generals told the army

to fire on the people. The Army sided with the revolution and killed their generals, the National

Guard also then sided with the workers against the government of national defence and

declared a Worker’s elected Commune the new government of Paris in March 1871. Thiers’s

government fled to Versailles 20 Km from Paris and began to prepare for civil war. Commune

Governments were established in other French cities including Tolusse and Lyon but Their's

army, which was one of the most advanced in the world at the time, defeated these one by one

and then on May 21st snuck into Paris through the Prussian held sector which was unguarded

because of the armistice. Women, men and thousands of children fought and died to protect the

commune until it fell on the 28th. Throughout the week 70,000 were slaughtered and afterwards

40,000 were marched to Versailles for trial.

 

VII. The British & the French Revolution abolished landlordism, causing the bourgeoisie to

monopolize the land turning the small farmers into proletarians which sparked industrial

revolution. This caused banking and industry to rapidly become monopolized as well. Industry

and Banking then united into cartel corporations and the shareholders of the corporations

became the ’financial’ bourgeoisie whose finance capital was huge enough to industrialize

whole continents with railroads and factories. As the means of production became monopolized

they became mechanized and more productive. The proletariat produced more products than

they could afford to buy. There was no minimum wage and it was kept at the minimum cost of

maintaining a worker’s household to maximize the profits of the bourgeoisie. Capital could only

expand itself if the product it converted itself into could be sold, and thus capital became a

symptom of decay when it evolved into financial capital. The British abolished the transatlantic

slave trade in 1807 and began to conquer Africa and India. Rather than buying slaves from

African kingdoms and selling them for a profit they converted whole nations into slaves of their

corporations, ruled over by colonial bourgeois dictatorships. They abolished the slave trade

during the French Revolution because they realized that since France had abolished

landlordism it would experience an industrial revolution which would eventually cause the

French bourgeoisie to realize the importance of colonialism and attempt to challenge Britain’s

position for control of the world. The monopolization of capital in France occurred while France

had no colonies, this caused 3 Revolutions and 2 civil wars between the bourgeoisie and the

proletariat over the next 70 years. This caused the 3rd French Republic to take over all of Africa

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which wasn’t ruled by the British, claiming all of Western Africa from Tunisia to Congo

Brazzaville, half of which was desert the other half Jungle. Prussia forced capitalism onto the

German Empire by created state owned industrial and banking monopolies to fasten the pace of

industrialization throughout the Empire and then claimed several colonies in Africa and in Papa

New Guinea to prevent decay. Belgium became independent after the French revolutionary

wars and was given Congo-Kinshasa as a colony by the other European states, who all had

interests there. This turned Belgium capitalist as the industry monopolized quickly allowing

Belgium to expand its finances to invest in Russia which was already paying interest to its debts

to France and Britain.

 

VIII. During the Napoleonic Wars Spain made peace with France and became her ally. The

Spanish and French had invaded Portugal but were defeated, Napoleon then replaced the King

of Spain with his brother. In the Spanish colonies of America some people had formed anti

Napoleon armies for the defence of the Spanish Crown for the preservation of the Spanish

Empire, these turned into revolutionary armies which brought about the independence of Latin

America in 1813. In the first independence revolution of Venezuela, slavery was not abolished

by the Revolutionaries after they took over the government, and the slaves were used by

counter revolutionaries to defeat the revolution. On the second attempt slavery was abolished

and all Spanish colonies on the mainland of South and Central America became independent.

In 1846-48 the Americans conquered Western USA from the Empire of Mexico. The USA had

been capitalist in the North while slavery was still used in the South. Capitalism promotes the

growth of wealth faster than Slavery. The maintenance of slaves reduces the slave owners

wealth, while proletarians have to buy their items of maintenance from other capitalists, and

thus their maintenance increases the wealth of the capitalist class all round, allowing the faster

concentration of capital. Slavery exploits slaves in production but assists them in maintenance,

while capitalism exploits workers in production as well as maintenance, it is thus a dipolar form

of slavery while slavery is a mono-polar system. While slavery causes those who aren’t elite and

don’t have slaves to become poor, capitalism causes all those who aren’t elite to become worse

than slaves: proletarians. Slaves could not be used in factories because they would attempt to

destroy the expensive equipment, workers are the only suitable factory slave because the threat

of unemployment makes them docile. Thus converting the slaves into workers would also

quicken the pace of industrialisation. The government abolished slavery in favour of capitalism

to allow the wealth of the country to grow at a maximum pace. This caused the American civil

war in the 1860’s in which the South tried to become independent so as to keep using slaves,

the North defeated them preserving the USA as one and abolished slavery throughout. The

wealth remained segregated between black and white causing the whites to remain racist to

jealously defend their wealth. When the blacks demanded equality the whites formed the Klu

