Power drive

Welcome to Pleasanton High School Racing

Blog.pleasanton.k12.ne.us

Pleasanton is a small town located north of Kearney 18 miles. It lies along the South Loup River

and has a population of 375 and is a very rural community. We are know for our great basketball

and great community spirit. Pleasanton Public School is located in the northwest part of town.

Pleasanton High School is a small Class D school. Our school is made up of two buildings, the

grade school and middle school are located in the old building across the street and the high

school is to the north which was build new in 1995.

Create your own video slideshow at animoto.com.

Pleasanton Public School Mission Statement

Through cooperation of students, staff, family and community, the mission of the Pleasanton

Public School is to offer everyone educational opportunities to excel and become responsible

citizens in an ever changing global community.

Pleasanton Public School Governing Values

WE BELIEVE:

that everyone can learn and excel in a positive environment.

the quality of education improves with cooperation of student, staff, parents, and

community.

in offering the tools necessary for life long learning.

in instilling attitudes to produce responsible citizens who can cope and adapt in an every

changing global community

in encouraging excellence.

Pleasanton Racing Team Mission Statement

The goal of our program is to design, build, and race a single passenger electrical car safey

during the school year. Each process must be documented and a final report presented on how

the car was designed, built, and raced. This will be done using the school web page. The

students in the program will have a geat educational opportunity in several areas. Many

manufacturing skills will be taught during the project along with skills such as teamwork,

problem solving, brain storming, public relations, writing/editing, engineering, running many

computer software programs, graphic design, photography, video graphy, and fabrication.

Pleasanton Racing Team Goals

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THE MAIN GOALS:

the car is safe and follows all the rules and regulations.

the car is reliable, performs well, and looks nice.

the students who build the car have fun, build relationships with their teammates, and

meet other people at rallies.

have an injury free season

Pleasanton School Contact Information

Our instructor/advisor is Mr. Bauer who teaches Industrial Technology, or now called Skilled &

Technical Sciences. Randy Bauer went to high school at Pleasanton, then went to Kearney State

College to get his Bachelor Degree, and his Masters Degree at the University of Nebraska at

Kearney. He has taught at Chester-Hubbell-Byron (3 years), Kearney Horizon Middle School (4

years), and from 1995 to the present at Pleasanton High School.

Pleasanton High School: 303 West Church Street, Pleasanton, Ne 68866, 308-388-2041

begin_of_the_skype_highlighting 308-388-2041 end_of_the_skype_highlighting,

[email protected],

History of Power Drive Program

The Power Drive Program® has been on the fast track since it debuted during the 1998-99

school year under the leadership of Omaha Public Power District (OPPD). OPPD gave high

school students a hands-on way to apply their studies and to promote interest in automotive,

electric and energy technologies and careers. The experience these youths gain through this

program is important, because they are the energy decision-makers of the future. Nebraska

Public Power District (NPPD) joined Power Drive in 2000 and has helped spread the word about

the program and supported numerous schools in central and western Nebraska.


History of Pleasanton High School Power Drive Program

In 2002, Pleasanton High School decided to implement the Power Drive progam into our Power

& Energy Class. Diana Luscher from NPPD came to our school and gave a presentation on the

Power Drive competition. This stimulated the students desire to design and build a car in the

Industrial Technology classroom. Many of the principals and concepts were already taught so it

was easy to integrate into the curriculum, which made the students apply what they had

learned. Teamwork, problem solving, brain storming, and technology have been used in this

program, which has enhanced the student’s education.

The first car was an all steal frame with heavy motorcyle rims and tires. The body was

mostly open with a sheet metal hood. The car was named Chitty-Chitty Bang-Bang because it

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looked old and weighed a ton. We did not even make it to the drivers change at Kearney’s Rally

located at the UNK Driving Range. The second car was made out of aluminium and had an

enclosed body. It was much lighter but wasn’t very aerodynamic because of sitting upright.

