Population Campaigns

APHG

4 Anti Natalist Countries

• China• India• Kenya• Brazil

• In 1952, India was the first country in the world to launch a mass media campaign to spread the concept of family planning in response to population growth. Most developing nations soon followed suit.

• While individual campaigns have had varying degrees of success, they have made a significant impact overall.

• According to a World Bank study, the average number of children per woman in the developing world declined by 2.5 children between 1960, when many of the campaigns began in earnest, and 1990, and it has continued to decline.

China

• China's Communist Party first implemented the "one child" rule—perhaps the best-known population policy in the world—in the 1979 amidst growing concerns over whether the famine-prone country could continue to feed its skyrocketing population.

China

• Urban couples can only have one child• Rural couples may have two or possibly more

children• Around 80% of the population lives in rural

areas

China

• Families that violate the rule where it is most strictly enforced face mandatory abortions and severe financial penalties

• Single-child couples throughout the country are entitled to better child care, preferential housing assignments, and cash bonuses.

In this undated poster, China advertises its one-child policy as a means to a "prosperous life."

China

China

Protest Art

Terracotta Daughters, represents the lost daughters of China

Video Clips

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-19677676

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-19662365

One Child Policy

Advantages• Prevented over 400 million

births• Better education and

healthcare• Parents spend more time

with one child

Disadvantages• Larger amount of men than

women (117 males born to 100 females)

• Men cannot find wives (24 million men estimated)

• Can be penalized or fired if you have more than one child

• Population is living longer creating more seniors to be taken care of

India

• India's population has more than doubled since its family-planning policy went into effect in the 1950s

• India's total fertility rate has declined by more than 40 percent since the 1960s, and today the average number of children per woman is around three.

India

• Hoping all the young adults entering the workforce will impact the economy

India• The country's most recent approach to

population issues focuses on the advancement of women economically, academically, and socially, as independent women are more likely to have small families.

• Indian public information campaigns are also working to counter favoritism for boys, a deeply ingrained tradition that drives couples to have more children.

India

Kenya• Kenya was the first country in sub-Saharan

Africa to view runaway population growth as a serious impediment to economic prosperity

• Kenya became the first, in the late 1960s, to begin developing a national family-planning campaign.

Kenya

• By all accounts, the country's approach has been successful.

• The average number of children per woman has dropped to around four from around eight in the 1980s

• Contraceptive use has grown from seven percent in 1978 to over 30 percent today.

• AIDS, which affects one in ten Kenyan adults, is a significant factor in both higher contraceptive use and the lower fertility rate.

Kenya

Kenya

Kenya

Brazil

• Combination of girl empowerment and soap operas has reversed the population trend.

Cabdrivers know passengers don't want to miss a moment of Brazil's nightly soap operas, or novelas. In the popular Ti-ti-ti,

Claudia Raia (on-screen) plays a strong-willed fashion designer

Pro Natalist Campaigns

• What does natalist mean? • What is anti and pro natalists?

Pro Natalist Campaign

• Facing zero population growth• Countries encourage population growth• Give incentives like tax breaks, stipends

(payments), free health care and/or free nanny service or daycare.

• Many European countries like France, Russia, UK, Italy, Scandinavia, etc.

• Asian countries like Japan, South Korea, Singapore

Singapore:http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/singapores-national-night-encourages-citizens-to-make-babies-15402105/?no-ist

• South Korea:Orders citizens to go home and lights off• Russia:September 12th is National Day of Conception, you can win prizes if you give birth on June 12th

• RomaniaHigher taxes if you have no babies• Do It For Denmark campaign• Next slides show Italy’s campaign posters.