Post – War YearsPost – War Years Northern business boomsNorthern business booms Transcontinental railroad in ’69Transcontinental railroad in ’69 Irish/German/British/Scandinavian immigrationIrish/German/British/Scandinavian immigration ““Sewards Folly” nets Alaska in ’67Sewards Folly” nets Alaska in ’67 Organized labor falters with vet-swelled labor poolOrganized labor falters with vet-swelled labor pool Republican Party becomes the party of big businessRepublican Party becomes the party of big business ““Redeemers” anxious to restore white powerRedeemers” anxious to restore white power Whites restored to power in most southern states by Whites restored to power in most southern states by

‘76‘76

1868 Presidential Election1868 Presidential Election

Republicans nominate Republicans nominate Grant unanimously on 1Grant unanimously on 1stst ballotballot

Grant doesn’t campaign Grant doesn’t campaign but “bloody shirt gets but “bloody shirt gets waved &…...waved &…...

Republicans promise Republicans promise continued Reconstructioncontinued Reconstruction

Claim Dems will “give up” Claim Dems will “give up” advances made in the advances made in the southsouth

““Let us have Peace” - Let us have Peace” - GrantGrant

Dems: Rich east wants Dems: Rich east wants war bonds redeemed in war bonds redeemed in gold / west wants gold / west wants greenbacks usedgreenbacks used

Democrats nominate Democrats nominate SeymourSeymour

1868 Presidential Election

Presidential Election 1868 States Presidential Election 1868 States CarriedCarried

1872 Presidential Election1872 Presidential Election

Grant re-nominatedGrant re-nominated Platform condemns Platform condemns

racial and religious racial and religious discrimination & discrimination & granting women more granting women more rightsrights

Supported by north / Supported by north / businessbusiness

Credit Mobilier – Union Credit Mobilier – Union Pac scandalPac scandal

Dems nominate Dems nominate Horace Greeley after Horace Greeley after Liberal Reps doLiberal Reps do

Campaigned against Campaigned against corruption and for an corruption and for an end to Radical end to Radical ReconstructionReconstruction

Supported by southern Supported by southern whiteswhites

1872 Presidential Election1872 Presidential Election

Post-1872 ElectionPost-1872 Election

Republicans sufficiently concerned to reduce Republicans sufficiently concerned to reduce tariffs and grant amnesty to former Confederatestariffs and grant amnesty to former Confederates

Some civil-service reformSome civil-service reform Economic panic in ’73 due to over-speculationEconomic panic in ’73 due to over-speculation Farmers and debtors call for more “greenbacks”Farmers and debtors call for more “greenbacks” Resumption Act of ’75 decreases Resumption Act of ’75 decreases

greenbacks…..Redemption day to gold in ’79greenbacks…..Redemption day to gold in ’79 House becomes Democratic in ’74 and ’78 & House becomes Democratic in ’74 and ’78 &

Greenback party is bornGreenback party is born

1876 election1876 election ““Whiskey ring” scandal plagues GrantWhiskey ring” scandal plagues Grant Depression follows Panic of ’73Depression follows Panic of ’73 South Carolina/Louis/Florida cling to Radical controlSouth Carolina/Louis/Florida cling to Radical control Dems: solid in south & northern citiesDems: solid in south & northern cities Reps: freedmen 7 GAR vetsReps: freedmen 7 GAR vets ““Stalwart” Reps led by Roscoe Conkling use Stalwart” Reps led by Roscoe Conkling use

patronagepatronage ““Half-Breeds” led by James Blaine neutralizeHalf-Breeds” led by James Blaine neutralize Grant toys with 3Grant toys with 3rdrd term ….Congress says no term ….Congress says no

1876 election1876 election

Republicans nominate Republicans nominate Hayes (Ohio / Hayes (Ohio / temperance leader)temperance leader)

Dems nominate Sam Dems nominate Sam Tilden (wealthy / Wall Tilden (wealthy / Wall Street lawyer)Street lawyer)

