Poverty Eradiccation 1

8/8/2019 Poverty Eradiccation 1

1/26


2/26

POVERTY ERADICATION

According to the 1997 united nations developmentreport

From a human development perspective poverty

means the denial of choices and opportunities for atolerable life

Poverty is a complex ,multifaceted problem. policydebates tend to emphasize the monetary aspect of

poverty ,whereas many other factors-includingaccess to control over natural resources and land,employment, health ,nutrition and education,

access to services ,conflict, political power andsocial inclusion-also play crucial roles.


3/26

MIllenium DevelopmentGoals;end poverty by 2015MIllenium Development

Goals;end poverty by 2015

WHEN 1.4 BILLION PEOPLE LIVE ON LESS THAN $1.25 ADAY.

When more than 1 billion people lack clean water drinking Poverty is too big to address alone. but when we stand up

together we can change the lives of billions If not billions

We are the next generation that can end poverty .we canachieve the millennium development goals and end povertyby 2015

Poverty is thus as much a social political and environmentalproblem as it is an economic one.

The fact is we have the knowledge of money resources andtechnology

The only thing is political will and you. Last year ,116 million people stood up toed poverty and

inequality . Each year ,more than 8 million people around the world die

because they are poor to stay alive


4/26

Achievement of Millennium

Development Goals and targets

MDGs (Millennium Development Goals )by the year 2015and to attain the delineated targets such as;

Remove the ugly faces of poverty by eradicating hunger, chronicfood insecurity and extreme destitution,

Reduce the number of people living below poverty line by 50%, Attain universal primary education for all girls and boys of primaryschool age,

Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondaryeducation,

Reduce infant and under five mortality rates by 65% andeliminate gender disparity in child mortality,

Reduce the proportion of malnourished children under five by50% and eliminate gender disparity in child malnutrition,

Reduce maternal mortality by 75%, and

Ensure availability of reproductive health services to allwomen.

MDGs (

Millennium Development Goals )by the year 2015and to attain the delineated targets such as;

Remove the ugly faces of poverty by eradicating hunger, chronicfood insecurity and extreme destitution,

Reduce the number of people living below poverty line by 50%, Attain universal primary education for all girls and boys of primaryschool age,

Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondaryeducation,

Reduce infant and under five mortality rates by 65% andeliminate gender disparity in child mortality,

Reduce the proportion of malnourished children under five by50% and eliminate gender disparity in child malnutrition,

Reduce maternal mortality by 75%, and

Ensure availability of reproductive health services to allwomen.


5/26

Reduce the half proportion of the people living on less thana dollar a day.

Reduce by half proportion of people who suffer from hunger.

Over 1 billion people -1 in 6 people around the world live in

extreme poverty, defined as living on less than 1 a day.Over 100 million primary school age children cannot go to

school because it is too expensive.More than 30 percent of children in developing countries about600

860 million around the world suffer from chronichunger and malnutrition. one in 12 people world wideis malnourished including 160 millions children under

the age of 5.in developing countries 91 out of 1000 children diebefore their fifth birthday.The wealthiest fifth of the worlds people consume 86percent of all goods and services.


6/26

There is enough for everybodys need .but notfor everybodys greed.

-Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Traditional natural resource management practices are

hampered ,whether through environmental devastation ,overexploitation, privatization or lack of access they may beforced to make their livings less sustainable ways in order to

support themselves and their families. One billion people do not have access to clean drinking

water, and 1.8 million people die each other year due toinadequate hygiene, sanitation and water supply .

Globally, we have the resources to eradicate poverty andhunger both in rural and urban communities.

The push for expanded foreign direct investment into poorcountries and increased exports is based on the falsepremise that the revenues generated will trickle down tothe poor. this is the basis of the poverty alleviationapproaches of international financial institutions like theworld bank and trade bodies including the world tradeorganization.


7/26

Poverty: a multi-dimensional and complex issue

Poverty as Concept

Poverty as concept has many meanings and interpretationsand as used by different peoples in different contexts todescribe different things. For examples:

Poverty at Global Level (e.g. total number of worldspoor)

Income Poverty (mostly commonly used meaning, e.g.number of people on dollar a day)

Relative Poverty (e.g. there are many poor in richcountries who are rich compared to all people in many

poor countries) Poverty Level in-country (e.g. unemployed, number

below poverty line, food rationing etc.)

Poverty Line (e.g. different countries set their own)

Poverty alleviation/reduction as a goal e.g. MDG,PRSPs


8/26

Poverty Eradication Progressduring the Last Decade

During the 1990s economic growth averaged nearly 5% with

fiscal and current account imbalances contained at

manageable levels, low inflation, and low public debt.

National poverty fell from 59% to 50%, infant mortality washalved, and life expectancy increased from 56 to 65 years.

