1. POTENTIAL PLANTS MOLECULE IN CANCER DISEASE Presented by
Bondre Rameshwar B. M.Pharm pharmacology (S.R.T.M.U),INDIA 1
2. Introduction Type of cancer Pathophysiology Different herbal
plants shows anticancer activity References 2 CONTENT S
3. CANCER:- Cancer is characterized by rapid and uncontrolled
formation of abnormal cells which may mass together to form a
growth or tumor, or proliferate throughout the body, initiating
abnormal growth at other sites. ANTI-CANCER DRUGS:- The Drugs that
are used in inhibiting the abnormal cell growth or killing the
cancer cells. 3 INTRODUCTION:
4. WORLD WIDE DEATH RATE OF CANCER 4 14.1 million new cancer
case. 8.2 million cancer deaths and 32.6 million people living with
cancer 57% new cancer cases, 65% cancer deaths . 7 lakh indians
died of cancer last year: who 25% higher in men than in women,
mortality: 15% higher in more developed in men, and 8% higher in
women.
5. TYPE OF CANCER 5 5
6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : Carcinogenesis 6
7. 7
8. Plant Species Currently Used in Clinical Cancer Treatment 8
1. Campotheca acuminata L. (Nyssaceae; Chinese Happy ,TreeXi Shu,
Cancer Tree) Campotheca acuminata is a native tree of Southern
China and Tibet. MOA : It contains the quinoline alkaloid
camptothecin (CPT), which inhibits topoisomerase I and therefore
DNA replication USE : Traditionally used in China to treat
different kind of cancers, especially cancers of the stomach and
liver, and breast cancer, colon cancers, malignant melanoma,
small-cell lung cancer and leukemia.
9. 2. Podophyllum peltatum L. (Berberidaceae) 9 B. Source:
Podophyllum hexandrum Family: Berberidaceae Part used: dried
rhizomes & roots Chemical constituent: Podophyllotoxin
Etoposide Teniposide Uses: Used in treatment of small cell
carcinoma of lung, prostrate and testicular carcinomas
10. MOA of Podophyllum 10 Acts by inhibiting topoisomerase II
These drugs are most active in late S and early G2 phase
11. Vinca rosea Linn. (Periwinkle) 11 B. source: Catharanthus
roseus Family: Apocynaceae Part used: Dried whole plant Active
ingredients Ajmalicine, vindoline, catharanthine. alkaloids:
vinblastine (VBL), vincristine (VCR) and leurosidine .
12. MODE OF ACTION OF VINCA 12 These drugs block the formation
of mitotic spindle by preventing the assembly of tubulin dimers
into microtubules. They act primarily on the M phase of cancer cell
cycle.
13. USES OF VINCA 13 Traditional uses include soothing and
healing of inflammatory ailments of the skin, as well as eye
irritations and infections. In modern medicine, the plant extract
has been used for the treatment of diabetes, high blood pressure,
asthma, constipation, and menstrual problems Leukemia, skin cancer,
lymphoma, acute leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, brain tumors,
Wilms tumors, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma.
14. TAXANE 14 B. source: Taxus brevifolia Family: Taxaceae Part
used: Stem bark Uses: Ovarian cancer Lung carcinoma Gastric &
Cervical cancers Prostate & colon cancer Chemical constituent:
Taxol Paclitaxel Docetaxal
15. MOA of Taxanes 15
16. CURCUMIN SYNONIM: Haladi BIOLOGICAL SOURSE: Curcuma longa.
FAMILY : Zingiberaceae CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT: curcumin
Demethoxycurcumin bisdemethoxycurcumin USE: anticancer
antiinflamatory, Woundhealing so many use. 16
17. Anticancer activity Mediated partly through inhibition of
protein tyrosine kinase and the apoptotic effect may partly be
mediated through inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase, Curcumin
induces apoptotic cell death by DNA-damage in human cancer cell
Suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipooxygenase
expression, which blocks production of prostaglandins and
leukotrienes Suppression of cyclin D1 which is a proto-oncogene
overexpressed in many cancers (e.g., breast, esophagus, lung,
liver, head and neck, colon, and prostate Suppression of various
inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor,
angiogenesis, a crucial step in the growth and metastasis of many
cancers 9
18. Curcumin also suppresses tumour growth through Nitric oxide
(NO) and its derivatives play a major role in tumour promotion.
Curcumin inhibit COX-2 production by suppression of NFkB
activation. Curcumin also increases NO production in Natural Killer
(NR) cells after prolonged treatment, culminating in a stronger
tumouricidal effect. curcumin, to suppress the growth of a variety
of tumor cells. 10
23. Conclusion 23 Over the years, a number of approaches have
been developed for clinical use and a number of anticancer drugs
have come out of these as a result, good number of anticancer
agents have been developed from plants or their derived agents,
development of a safe, economic and site-specific anticancer drug
is still a challenge. Perhaps, scientists will have to look towards
nature for another diverse molecule with a novel mode of action to
Treat this dreadful Disease(cancer).
24. References: 24 A. D. Kinghorn, N. R. Farnsworth, D. D.
Soejarto, G. A. Cordell, S. M. Swanson, J. M. Pezzuto, M. C. Wani,
M. E. Wall, N. H. Oberlies, D. J. Kroll, R. A. Kramer, W. C. Rose,
G. D. Vite, C. R. Fairchild, R. W. Peterson, R. Wild, Pharm. Biol.
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K. Kumar, Plant-based anticancer molecules: A chemical and
biological profile of some important leads. Bioorganic &
Medicinal Chemistry 13 (2005) Letcia Veras Costa-Lotufo a,, Mahmud
Tareq Hassan Khanb,1, Arjumand Ather c,Diego Veras Wilke a, Studies
of the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folk
medicine Journal of EthnoSpharmacology 99 (2005) 2130
25. References: 25 PLANTS THAT FIGHT CANCER, Edited by Spiridon
E. Kintzios and Maria G. Barberaki DavidG.I.Kingston,Plants Derived
Natural Productsas Anticancer Agents , Springer Science+Business
Media B.V. 2011 Mary Ann Jordan and Leslie Wilson, Microtubules as
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2004 Diwaker A K*1, Jadon Gu,njan Plant-Based Anticancer Molecules:
A Chemical and Biological Profile of Some Important Leads .IJARPB,
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YasukoKitagishi,MayumiKobayashi,andSatoruMatsuda, Protection
against Cancer with Medicinal Herbs via Activation of Tumor
Suppressor. Journal of Oncology Volume 2012 Spiridon E. Kintzios,
Terrestrial Plant-Derived Anticancer Agents and Plant Species Used
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