Klux Klan to terrorize the rebellious blacks and murder their leaders. Shortly after the abolition of

slavery the USA expanded its colonial possessions conquering Cuba, Puerto Rico and the

Philippines from Spain in 1898. The USA also forced Japan to open its borders to trade in the

1850’s. in 1870 the Japanese Emperor abolished the Samurai landlords and began to

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industrialize Japan. In 1895 they invaded and defeated China and gained rights to sell them

their surplus products. In 1905 they also defeated Russia in a war in 1905 for dominance in

Korea and colonized Korea completely in 1910. After the 1848 revolution Italy began to unite

and eventually defeated Austria and became independent, it then tried to conquer Ethiopia, and

was the first colonial power to be defeated by the hands of an African civilization, it then fought

the Ottoman Empire and conquered Libya in 1911.  

IX. The establishment of Capitalism caused the ’Long Depression’ in America and Europe in the

last 20 years of the 1800‘s. The was eventually escaped because of the colonization of China.

Europe was in debt to China because Chinese products were in high demand in Europe while

European and especially the huge quantity of British products were in low demand in China.

The only product the Europeans could sell that the Chinese would buy was Opium, so the

British established huge plantations of poppies in their recently acquired territories of India,

which became the Jewel of the their Empire. The British defeated China in two wars between

1839 and 1860, in the second war-the British were supported by the French, Americans and

Russia. The wars forced the Chinese Emperor to allow the Opium trade, and to allow European

trading ports and lordship over areas of China so they could sell their products. China’s wealth

was built over thousands of years of dominating Asia and Europe in which they experienced a

constant Golden Age. Because Chinas wealth was spent buying European products, Europe

was relieved of economic collapse. Again two opposites united and determined the growth and

decay of each other, decaying Western civilization colonized growing China causing the growth

of the west and the decline of China. In 1900 the Chinese rose up in the Boxer rebellion against

the western overlords causing the 8 Nations Alliance to invaded China to suppress the uprising,

which included the USA, England, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia & Japan.

 

X. In 1873, two years after the Franco Prussian War, Germany formed the Alliance of the Three

Empires with Russia and Austria to prevent Russia becoming allies with France and launching a

fatal pincer attack on them, to downgrade their dominant position in Europe. Egypt had become

independent from the Ottoman Empire after the Napoleonic wars in which France had invaded

Egypt bringing a period of chaos out of which the Ottoman Empire divided into Egyptian and

Turkish possessions. The Balkan states then began to struggle for their independence from the

disintegrating Ottoman Empire. Russia waged war on the Ottoman Empire in 1778 helping

Romania to win it’s independence. The Alliance of the Three Empires broke as Austria and

Russia became rivals for the conquest of the Balkans. The Alliance was re-established in 1881

but broke again in 1887 because of the Balkan conflict. France and England were opposed to

Germany because of it’s colonial expansion which threatened their dominant position over the

world and Russia decided to leave the alliance and join France and England‘s more powerful

alliance which had the support of their vast colonial Empires. Russia had a huge colonial empire

in Asia ruling 15 different races, they had a lot to loose and were scared of being on the loosing

side in a European war. If they had fought on the side of Germany against England and France,

Sweden would have invaded to try and reclaim Finland, the Ottomans would have invaded to

reconquer territory lost to Russia over the last few centuries, Persia would have invaded from

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the South to reclaim Islamic Central Asia, Japan would have invaded from the rear to expand its

