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Postnatal – the second window of opportunity S. Paredes 30 March 2015
Postnatal – the second window of opportunity
S. Paredes
30 March 2015
Outline
2
Introduction
Birth weight – the limiting factor?
Alternatives during the 2nd window of opportunity
Trans-generational effects
Benefits of investing in early life
Take home message
1
2
3
4
5
6
LifeStart….
Welfare Economic implications
Birth weight - the limiting factor??
4
Birth weight is NOT always the limiting factor
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
BW
, kg
*
*
*
* *
*
SRC, 2014
6
Birth weight is NOT always the limiting factor
Nutreco R&D, 2012
• Permanent effect?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
< -3.0
to-3.0
-3.0 to-
2.5
-2.5 to-
2.0
- 2.0 to-
1.5
-1.5 to-
1.0
-1.0 to-
0.5
-0.5 to
average
An
ima
ls, %
remain
increase
decrease
• Problem is not efficiency-related
Nursery exit weight is determined:
● 30% by birth weight
● 30% by weaning weight
Paredes et al., 2012
• 70% by weight during the first weeks after weaning
Relation to market weight
8
100
103
106
109
112
115
118
121
124
127
130
Measured Calculated
Mar
ket
BW
, kg
BiW < 20% WeaW ≤ 20% 10 wk weight 35% Finishing period < 20%
78% accuracy to determine slaughter weight
Paredes, unpublished
Light weight piglets are NOT that different
9
Paredes et al., 2013
10
Light weight piglets are NOT that different
Paredes et al., 2014
They suffered from an earlier stressor
11
Paredes et al., 2013
12
for which they can compensate
Move to average performance group
Nutreco R&D, 2013
Within a time frame
13
Alternatives from 14 to 42 days of age
15 Early feed intake = Faster adaptation to challenges
Health and growth
LifeStart key pilars
17
Genetics
Management
Processes in gut wall
Adequate immune response
Digestion & absorption
Health and growth
Over/Under immune response
Reduced health and growth
Immune competence
Other
factors
Gut microbiota
Pig
GIT
Different genetics = different needs
18
Nutreco R&D
19
One diet DOES NOT fit all
Agresearch, 2013
Enhances the resilience to weaning
Healthier colon,
lower signs of inflammation
Also
• Lowest removals
• Less ß-haemolytic bacteria
21 Creep (day 19-27) Progeny of multiparous sows Adapted from Edwards, 2010
Creep feed
22
Early post-weaning intake is stimulated by diet composition
Nutreco R&D, 2013
Day 0–14 post-weaning: 30 g/d extra feed intake 30 g/day extra growth 6.5% less diarrhoea
Complex diet = Higher % piglets eating
23
Wellock, 2013
24
Paredes et al. (in preparation)
Complex diet increases microbial richness in colon
26
Complex diets = lower PWD
Nutreco R&D, 2012
E. Coli infection tests at SRC
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28
Ave
rage
sco
re
Day post weaning
HR diet
MW dietComplex diet
Simple diet
*
Complex diet help in a Strep suis challenge
27 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Nursery phase Finishing period
AD
G, g
/d
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Nursery phase Finishing period
BW
, kg
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
Nursery phase Finishing period
FCR
De Lange, 2015
Complex diet provide increase disease resistance
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Gene Gene Name Fold change P value ARG1 Arginase 1 1.79 0.056 CPS1 Carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 1.56 0.057 SLA-DMA, B Swine leukocyte antigen DMA 0.55 <0.078 SLA-DQA, B1 Swine leukocyte antigen DMA 0.51 <0.057 SLA-DRA, B1 Swine leukocyte antigen DMA 0.56 <0.070 GPX1 Glutathione peroxidase 1 (cellular) 1.52 0.057 GPX3 Glutathione peroxidase 3 (plasma) 2.78 0.057 NR3C1 Glucocorticoid receptor 0.53 0.066 TXNIP Thioredoxin interacting protein 0.59 0.057
Rudar et al., 2012
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Van der Douglas et al., 2014
P<0.05
P<0.10
MOF, $/pig Complex feeding
program: 23.40 vs. Simple feeding
program: 20.50
Complex diet ≠ Higher costs
Muscle growth rather than fat deposition
30
Yin et al., 2010, 2013
Welfare implications
31
● Reduction in nr of light weight piglets
Adapted from Edwards, 2010
• Reduction in mortality • More prepared piglets for the nursery challenges
Early investment = lower days to market
32
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
LifeStart Common practice
day
s to
mar
ket
4
TN Benelux, 2014
Trans-generational effect
33
34
Higher shoulder % Leaner carcasses
Braunschweig et al., 2012
F 0 Control or experimental diet
F 1
Control diet
F 2
Control diet
35
• Reduction in embryo survival d 45 gestation • Decreased uterus weight and size
0-13 d post-natal EV or control
Tarleton et al., 2002
Benefits of investing in early life
36
37
Earlier feed intake PW Microbial host relation
Higher within-batch homogeneity
Lower mortality
Higher ROI Protein accretion ≥4 days less to market
Better immune response
Take home message
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Take home message
39
1. A light piglet at birth is not deemed to be the lightest
2. The first weeks post-weaning are more important than birth weight determining the fate of a piglet
3. Light weight piglets will benefit the most of complex feeding scheme
5. Targeted nutrition rather than a simple feeding will determine future performance
6. Not only economical but welfare benefits of investing in early life
7. Investing in the first 6 weeks of a pig’s life will pay off in the long term
4. Complex feeding ≠ higher costs - Complex feeding = MOF
Thank you
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