Appendix 35
Open Session of the EuFMD: 2012, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain 1
Local Differences in Circulation:
What Have We Learnt from Patterns
of FMD Persistence and Spread?
Nick J. Knowles
Molecular Characterisation & Diagnostics Group
Pool 7
O, A
Pool 5 O, A, SAT 1, 2
Pool 6 SAT 1, 2, 3
Pool 4 A, O, SAT 1, 2, 3
Pool 2 O, A, Asia 1
Pool 1 O, A, Asia 1
Pool 3 O, A, Asia 1
Endemic
Free with vaccination
Intermediate, sporadic
Countries with multiple zones:
FMD-free, free with vaccination or not free
Free. Virus present in game parks
Free Pool positions are approximate and colours indicate that there are three principal pools, two of which can be subdivided into overlapping areas
Virus Pools
Topotypes/lineages
present:
O/CATHAY
O/ME-SA/PanAsia
O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2
O/SEA/Mya-98
A/ASIA/Sea-97
Asia1/ASIA/Ind-76
Asia1/ASIA/Sea
East Asia – Pool 1 500 km
300 mi
© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
O, A
O, Asia 1
O/CATHAY
O/CATHAY O, A, Asia 1
O, A
O, A, Asia 1
O, A, Asia 1
O, A
O, Asia 1 O, Asia 1
1997
O
Asia 1
O, A, Asia 1
Pool 1 – FMDV type A
1000 km
600 mi
© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
7
A/VIT/2/2009 (HQ116378) A/VIT/8/2009 (HQ116384)
A/HuBWH/CHA/2009 (JF792355) A/VIT/4/2008 (HQ116372) A/VIT/5/2008 (HQ116373) A/TAI/18/2008 (HQ116346)
A/TAI/5/2009 (HQ116348) A/TAI/17/2008 (HQ116345)
A/TAI/10/2009 (HQ116353) A/VIT/8/2008 (HQ116376)
A/VIT/6/2008 (HQ116374) A/VIT/3/2009 (HQ116379)
A/MAY/9/2009 (HQ116306) A/VIT/1/2009 (HQ116377) A/VIT/2/2008 (HQ116370)
A/MAY/2/2009 (HQ116305) A/LAO/4/2008 (HQ116295) A/TAI/16/2008 (HQ116344) A/TAI/19/2008 (HQ116347)
A/TAI/15/2008 (HQ116343) A/TAI/6/2009 (HQ116349)
A/SKR/2/2010 (JQ070331) A/Pochun/KOR/2010* (GU441855)
A/VIT/3/2008 (HQ116371) A/VIT/5/2009 (HQ116381)
A/VIT/6/2009 (HQ116382) A/VIT/7/2008 (HQ116375)
A/TAI/13/2008 (HQ116341) A/TAI/14/2009 (HQ116354)
A/TAI/4/2008 (HQ116336) A/TAI/8/2009 (HQ116351) A/TAI/7/2009 (HQ116350)
A/VIT/1/2010 (JQ070332) A/TAI/8/2008 (HQ116337)
A/TAI/2/2006 (HQ116325) A/MAY/1/2008 (HQ116303)
A/MAY/3/2007 (HQ116302) A/TAI/11/2007 (HQ116335)
A/CAM/1/2006 (HQ116292) A/CAM/2/2008 (HQ116294)
A/LAO/7/2006 (EU667458) A/LAO/1/2006 (2003)(EU667456)
A/TAI/1/2006 (HQ116324) A/MAY/1/2007 (HQ116301)
A/TAI/3/2007 (HQ116334) A/TAI/118/87* (EF208777)
A/TAI/2/97 (EF208778)
100 99
99
85
99
92
99
0.01
ASIA / Sea-97
Pool 1 FMDV type O
1000 km
600 mi
© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
152
6
3
2
3
135
2
2
‡ †
292
O/MOG/3/2010 (JQ070310) O/MOG/4/2010 (JQ070311) O/MOG/56/2010* (JQ070326) O/MOG/1/2010 (JQ070308) O/MOG/2/2010 (JQ070309)
O/RUS/Aug 2010‡ (JQ070330) O/MOG/CO3/2010* (JQ070325)