Empire and the USA would have done the same to restrict the rise of Japan which was their

biggest rival in the Pacific. Italy joined the German-Austrian alliance because they wanted to

attain more colonial possessions but had been restricted from doing so by France and England,

they thus sided with Germany who wanted to break the dominance of England and France over

the world. In 1908 Austria conquered the newly independent Balkan state of Bosnia, which was

followed by the second Balkan war of 1913 in which the Ottomans and the newly independent

Balkan states fought against Austria and the newly independent Bulgaria. When the First World

War began in 1914 Italy did not help their allies, instead they entered the war a year latter

against them. The Bulgarians remained on the side of Austria and Germany because they

wanted to dominate the Balkans but couldn’t do this if Russia won the war. The Ottomans

Empire joined the side of Germany one month after the war had begun because they knew it

was the only chance they had left to defend their empire from the Russians. Japan joined the

war against Germany in 1914, Romania joined in 1916 and America joined in 1917.

 

XI. The war caused Russia to have a revolution in February 1917, which led to the workers

achieving the dictatorship of the proletariat in October the same year. At first a Republican

Bourgeoisie government, and later the Social Democrats (Mensheviks) took the reigns of the

Revolution but they lost their popularity to the Communists (Bolsheviks) because they didn’t

divide up the landlord’s land for the peasants or leave the war, and didn’t hand over state power

to the workers, peasants and soldier’s commune (called the Soviet) which had been created at

the outbreak of the revolution. The worker’s knew to create one to defend their revolution

because they had created one to fight against the Russian emperor (Tsar) in the first Revolution

attempt of 1905 after the failed war with Japan. The Communists carried out an insurrection and

put the Soviet in power, causing the Mensheviks along with other opportunist parties to boycott

the Soviet government on the grounds that it was a Communist dictatorship. The Communists

immediately broke up the landlords land for the peasants, nationalized all industry into the

hands of the Soviet and stoped paying debts to the imperialists (capitalist empires). They

published the secret treaties which showed that the 3rd French Republic had bribed the Russian

Tsar with the biggest loan in history to fight against Germany until the end with the promise of

receiving Constantinople as his prize. In March 1918 the Communists ceded their western

territory to make peace with Germany to secure the survival of the revolution.

 

XII. The war ended in November 1918 when the revolution spread to Germany and Austria

which overthrew their monarchies. Social Democratic Parties took the reins of the Revolution

but suppressed the dictatorship of the proletariat from being realized by using the army to break

up the Soviets which had been created and assassinating the leaders of the pro Russian

Communist Party. The Ottoman Empire was carved up between Britain & France. Turkey was

also carved up between France, England, Greece and Italy but when Russia revealed the secret

war treaties the Turkish began their war of independence which established the Republic of

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Turkey in 1920. Germany’s colonial possessions were divided between Britain, Japan, France,

Belgium, Portugal and South Africa. 

XIII. WWI killed 14 million people and is the last event of the renaissance. After World War I, the

world was entirely under the colonial rule of the 9 capitalist empires: Britain, France, Holland,

Belgium, Italy, Portugal, America, Japan and South Africa, except for South America which was

independent but ruled by the finance capital of these empires, and Russia which was now

completely independent from all forms of colonialist exploitation. All industry in the colonies

were owned by the corporations of the home countries. The colonial proletariat could not afford

to buy all that they made causing the corporations to reduce production causing permanent

unemployment. This meant that the colonies were not able to produce all that they needed to

survive, and were forced to buy products made in the home countries, causing them to go into

debt, this caused the first great depression to begin in 1929 in which production reduced by

50% in the many of the home countries causing mass unemployment and starvation throughout

the world. During the great depression Russia grew at a rate of 250%. 