The third car was also made of aluminium, but you laid down in it and it used a rack and pin ion

steering. Each car has progressed into a safer more reliable car and has competed with the other

schools. It is always fun to see what each class will come up with for a design and how it

changes from year to year.

Twelve high schools took part that first year in two rallies. In 2002, Power Drive grew to 7

rallies and the number of participants – and the sophistication of the competitors – has increased

each subsequent year.

The Power Drive Program encourages interest in energy-related and automotive-related

industries. A light-electric vehicle (LEV) competition, Power Drive does so by bringing a

practical focus to students’ math, science and/or vocational education. During the course of a

school year, students design and construct a safe, energy-efficient electric vehicle that they get to

showcase during a series of rallies in the spring. They work in teams, under the direction of

instructors who have been trained at Power Drive workshops. Instructors report the program

boosts academics, school spirit and community interest and support.

Steve VanRonk, one of the early LEV pioneers who brought the competitions to the U.S. from

Australia, helped develop the Power Drive rules and regulations.

In addition to OPPD, program co-sponsors include Nebraska Public Power District, the Nebraska

Department of Education and the U.S. Department of Energy Clean Cities Program. The

sponsors believe the Power Drive Program is an invaluable way to invest in the future of

Nebraska and in the state’s energy future. First-time schools receive “starter kits” and the

program provides mentors and technical support to the teams when needed. Many of the mentors

are OPPD/NPPD employees and retirees, who also volunteer their time to organize and put on

the competitions. Financial support is provided by OPPD 50 percent and NPPD the other 50%.

Another great resource is the Electrathon America Handbook, each participating school must

join this organization and the membership enables them to race at the rallies with insurance.

In 2008, our Power Drive Team from Pleasanton High School received a second place award for

our documentation. Our teacher, Mr. Bauer was quoted, “It was nice to see my students get

recognized for their hard work and dedication to this part of the competion. Presenting your

thoughts, steps of procedure, and documenting the whole process from start to finish on the

computer reflects teamwork and being able to meet deadlines.”

Our car broke a tie rod at the state competition and by the time it got back to the pits it had lost to

many laps to be able to finish in the top of the standard class. We fell short of our goal to place

in the top five at state overall. The second place in documentation was beyond our expectation

and we had something to celebrate. We like the motorplex surface but like the Quest Center

parking lot better for two reason. If you break down it doesn’t take long to get your car back to

the pit so your pit crew can fix the car and second you can see the whole race because it was on a

smaller track.


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Awards

2004 -5th place at State Standard class

2005 -2nd place at North Platte Classic Standard class

-3rd place at Lincoln Open Standard class

-4th place at State Standard class

2007 -2nd place at North Platte Classic Standard class

-3rd place at North Platte Classic Advanced class

2008 -1st place at Kearney Power Drive Design & Construction Standard class

-2nd place at State Documentation Standard class

2009 -1st place at Kearney Power Drive Standard class

-2011 -1st Place at Hasting Motorsport Speedway in Braking in the standard class.

-1st Place at Hasting Motorsport Speedway in Maneuverability in the standard class.

Pleasanton High School Racing Team

This year’s team is made up of just three students which are

all seniors. This is unique

in that they have built two cars between the three

students. These seniors are highly

motivated and hard workers. These students stay on task and

are ahead of others classes

that have been here at Pleasanton High.

Cole Pritchard Grade: 12th

Height:6’0″

Weight:165

Job:S56 Driver and Web Designer

Best thing about Power Drive:

Getting to have fun in school.

Garrett Reese Grade: 12th

http://pleasanton.k12.ne.us/powerdrive/files/2010/01/IMG_0037.jpg


Height:6’1″

Weight:235

Job: S56 Welder and Website Designer


Getting experience doing

other things then school work.

Ridge Neal Grade:12th


Height:6’1″

Weight:155

Job: S69 Build Team and Driver


Going to the races and competing

to see who has the best car.