O/MOG/5/2010 (JQ070312) O/MOG/7/2010 (JQ070314) O/MOG/77/2010* (JQ070328) O/MOG/6/2010 (JQ070313)
O/MOG/9/2010 (JQ070315) O/MOG/66/2010* (JQ070327)
O/TAI/12/2009 (HQ116260) O/TAI/13/2009 (HQ116261) O/MAY/20/2009 (HQ116218) O/TAI/19/2009 (HQ116266) O/TAI/23/2009 (HQ116270)
O/VIT/2/2010 (JQ070322) O/LAO/1/2009 (HQ116182) O/TAI/3/2009 (HQ116258)
O/MAY/8/2009 (HQ116216) O/TAI/18/2009 (HQ116265)
O/MYA/2/2008 (HQ116226) O/TAI/4/2009 (HQ116259)
O/TAI/5/2008 (HQ116252) O/TAI/2/2008 (HQ116250)
O/TAI/6/2008 (HQ116253) O/TAI/2/2009 (HQ116257)
O/LAO/2/2008 (HQ116180) O/MAY/5/2009 (HQ116213)
O/LAO/1/2007 (HQ116175) O/MYA/3/2008 (HQ116227)
O/MYA/12/2009 (JQ070318) O/TAI/20/2009 (HQ116267)
O/VIT/5/2010 (JQ070323) O/MYA/2/2006 (HQ116225) O/MYA/3/2009 (JQ070317)
O/MYA/1/2006 (JQ070316) O/HLJOC12/03 (China) (DQ119643) O/MOG/2004 (JQ070324)
O/MYA/3/2010 (JQ070319) O/MYA/11/2009 (HQ116232)
O/MYA/5/2009 (HQ116228) O/TAI/22/2009 (HQ116269)
O/HKN/1/2010 (JQ070301) O/HKN/6/2010 (JQ070302)
O/HKN/19/2010 (JQ070305) O/NC/CHA/2010 (HQ652080)
O/MY/CHA/2010 (HQ652079) O/GZ/CHA/2010 (JN998086)
O/SKR/4/2010 (JQ070320) O/VN/YB08/2010 (HQ260718)
O/HKN/7/2010 (JQ070303) O/HKN/9/2010 (JQ070304)
O/HKN/1/2011 (JQ070306) O/HKN/2/2011 (JQ070307) O/DY/CHA/2010 (HQ652078)
O/CHA/31/2010* (JF792356) O/BY/CHA/2010 (JN998085)
O/TZ/CHA/2010 (HQ652081) O/JPN/MZ1/2010 (AB618503) O/RUS/Jul 2010† (JQ070329)
O/SKR/5/2010 (JQ070321) O/TAI/189/87*
100
96
99
72
72
98
98
86
97
81
100
99
86
99
99
70
87
0.01
SEA / Mya-98 Topotypes/lineages
present:
O (ME-SA/PanAsia)
O (ME-SA/PanAsia-2)
O (ME-SA/Ind-2001d)
A (ASIA/unnamed)
Asia 1 (ASIA/unnamed)
Southern Asia – Pool 2
1000 km
600 mi
© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
O, A, Asia 1
O O
O
O
Appendix 35
Open Session of the EuFMD: 2012, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain 2
Pool 2
O/BAN/25/2009 (HQ630686)
O/BAN/27/2009 (HQ630688)
O/BAN/26/2009 (HQ630687)
O/BHU/2/2009
O/NEP/5/2010
O/BHU/3/2009
O/BHU/16/2009
O/NEP/3/2010
O/BHU/19/2009
O/NEP/1/2010
O/BHU/8/2009
O/BHU/9/2009
O/BHU/10/2009
O/BAN/11/2009 (HQ630682)
O/BHU/6/2009
O/BHU/18/2009
O/NEP/17/2010
O/BAN/23/2009 (HQ630684)
O/APR190901/IND/2009 (JX070611)
O/APR190902/IND/2009 (JX070612)
O/BHU/5/2009
O/NEP/15/2010
O/NEP/16/2010
O/BHU/4/2009
O/NEP/6/2010
O/BHU/7/2009
O/KAM0110/IND/2010 (JX070616)
O/KAM0210/IND/2010 (JX070617)
O/IRN/72/2009
O/BAN/2/2009 (HQ630677)
O/BAN/9/2009 (HQ630681)
O/BHU/41/2009
O/BHU/37/2009
O/BHU/40/2009
O/NEP/11/2010
O/BHU/25/2009
O/BHU/26/2009
O/BHU/20/2009
O/BHU/23/2009
O/ORKo0810/IND/2010 (JX070621)
O/NEP/9/2010
O/UPMe1009/IND/2009 (JX070610)
O/KEKm2709/IND/2009 (JX070614)
O/KAM0410/IND/2010 (JX070618)
O/KEKm0610/IND/2010 (JX070619)
O/NEP/12/2010
O/BAN/28/2009 (HQ630689)
