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Supply and Demand of Poultry Products in Kerala
• Demand for Eggs: 5063 million per yr
• Production : 1196 million per yr• 90% are non vegs• Demand for meat: 1.2 lakh tonnes
per yr• Production : 32,704 tonnes per yr
Per-Capita Consumption
• Recommended Egg Consumption: 180 eggs/year
• Actual consumption: 72 eggs/year
• Recommended meat consumption (NIN): 11 kg/year (total meat)
• Actual consumption of Poultry meat : 0.9 kg/year
District-wise Poultry Population (lakhs)
• Malappuram : 15.25• Thrissur : 13.06• Ernakulam : 12.26• Palakkad : 11.93• Wyanad : 3.35• Other districts : 4-10
Reasons for the Decline
• Non-availability of land• Higher cost of feed• Low availability of quality
chicks• Higher labour cost• Poor credit facilities• Poor insurance coverage• Higher VAT on chicken
Suggested Policy Options• Need for a Poultry Development Policy• Intensification of backyard poultry production• Specify preferred varieties• Backyard duck farming• Quail and turkey farming• Establishment of poultry farmer service
centres / Cooperatives• Chicks, Feed , Biologicals• Medicines , Technical Advice
Policy Options… GOVT
• Strengthening of disease surveillance centres
• Establishment of marketing network• Establishment of broiler processing units• Starting poultry waste processing units• Exemption of VAT on poultry• Better insurance coverage• Increased R&D efforts• Conservation of indigenous germplasm
• PROJECT PLANNING
• Before starting a project, four important points should be considered:
• Capital Land Management Marketing
•Choosing of area• Sufficient area of land Good irrigation ventilation • Far from human activities,
good road connection, electricity, clean water supply and free from wild / other animals
• Do not mix with other kinds of poultry such as duck and village chicken
• Good Management practices• Start with quality chicks from reliable
sources• Keep houses and equipments clean.• Keep the litter clean, dry and free from
moulds.• Brood chicks carefully with good sanitation.• Ensure adequate ventilation.• Provide adequate floor space, feeder space
and water space.
• Provide light at night.• Adopt vaccination schedule to suit
local conditions.• Promptly dispose off dead birds.• Discourage visitors.• Provide good quality feed. • Disinfect in between batches• Adequate care of broilers during hot
weather is essential.
Record Management
To correct the weakness of management To make sure the breed chosen are good To make sure the feed is good To minimize the mortality rate Use suitable medication.
• Source of vaccine• Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals,
Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, District. Phone: 0472-2840262 E-mail: [email protected]
• I.V.P.M. Ranipet, Tamil Nadu.• I.V.R.I. Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P.• I.A.H.V.B.I. Hebbal, Bangalore, Karnataka, PIN:
560024.• Ventri biologicals, Vaccine division, 3/303, Sharda
Centre, Erandwave, Pune, 411004. E-mail: [email protected]
• Intervet India Pvt. Ltd. Intervet House 33, Pune-Nagar Road, (Behind Eden Garden) Pune - 411 014 Phone +91 20 6605 0400-01
• Indovax, Corporate Heights, SCO - 24, Sector - 14, Gurgaon - 122001 (INDIA) Phone: 0091-124-2315044 / 45 / 46 E-mail: [email protected]
TURKEY FARMING
• Turkey meat is low in fat i.e 95% fat free lowest of all avian species,
• rich in unsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids especially tryptophan and vitamins like niacin, Vit-B6 and Vit B12.
• . Although body weight increases with advancement of age, feed efficiency is adversely affected.
• .
• Attain 4 kg body weight at about 12-14 weeks of age
• At 20-24 weeks of age = 8 to 9 kg. • Dressing percentage is 75-82%. • Feed efficiency is comparatively
poor in small turkeys than large turkeys
•FIXED COST:
• Shed= ( Area for 1 bird = 1 -2 square foot) Water tank Heater (1 small hover = 500 day old chick) Waterers for chicks ( 4 units = 100 birds)
Feed troughs for chick ( linear feeders: 3 units = 100 birds)Automatic drinkers ( 2 unit = 100 birds)Feed troughs - hanging (2 unit = 100 birds)
Store for keeping apparatus and feed Other expenditures (unexpected)
• RECURRENT COST
• Day old chicks
• Poultry feed - starter and finisher
• Electrica/ / kerosene or coal /water- for brooding Vaccine and medicine Building depreciation
• Equipments depreciation • Bank loan interest
Others expenditures (unexpected)
• Housing Design and System
• Good air ventilation -• Suggested dimension of the shed:
25 feet x 200 feet (1 shed) or 25 feet x 100 feet (2 sheds)
• Location -East - West direction, • floor space = 1 m2 per bird for
large varieties • 0.81 m2 for small varieties.
