POM.EVOLUTION OF MGMT THOUGHT.Early contribution : up to 19th centu.Classical Theory: 1900 1940.Neo-classical app. 1940-1970.Modern approach. 1960-1970 onwards.

CLASSICAL APPROACH.1. SCIENTIFIC Mgmt.2 Administrative Mgmt.

New CLASSICAL Approach.1Human relation approach.2 social system approach.3 Decision system approach.4.Mgmt Science approach.5. Human behaviour approach.

Modern Mgmt Approach.1.Systems Approach.2.Contingency Approach.

Scientific Mgmt. F.W.TAYLOR- replacing rule of thumb with science.-harmony in group action.- cooperation.-Maximum output.- development of workers.

Criticism of scientific app.1- no human concern.2- strict control & authoritarian style.3- increase in production orientation.4- compromise with quality.

Administrative mgmt approach. HENRY FAYOL. 14 PRINCIPLES.1 Division of work.2 Authority & responsibility.3- Discipline.4- Unity of command.5- Unity of direction.6- subordination of individual interest to general interest.7- Remuneration of personnel.

Principles Contd8- Centralisation. 9- Scalar Chain.10- Order.11- Equity.12- Stability of tenure.13. Initiative.14- Esprit De Corp.

System approach.

System: a set of pars & combination of parts interrelated o each other.Each part may have many sub parts.All parts are interrelated to each o- ther.All sub pars are also called sub-systems.

Contd..Features of a system.1.combination of interrelated sub-parts.2. parts are mutually interrelated to each other. 3. these parts are sequentially arranged .4. it has a boundary.5. system transform input in to out puts.

Types of Systems Closed system. Open System.

Management Functions.Planning.Organizing.Staffing.Directing.Controlling.

Nature Of Mgmt. Fns.Are universal in nature.Are interactive in nature.Are normally sequential in nature, but actually are circular in sequence.

Levels of Mamt.Top mgmt.Middle mgmt.Lower mgmg.

Top mgmt. hierarchy.Board of directors.Chairman.Managing director or CEO.

Middle mgmt. hireDeptt. Heads.Regional heads.Managers.Sectional heads.

Lower mgmt. hire.Senior supervisors.Front line supervisors.Operators.

Fns of top mgmt.Formulations of long terms plans.Guidance & directions.Integration.Staffing.Review & control.Public relations.

Coordination.the essence of mgmt.Definition: coord. Is an orderly pattern or arrangement of group efforts to ensure unity of actions of various orgn. Activities to facilitate achievement of common goals.It requires unification of diverse & specialized activities.It involves orderly synchronization of activities, timing , amount , sequence & quality.

Contd..To coordinate is to ensure hormony.To ensure team work & unified & integration of effort.

Nature & characterisitics of Coordination.Is not an independent fn of mgmt but is the essence of sound mgmt.Is an basic responsibility of each manager & is hence need of a effective managerial skill.Coordn. Is not volunteer process rather is an dedicated deliberate managerial effort.Is a result of unified actions.Is a continuos process.

Contd..Is a group effort process hence need participation of aligned group members.Is an balancing process.

Diffe. between coordination & cooperation. Coordination Cooperation 1. is deliberate effort 1. is a volunteer. of a manager. will of a person. 2. is collective effort. 2. is individual effort 3. is a result of coop. 3. cant ensure coordination. 4. is a group goal 4. is individual oriented goal oriented normally

Need & significance of coordination.Large & complex business operations.Specialization & division of work.Clash of interests.Different perception of problems.Interdependence of deptts & units.Conflicts.

Types of coordination.Internal coordination.External coordination.Vertical coordination.Horizontal coordination.Procedural coordination.( org. chart ).Substantive coordination.( blue print of engine drawings ).

Principles of effective coordination.Direct personal contact effort.Early start & beginning.Level of proper motivation.Right direction.Reciprocity.Continuity.

Techniques of coordination.Sound planningSimplified organisationsEffective communications.Effective leadership & supervision.Proper chain of command.Introduction of proper incentives.Participative mgmt style.Effective motivational tools.Adequate counselling with workforce.