Mr. BauerAdvisor/Instructor

January Report 2011 – S69

August 2010

The S69 Pleasanton Racing Team consists of one member; Senior Ridge Neal. Work on the

Pleasanton High S69 PowerDrive car began right as school began. As the only team member on

the S69 car, I had to get to work immediately to finish by racing season. I started out by studying

cars from past years, noting what I liked, and excluding what I didn’t. My goal is to take the best


ideas and systems from all our old cars and put them together to build a car that has potential to

post a successful season.

I set out a schedule that I needed to keep up on to have the car finished for the first race. I set the

design to be finished by mid-September. The frame would have to be finished by the end of

October. This deadline was the one that concerned me. I only had two hours per day to work, and

another PowerDrive car being built by another team, and one welder between the two teams. The

car would have to be on wheels and the braking and steering systems would have to be installed

and functioning by the time Christmas break started. I decided all electrical equipment would

have to be mounted and functioning, and the car moving under it’s own power by the end of

January. The bodywork would have to be finished by early to mid-March. That would conclude

the building of the car. The reports and website would be worked on every Friday starting after

Christmas.

The first two weeks of school, which were the last two weeks of August, was a brainstorm and

design period. I drew some ideas of what I wanted my car to look like and took the one I liked

the best. Then I began to draw out blueprints on the design; Measuring out specifications,

calculating frame materials, and creating a final plan for the new S69 with the AutoCAD

computer program.

After these figures were finalized, Coach Randy Bauer ordered my supplies. I opted for 1”

square aluminum tubing over a round design. The square tubing could more easily fabricated

with the TIG welder because it fits together squarely. This makes the fabrication process easier.

Since I would be doing this entire project single-handedly, I decided the easier things were for

me, the better. This stage of the build was finished ahead of schedule.

September 2010

During the first week of September my aluminum for the frame arrived. I used the next week to

cut, bend, and lay out the entire frame, making sure that everything would fit in the car before

fabrication began. The last two weeks of September were used to begin fabricating the frame.

October 2010

The first week of October was used to finish the frame fabrication. Again, this stage was finished

ahead of schedule. After the frame was complete, I mounted the back wheel. I used a flat bar of

aluminum and the plasma cutter to cut notches for forks to mount the rear wheel. Then I mounted

the front axles to the frame and attached the wheel mounts and the wheels. After the wheels were

on I mounted the brake calipers on the car, and ran lines to a pedal controlling both brakes with

one foot. Then I began the installation of the steering system. I was going to originally use a

single tie-rod connecting the two wheels, attached to a pivoting arm, which would be connected

to a set of handlebars. A few simple rolling tests were enough to tell me the handling with this

steering system would be entirely too dangerous. The system was way too touchy at a pushing

speed, and concerned me that I would be risking injury at high speeds. I opted for a rack-and-

pinion steering system with a 3:1 gear ratio, it took a bit wider turn, but it was much safer. I then

built a round steering wheel to use with the rack and pinion to steer the car.

November 2010

At the start of November, I was ready to mount the electrical system for the car. I used spare

brake cable and housing to connect the throttle to a foot pedal. Then I mounted the controller box

and attached the battery cables, with fuses between the lines and the boxes, in case something

were to go wrong, we could save the controller box. I chose to locate the motor closer to the rear

wheel, because we learned last year, with a longer distance from the motor to the rear wheel, the

chain was more prone to fall off, which could be costly in a race. I attached the 5-point harness

to the frame. At this point, the inner workings of the car were complete. The first test drive was

conducted after it could move under it’s own power. I drove the car myself and had a classmate

also drive it so I could observe the car without being in it. This helped me see what needed to be

altered, and help with the success of the car. This stage of the design was nearly two full months

ahead of my planned schedule.

