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POST-WAR QUEBEC
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POST-WAR QUEBEC
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Theme: Old versus New
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Theme: Old versus New
• La Survivance
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Theme: Old versus New
• La Survivance– Maurice Duplessis Premier, 1936-39, 1944-59
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Theme: Old versus New
• La Survivance
• Demographic, Economic, Cultural Change
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Theme: Old versus New
• La Survivance
• Demographic, Economic, Cultural Change
• Quiet Revolution
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Theme: Old versus New
• La Survivance
• Demographic, Economic, Cultural Change
• Quiet Revolution
• Ratrapage
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Conservative Quebec
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Conservative Quebec– Anti-Semitism
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Conservative Quebec– Anti-Semitism– The Padlock Act, 1936
POST-WAR QUEBEC
MAURICE DUPLESSIS
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Maurice Duplessis– La Survivance
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Maurice Duplessis– La Survivance– alliances with the Church and Anglo-business
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Maurice Duplessis– La Survivance– alliances with the Church and Anglo-business– The “Negro King”
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Maurice Duplessis– La Survivance– alliances with the Church and Anglo-business– The “Negro King”– Vendu
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Maurice Duplessis– La Survivance– alliances with the Church and Anglo-business– The “Negro King”– Vendu– provincial autonomy
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Change Coming
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Anti-Union Nationale forces
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Anti-Union Nationale forces– organized labour
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Anti-Union Nationale forces– organized labour– intellectuals
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Anti-Union Nationale forces– organized labour– intellectuals– some liberal clergy
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Anti-Union Nationale forces– organized labour– intellectuals– some liberal clergy– some in industry
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Anti-Union Nationale forces– organized labour– intellectuals– some liberal clergy– some in industry
• Asbestos Strike, 1949
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Critics of the Duplessis regime:– Pierre Trudeau: Cité Libre
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Critics of the Duplessis regime:– Pierre Trudeau: Cité Libre
– André Laurendeau: Le Devoir
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• A new nationalisme - of the left
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• A new nationalisme - of the left
• education
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• A new nationalisme - of the left
• education
• Faculty of Social Science - Laval University
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• A new nationalisme - of the left
• education
• Faculty of Social Science - Laval University
• Fr. Georges-Henri
Levesque, Dean
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Laval social science graduates– political technocrats
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Laval social science graduates– political technocrats– “The true makers of the Quiet Revolution”
Mason Wade: The French Canadians
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• The Decapitation Theory
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• The Decapitation Theory
• Université de Montréal– Guy Frégault– Maurice Segain– Michel Brunet
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• The Decapitation Theory
• Logical extrapolation?
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• The Decapitation Theory
• Logical extrapolation? Separatism
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Maurice Duplessis dead September 1959
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Maurice Duplessis dead September 1959
• new leader: Paul Sauvé
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Maurice Duplessis dead September 1959
• new leader: Paul Sauvé– dead January 1960
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Maurice Duplessis dead September 1959
• new leader: Paul Sauvé– dead January 1960
• new leader: Antonio Barrette
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Provincial election July 15, 1960
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Provincial election July 15, 1960
• Liberal leader: Jean Lesage
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Provincial election July 15, 1960
• results:• Liberals: 51 seats (51% of popular
vote)• Union Nationale: 43 seats (47% of popular vote)
POST-WAR QUEBEC
René Levesque, Minister ofPublic Works
POST-WAR QUEBEC
René Levesque, Minister ofPublic Works
• Paul Gerin-Lajoie, Minister of Education
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• The Quiet Revolution
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• The Quiet Revolution
• nationalization of hydro
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• The Quiet Revolution
• nationalization of hydro
• Feb. 12, 1962 René Levesque calls for the nationalization of hydro in Quebec
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• The Quiet Revolution
• nationalization of hydro
• Sept., 1962 Jean Lesage decides to adopt nationalization of hydro in Quebec as official government policy
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Provincial election, Nov. 1962
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Provincial election, Nov. 1962
• Union Nationale leader: Daniel Johnson
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Provincial election, Nov. 1962
• Union Nationale leader: Daniel Johnson
• Liberal government re-elected with 63 seats
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Provincial election, Nov. 1962
• Union Nationale leader: Daniel Johnson
• Liberal government re-elected with 63 seats
• Statism
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Provincial election, Nov. 1962
• Union Nationale leader: Daniel Johnson
• Liberal government re-elected with 63 seats
• Statism
• 1966 Union Nationale returned to power
• 1968 Daniel Johnson dead
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Provincial election, Nov. 1962
• Union Nationale leader: Daniel Johnson
• Liberal government re-elected with 63 seats
• Statism
• 1966 Union Nationale returned to power
• 1968 Daniel Johnson dead
• new premier: Jean-Jacques Bertrand
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• The New Nationalisme
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Pierre Trudeau
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Quebec autonomistes
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Quebec autonomistes– Union Nationale
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Quebec autonomistes– Union Nationale– Liberals Robert Bourassa, 1970
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Quebec autonomistes– Union Nationale– Liberals Robert Bourassa, 1970
– Parti Quebecois René Levesque, 1968
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Quebec autonomistes– Union Nationale– Liberals Robert Bourassa, 1970
– Parti Quebecois René Levesque, 1968
– Front de Libération du Québec
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Language policy
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Language policy
• demographics
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Language policy
• demographics– 1971: Quebec 80.7% Francophone
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Language policy
• demographics– 1971: Quebec 80.7% Francophone– 1961: 81.2% Francophone
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Language policy
• demographics– 1971: Quebec 80.7% Francophone– 1961: 81.2% Francophone– 1951: 82.5% Francophone
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Language policy
• demographics– 1971: Quebec 80.7% Francophone– 1961: 81.2% Francophone– 1951: 82.5% Francophone
– 1931: Quebec 79.6% Francophone
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Ste. Leonard, 1969
• Bill 63, 1969
POST-WAR QUEBEC
POST-WAR QUEBEC
Parti Québécois, 1968
POST-WAR QUEBEC
Robert Bourassa
POST-WAR QUEBEC
Robert BourassaElected Premier, 1970, 1973
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Bill 22, 1974
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Bill 22, 1974– withdrew freedom of choice in language of
education
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Bill 22, 1974– withdrew freedom of choice in language of
education– admission to English-language schools
conditional on mother tongue - or proficiency test
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Bill 22, 1974– withdrew freedom of choice in language of
education– admission to English-language schools
conditional on mother tongue - or proficiency test
– French the sole official language of the province
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Air traffic control controversy, 1976
POST-WAR QUEBEC
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Parti Québécois elected Nov. 1976
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Parti Québécois elected Nov. 1976
• Bill 101, 1977
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Referendum, May 1980
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Referendum, May 1980
Promise of constitutional
reform following NON vote
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Referendum, May 1980• Results: Oui 40.5%
Non 59.5%
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Referendum, May 1980• Results: Oui 40.5%
Non 59.5% (52% of Francophones)
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Constitutional Reform
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Constitutional Reform
– 1982: Patriation and The Charter
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Constitutional Reform
– 1982: Patriation and The Charter
– 1987-90: Meech Lake
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Constitutional Reform
– 1982: Patriation and The Charter
– 1987-90: Meech Lake
– 1992: Charlottetown Accord
POST-WAR QUEBEC
• Constitutional Reform
– 1982: Patriation and The Charter
– 1987-90: Meech Lake
– 1992: Charlottetown Accord
– 1995: Referendum Again
