Power and Politics

After this presentation you will understand

Common power tacticsThe five bases of powerThe difference between ‘power to’ and ‘power over’The importance of the political perspectiveThe three questions that can help you determine whether a political action is ethical.

Definition of PowerA capacity that A has to influence the

behaviour of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes.

A capacity that A has to influence the behaviour of B so that B acts in accordance

with A’s wishes.

When Managers Influence Superiors

Least PopularLeast

Popular

Most PopularMost Popular

• Reason• Coalition• Friendliness• Bargaining• Assertiveness• Higher Authority

Coercive Power

Power that is

based on fear

Reward Power

Power that is based on

the ability to

distribute rewards that are seen as

valuable

Legitimate Power

Power that a

person receives

as a result of his/her position in the

hierarchy

Expert Power

Power based on specific skills or

knowledge

Referent Power

Power based on

admiration of

another

Giving employees responsibility for what they do.

Empowerment has to do with ‘power to’

‘power over’

Sexual harassment is all about power

Sexual harassment is all about….

Politics: Power in ActionPolitical behaviour: activities that are not required as part of one’s

formal role in the organization, but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of

advantages and disadvantages within the organization.

Politics is a fact of life in organizations.

People who ignore this fact of life do so at their own peril.

One of the most important factors leading to politics within organizations is the realization that most of the

‘facts’ that are used to make decisions and allocate resources are open to

misinterpretation.

If you want to become more politically adept in your organization, what could you do?

1. Frame arguments in terms of organizational goals

2. Develop the right image

3. Gain control of organizational resources

4. Make yourself indispensable

If you want to become more politically adept in your organization, what could you do? (continued)

5. Be visible

6. Develop powerful allies

7. Avoid ‘tainted’ members

8. Support your boss

The Ethics of Behaving PoliticallyQuestion 1: Is the political action motivated by self serving interests to the exclusion of the organization’s goals?

Yes

Unethical

No

Ethical

Question 3: Is the political activity fair and equitable?

No Yes

Unethical

Question 2: Does the political action respect the rights of the individuals affected?

Yes

Unethical

No

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