December 2010

The first two weeks of December were devoted to designing the body of the car. I already had a

good idea of what I had planned to do. Using construction paper and tape, I was able to make a

pattern for which to cut the trim coil used for the bodywork on the car. I chose trim coil due to its

lightness. The last week before break was used to attach some of the trim coil to the frame using

1/8” pop rivets.

January 2011

I returned from the break and got right back in the fast lane and kept moving. There was lots of

work to be done, and with one person, time runs out fast. It took me another two weeks to finish

trim coil attachments. I used self-tapping screws to attach the rear cover for the car. This way if

something goes wrong, all I need is a screw gun and the nut drive and the cover can be removed.

February Report 2011 – S69

February brought a very limited amount of time to continue work on the car. Activities took up a

lot of days, and also snow didn’t help my cause any. Bodywork is almost finished. All that is

now needed is a little more sanding the body putty over joints and things to help with

aerodynamics, and paint on the car. My parental consent form has been turned in and I have

registered with the Electrathon America membership that is required to participate at the rallies.

March Report 2011-S69

March was the last month I needed to finish my car. I used nice days to take the car outside and

do the paint job using a paint gun. First I layed down a silver basecoat, and taped off my designs.

Then I laid down the purple outer coat. Lastly I finished by laying down clear coat to make it all

look nice. Then I attached decals from PowerDrive and our sponsor, Dawson Public Power. The

car is now complete.

April Report 2011 – S69

April was used to drive the car and correct what needed to be. We were unable to make it to the

first Hastings race because of state FBLA. So we geared the car for the North Platte race, which

was cancelled. Our first race will be the second race at Hastings.

January Report 2011-S56

The 2010-2011 Power Drive team for S56 consists of two seniors, Cole Pritchard and Garrett

Reese. One of the goals we have set for this year is to make a great Power Drive car that is safe

and follows all the rules and regulations. Last year’s car kept breaking down and gave us lots of

problems, this year we hope to improve and compete for top honors. The second goal is to make

sure that we can make a car that can catch everyone’s eye and also one that performs great too.

The third goal is to make sure that we have fun doing this project. The fourth goal is to have an

injured free year with out having an accident on or off the track. In August, Pleasanton High

School Power Drive Team first started off glancing back at the cars from the past to get ideas for

the 2010 car. We both drew a sketch of what we would like the car to look like. Lots of

brainstorming/problem solving was being performed in this first step of the design process. After

choosing the design we wanted, we went to work. In September, we decided on using both

aluminum round and square tubing to make the frame of the car. We then combined our sketches

to make a car that had both of our ideas in it. We then started to draw it on AutoCad. The frame

was designed and then dimensions were made.In October, we started working on the frame.

This took about four weeks to be efficient. We are using one inch round aluminum pipe stock for

the frame and one inch square tubing for the roll cage. We made a pattern for our roll bar and

then practice bending the tubing until we became proficient. Then we bend the roll bar. The new

design calls for the driver to be in a laying down position.In November, we order parts for the

steering and suspension. We discussed where the front wheels should be located and discussed

terms that are important to the front suspension and wheel set up. The terms that were covered

were caster, camber, toe-out, king pin inclination ackerman angle, and suspension. We looked

for information on the Internet for simple set-ups that we could use on our car. We have used the

Internet for locating all our parts and helping almost every decision we make. In December, we

got the frame and roll cage done. We located the front wheel location and welding in the cross

braces for the rack and pinion.

February Report 2011-S56

February has been a slow month for us with all the school activities. We did most of the work on

the steering and some electrical. The beginning plan was to mount the racket pinion on the

bottom of the car but then we found out it wouldn’t work. We added a bar across the top to

mount the racket pinion. Then we made our tie-rods. Once we got the steering done we started to

mount the components. We also sent in our Electrathon America membership form. We applied

for two cars and this cost us $45. We received a invoice #B0729 and our two authorizes

cards. This is a requirement before we can attend a rally. We are also starting to fill out and

gather our parent consent forms. Our plan for the month of March is to start and finish the body

of our car. We plan to make patterns, templates to help get our body ready for the frame.