•
• BREED SELECTION • FEED • Starter Feed age 1 day - 4 weeks
(Crude Protein content = 23 %• Finisher/Fattening Feed for chicken age
5 weeks - 6 weeks/sale (Crude Protein content = 20 %)
• ad lib feeding • PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
DISEASES • vaccination program • Biosecurity measures
Marketing Strategy
Location / Place (near to the marketing place, no communication problem). Production (sold as live chicken, processed and frozen, cuts and others.) Price (Depends on the location and market demand) Advertisement
• To know the profit/loss level • To minimize wastage cost • As a guide in preparing paper
work for expanding project in future
Comparison of performance of common layer birds.
Characteristics Gramalakshmi
Gramasree Gramapriya Athulya
Age at sexual maturity in days 160 152 150 139
Age at 50% egg production 180 175 180 150
Annual egg production (upto 72 weeks of age) in numbers
180-200 190-200 200-225 300
Body weight at 72 weeks in kg 1.8 2 1.8 1.6
Egg weight in g 50 52-55 55 56
Egg Colour Light Brown
Brown tinted White
Livability in % 95 95 95 96
Purpose Backyard Backyard Backyard Commercial
Feeding Scavenging + 25-30 g balanced layer ration
Scavenging + 25-30 g balanced layer ration
Scavenging + 25-30 g balanced layer ration
110-120g/day
Comparative performance of Native breeds of chicken in India
Breed
Body weight
(20 weeks)
Age at sexual
maturity (days)
Annual egg production
(No.)
Egg weight at 40 weeks (g)
1. Aseel1220 196 92 50
2. Frizzle1005 185 110 53
3. Kadaknath 920 180 105 49
4. Naked neck 1005 201 99 54
• Housing : -deep litter system. • open area on one side of the shed, • No litter material. • The shed is cleaned twice a day.• The space per adult bird 4 to 6 Sq.ft.• Roof hanging of 2 to 4 feet • The average cost of construction
ranged from Rs.100 to 120 per Sq.ft.• All in all out system • flock size was small ( 200 to 500
birds),
Turkey Farming
- ve
Long generation interval
High investment
Low demand
+ ve
White Meat
Low Fat
Low Cholesterol
Seasonal Premium Price
• Equipments :
one drinker for 15 to 25 birds.one feeder for 50 to 75 birds.Brooding using electrical bulbs.
feed requirement :20 to 25 Kg. per bird up to Six months male birds are heavier to females. chopped green grasses ad lib
Space Allowance in Feeders and Waters (per bird)Feeder Waterer
0 - 4 weeks 4 cm 2 cm
5 - 8 weeks 8 cm 4 cm
9 - 12 weeks 12 cm 6 cm
13-16 weeks 16 cm 8 cm
> 16 weeks 20 cm 10 cm
• by NRC - 1994 is as follows:
• Nutrient Age (weeks) • 0 – 4 4 - 8 8 –12 12 –16 16–20 20–24 Br
• ME (Kcal/kg) 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 33002900
• Protein (%) 28 26 22 19 16.5 14 14• Lysin (%) 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.80 0.65 0.60• Methionine (%)0.55 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.25 0.25
0.20• Methionine + 1.05 0.95 0.80 0.65 0.55 0.45
0.40
Breeding Management
Ratio : 10:1
Feed : 14% CP 2650 KCal/ kg ME
2.5% Ca 0.40% A.P.
Incubation period : 28 days
Diseases
M.D. and I.B. : Resistant
Fowl Cholera
Coli Septicaemia
Mycoplasmosis : egg, semen
Fowl Pox, NCD
Avian Influenza
Worms
RDF or Lasota : 5-7 days and 30 days
Pox vaccine : 6 weeks and 22 weeks
RDVK : 10 weeks
20 weeks
40 weeks
Vaccination Schedule
Disease Control Measures
Water Sanitation
Quality Feed
Disinfection Procedure
Bio-security Measures
Egg Dipping.
Turkey Research Station / Farms in India
• Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar• Central Poultry Development Organization,
Hessarghatta• Poultry Research Station, Nandanam, Chennai• University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal,
Karnataka• Poultry Farm Department of Animal Husbandry,
Quilon, Kerala• Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
• 5 to 20%. mortality• vaccination done - RD and Pasturellosis • Sex determination is not easy --Vent
Sexing at the time of hatchingBy weight - Males are heavier Matured male - conspicuous black bearing attached to the skin of the upper region.Dewbill or snood, - relatively large, plump and elastic in males and small , thin and elastic in females.
