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POPs emissions inventory
POPs emissions workshop – Bern – 16th May 2012
National Inventory working group:
Chiara Arcarese (national registry), Antonella Bernetti (energy-road transport), Antonio Caputo (energy- fugitive), Rocío D. Cóndor (agriculture), Mario Contaldi (energy), Riccardo De Lauretis (energy, industrial processes), Eleonora Di Cristofaro (energy-navigation, solvent and other product use), Sandro Federici (national registry for forest carbon sinks), Andrea Gagna (industrial processes), Barbara Gonella (industrial processes, waste), Francesca Lena (energy), Riccardo Liburdi (national registry), Monica Pantaleoni (energy), Emanuele Peschi (solvent use), Daniela Romano (general coordination and editing, cross cutting issues), Ernesto Taurino (industrial processes, waste), Marina Vitullo (land use, land use change and forestry)
INEMAR: Alessandro Marongiu
Point sources
Content
Introduction to the Italian POPs inventory
HistoryNow (activity, pollutants,sources..)Next updates and critical issuesDevelopments and research
projects
Introduction to the Italian POPs inventory Emission factors manual PARCOM-ATMOS –
Emission factors for air pollutants 1992 Technical paper to the OSPARCOM – HELCOM –
UNECE emission inventory of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, 1995
Emission inventory of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants for 1990
BREFs and Guidebook EMEP/EEA, IIRs PRTR, research institutes, industry/operator
associations, local agenciesPOPs informal group
History
Assessment of old sources: OSPARCOM, PARCOM..
Comparison with more recent: GB EMEP/EEA and BREF
Research institutes and national industry/operator associations, local agencies
Look for IIRs
E-PRTRPlant/utility level
History 2001 starting estimates of POPs: PAH and dioxins 2007 inventory: PAH (26 SNAP sectors), PCDD/DF (16 SNAP sectors) 2008 inventory: PAH (26 SNAP sectors), PCDD/DF (16 SNAP sectors), HCB
(12 SNAP sectors), PCB (10 SNAP sectors) 2010 inventory: PAH 27 (+1), PCDD/DF 17 (+1), HCB 12, PCB 10 2012 inventory: PAH 28 (+1), PCDD/DF 17, HCB 8 (-5+1), PCB 10
NOW
PAH
PAHNFR code
Activity Emission factors Activity data Guidebook 2009
1A4
Small combustion: biomass
Tier2 EFs + combustion technologies=average EF in 2010 0.56g/GJ Source: EMEP/EEA 2009
27 PJ in 199089 PJ in 2010Source: BEN
=
2C1
Coke oven, sinter plant and blast furnace (5 sites)
1.3 g/Mg coke produced; 0.2 g/Mg sinter (combustion+process~ ARPA Puglia); 3.45 g/Mg pig ironSource: EMEP/CORINAIR 2007
Decreasing compared to 1990 Source: statistics yearbooks - Istat and plants communications
0.0406 g/Mg coal, 0.32 g/Mg sinter, 2.5 g/Mg pig iron
6Ce
Open burning of agricultural wastes
8.58 g/Mg as for woodSource: EMEP/Corinair 2007
2.5 Gg in 19903.5 Gg in 2010Model on ISTAT, Cestaat e IPCC data
100 g/Mg of agricultural waste Ramdahl 1983 (Vs Jenkins,1996 as for 4F)
2C1 EAF Probably, WRONG EMISSION FACTOR, NOT 16 g/Mg but 3.5-71 mg/Mg for 16 EPA
15 Tg in 199017 Tg in 2010 statistics yearbooks - Istat and Federacciai
BREF 2012: no consistent DB 9-970 mg/Mg
PCDD/DF
PCDD/DFNFR code
Activity Emission factors Activity data Guidebook 2009
2C1
EAF 4.45 µg I-Teq/Mg di acciaio. Source: ENEA/MAMB 2002
15 Tg in 199017 Tg in 2010 statistics yearbooks - Istat and Federacciai
