POPA 2014Observations by

CFI’s

5 Common Problems And How To Correct Them

(or How to Make Your Life Easier)

Introduction

Howard Cox

Joined Simcom in February 2000

Entered the Pilatus PC12 Program in 2001(Trained by Robert Brooks, Tom Evans, Ken Otto, and Ted Otto)

Commercial SEL

ATP MEL

CFI Instrument, MEL, SEL

Type Ratings

CE500

CE525S

EA500S

CE650(SIC)

5 Common problems

1. Flows/S.O.P.s

2. Basic Flying Skills

3. Instrument Procedures

4. Emergency and Abnormal Procedures and “Memory Items”

5. CRM/SRM

Flows/S.O.P.’s

Establish a flow pattern based on the check lists. All the lists lead you thru a logical sequence, basically;

1. Left side Panel

2. Instrument Panel, left to right

3. Right side Panel

4. Center Console, Top to Bottom

5. Overhead Panel

Use the Checklists to confirm flow items are complete

Doing the same procedure the same way every time helps insure consistency, reduces the possibility of omissions and reduces the time to complete the tasks.

Flows/S.O.P.’sDevelop standard procedures to follow for each phase of flight

Pre-start and Taxi

Cockpit organization

Put things where they belong.

Standard cockpit setup;

EFIS/PFD’s

Internal/External lighting

Navigation setup

Clearance

TakeoffTakeoff briefing

Flight director setup

GA

HDG

Airplane configuration (FAT/FLY)

FAT - Before entering R/W

FLY – Lineup Items

Runway and heading crosscheck

ClimbGEAR at ???

Flaps at ???

Lights

Initial power reduction

Auto pilot usage

Flows/S.O.P.’sDevelop standard procedures to follow for each phase of flight

Arrival/Descent

Gather up all frequencies for the arrival airport

Determine the arrival (if any) in use

Setup VNAV if capable

Determine type of approach to expect

ApproachApproach briefing including missed procedures

Build the approach

Initialize GPS/FMS

Load frequencies

Set course

At MDA or FAF set missed alt

Autopilot Disconnect at appropriate altitude

LandingRunway centerline alignment

Final checks

Gear

YD

AOA/DSB

Runway centerline alignment

After touchdown

Condition lever

Beta/reverse

Brakes as required

Basic Flying SkillsSetting personal standards

Runway/Taxiway alignment

Target Airspeeds plus or minus nn kts

Target Heading/Course plus or minus nn degrees

Target Altitudes plus or minus nnn feet

Getting behind the airplane

Basic Flying SkillsFlight profiles

VFR descent and landing (Traffic Pattern)

Power settings

Flap settings

Flight Director

Disengage or

Release ALT, and use the heading bug

Basic Flying SkillsPractice, Practice, Practice!

Steep Turns

Stabilized Climbing/Descending turns

360 degree standard rate at 500FPM (2 minutes)

Partial Panel (Standby Attitude Indicator, Whiskey Compass)

Speed Changes

Slow Flight

Shaker/Pusher (Stall recovery)

Unusual Attitude Recover

Instrument proceduresInstrument Scan

Interpreting what the instruments are telling you

Relationship of one instrument to another

Primary

Secondary

Avoid Fixating on one instrument

Avoid Chasing the instruments

Instrument proceduresWhat’s next?

(Staying ahead of the Airplane)

Altitude

Crossing

Speed

Frequency

Navigation source

Heading/course

Instrument proceduresPreparation

Brief the PlatesDeparture, Arrival, Approach

Cockpit OrganizationSetup Procedure

NPATerminal Area/PT outbound

Power 15,Speed 150 approx,

Base or PT inboundFlaps Approach

FAFTime,Gear Down, Lights on,PWR Reduce 8-10,Descend

MDAPWR 20-22,Speed 120 approx,

VDP Land or,Execute Missed

PA

Terminal AreaPower 15,Speed 150 approx,Base Leg or 3 Miles to FAFFlaps ApproachCleared for ApproachArm APRSet missed ALTGS AliveGear down (1/2 Dot)Lights onFAF/GS InterceptPower 8-10Speed 120 approx1000 Feet to MinimumsStableOn CourseOn SpeedOn SlopeBreakout/MinimumsFlaps*Land orExecute Missed

Maneuvering in Terminal Area/Vectors orProcedure Turn Outbound:• Power........................15 PSI (approx 150 KIAS)• Flaps..............................................................UP