March Report 2011-S56

We started working on our body frame. We took poster board and used it to get the right pattern

that we needed. We have to cut out the design with poly carbonate to get the body work done.

We will use self tapping screws to attach our poly carbonate to the frame. We added roll bar to

the front and back of our frame to fit the design of our cover.

Power Drive Competitions that Pleasanton High School

Racing Team will be attending.

April 9 Hastings Time Trial @ Motorsports Park Hastings, NE

April 16 Bulldog Classic @ Memorial Park North Platte, NE

May 7 Power Drive Championships @ Sarpy County Ballpark La Vista, NE

Pleasanton S69 Dimensions

Overall Length 10 feet 2.5 inches

Overall width 3 feet 6 inches

Overall height 2 feet 0 inches

Wheelbase 4 feet 11 inches

Ground Clearance 3 inches

Pleasanton S69 Materials / Cost / Vendor

Quan Size Description Unit Cost Cost Vendor

3 20 x 2.1 Rubber tires $18.99 $56.97 Kearney Cycle

3 20 x 2.1 Rubber tubes $8.97 $26.91 Kearney Cycle

1 20″ Rear rim $70.00 $70.00 Kearney Cycle

2 20mm Front hub $60.00 $120.00 Kearney Cycle

1 54 tooth Drive sproket $25.56 $25.56 Kearney Implement

1 20mm Rear hub $60.00 $60.00 Kearney Cycle

2 20″ Front rims $78.00 156.00 Kearney Cycle

2

Caliper/rotor/ housing $100.00 $200.00 Kearney Cycle

2

Front disc brakes $19.95 $39.90 Kearney Cycle

2 7 feet Brakes cables w/ housing $16.76 $33.52 Kearney Cycle

1

Brake lever $12.00 $12.00 Kearney Cycle

1

2 to 1 brake adapter $15.95 $15.95 Kearney Cycle

1

Rack and pinion steering box $98.00 $98.00 Dan’s performance part

2

Tie rod ends left threads $18.97 $37.94 Dan’s performance part

2

Tie rods ends right threads $18.97 $37.94 Dan’s performance part

2 1/4″ Tie rod shafts $5.00 $10.00 Dan’s performance part

4 1/2″ Red 1/2″ fine threaded eyelets $41.00 $164.00 Dan’s performance part

1 3/4″ Tubing for steering wheel $3.00 $3.00 Kully Pipe and Steel

1

OPPD motor kit $900.00 $900.00 OPPD

Etek motor

$o.oo OPPD

1

Controller box $o.oo $o.oo Evpart.com

Hand throttle

$o.oo OPPD

1

5 point saftey harness $58.95 $58.95 Summit racing

2

Optima Batteries $145.00 $290.00 K & K parts

16 1″ Square alumiunum tubing $2.14 $34.24 Kully Pipe and Steel

3 1″ Round alumiunum tubing $2.65 $7.95 Kully Pipe and Steel

36 3/4″ Round aluminum tubing $2.54 $91.44 Kully Pipe and Steel

5 1″x1/4″ Flat aluminum $1.19 $5.95 Kully Pipe and Steel

3 1″x1/8″ Flat aluminum $o.80 $2.40 Kully Pipe and Steel

1 1″x1″ Angle aluminum $1.51 $1.51 Kully Pipe and Steel

1 1/8″ Aluminum rivets $4.89 $4.89 Builders Warehouse

4 1/2″ Aluminum plate forks $4.95 $19.80 Kully Pipe and Steel

.75 roll Aluminum trim coil $93.75 $70.31 Builders Warehouse

1 40″ Battery cables $26.70 $26.70 Nichols repair

4

Foam padding $1.64 $6.56 Builders Warehouse

1 #6 Hex self-tapping screws $7.09 $7.09 Builders Warehouse

1

Disconnect switch $52.49 $52.49 K&K Parts

3

Decal set $27.50 $82.50 Pleasanton High School

1

U-joint for steering $23.00 $23.00 Dan’s performance part

1 200 Amp fuse $16.97 $16.97 Napa

1 15 Amp fuse $0.75 $0.75 Napa

1

Primer $30.00 $30.00 Napa

1

Basecoat red $25.00 $25.00 Napa

1

Basecoat white $25.00 $25.00 Napa

1

Clearcoat $50.00 $50.00 Napa

1

Micro switch for brakes $4.59 $4.59 Pleasanton Irrigation

1 8′ Electrical wire for brake light $5.99 $5.99 Napa

2 4 x 8 x .030 clear polycarbonate $37.44 $89.88 Midwest Plastics, Inc Omaha

1

Plastic zip tires $3.00 $3.00 Napa

2

Mirrors $6.99 $13.98 Kearney Cycle

1 LED Brake light $12.95 $12.95 Napa

Total

$3131.58

Quantity Item Weight

1 Etek motor w/ sprocket 22.1 lbs

1 Controller 4.2 lbs

1 Rear wheel, sprocket & chain 8.1 lbs

2 2 front wheels, brakes, axle & steering 29.3 lbs

2 2 optima batteries 67.3 lbs

1 Electrical wire/ switches/ cables/ ends 3 lbs

1 Rack & pinion 11 lbs

1 5 point safety harness 4.5 lbs

1 Estimated frame, cables, switches, etc 38.5 lbs

1 Driver 180 lbs

1 sub-total 185 lbs

1 total weight 365 lbs

******

Capacities

Passenger capacity Operator only

Maximum weight capacity 250 lbs. (no cargo or accessories

allowed)