O/BAN/29/2009 (HQ630690)
O/BAN/30/2009 (HQ630691)
O/BAN/31/2009 (HQ630692)
O/NEP/7/2010
O/BAN/1/2009 (HQ630676)
O/KEPt0710/IND/2010 (JX070620)
O/CHRn0509/IND/2009 (JX070609)
O/PUJ0112/IND/2012 (JX070624)
O/NEP/5/2008 (HQ630693)
O/NEP/7/2008
O/NEP/2/2009 (HQ630694)
O/NEP/3/2009
O/TNNa1211/IND/2011 (JX070623)
O/GUK2609/IND/2009 (JX070613)
O/GUK2909/IND/2009 (JX070615)
d
c O/UAE/4/2008
a O/KUW/3/97 (DQ164904)
b O/OMN/7/2001 (DQ164941)
Ind-2001
Iran-2001 O/IRN/61/2001 (DQ164896)
PanAsia-2
O/IND/77/00* (PD-FMD)
O/APMb2205/IND/2005 (JX070604)
O/APG10205/IND/2005 (JX070606)
O/MAP0711/IND/2011 (JX070622)
O/POP14402/IND/2002 (JX070594)
O/RAB0503/IND/2003 (JX070595)
O/WBN13102/IND/2002 (JX070591)
O/ORC2103/IND/2003 (JX070597)
O/TUR/2/2001 (DQ164985)
O/TUR/586/06/01* (DQ296517)
O/IRN/67/2001 (DQ164897)
O/Tibet/CHA/2/99
O/UKG/35/2001 (AJ539141)
O/YEM/6/98
O/SAU/36/98
O/SAU/38/98 (AJ318852)
PanAsia
Pak-98 O/PAK/16/2003 (DQ165068)
O/IND/53/79 (AF292107)
ME-SA
O/IND/R2/75* (AF204276)
O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AY593823)ME-SA
SEA
EA-3
EA-1
WA
EA-4
EA-2
CATHAY
ISA-1
ISA-2
EURO-SA
99
99
99
99
99
99
73
78
91
99
99
94
92
95
97
71
85
87
99
72
70
90
99
76
91
85
99
99
9899
70
80
98
99
73
83
84
74
94
88
78
70
0.02
India 2009-2012
Bangladesh 2009
Bhutan 2009
Nepal 2008, 2010
Iran 2009 (x1)
Ind
-2001d
Pan
Asia
India 2011
TN 2007
SRL 2011 PanAsia-2
Serotype: O
Topotype: ME-SA
SRL 1999-2010 unnamed lineage possibly
from Southeast Asia
? Southeast Asia
Bhutan
Bangladesh India
Sri Lanka
Iran
Pool 2
A/IND/128/08* (FJ617246)
A/IND/128/2008* (HQ127712)
A/IND/123/2008* (HQ127710)
A/IND/124/08* (FJ617244)
A/IND/124/2008* (HQ127711)
A/IND/437/2008* (HQ127714)
A/IND/437/2008* (HQ832591)
A/IND/438/2008* (HQ127715)
A/IND/407/2007* (HQ127706)
A/IND/226/2010* (HQ666873)
A/IND/413/2007* (HQ127707)
A/IND/417/2007* (HQ127708)
A/IND/245/2007* (HQ127704)
A/IND/360/07* (FJ617243)
A/IND/360/2007* (HQ127705)
A/IND/245/2007* (HQ832590)
A/IND/11/2009* (2008) (HQ127717)
A/IND/13/2009* (2008) (HQ127718)
A/IND/9/2009* (2008) (HQ127716)
A/IND/17/2009* (2008) (HQ127719)
A/IND/17/2009* (HQ832592)
A/IND/447/2005* (HQ127685)
A/IND/447/2005* (HQ832583)
A/IND/152/06* (FJ617247)
A/IND/152/2006* (HQ127700)
A/IND/97/2006* (HQ127694)
A/IND/163/08* (FJ617242)
A/IND/163/2008* (HQ127713)
A/IND/16/2005* (HQ127681)
A/IND/PD/286/2010* (HQ127732)
A/IND/136/2010* (HQ666878)
A/IND/PD/283/2010* (HQ127731)
A/IND/PD/135/2010* (HQ127730)
A/IND/63/2010* (HQ666887)
A/IND/PD/132/2010* (HQ127729)
A/IND/61/2010* (HQ666881)
A/IND/1/2010* (HQ127726)
A/IND/1/2010* (HQ666886)
A/IND/898/2009* (HQ127725)
A/IND/749/2009* (HQ127724)
A/IND/PD/98/2010* (HQ127728)
A/IND/46/2010* (HQ666879)
A/IND/PD/94/2010* (HQ127727)