Base Leg or Procedure Turn Inbound:• Flaps ................................( <

  163/165 KIAS) 15°

At FAF Inbound:• Landing Gear............................SELECT DOWN• Landing and Taxi Lights................................ON• Time..............................................IF REQUIRED• Power...................................................8-10 PSI• Begin Descent to MDA• AOA........................................................CHECK

At MDA:• Power...................20-22 PSI (approx 120 KIAS)

If Runway in Sight: • Execute Normal Landing If Runway Not in Sight at MAP:• Execute Missed Approach

1

2

3

4

All airspeeds on this profile are based on an aircraftweight of 9921 LBS/4500 KG

NOTE:

NOTE:

If the Pusher Ice Mode is active, maintain AOAawareness and observe the following MINIMUMairspeeds for the legacy/NG aircraft:• V R ........................................................(Flaps 15°) 88/95 KIAS• Climb.................................................(Flaps 0°) 130/ 140 KIAS• Landing Approach..........................(Flaps 15°) 108/ 110 KIAS• Landing Approach............................(Flaps 0°) 134/ 137 KIAS• Balked Landing (Go-Around)........(Flaps 15°) 108/ 110 KIAS• Balked Landing (Go-Around)..........(Flaps 0°) 134/ 137 KIAS

NON PRECISION APPROACH

DH:Runway in Sight:• Execute Normal Landing, Flaps as Required

• Execute Missed Approach

4

FAF:• Power.............................10 PSI at GS Intercept

)approx. 120 KIAS(• AOA........................................................CHECK

Base Leg or 3 Miles from FAF:• Flaps ( <

  163/165 KIAS)..................SELECT 15°

• Arm Approach Mode when Cleared and ° from Final Approach Course<90• Preselect Initial Missed Approach Altitude• Landing Gear

Dot Before GS)......................SELECT DOWN(1 • Landing and Taxi Lights................................ON

3

2

Maneuvering in Terminal Area/Vectors:• Power.......................15 PSI (approx. 150 KIAS)• Flaps..............................................................UP

1

All airspeeds on this profile are based on an aircraftweight of 9921 LBS/4500 KG

NOTE:

If the Pusher Ice Mode is active, maintain AOAawareness and observe the following MINIMUMairspeeds for the legacy/NG aircraft:• V R /........................................................(Flaps 15°) 8895 KIAS• Climb.................................................(Flaps 0°) 130/140 KIAS• Landing Approach..........................(Flaps 15°) 108/110 KIAS• Landing Approach............................(Flaps 0°) 134/137 KIAS• Balked Landing (Go-Around)........(Flaps 15°) 108/110 KIAS• Balked Landing (Go-Around)..........(Flaps 0°) 134/137 KIAS

NOTE:

PRECISION APPROACH

Emergency Abnormal “Memory Items”

Becoming familiar with procedures

Review immediate action items

How the checklists are organized and how to use them

Properly diagnosing the problem (pusher vs runaway trim, AGM vs Tube Failure)

Know the Systems

Make sure you use the correct checklist

Complete the checklist!

Use common sense

CRM/SRM(Crew Resource Management/Single-pilot Resource

Management)

CRM

Clear definitions of tasks

Clear terminology

Challenge response

Crew agreement

Use of Checklists

SRM

Cockpit Pre-organization

Use of Ground Crew

Use of ATC

Self Briefing

Use of Checklists

CRM

Develop standard procedures and terminology to help eliminate confusion and/or misunderstandings

Set clear guidance for each crew member’s duties

Use of Checklists, challenge and response

Power settings

Takeoff cross checks

Setting up procedures

CRM Example

Takeoff and ClimbPF “Runway Checks” PNF “Check”

PF advances power PNF “Power Set”

PNF “Airspeed alive”

PF “Check” PNF “60 knot crosscheck”

PF “Check” PNF “Vr”

PF Rotates PNF “Positive rate no more runway”

PF “Gear up” PNF Selects gear up

“Gear up and indicated”

Turns off lights

PF “YD” PNF Turns on YD

“Engaged”

PNF “100 knots”

PF “Flaps up” PNF Selects flaps up

“Flaps selected and indicated”

PF “Climb Check” PNF runs the climb checklist silently

PNF “Climb checks complete”

Etc

SRM

SRM is Basically CRM with an Empty Seat

The Single Pilot carries twice the load

Good Organization is the key

Have everything laid out in advance

Conduct the briefings as if there was another crew member.

Make the best use of available resources

Line personnel

ATC

Passengers

Automation