Group Members

Abdullah Iftikhar (13-CE-01)

Bilal Nasir (13-CE-15)

Environmental Engineering-1

Department of Civil Engineering

1

Contents

• Background Knowledge

• Major Pollution Problems

o Air Pollution

o Water Pollution

o Land Pollution

• Effect of Pollution in New Delhi

• Control of Pollution by Authorities

2

Background Knowledge

• Delhi – The most polluted city on Earth (WHO)

• Prominent features of its Geography

o Yamuna River’s Flood

o Delhi Ridge

• Included in India’s Seismic Zone-IV

• 2nd most populous city in the World (almost 25 million)

• According to WHO, Delhi had an average

o 153 PM 2.5s per cubic meter

o International ‘Safe Level’ is 6 PM 2.5s per cubic meter

3

Major Pollution Problems

• Air Pollution

o Largest consumer of agricultural waste, biomass and fuel wood

o Average solid waste generated in Delhi is 10,000 tons/day

o 7.4 million vehicles run on roads with increase of 1,400 every day

o Diesel Burning Generators

o Greenhouse gases

(NOx, Methane, Black Carbon etc.)

o 10,500 deaths every year

Source : http://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/air-pollution-set-to-rise-drastically-in-indian-cities-report_1497419.html 4

Major Pollution Problems

• Water Pollution

o Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content of Yamuna River

• 7.5 mg/l at entry point

• 1.3 mg/l at exit point

o Count of Coliform jumps from

• 8500/100 mg/l at entry point

• 329,312/100 mg/l at exit point

o Raw Sewage runs in River

o Contamination of Aquifers

o Non-functioning of sewer

system and treatment plants

Source: http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/by-the-yamuna/ 5

Major Pollution Problems

• Land Pollution o Industrial waste dumping, poor agricultural practices,

indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes are main causes

o Garbage consists of 30% plastic bags (Report by NGO)

o Urbanization resulted in land loss to plants and animals

o Drainage of Residual

Wastes and Biomass

Sludge in sanitized areas

o Affecting Respiratory System

o Diagnosing skin problems

Source: http://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/plastic-pollution-is-killing-wildlife-in-south-delhi/story-GKtCe4UW83Zk1z4iJlYrdM.html 6

Major Pollution Problems

Source: http://newsworldindia.in/india/metro/delhis-air-pollution-forces-new-york-times-journalist-to-leave-india/46661/ 7

Effects of Pollution in New Delhi

• Decrease in soil fertility and agricultural production

• Various diseases and deaths due to chemicals use

• Emission of harmful gases due to decomposition

of waste substances

• Increased risk of respiratory and heart diseases

8

Effect of Pollution in New Delhi

• Soil Erosion in waterways causing flood

• Particulate matter causing damage to lung tissues

• Pungent odor in water due to direct disposal in

waterways

• Death of Aquatic animals due to deficiency in O2

9

Effect of Pollution in New Delhi

Source: http://money.cnn.com/2015/12/30/news/economy/delhi-india-air-pollution-cars/ 10

Control of Pollution by Authorities

• Deploying Mobile Enforcement Teams for

prosecution of polluting vehicles

• Public Awareness Campaigns to raise social

consciousness

• Educating the motorists on engine tuning and

maintenance

• Mass Rapid Transport System (i.e. metro railways) to

control pollution

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Control of Pollution by Authorities

• Actions to improve quality of fuel

• Odd-even traffic scheme to tackle rising air

pollution

• Large scale plantation in and around Delhi

• Policy for atmospheric pollution, afforestation, bio-

medical waste, domestic refuse and water and

sewage treatment.

12

Questions???

13