A/IND/45/2010* (HQ666880)
A/IND/53/08* (FJ617241)
A/IND/53/2008* (HQ127709)
A/IND/88/2006* (HQ832588)
A/IND/109/2006* (2005) (HQ127699)
A/IND/109/2006* (HQ832589)
A/APS/58/05* (IND)(EU109790)
A/APS/66/05* (IND)(EU109788)
A/APS/59/05* (IND)(EU109789)
A/APS/44/05* (EF120402)
A/APS/68/05* (EF120403)
A/IND/174/2005* (HQ127684)
A/IND/99/2006* (HQ127695)
A/IND/100/2006* (HQ127696)
A/IND/101/2006* (HQ127697)
A/APR/51/05* (EF120400)
A/APS/50/05/1* (IND)(EU109791)
A/APS/45/05* (IND)(EU109792)
A/IND/59/2006* (HQ127693)
A/IND/26/2006* (HQ127688)
A/IND/27/2006* (HQ127689)
A/IND/26/2006* (HQ832585)
A/IND/28/2006* (HQ127690)
A/IND/106/2006* (HQ127698)
A/IND/43/2006* (HQ127691)
A/IND/43/2006* (HQ832586)
A/IND/152/2005* (HQ127683)
A/IND/23/2006* (2005) (HQ127687)
A/IND/22/2006* (2005) (HQ127686)
A/IND/22/2006* (HQ832584)
A/IND/100/2005* (HQ127682)
A/IND/50/2006* (2005) (HQ127692)
A/IND/50/2006* (HQ832587)
A/IND/195/2007* (HQ127702)
A/IND/196/2007* (HQ127703)
A/IND/49/2007* (HQ127701)
A/IND/197/2010* (HQ666875)
A/IND/202/2010* (HQ666874)
A/IND/192/2010* (HQ666877)
A/IND/196/2010* (HQ666876)
A/IND/332/2009* (HQ127720)
A/IND/332/2009* (HQ666884)
A/IND/333/2009* (HQ666885)
A/IND/333/2009* (HQ127721)
A/IND/744/2009* (HQ127722)
A/IND/744/2009* (HQ666883)
A/IND/747/2009* (HQ127723)
A/IND/747/2009* (HQ666882)
India 2005-2010
Iran-96
A22 A22/IRQ/64 (AY593763)
Iran-99 A/IRN/22/99 (EF208772)
Sea-97
Thai-87
Iran-87
Iran-05
A15/Bangkok/TAI/60 (AY593755)
ASIA
A23/Kitale/KEN/64 (AY593766)
A11/GER/29 (AGB)(EU553852)
EURO-SA
AFRICA
99
99
99
97
98
99
99
90
99
99
99
99
72
71
99
99
89
97
99
86
99
99
85
80
99
94
98
99
99
99
99
96
94
99
82
99
76
75
89
86
89
99
99
95
98
87
97
70
99
89
93
97
99
86
98
0.02
Serotype: A
Topotype: ASIA
Bhutan
Bangladesh India
Sri Lanka
Iran
2010 Myanmar
Type A has never been
recorded in Sri Lanka
2000
1978
2003 1997
India 2005-2010
Pool 2
Asia1/IND/396/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/397/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/387/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/438/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/388/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/423/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/389/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/139/02* (DQ101242)
Asia1/IND/342/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/335/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/175/2004* (DQ101237)
Asia1/IND/354/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/373/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/60/02* (DQ101243)
Asia1/IND/61/02* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/180/02* (2001) (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/141/02* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/198/02* (DQ101244)