 

THE MODERN AGE: THE RISE OF COMMUNISM AND THE DECLINE OF WESTERN

EUROPEAN COLONIALISM

FIRST STAGE: THE BIRTH OF COMMUNISM AND WORLD WAR II

I. After the Russian Revolution achieved the dictatorship of the Proletariat, the Social

Democratic Party called the Mensheviks sided with the White Army of the Russian Tsar

(Emperor) to fight against the Red Army of Communist Soldiers, Workers and Peasants. Before

WWI was over Britain, Canada, France, Italy, Japan, the United States, Czechoslovakia,

Finland, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Greece, China, India and Australia invaded Russia to back

the White Army in the civil war. All of Russia’s territory was conquered except for two cities

which remained under Communist control: Moscow and St. Petersburg, but the Communists

were able to achieve victory and establish Soviet regimes in the Ukraine, Belarus and the

Caucuses which brought together four Soviet Republics forming the Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (USSR). The Red Flag which had been used by the Paris Commune was adopted

and a Hammer and Sickle was used to represent the dictatorship of the united Proletariat and

Peasantry. A Soviet Republic was also established in Hungary when the Austrian Empire had

collapsed, but Romania invaded and destroyed the Hungarian Revolution. Bulgaria had been

devastated by the war and this caused Romania to become the dominant power in the Balkans.

 

II. Italy then began to expand its colonial Empire and was able to conquer Ethiopia becoming

what Germany had been before the world war I: an emerging colonial power which threatened

Britain and France. Germany and Austria both joined Italy in the Axis alliance to try and conquer

the world from Britain and France. Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Slovakia all also allied to

the Axis which were some of the states of Eastern Europe which hadn’t joined the USSR and

were thus suffering from the great depression. The Spanish Revolution had begun in 1936 and

the king was finally overthrown after 100 years of civil war between royalists and the Republican

bourgeoisie and Proletariat in which the royalists always won. The Spanish workers created

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Soviets but the republican bourgeoisie and other opportunist forces who held the reigns of the

revolution used the army to break them up. The Army under General Franco then declared civil

war against the revolution and was baked by the Axis powers. The Russians backed the

Republican government while the French and British stayed neutral. Franco won the civil war

and established a Fascist government, which also caused the defeat of the Portuguese

Revolution and established a fascist regime there.

 

III. WWII started in 1937 when Japan invaded China and conquered it from the Europeans.

Japan tried to invade Mongolia which had become aligned to the USSR and become

Communist, but were driven back by the Red Army. Thailand aligned with Japan against the

French and British who had colonized South East Asia and reduced the size of their Empire.

During the war Iraq & Persia also sided with the Axis to help bring down the French & British

colonial Empires. Burma was conquered from the United Kingdom, Vietnam, Cambodia and

Laos was conquered from the French, the Philippines were conquered from the USA and

Indonesia was conquered from the Dutch by the Empire of Japan. This caused the USA to

declare war on Japan in December 1941. The war in Europe began when a peace treaty was

made between the Axis and the USSR which divided Poland between the two powers causing

France and Britain to declare war on Germany. During the first year of WWII no major military

attacks were made against the Axis by either Britain or France, so little was their effort that this

stage of WWII is called the Phoney War. The Germans ended this period by conquering

Holland, Belgium and France in just 45 days, during which the British army fled the battlefield

back to England. A Fascist regime was set up over most of France, and the Colonial Empire of

France became Axis territory.

 

IV. All of Europe was united behind Hitler when the invasion of the USSR began in 1941

beginning the second stage of WW2 in Europe. 30million of the 70million total deaths caused by

WWII were Soviet citizens. Leningrad was sieged for 872 days, 1 million civilians were killed

and 1 million Soviet soldiers died liberating it. The Axis invaded Stalingrad with their largest ‘6th’

Army. The siege lasted 6 months and killed 1 million Soviets. The Red Army captured the 6th

Army at Stalingrad and began the liberation of the USSR from Fascist occupation. Belarus had

been occupies for 3 years, the resistance of its Soviet population contributed greatly to the fall of

the Nazis. In retaliation, the Nazis killed all the inhabitants of 636 villages by locking them up in

barns and burning them to the ground. 90% of Fascist Europe’s army fought on the Eastern

Front while 10% guarded the rear, and neither Britain or the USA tried to helped to alleviate any

stress from the Eastern Front by invading from the West until the dastardly ‘D-Day’ invasion in

mid 1944 when Russia had already advanced approximately 1,400 Km from Stalingrad towards

Berlin over a period of one and a half years. The Red Army overthrew Nazi regimes and put the

Communist Parties of these countries in power expanding the Soviet Union into an economic

and military union of liberated states called the Socialist bloc.

