Date post: | 21-Feb-2017 |
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• Potassium was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807 at England.
• Origin of name: From the English word "potash" (pot ashes) and the Arabic word "qali" meaning alkali
• The origin of the symbol K comes from the Latin word "kalium".
Potassium – major intracellular cation
Biochemical functions
Potassium maintains intracellular osmoticPressure.
Potassium and pyruvate kinase
Enzyme pyruvate kinase (of glycolysis) is dependent on K+ for optimal activity.
potassium
Potassium - transmission of nerve impulse.
Potassium –protein biosynthesis
ECF- potassium and cardiac activity
Dietary requirements
3-4 grams /day
Potassium rich foods
Potassium - rich sources
Tender coconut water is a rich source of potassium
Absorption • The absorption of K+ from the gastrointestinal tract is very efficient (90%) and very little is lost through feces.
• Patients with diarrhea, a good proportion of K+ is lost in the feces.
Plasma potassiumThe whole blood contains much higher level of K+ (50 mEq/ L)
Predominantly an intracellular cation
Care should, therefore, be taken to avoid hemolysis of RBC for the estimation of serum K+.
Excretion
Potassium is mainly excreted through urine.
The maintenance of body acid-base balance influences K+ excretion.
Aldosterone increases excretion of potassium.
Potassium disease states
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