Electric Motor Specifications

Voltage 50 V.D.C

Maximum no loaded current 6.5 amp

Maximum no loaded speed 3700 rpm

Minimum no loaded speed 3300 rpm

Minimum speed at 160 LBIN 3100 rpm

Maximum current at 160 LBIN 148 amp

Peak eff. 88%

Lights

5 LED red frame bolt lights for brake

lights 12v

Fuses

1 brake fuse 15 amp

2 main fuses 200 amp

Gear Ratio Calculations Drive Train

Drive gear 18 teeth

Wheel gear 54 teeth

Chain size #35

Rear wheel circumference 65 inches

Rear wheel diameter 20 inches

Motor rpm 1600

Ratio = wheel gear/drive gear 54/18 = 3 to 1

Rpm/ratio = axle rpm 1600/3 = 533.3

Axle rpm • circumference = inches per

minute 533.3 • 65 = 34666.6

Inches per minute/per minute 34666.6/12 = 2888.8

Feet per minute • 60 = feet per hour 2888.8 • 60 = 17333

Feet per hour/mile = miles per hour 17333/5280 = 32.8


Drive gear 19 teeth

Wheel gear 54 teeth

Chain size #35



Motor rpm 1600

Ratio=wheel gear/drive gear 54/19=2.8 to 1

Rpm/ratio=axle rpm 1600/2.8=571.4

Axle rpm • circumference=inches per

minute 571.4•65=37141

Inches per minute/per minute 37141/12=3095.1

Feet per minute • 60=feet per hour 3095.1 • 60=18705

Feet per hour/miles per hour 185705/5280=35.2


Drive gear 26 teeth

Wheel gear 54 teeth

Chain size #35



Motor rpm 1600

Ratio = wheel gear/drive gear 54/26 = 2.1 to 1

Rpm/ratio = axle rpm 1600/2.1 = 761.9


minute 761.9 • 65 =49523.8

Inches per minute/per minute 49523.8/12 = 4127

Feet per minute • 60 = feet per hour 4127 • 60 = 247619.1

Feet per hour/mile = miles per hour 247619.1/5280 = 46.9

Batteries

Optima SC25A

CC A 720

CA 910

Weight 33.2 lbs

Gear Ratio Rack & Pinion Steering

Pinion will travel 3/4 of a turn from center

to lock

Rack will travel 2-1/2″ from center to lock

***

Pleasanton S56 Dimensions

Overall Length 10 feet

Overall width 3 feet 5 inches

Overall height 2 feet 0 inches

Wheelbase 5 feet 8 inches

Ground Clearance 5 inches

Pleasanton S56 Materials / Cost / Vendor

Quan Size Description Unit Cost Cost Vendor

3 20 x 2.1 Rubber tires $18.99 $56.97 Kearney Cycle

3 20 x 2.1 Rubber tubes $8.97 $26.91 Kearney Cycle

1 20″ Rear rim $70.00 $70.00 Kearney Cycle