In the mid-2000s the average economic growth has exceeded

5% and poverty incidence further declined.

The first time in the last two decades, the GDP growth rate

exceeded 6% in FY 2004. The vast majority of children attend primary schools, and

gender parity has been reduced in primary and secondaryeducation enrollment.


9/26

Poverty Trend

Regions 1990 1998 2008

(Projection)

East Asia 28 15 9

Eastern Europe and Central

Asia

2 5 10

South Asia 44 40 31

Sub-Saharan Africa 48 46 52

Latin America 17 16 23

Global 30% 24% 22%

Source: World Bank: 2001 (World Development Report: Attacking Poverty)


10/26

Status and trends of drought Africa:

Drought events per country from 1970 to 2004

Climate change toexacerbate drought

Two thirds of Africa is

classified as either desert

or drylands.

Current climatescenarios- driestregions of the worldwill become even drie

Source: Adapted from Noojin, Leah 2006. Factors that influence Famine in Sub- saharan African Countries

Increasing frequency

and severity of

drought witnessed in

the continent


11/26

Poverty reduction andEconomic Growth

Poverty reduction and Economic Growth

Drought and floods account for 80 percent of loss of life and 70percent of economic losses linked to natural hazards in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The drought of 1990/1991 in Zimbabwe resulted in a 45% drop inagricultural production but also a 62% decline in the value of thestock market, a 9% drop in manufacturing output and an 11% drop inthe GDP.

In Kenya, the drought of 1999-2001 cost the economy some 2.5billion dollars. Can best be thought of as 2.5 billion dollars of

foregone development, for example, hospitals and schools not built.

Thus for millions in Africa, poverty eradication isinextricably linked to success in mitigating the

impacts of drought.


12/26

Country DroughtPeriod

Consequences

Uganda 2004/2005

Reduction in water levels at Lake Victoria resulting inreduction in hydro-power generation by 50MW

Kenya 1992 Failure of rains led to power rationing in AprilMay 1992

Kenya 1998 to2001

Massive drought decreased hydro generation (25% in2000), which had to be replaced by more expensive fuel-based generation. Power rationing in 19992001.

Lesotho 1992 Hydro operation limited to 6 months, leading to 20%reduction compared to 1991

Malawi 1997 to1998

Engineering operations affected by drought. Amount ofhydro energy generated was 6% less than in years ofnormal rainfall.

Mauritius 1999 Massive drought led to 70% drop in normal annualproduction of electricity.

Tanzania 1997 The Mtera dam reached its lowest ever level resulting ina 17% drop in hydro generation, use of thermalgeneration to meet the shortfall, and power rationing.

Zambia 1992 Poor rainfall resulted in a 35% reduction in hydro-powergeneration in relation to the previous year.

Zimbabwe

1993 Drought led to a drop of over 9% in energy productioncompared to 1992.

Electricity related impacts of drought in selected countries in Africa


13/26

Poverty EradicationCore Beliefs

Poor have a strong desire and innateability to come out of poverty; a strongsense of self-help and volunteerism

Social mobilization to unleash theirinnate energies

Poor can come out of poverty only

through their own institutions

Sensitive support institutions for poor toinduce and nurture social mobilisation


14/26

329(57< 5('8&7,21

7+58676

PGMA 10 Point Legacy Agenda

B Balanced budgetE Education for all

A Automated elections

T Transport infrastructure

T Terminate NPA and MILF hostilities

H Heal the wounds of EDSA 1, 2, and 3E Electricity and water for all

O Opportunities for livelihood and jobs

D Decongestion of Metro Manila

D Decentralize DevelopmentS -- Subic-Clark alliance


15/26

Priority Programs/Thrusts for Poverty Reduction

Goal: Enhanced livelihood activities for the poor to generatejobs, increase income and strengthen local economyStrategy: Create 3 Million Microentrepreneurs throughmicrofinance in the next 6 years

Goal: Accelerate asset reform in agriculture, urban asset &ancestral domain

Goal: Empowerment of the PoorStrategy: Active participation of the poor in decision makingespecially in the analysis of their problems and definition ofsolutions


16/26

Goal: Provide potable clean water and sanitationfacilitiesTarget: Prioritized water and sanitation facilities to

200 waterless Strategy: Expand Health Insuranceparticularly for indigents through premium subsidyGoal: Improved accessibility and affordability ofessential servicesStrategy: accelerated public health program reforms

Goal: Give preferential access to social protectionvulnerable groups

Target: Assistance to children in need of specialattentionTarget: Assistance to Youth with special needsTarget: Assistance to women in especially difficultcircumstances and dysfunctional familiesTarget: Assistance to Persons with Disabilities

Target: Assistance to elderly persons


17/26

Society For Elimination ofRural Poverty (SERP)

SERP is an independent autonomousSociety registered under Public SocietiesAct

SERP adopts a positive rights-basedempowerment approach in itsdevelopment path.