Asia1/IND/328/2004* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/388/2004* (DQ101235)
Asia1/IND/389/2004* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/140/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/148/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/149/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/160/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/114/2004* (2003)(DQ101239)
Asia1/IND/147/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/168/2004* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/153/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/150/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/165/2004* (DQ101238)
Asia1/IND/158/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/156/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/322/2004* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/268/2004* (DQ101236)
Asia1/IND/325/2004* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/327/2004* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/152/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/673/2003* (DQ101241)
Asia1/IND/762/2003* (DQ101240)
Asia1/IND/763/2003* (PD-FMD)
Group III
Asia1/IND 95/08* (HQ224558)
Asia1/IND 137/08* (HQ224561)
Asia1/IND 96/08* (HQ224559)
Asia1/IND 93/08* (HQ224557)
Asia1/IND 97/08* (HQ224560)
Asia1/IND 121/07* (HQ224554)
Asia1/IND 227/07* (HQ224555)
Asia1/IND 32/08* (HQ224556)
Asia1/IND 12/07* (HQ224553)
Asia1/IND/155/2010* (JN247565)
Asia1/IND/509/2010* (JN247566)
Asia1/BAR/8/2009
Asia1/IND/18/2011* (JN247567)
Asia1/IND/107/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/321/01* (AY687333)
Asia1/IND/14/95* (AF390678)
Asia1/IRN/10/2004 (DQ121119)
Asia1/IND/367/00* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/387/00* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/248/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/383/00* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/384/00* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/379/00* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/378/00* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/374/00* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/377/00* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/51/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/IND/52/01* (PD-FMD)
Asia1/Shamir/ISR/89
Asia1/IND/8/79 (EU553910)
Asia1/IND/4/2004* (2003)(PD-FMD)
Asia1/WBN/117/85 (EU553911)
Asia1/HKN/19/74
Group I Asia1/AFG/1/2001 (DQ121109)
Asia1/PAK/8/2008
Asia1/PAK/26/2009
Asia1/IRN/1/2012
Asia1/TUR/1/2012
Asia1/TUR/49/2011
Asia1/AFG/39/2011