• Male sturt even at day-old age and continue to do so throughout their life- Sturting is not seen in females.
• Marketing :• at the age of six months for meat
purpose. • The average body weight is 6 - 8
Kgs. • No retail market for the birds on
day to day basis except during Christmas, Easter
• Reproductive parameters
• Age of laying - 24 - 28 weeks• No. of eggs produced 70 – 100
per year -• Egg weight - 85 gm• Incubation Period - 28 days• Male female Ratio - 1 : 5• No.of chicks /female - 43 - 63
• Marketing :• The demand for turkey poult is
mostly seasonal • The demand is slowly picking up • There is no established market for
the turkey• High average weight (6 to 8 Kg.) it
is not finding a place in the diet of middle class families
Duck farming has following advantages:-
more egg s
Wt= 70g
Ducks require lesser attention and thrive well in scavenging conditions.
Ducks supplements their feed by foraging. They eat fallen grains in paddy fields, insects, snails, earthworms, small fishes and other aquatic materials.
From commercial point of view, ducks have a longer profitable life. They lay well even in second year.
Ducks do not require any elaborate housing like chicken
Ducks are quite hardy, more easily brooded and more resistant to common avian diseases.
Marshy river side, wet land and barren moors upon which chicken or no other type of stock will flourish, are excellent quarters for duck farming.
Ducks lay 95 – 98% of their eggs in the morning before 9.00 AM. Thus saving lot of time and labour. Ducks are suitable for integrated farming systems such as duck-cum-fish farming, duck farming with rice cultivation. In duck-cum-fish farming the droppings of ducks serve as feed for the fishes and no other feed or manuring of the pond is necessary for fishes (200-300 ducks per hectare of waste area). Under integrated duck farming with rice cultivation, the ducks perform four essential functions viz., intertillage as they search for food, their bills loosen up the soil around the rice plants-weeding, insect control and manuring. Ducks are good exterminators of potato beetles, grasshoppers, snails and slugs. In areas plagued with liver flukes, ducks can help correct the problem (2 to 6 ducks per 0.405 hectare of land). Ducks can be used to control mosquito pupae and larvae (6 to 10 ducks per 0.405 hectare of water surface) Ducks are quite intelligent, can be tamed easily, and trained to go to ponds and come back in the evening of their own.
Water for swimming is not essential at any stage of duck rearing
Ducks should never have access to feed without water.
Performance parameters of Khaki Campbell ducks are given as under :
1) Age at first egg 120 days (4 months)2) Age at 50% production 146 days ( 5 months)3) Annual egg production 300 eggs4) Body weight at 40 weak 1.8 kg5) Daily feed consumption per 120-130 gms6) Bird (which can be reduced to 50% under foraging )7) Duck mortalityi) 0-8 weeks 2 to 3%ii) 8-20 weeks 0.2 to 0.5%iii) Adult mortality 5 to 7%
Feed Consumption- Egg type Ducks• Feed for 1st 6 months 9
kg per bird 6 months to 12 months
12 kg per bird• 2nd year 24 kg per bird• 3rd year 25 kg per bird
• ECONOMIC UTILISATION OF SPACE - 10 /SFT.
• * SHORT GENERATION INTERVAL (3-4 GENERATIONS IN A YEAR)
• * FAST GROWING BIRD - 5 WEEKS • * START PRODUCING EGGS AT 6
WEEKS EGG PRODUCTION UPTO 40 WEEKS
• * EGG SIZE IS 10 GM. - products • * FEED CONSUMPTION IS LOW • * WEIGHT OF BROILER BIRD IS 250 g
AND OF LAYER 180g
Performance of the Commercial Meat Ducks
BreedMarketing age (days)
Feed Conversion
ratioweight (kg)
1Cherry Valley (U.K)
49 - 56 2.5 : 1 3.00
2C.P Duck (Thailand)
47 2.8 : 1 3.09
3Quick Gro (Philippines)
47 2.8 : 1 3.09
4 Pekin 49 - 56 3.18 : 1 3.00
5 Muscovy 16 weeks2.7 : 1 (M)2.7 : 1 (F)
5.6 kg3.0 kg
• Waterers should be placed on elevated platform
• Avoid wet litter• Provide Meat ducks with 24 hours
of light• Meat bird marketed =7 to 8 weeks
of age. • new quills appearing during the
ages of 9 to 14 weeks.