0.8 µg I-Teq/Mg steel
1A2
Sinter production
1.807 µg I-Teq/Mg sinterSource: EPRTR – ARPA Puglia
13,5 Tg in 1990 9 Tg in 2010Source: Federacciai, since 2004 PRTR/ETS
1.8 µg I-Teq/Mg sinter (2C1)
Secondary aluminium
0.068 mg I-Teq/Mg Al.Source:ENEA/MAMB 2002
350 Gg Al in 1990600 Gg Al in 2010Source: ENIRISORSE and Assomet
35 µg I-Teq/Mg Al
1A4
Small combustion: biomass
0.478 µg I-Teq /GjSource: TNO 1997
27 PJ in 199089 PJ in 2010Source: BEN
Tier1 0.7 µg I-Teq /Gj
6Ce
Open burning of agricultural wastes
10 µg I-Teq/Mg wasteSource: EMEP/Corinair
2.5 Gg in 19903.5 Gg in 2010Model on ISTAT, Cestaat and IPCC data
10 µg I-Teq/Mg waste
PCDD/DF from sinter production
Stack sampling and analysis ARPA – CNR Reports and direct info about
technologies Frequent exchanges of information with
ARPA Annual meeting with the plant in the
framework of E-PRTR data for the annual update
HCB
HCB
NFR code
Activity Emission factors Activity data Guidebook 2009
6C
1A4
Waste incineration without/with energy recovery
500 mg/Mg sludge1 mg/Mg municipal wasteSource: EMEP/Corinair; Cohen et al., 1995
Sludge:~20 GgMunicipal: 1 Tg in 1990 and 4 Tg in 2010Source: ISPRA
2 mg/Mg wastevs new release: 4.7mg/Mg industrial and 0.0452 mg/Mg municipal
1A2
Sinter production
0.32 mg/Mg sinterSource: ARPA Puglia
13,5 Tg in 1990 9 Tg in 2010Source: Federacciai, since 2004 PRTR/ETS
0.032 mg/Mg sinterNo reference
1A3 Road transport HCB emissions from road transport have been deleted according to the EMEP/EEA Guidebook and to the information collected from the fuel producers
4G Use of pesticides
On the basis of the amount of HCB contained in pesticides (lindane: 0.01%; DCPA: 0.1%; clorotalonil: 0.005%; Picloram: 0.005%) and applying the HCB emission factor provided from the Guidebook EMEP/EEA, HCB emissions result in 23 kg for 1990 and 1 kg in 2010 for Italy
PCB
PCB
NFR code
Activity Emission factors
Activity data Guidebook 2009
2C1
BOF/EAF 3.6mg/Mg steelSource: EMEP/CORINAIR
~25,5 Tg steel 3.6 mg/Mg steel without abatement
1A1
Power plants 0.14 mg/Gj coal0.09 mg/Gj oil0.06 mg/GJ biomassSource: EMEP/Corinair
Coal Oil Biomass Source: BEN
Coal: 0.17 mg/GjOil: NE
1A4
Waste incineration with energy recovery
5 mg/Mg wasteSource: EMEP/CORINAIR
Municipal: 1 Tg in 1990 and 4 Tg in 2010Source: ISPRA
5.3 mg/Mg (6Cc)
Key categories summary
PAH1A4
biomass2C1 6Ce
PCDD/DF2C1 1A2
sinter
1A2Secondary aluminium
1A4 biomass
6Ce
HCB6C 1A4
waste1A2
PCB2C1 1A1 1A4
waste
Critical issues and next challengesPAH: n° of: 4 vs 6 vs 11 vs 16 vs all B(a)p toxicity equivalent Time series, Aluminium production, wood preservation
(BREF planned) and road paving with asphalt
PAH & dioxins: wood and uncontrolled combustion
HCB: use of pesticides, early ’90sPCB: national EFsOther POPs
Developments and research projects
Waiting for the results of the investigation about small combustion of biomass: PM and PAH
Incineration: update of EFs on the basis of different studies carried on by local agencies and national research institutes (such as Moniter project http://www.arpa.emr.it/moniter/)
Thanks for your attention
[email protected]@isprambiente.it
Head of the emissions inventory unit
Websites:
http://www.sinanet.isprambiente.it/it/emissioni
http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/site/it-IT/