Asia1/PAK/1/2012
Asia1/PAK/106/2010
Asia1/BAR/1/2011
Asia1/IRN/33/2011
Asia1/PAK/6/2011
Sindh-08
Asia1/IND/2/71 (1964)
Asia1/IND/63/72* (AY304994)
Asia1/YNBS/CHA/58 (AY390432)
Asia1/PAK/1/54 (AY593795)
Asia1/IND/16/76
Asia1/IND/18/80 (DQ121116)
Asia1/IND/15/81 (DQ121117)
Group V
98
99
100
100
100
98
100
99
100
100
76
100
73
100
71
99
74
82
80
99
100
96
100
99
73
100
82
93
0.02
Serotype: Asia 1
Topotype: ASIA
Bhutan
Bangladesh India
Sri Lanka
Iran
Type Asia 1 has never been
recorded in Sri Lanka
1996
2002 1997
Topotypes/lineages
present:
O (ME-SA/PanAsia)
O (ME-SA/PanAsia-2)
O (ME-SA/Ind-2001)
A (ASIA/Iran-05)
Asia 1 (ASIA/Sindh-08)
Middle East – Pool 3
1000 km
600 mi
© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
O, A Asia 1
O, A, Asia 1
O, A
A O, A
Asia 1 O, A,
Asia 1
O, A
O, A, Asia 1
O
O, A
O, A, Asia 1
O, A, Asia 1
Pool 3 – O, A & Asia 1
Iran
Lebanon Syria
Saudi Arabia
Yemen
Bahrain
Kazakhstan
Turkey
Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait
UAE
Qatar
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Georgia
Azerbaijan Armenia
A-Iran-05
O-PanAsia-2
Asia1-Sindh-08
O/PanAsia
O-PanAsia-2
A-Iran-05HER-10
Asia 1
1973-1974
1983-1984
1999-2000
2011-2012
Sub-lineages of O PanAsia-2
TER-08 (O/Erzincan/257/2008) YAZ-09 (O/IRN/7/2009)
FAR-09 (O/Agri/71/2010)
SAN-09 (O/Sanliurfa/264/2009) BAL-09 (O/IRN/18/2010)
ANT-10 (O/Gaziantep/153/2010)
PUN-10 (O/PAK/16/2010)
FAR-09
BAL-09 PUN-10
O/IRN/8/2005
SAN-09
ANT-10
YAZ-09
PanAsia-2
PanAsia O/UKG/35/2001 (AJ539141) O/SRL/1/2009
O/BAN/3/2009 O/BAN/4/2009 O/BAN/5/2009
O/BAN/24/2009 O/NEP/10/2009 O/BAN/20/2009 O/NEP/6/2009
O/NEP/15/2009 O/NEP/14/2009 O/NEP/11/2009 O/NEP/13/2009
Iran-2001 O/IRN/61/2001 (DQ164896)
Ind-2001
Pak-98 O/PAK/16/2003 (DQ165068) O/IND/53/79 (AF292107)
O/IND/R2/75* (AF204276) O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AY593823)
ME-SA
EURO-SA
100
99
73
100
87
100
100
87
98
92
87
100
0.02
PanAsia-2
Appendix 35
Open Session of the EuFMD: 2012, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain 3
Tehran
Qom
Markazi
Qazvin
Zanjan
East
Azerbaijan
Kordestan
Hamedan
Kermanshah
Lorestan
Khuzestan
Chaharmahal
and Bakhtiari
Kohgiluyeh and
Boyer-Ahmad
Fars
Hormozgan
Sistan and
Baluchistan
Kerman
Yazd
Esfahan
Semnan
Mazandaran
North
Khorasan
Razavi
Khorasan
South
Khorasan
200 km
100 mi
© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
79
81 83
80
88
87
86
89
85
84
52 51
65 66
68
72
75 76
56
57
49
54
61
60 62 64 70
71
31
34 35 38
40
41
42
43
PanAsia-2YAZ-09
PanAsia-2FAR-09
PanAsia-2ANT-10
PanAsia-2BAL-09
PanAsia-2SAN-09
Ind-2001
14
7
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
Numbers represent WRLFMD Ref. Nos. (e.g. 88 = O/IRN/88/2009)
N.J. Knowles, 25 May 2010