Vision of SERP

Each family in the state should be out of poverty and enjoy:

Intra family equity equal status for women

Freedom from hunger

Decent Income: > Rs. 5000 per month, 3 - 4 sources

Planned household expenditure

Risk management - life, health, assets and incomes

Education, health and shelter


18/26

Nested Federation Model

Self-Help Groups (SHGs)1015 members per SHG

Roles and Respons ibilities : Thrift and credit , Part icipat ory

monitoring, poverty reduct ion plans, household investmentplans

Village Organization (VO)

150200 members on average; Act ivists, Book Keepers and,Para profess ionals

Roles and Respons ibilities : St rengt hening SHGs, Arrange lines

of credit t o SHGs, Social act ion and Support act ivists , Village

development

Sub-district Federation or Mandal Samakhya

7000 - 10000 members on average; Young professional staff

Roles and Responsibilities : Support t oVOs , Secure linkage w ithGovt . Depts . , Auditing of the groups, M icrofinance functions

District Federation or Zilla Samakhya

300,000 500,000 members on averageRoles and Respons ibilities : Conducts market int erface,M aint ains MI S/I T s yst em

6 X E G LV WULFW)H GH UDWLR Q

' LV WULFW

)H GH UDWLR Q

9 LOODJ H2 UJ DQ L]D WLR

Q

SHG SHG SHG

6 X E & RP P LWWHH

V

6 X E

FRP P LWWHHV

6 X E

FRP P LWWHHV


19/26

Functionaries NPM

SPMUSPA, Consultants

DPMU

DPM (NPM)

Technical Consultant

State

Mandal Coordinator

Cluster Activist (CA)/ CCA

District

7-8Mandals

Mandal

Cluster 5villages

Village OrganisationCV/CF, VBK, BK

Village

Community

Resource

Persons


20/26

Community Resource Persons

CRPs are farmers who practice (best practitioners)CMSA and demonstrate that it is profitable and

practicable to other farmers.

Should have at least two years experience

Should posses patience, courage and in depthknowledge on sustainable agriculture

Should able to convince farmers on sustainableagriculture methods

Should have interest to visit other mandals anddistricts

Should able to write and read, this can be relaxed

in case of extraordinary persons


21/26

Review of poverty removal by Indiangovernment

Integrated Rural development programme(IRDP):The IRDP started since the sixth plan, Under the programme, subsidies

were provided to the identified families so as to enable them to acquire anincome generating asset.

Jawahar Rojgar Yojana:The JRY had been formulated by merging together two wage

employment programmes that had been in operation earlier i.e. NREP ANDRLEGP. This programme was renamed as JAWAHAR GRAM SAMMRIDHIYOJANA and in APRIL 2002 it merged with Sampoorna Grameen rozgaryojana.

Nehru Rozgar Yojana:The NRY is the urban counterpart of the JRY. It aims at creating onemillion jobs annually. It wil create opportunities for self employment as wellas generate wage employment.

The programme of development of women and children in rural areas(DWCRA):

The DWCRA aims to improve the socio economic status of the poorwomen in rural areas through group of women for income generating

activities. The Employment assurance scheme (EAS):It aimed at providing 100 days of unskilled manual work up to two

members of the family in the age group 18-60 years normally residing invillages in the lean agriculture season ..


22/26

The Swarna Jayanti Shahari

Rozgar Yojana.

Prime Ministers RozgarYojana.

The Swarna Jayanti Gram

Rozgar Yojana.

National social assistanceprogramme.

Indira awas yojana

Food for Work Programme.

OTHER POVERTY REMOVAL AND EMPLOYMENTGENERATION PROGRAMMES


23/26

Dislodging sludge to keep water flowing in a sewercanal in the Janata Colony section of New Delhi.


24/26

Causes of poverty in India

Rural life in rajasthan

Slum shacks and a rubbish-laden river, with a child in the middle, inthe Indian Himalayas.


25/26

In New Delhi, a woman wields Women washing clothes in ditchpickaxe on a footpath alongside main road in Mumbaimaintenance project while herhusband takes a break andher baby sleeps

Slums adjoining the railway A beggar in India, it shows the hightracks at Bandra station in level of poverty in India.

mumbai


26/26

Conclusion

The World Bank and United Nations shouldattempt to affect changes at the state level,

working to create democratic governments. Thisapproach is not without problems and can not becalled easyI believe it deals with both the individuals and thestate at the levels needed and could help to halvethe number of people living in poverty by 2015.. Thekey is that we do not ignore those living in povertybut help, in whatever way we believe is best. Weare obliged to try our hardest to makecircumstances better for them.

Date post:	10-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	unni008
View:	212 times
Download:	0 times

Poverty Eradiccation 1

Documents