Tweed prosecutorTweed prosecutor•Tilden wins popular

•SC/Florida/Louis have contested races….both sides claim victory

•Split congress arranges compromise of 1877

•Hayes will end Reconstruction

•White wealthy men ban together…..blacks left with no economic power

1876 Presidential Election1876 Presidential Election

1880 Election1880 Election Reps split:Reps split:

– Hayes not runningHayes not running– Grant wants itGrant wants it– Garfield says ShermanGarfield says Sherman– WI says GarfieldWI says Garfield

Wanted high tariffsWanted high tariffs

Dems nominate Winfield Dems nominate Winfield Hancock ….little Hancock ….little experienceexperience

1880 election1880 election

1880 election1880 election

Post 1880Post 1880

VP is “Stalwart” Chester ArthurVP is “Stalwart” Chester Arthur Charles Guiteau shoots Garfield in Sept. ’81Charles Guiteau shoots Garfield in Sept. ’81 Claims insanity …… wanted to gain Stalwarts an Claims insanity …… wanted to gain Stalwarts an

advantageadvantage Pendleton Act ’83 establishes Civil Service……Pendleton Act ’83 establishes Civil Service……

parties turn to corporations for $parties turn to corporations for $

1884 Election1884 Election

1884 election1884 election

Rep nominate James Rep nominate James BlaineBlaine

Blaine accused in Blaine accused in “Mullligan Letters” of “Mullligan Letters” of being paid by railroad being paid by railroad interestsinterests

““Rum, Romanism, & Rum, Romanism, & Rebellion” speech sticks Rebellion” speech sticks to Blaine and upsets to Blaine and upsets IrishmenIrishmen

Dem Cleveland Dem Cleveland Cleveland’s affair w/ Cleveland’s affair w/

Maria Halpin was of Maria Halpin was of interestinterest

Tells the Tells the truth!.....fathered childtruth!.....fathered child

Won over reform Won over reform Republicans Republicans (Mugwumps)(Mugwumps)

1884 Election1884 Election

1888 Election1888 Election

Reps nominate Benjamin Reps nominate Benjamin HarrisonHarrison

Supported strong tariff Supported strong tariff policypolicy

Dems re-nominate Dems re-nominate ClevelandCleveland

Ran on tariff reductionRan on tariff reduction Lost Tammany-led Lost Tammany-led

New YorkNew York

1888 Election1888 Election

1888 Election1888 Election

1892 Election1892 Election

Granges (farmer organizations) form in response to:Granges (farmer organizations) form in response to:– Eastern banks / creditEastern banks / credit– Monopolies controlling machinery costsMonopolies controlling machinery costs– Railroad trustsRailroad trusts– Depressed land and crop pricesDepressed land and crop prices

ICC of ‘87ICC of ‘87

Sherman Ant-trust of ’90 Sherman Ant-trust of ’90

1892 Election1892 Election Rep nominee is HarrisonRep nominee is Harrison Ill wife = no campaigningIll wife = no campaigning Cleveland also refrainsCleveland also refrains Pro-tariffPro-tariff

Dem nominee is Dem nominee is ClevelandCleveland

Opposed by free-silver Opposed by free-silver faction from West & faction from West & SouthSouth

Anti-tariffAnti-tariff

Populists run James Populists run James Weaver……wants free-Weaver……wants free-silversilver

Carries a state (only 3Carries a state (only 3rdrd party from ’60-’12)party from ’60-’12)

1892 Election1892 Election

1892 Election1892 Election

1896 Election1896 Election

Reps nominate McKinleyReps nominate McKinley ““front-porch” campaignfront-porch” campaign ““tool of business”tool of business” Raised $3 million v WJB’s Raised $3 million v WJB’s

$600,000$600,000

Dem nominate William Dem nominate William Jennings BryanJennings Bryan

Free-silverFree-silver Portraited as radical / Portraited as radical /

socialistsocialist

1896 Election1896 Election

1896 Election1896 Election

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