 

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V. The Americans and British invaded to prevent the Soviets conquering all of Europe which

would have brought France, Portugal, Holland and Belgium and their colonial Empire into the

Socialist bloc and turned Communism into a world system. The Americans arrived in Paris after

the Parisian workers had already risen up against the Nazis. The condition for France and Italy

receiving loans from the USA to rebuild was that the Communist Parties who had fought the

Nazis throughout the war as underground resistance armies would be kicked out of the

governments they were democratically elected to represent. To suppress Communism from

taking over in Greece the United States invaded to back the royalists in a revolutionary civil war,

this did not cause a war with the USSR because the USA had made a peace deal nearing the

end of the war which put Greece under America’s sphere of influence. The Americans

preserved the fascist dictators of Portugal & Spain who had fought beside Hitler to destroy the

USSR. The Americans preserved the Spanish dictator as well as Portuguese, to prevent the fall

of one causing the fall of the other, which would have caused the dissolution of Portugal’s

colonial empire. The intention of the invasion of the Soviet Union was to colonize the Soviet

Union for living space and recourses for western Europeans (non Slavic-Europeans). Under the

scapegoat of Jew hunting, the intention of the Axis alliance was to escape the Great Depression

by conquering the world from the British & French to be ruled by white Europeans & Japanese

collectively, rather than by French & English and exclusively. The French had ‘generously’

joined the Axis’s cause against the British after they were conquered. The European countries

in which capitalism was preserved joined America’s North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

military alliance, which also included Canada, to suppress the revolution in the colonies.

Australia and New Zealand joined the SEATO alliance to support NATO. 

SECOND STAGE: THE GROWTH OF COMMUNISM

I. Some colonies had used WWII to fight against British and French colonial rule, while in

Vietnam, Korea and China Communist Revolutionary armies began the revolution while under

Japanese occupation. After WW2 Vietnam continued the revolution against the French, North

Vietnam achieved the dictatorship of the proletariat and joined the Socialist Bloc while South

Vietnam became an American colony. North Korea achieved the dictatorship of the proletariat

after fighting against the USA, NATO and SEATO and joined the Socialist bloc while South

Korea became an American colony, 2 million Koreans died in the war. China achieved the

dictatorship of the Proletariat after the Communists defeated the bourgeoisie in the Civil War

after WW2 and joined the Socialist bloc. South Vietnam then began a revolution to unite with the

North and become Communist. The USA exploded their own warship in North Vietnamese

waters so NATO and SEATO could occupy South Vietnam and suppress the revolution there,

they tried to overthrow Communism in North Vietnam but were defeated leading to South

Vietnam becoming Communist. 4 million Vietnamese died in the war. During the war the USA

carried out the biggest bombing raid in history to try and stop Laos going Communist but did not

prevent it from doing so. The USA bombed Cambodia to help terrorist rebels overthrow the pro

North Vietnamese Cambodian king. They were led by Pol Pot who masqueraded as a

Communist to give Communism a bad name. After Vietnam won the war they invaded and

overthrew Pol Pot and installed a Communist regime because Pol Pot was carrying out

30

genocide on ethnic Vietnamese Cambodians. The USA continued to support Pol Pot for

decades to continue a civil war on Cambodia which had joined the Socialist bloc. Pop Pot is the

only leader considered by the bourgeoisie to be a Communist who didn’t join the Socialist bloc.

 

II. The only country to liberate itself from the direct colonial rule of the USA was Cuba in 1959.

They nationalized the American corporations and were placed under an economic embargo by

the USA until compensation for the corporations was paid. They were forced into an alliance

with the USSR but upon joining the Socialist bloc they sent their army into Africa to expand the

Socialist Bloc by supporting liberation armies fighting against Portuguese colonial rule, while

NATO & SEATO were tied down trying to suppress the revolution in South East Asia. In 1974

the Portuguese army mutinied against the fascist government causing the overthrow of the

Spanish and Portuguese fascist dictators. Portugal’s colonies were given their independence

and they all joined the Socialist bloc except for Guinea Bissau which was prevented from doing

so by an anti Communist coup. Belgians main colony was Congo-Kinshasa, after it achieved its

independence in 1960 the CIA bribed Mubuto, the head of the armed forces, to betray his friend,

the prime minister Patrice Lumumba, causing a civil war in which Belgian, German, American

and South African mercenaries fought against the Lumumbist revolutionaries who were backed

by the Cuban Army led personally by the legendary communist Che Guevara. South Africa’s

colonial rule over Namibia was broken by Cuban assistance to the defence of Communist

Angola from South Africa’s invasion in 1987 causing the decay of South African capitalism and

the overthrow of the racist Apartheid system in 1994.