(updated 09 August 2010)
FMDV O PanAsia-2 sub-lineages - 2009
Tehran
Qom
Markazi
Qazvin
Zanjan
East
Azerbaijan
Kordestan
Hamedan
Kermanshah
Lorestan
Khuzestan
Chaharmahal
and Bakhtiari
Kohgiluyeh and
Boyer-Ahmad
Fars
Hormozgan
Sistan and
Baluchistan
Kerman
Yazd
Esfahan
Semnan
Mazandaran
North
Khorasan
Razavi
Khorasan
South
Khorasan
200 km
100 mi
© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
FMDV O PanAsia-2 sub-lineages - 2010
59
62
61 64 60
65
66
67
68
69
71
78 79
81
85
172 173
Location unknown
160 161 162 170
75
76
82
83
86
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100 101
102
104 105
106
109
113
114 115
120
124
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
146
147
148 149
150 154 155
156
157
158
>15% animals affected (2010)
Mortalities observed (2010)
PanAsia-2YAZ-09
PanAsia-2FAR-09
PanAsia-2ANT-10
PanAsia-2BAL-09
PanAsia-2SAN-09
PanAsia-2PUN-10
17
23 24
27 29 30
31 52 55
28 34 40
3 4
8 10
35 44 51
54
18 19 20
1
33 41
2 11 12
37 38
39 43
Afghanistan
Pakistan
22 13 14
15
United Arab Emirates
26
5
47
48 49 50
Turkey
0
In Africa there are currently three FMD virus pools loosely defined as covering East Africa (Pool 4), West Africa (Pool 5) and Southern Africa (Pool 6). There is some overlap between Pools 4 and 5. It has been suggested to extend pool 4 southwards to include Tanzania and to contract Pool 6 to exclude that country. Thus Pool 6 contains only the SAT serotypes.
• In the countries of the Maghreb (except for Mauritania) FMD is
normally absent, however, periodic incursions occur either from the Middle East (Pool 3), West Africa (Pool 5) or more recently from Pool 4.
• There is little or no information on FMD in Chad, the Central African Republic, Equitorial Guinea and Gabon.
Virus Pools – Africa Pool 4 – East Africa (O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3)
Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda,
Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda (with periodic spill-over into Egypt, Libya, northern Malawi, northern Zambia and the Yemen Arab Republic).
Topotypes/lineages present:
O (EA-1, EA-2, EA-3, EA-4)
A (AFRICA/G-I, G-IV, G-VII)
SAT 1 (I, IV, VI, VII, VIII, IX)
SAT 2 (IV, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII, XIII, XIV)
SAT 3 (V)
SAT 1 topotype I is thought to have spread from southern Africa into Tanzania and
Kenya (the only countries in East Africa where this topotype has been recorded) during the early 1970’s.
East Africa – Pool 4
1000 km
600 mi
© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
O, A, SAT 1,
SAT 2
O, A
SAT 2
O, A, SAT 1,
SAT 2
DRC
Tanzania
Kenya
O, A,
SAT 1,
SAT 2
O, A, SAT 2
O, A, SAT 2
O
O, A O
O, SAT 2 SAT 2
Chad
Central
Afr. Rep.
