POVERTY AND FOOD SECURITY

SUBMITTED BY: SIMI OLIVERSOCIAL SCIENCEICT CLASSROOM TEACHING

POVERTY AND FOOD SECURITYINTRODUCTION TO POVERTY Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Poverty seems to be temporary and mostly related to inequality. Extreme poverty is a global challenge; it is observed in all parts of the world, including developing economies.CHANGES HAPPENED IN INDIA DURING 1950-2007The production of food grains increased fourfold.Population increased three times.Attained self sufficiency in food production.Started exporting rice, wheat and other food grains.Universalized public distribution system.Implemented many poverty eradications programmers.WHAT ARE THE BASIC NEEDS OF PERSON?Clothing.Shelter.Nutritious Food.Education.Pure drinking water.Health protection.Transport and communication facilities.SITUATIONS OF POVERTY:Experience hunger.Dont have enough clothes.Dont have a house.Dont have access to drinking water.Dont have access to medical facilities.Dont have access to education.Are not able to get a job.Are denied opportunities.Are denied freedom.SUB SAHARAN AFRICASOUTH ASIAMIDDLE EAST ASIA(NORTH AFRICA)LATIN AMERICAEUROPE-CENTRAL ASIAEAST ASIA-PACIFICCAMEROONINDIAEGYPTBRAZILBULGARIACHINAKENYAPAKISTANIRANARGENTINAHUNGARYKOREAETHIOPIASRILANKAIRAQJAMAICAPOLANDCAMBODIASOUTH AFRICANEPALJORDANBOLIVIARUSSIAINDONESIAZAMBIABANGLADESHSAUDI ARABIACOLUMBIATURKEYMALAYSIANIGERIAYEMENCUBAROMANIAPHILIPPINESMAURITIUSMOROCCOSINGAPORESENAGALALGERIAVIETNAMSOMALIADIVISION OF COUNTRIES ON THE BASIS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPED COUNTRIES:

HAVE ACHIEVED PERFECT DEVELOPMENT.

EG: AMERICA, BRITAIN,JAPAN, CANADA, GERMANY.

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES:

HAVE NOT ACHIEVED PERFECT DEVELOPMENT. THEY ARE IN THE PATH OF DEVELOPMENT.

EG: INDIA, PAKISTAN,NEPAL, SRILANKA , BHUTAN.UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES:

ARE BACKWARD IN THE CASE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.

EG: ETHIOPIA, SOMALIA.

POVERTY IN INDIA (1973-2004)YEAR BELOW POVERTY LINEPERCENTAGENUMBER(CRORE)197354.8832.13198344.4832.29199335.9732.04200427.530.17ACHIEVEMENTS OF KERALALow infant mortality.Low mortality rate.High life expectancy.High literacy.

ACHIEVEMENTS IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS(KERALA)SEX RATIO: In India 2001, no of females are 933 per 1000 males while in kerala it is 1058.INFANT MORTALITY RATE: For a thousand infants born 13 infants die each year.LIFE EXPECTANCY: In India (2001) it is 63.9 for males and 66.9 for females. In kerala it is 74.47 (males) and 80.47(females).DEATH OF MOTHER: The no of death at the time of delivery is 110 per lakh .LITERACY: In India it is 65.38% (75.85% of men and 54.16% of women) while in kerala it is 90.92% (94.20% men and 87.86% of women).

REASONS FOR POVERTYUNEMPLOYMENT.EXPLOITATION.ECONOMIC INEQUALITY.SOCIAL BACKWARDSNESS.LACK OF FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.LACK OF BETTER PRICE OF PRODUCT.DECLINE OF TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIES.EDUCATIONAL BACKWARDNESS.RESULTS OF GLOBALISATION.LACK OF THE AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIALS.GOVERNMENT POLICIES.HIGH GROWTH OF POPULATION.COLONIAL RULE.PRICE RISE.NATURAL CALAMITIES- DRAUGHT,FLOOD, TSUNAMI , EARTHQUAKE, LANDSLIDE ETC.UNEMPLOYMENTLOW INCOMELOW PURCHASING POWERPOVERTYLOW CAPACITY TO WORKLOW NUTRITIONLOW CONSUMPTIONILLNESSLESS OPPURTUNITY FOR EDUCATIONEDUCATION LEADS TO POVERTY ERADICATIONEDUCATIONBETTER HEALTH CAREMORE PURCHASING POWERBETTER JOB OPPURTUNITIESERADICATION OF POVERTYBETTER STANDARD OF LIVINGMORE INCOMEPOVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAMMESNational Rural Employment Gaurantee Scheme (NREGS)Indira Avas Yojana (IAY)Swarnajayanthi Grama Swarosgar Yojana (SGSY)Swarna Jayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)Intergrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP)Total Sanitation Mission (TSM)ASPECTS OF FOOD SECURITYAvailability of sufficient food for all.

Capacity for all to buy sufficient food.

Quality food available to all.PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WORK IN KERALADistribution of grains through ration shops.

Mid-day meals scheme in schools.

Distribution of nutritious food to children below 5 and pregnant women through anganwadis.LIMITATIONS OF POVERTY ERADICTION PROGRAMMES IN INDIAAll are not getting the benefits equally.Even those who are not poor also get the benefit.Insufficient allocation of fund for schemes.Corruption and inefficient implementation.Neglect of local condition.

21 PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION CENTRES TO ASSURE FOOD SECURITY (GOVERNMENT OF KERALA)PUBLIC DISTRIBUTIONMAVELI STORESSABARI STORESRATION SHOPSSUPPLYCO STORES