 

III. After WWII Italy’s colonies of Ethiopia, Somalia and Libya became independent and later all

three joined the Socialist bloc. Holland lost its main colony Indonesia to the Japanese, which

after WWII became independent. The president Sukarno led Indonesia into a revolution and an

alliance with China, North Korea and North Vietnam, and tried to unite the colonial world against

the imperialists but was overthrown by a CIA coup and murdered. The French colonies which

joined the Socialist bloc were Benin, Congo-Brazzaville, Syria, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.

Thomas Sankara aligned Burkina Faso with Cuba and led it into a Communist revolution in

1983 but he was overthrown and assassinated by a French backed coup in 1987 to prevent

Burkina Faso becoming a full member of the Socialist bloc. The British colonies to join the

Socialist Bloc were Afghanistan, which was overthrown by the imperialists with the help of

Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, Uganda which was overthrown by Tanzania on behalf of the

imperialists, South Yemen, Iraq, and Burma whose revolution began as a war against Japanese

colonialism. Peru and Chile also joined the Socialist Bloc but their leaders were overthrown by

CIA backed military coups, and Nicaragua joined the Socialist bloc but was plunged into civil

war by CIA mercenaries. Thus the growth of the Socialist bloc determined the decay of

colonialism, but the survival of imperialism (the home countries) restricted the growth of the

Socialist bloc. Colonies which liberated themselves but didn’t join the Socialist Bloc became neo

colonies and were often used to wage war on Socialist Bloc countries by the imperialists.

 

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IV. Western Europe joined NATO after WWII to preserve their colonial Empires at the cost of

coming under the yoke of American finance capital and becoming colonies of the American neo

colonial free market Empire also known inappropriately as ‘the free world‘. This caused the post

war boom for the USA. The free world stopped growing by the 60’s causing revolutions in 1968

in the USA, France, Italy, Spain, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and Pakistan all of which failed to

achieve the dictatorship of the Proletariat. After this Europe survived by living off debt

repayments from their remaining colonies or former colonies which hadn’t joined the Socialist

bloc, while the USA sucked debt repayments from the entire free world. The only source of real

growth for the free world from 1968-present came from China which joined the free market after

their revolutionary leader, Mao Tse Tung died in 1976. Mao had turned China into a Communist

State by nationalizing all industry and land allowing it to grow at a rapid pace like Russia had.

During the rise of capitalism in the 1800’s China was able to buy Europe’s surplus products to

hold back the collapse of capitalism. In the decline of capitalism in the 1900’s China held back

the collapse of capitalism by making and selling everything to everyone in the free world. The

people living in the free world could not afford to buy their own manufactured products or

American made products because the debt had caused economic decay and inflation. They had

to buy from China which had the cheapest products because it was the healthiest member of

the free market. China had no debt because it had been in the Socialist bloc. It had a thriving

economy because it had carried out a Communist transformation and had the world’s largest

population because of its two thousand years of constant Golden Age. Food prices and living

costs were low so wages could be low and products were cheap. Since America was out

competed by China it went into debt to China, so now all free world is working overtime to pay

for America’s debt owed to China which if stacked as $20 bills would reach three quarters of the

way to the moon.

 

THIRD STAGE: THE DESTRUCTION OF COMMUNISM

I. After Mao died, China helped America to suppress the world revolution by supporting

mercenary armies to wage civil wars in the Socialist bloc nations of Africa and South East Asia,

this caused million of deaths and caused the Socialist bloc to fall between 1989-1992. During

the collapse of the Socialist bloc many formerly Communist countries changed their economic

foundation back to capitalism, most of these became neo-colonized by the USA, Britain &

France, while Russia became a maintainer of the world economy alongside China, with a huge

growth rate and low debt. Only Cuba, Libya, Belarus, Turkmenistan, North Korea, Vietnam &

Laos were preserved as Communist states.