Sudan
South
Sudan
Uganda
Eritrea
Ethiopia
O, A, SAT 1,
SAT 2
Congo Gabon
Equatorial
Guinea
East Africa – Pool 4
EA-3 EA-3
EA-3
EA-2
EA-2
EA-2
EA-4
EA-2
EA-4
EA-3
Type O Type A
Type SAT 1 Type SAT 2
EA-1 EA-4
G-IV
G-VII
G-IV
G-VII
G-I
G-I
G-I G-I
G-I EA-2
I
I IV
VI
IX XIII
VII VII XIII
IV IX
IV
VIII IV
VII
X IV
Uganda
Type SAT 3
V
Pool 5 – West Africa (O, A, SAT 2)
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo (with periodic spill-over into Sudan).
Although FMDV type SAT 1 has occurred in West Africa, the serotype has not been isolated from the region for 30 years [what about serology?].
Topotypes/lineages present:
O (WA)
A (AFRICA/G-VI)
SAT 1 (V, VI)
SAT 2 (V, VI, VII)
West Africa – Pool 5
1000 km
600 mi
© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
A O, A
O, SAT 2
O, A, SAT 2
O, SAT 2
O, A
O, A, SAT 2
Chad
Central
Afr. Rep.
A/G-IV: various
Congo Gabon
Equatorial
Guinea
Appendix 35
Open Session of the EuFMD: 2012, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain 4
West Africa – Pool 5
Type O Type A
Type SAT 2
EA-3 WA WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA
WA G-IV
WA
WA
G-VI
G-IV
G-VI
G-VI
G-VI
G-VI
G-VI
G-IV G-IV
G-VI
VII
VII
VII
VII
Pool 6 – Southern Africa
(SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3)
Angola, Botswana, Lesotho,
Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia,
South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Topotypes/Lineages present:
SAT 1 (I, II, III)
SAT 2 (I, II, III, XI)
SAT 3 (I, II, III, IV)
Southern Africa – Pool 6
1000 km
600 mi
© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
Pool 6
Lesotho
Swaziland
Mozambique
Malawi Zambia
Zimbabwe
Botswana
South Africa
Namibia
Angola
FMD hotspots
Pool 6
Lesotho
Swaziland
Mozambique
Malawi Zambia
Zimbabwe
Botswana
South Africa
Namibia
Angola
FMD hotspots
Pool 6
I
II
III II
I
I
II
III
II
III
I
III IV
I
II
III
I III
II I I
I III
IV
III II
III II III
IV
I
Topotypes/lineages present:
O/EURO-SA
A/EURO-SA
C/EURO-SA (not since 2004)
South America – Pool 7
1000 km
© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
600 mi
O, A
O, A
O, A, C
O, A O, A
O, A
O, A
O, A
O, A
Appendix 35
Open Session of the EuFMD: 2012, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain 5
• What are the precise mechanisms which result in the generation and
expansion of new FMDV variants in Western Asia?
• Are West African buffalo persistently infected with FMDV and if so
with which serotypes?
• Does SAT 1 occur in West Africa (not recorded in that region since
1981)?
• Which FMD viruses occur in Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and
the Central African Republic?
• What role do African buffalo play in the maintenance of FMD in East
African cattle?
Questions (1)
• Is FMDV SAT 3 widespread in buffalo herds outside of Southern
Africa as serology suggests?
• Why do we see relatively few African-Asian virus transfers?
• No Asia 1 in Africa and few SAT outbreaks in Asia – why?
• Regular transfer of type O viruses from the Horn of Africa to Yemen,
but not other serotypes – why?
• Are there any reservoirs of FMDV type C (which has not caused an
outbreak since 2004)?
Questions (2)
Acknowledgements
The Pirbright campus is being redeveloped
Jemma Wadsworth
Begoña Valdazo-González
Antonello Di Nardo
Valerie Mioulet
Claudia Doel
Miki Madi
Don King
Jef Hammond
David Paton
Nigel Ferris (retired)
Geoff Hutchings (retired)
Keith Sumption
Botswana Vaccine Institute
Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute
Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute
…and many others…
World
Organisation
for Animal
Health
SE 2939