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Population-Environmental Piggybacking:
Integrating an Environmental Module into Guatemala's
Demographic and Health Survey
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By: Liza Grandia, President ProPetén, Board of Directors
&Ph.D. Candidate
UC-Berkeley, Department of Anthropology
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All-weather dirt road
inaugurated in 1969
connecting Peten with Guatemala
City
Petén’s Population, 1714-present
-
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000Year
c
Petén has grown by around 10% annually since 1960. Roughly 2/3 of that growth has been
from in-migration and 1/3 from natural reproduction.
Source: Schwartz (1990) A Forest Society
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Between the 1960s and 1990s, more than half
Petén’s forests were lost.
View over Tikal
Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken
• Established in 1990 by the Guatemalan Congress• 16,000 km2, twice the size of Yellowstone• Largest protected area north of the Amazon• Sub-tropical forests, wetlands, and savannas• Heartland of the ancient Maya civilization and home to the ruins of Tikal• High level of biodiversity and an important habitat for migratory birds
Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR)
DosLagunasEl
MiradorRíoAzul
Tikal
Cerro Cahuí
Laguna delTigre
Laguna del
Tigre
Sierra delLacandón
ElZotz
Flores
P arques N aciona lesB io toposZona de U sos M últip lesZona de Am ortiguam iento
N
Maya Biosphere Reserve
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Settlements in the Maya Biosphere Reserve
Source: Grunberg, et al. CARE/CEMEC-CONAP
Population ProjectionsWorking-Age Men (15-19) in the
Maya Biosphere Reserve
From forestry to family planning?
Photo credit: Liza Grandia Photo credit: Liza Grandia
Conservation with Humanity
MissionGenerate innovative processes that facilitate the conservation of the natural and cultural heritage of Petén by fostering sustainable and equitable development based on community participation, relevant scientific research, strategic alliances and policy.
Thematic focusPopulation, health and environmentEnvironmental educationEconomic alternatives for sustainable developmentRelevant research and advocacy
www.propeten.org
Peten DHS Themes Migration Agriculture Land extension and tenure Conservation and environmental knowledge and opinions Pesticides Population perceptions Wage labor and nontimber forest products
Additional themes
Agrarian issues (inheritance and relation to family size) Land speculation and concentration Environmental opinions Environmental justice issues Traditional medicine Nutrition and agriculture, local foods
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Guatemala
• 1978: 6.8
• 1987: 5.6
• 1995: 5.1
• 1998: 5.0
• 2002: 4.4
Petén in 1998• Overall: 6.8
• Urban: 4.3
• Rural7.6(indigenous 8.6)
(mestizo 6.1)
Source: Demographic and Health Surveys, Guatemala
Petén in 2002• Overall: 5.8
Breakdown not
available
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The community health post in Paso Caballos, built after this village burned down the Conservation International biological station in Laguna del Tigre National Park.
Primary Health Care in Critical Conservation Areas
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Midwifery trainings
Hands-on midwifery training
Photo credit: ProPeten
Photo credit: Liza Grandia
Photo credit: ProPeten
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Medicinal Plants
Photo credit: ProPeten
Photo credit: Liza Grandia
Photo credit: ProPeten
Demographic Analysis
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From the 1998/99 Petˇn DHS
Indi-genous
Ladino
Total Fertility Rate 8.6 6.1 Ideal Family Size 4.4 3.7 Percentage of women who do n ot want more children
37.4% 42.0%
Percentage of women who would be ŅhappyÓ about another pregnancy
24.2% 14.3%
Percentage of women who would be ŅsadÓ about another pregnancy
59.8% 48.8%
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Map of Remedios Program Area
Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken
Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken
Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken
Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken
Photo Credit: Ericka Moerkerken