 

II. In 2008 the world banking system collapsed and revealed that the world growth rate was

250% fake, which meant that only 30% was real. In the modern era 1% of the population own

50% of all the world’s wealth, while 50% of the population only owns 1% between them. The

world became too poor to drive growth causing the world economy to begin its catastrophic

collapse into the second great depression. 

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III. WWII created the so called free world as the European Empires were absorbed into one

American Empire. The USA thus became rulers of half the world during the cold war, and after

the cold war became rulers of the majority of the rest of the world. The USA achieved what

Hitler tried to do, surpass Britain as a superpower as well as destroy the USSR. Rather than

doing this by conquering the British Empire they did it by saving Western Europe from

Communism. They defeated the USSR in the same way Hitler tried to, uniting the imperialist

empires to wage war against it, but did it by bleeding the 3rd world Communist nations to death

rather than confronting the USSR head on.

 

IV. Landlordism is the slavery of the peasants, Roman slavery used slaves, while capitalism

uses Proletarians. Capitalism is thus opposite to Roman Slavery because slaves are opposite to

proletarians: slaves cause growth while proletarians cause decay. In the 20th Century

capitalism lead to the American empire which is a repeat of the Roman empire: a massive City

Empire decaying from the inside out. The repeats of Byzantium in the 20th Century were the

capitalist city empires, most notably Portugal, France and England, both maintained declining

city Empires in their eras. The Socialist bloc was a repeat of Islamic civilization which both rose

from the ashes of the collapse of city empire civilizations as advanced new forms of Empire over

the city civilizations, and weakened the Byzantium city empires as they grew in their eras. WW2

was a repeat of the crusades, in which the imperialists tried to destroy the USSR, the fascists

directly, and the English and Americans indirectly by looking on happily as the Nazis tried to

bleed them to death. After WW2 all the imperialists united into America’s NATO Empire to

destroy the Socialist bloc in the cold war. The cold war was a repeat of WW1 in which all the

imperialists united against Germany to avoid loosing their colonies. Communist China who

turned on the Socialist Bloc and prevented it from defeating NATO in the cold war was a repeat

of Islamic Persia who turned on the Ottoman Empire preventing it from defeating Christian

Europe. 

V. When the next great depression comes, the international proletarian revolution will be fused

with a world war to bring down the USA’s Empire. NATO has been preserved for 20 years since

the end of the cold war for the sole purpose of fighting against this approaching revolution. After

the cold war, the United Nations, while claiming to represent a world united for peace and

economic prosperity, actually became a tool of Washington D.C. to defend the image & ideology

of the financial bourgeoisie. The UN endorsed NATO invasion of Gaddafi’s Green Libya without

a shred of condemning evidence against Gaddafi, relying and an entirely false media portrait

and on the ignorance of the publics knowledge of Libya‘s virtuous revolutionary history under

Gaddafi and current economic prosperity and social progress. The UN allowed this only

because Libya is a Communist country which thus has the potential to unite Africa and the Arab

countries for a revolutionary war against the USA, the satanic forces which control the UN thus

took the initiative and struck first. Now that the second great depression and the World

Revolution have begun, NATO is being used to wage World War III against the revolutionary

forces of humanity. The Imperialists will attempt to overthrow all the world’s revolutionary

governments and have them replaced with fascist puppets. Money and the Proletariat, the two

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causes for the decay of the Worldwide American City Empire. will need to be abolished during

or directly after the war to preserve the wealth of the financial bourgeoisie. Thus NATO will be

used to reduce the world population, which will be a genocide targeted against the non-white

races of the world who have no history of fascism and thus have not proven their ability to erase

their own memories. The proletariat must immediately overthrow all anti Gaddafi governments

across the globe to stop the invasion of Libya which is the first act of WWIII, to prevent it from

escalating and becoming unpreventable. All virtuous ones unite under the green banner of the

Jamahiriya Network Vth Communist International to lead the revolutionary forces of humanity in

the last great war against imperialism!