2 20mm Front hub $60.00 $120.00 Kearney Cycle

1 54 tooth Drive sproket $25.56 $25.56 Kearney Implement

1 20mm Rear hub $60.00 $60.00 Kearney Cycle

2 20″ Front rims $78.00 156.00 Kearney Cycle

2

Caliper/rotor/ housing $100.00 $200.00 Kearney Cycle

2

Front disc brakes $19.95 $39.90 Kearney Cycle

2 7 feet Brakes cables w/ housing $16.76 $33.52 Kearney Cycle

1

Brake lever $12.00 $12.00 Kearney Cycle

1

2 to 1 brake adapter $15.95 $15.95 Kearney Cycle

1

Rack and pinion steering box $98.00 $98.00 Dan’s performance part

2

Tie rod ends left threads $18.97 $37.94 Dan’s performance part

2

Tie rods ends right threads $18.97 $37.94 Dan’s performance part

2 1/4″ Tie rod shafts $5.00 $10.00 Dan’s performance part

4 1/2″ Red 1/2″ fine threaded eyelets $41.00 $164.00 Dan’s performance part

1 3/4″ Tubing for steering wheel $3.00 $3.00 Kully Pipe and Steel

1

OPPD motor kit $900.00 $900.00 OPPD

Etek motor

$o.oo OPPD

1

Controller box $o.oo $o.oo Evpart.com

Hand throttle

$o.oo OPPD

1

5 point saftey harness $58.95 $58.95 Summit racing

2

Optima Batteries $145.00 $290.00 K & K parts

16 1″ Square alumiunum tubing $2.14 $34.24 Kully Pipe and Steel

3 1″ Round alumiunum tubing $2.65 $7.95 Kully Pipe and Steel

36 3/4″ Round aluminum tubing $2.54 $91.44 Kully Pipe and Steel

5 1″x1/4″ Flat aluminum $1.19 $5.95 Kully Pipe and Steel

3 1″x1/8″ Flat aluminum $o.80 $2.40 Kully Pipe and Steel

1 1″x1″ Angle aluminum $1.51 $1.51 Kully Pipe and Steel

1 1/8″ Aluminum rivets $4.89 $4.89 Builders Warehouse

4 1/2″ Aluminum plate forks $4.95 $19.80 Kully Pipe and Steel

.75 roll Aluminum trim coil $93.75 $70.31 Builders Warehouse

1 40″ Battery cables $26.70 $26.70 Nichols repair

4

Foam padding $1.64 $6.56 Builders Warehouse

1 #6 Hex self-tapping screws $7.09 $7.09 Builders Warehouse

1

Disconnect switch $52.49 $52.49 K&K Parts

3

Decal set $27.50 $82.50 Pleasanton High School

1

U-joint for steering $23.00 $23.00 Dan’s performance part

1 200 Amp fuse $16.97 $16.97 Napa

1 15 Amp fuse $0.75 $0.75 Napa

1

Primer $30.00 $30.00 Napa

1

Basecoat red $25.00 $25.00 Napa

1

Basecoat white $25.00 $25.00 Napa

1

Clearcoat $50.00 $50.00 Napa

1

Micro switch for brakes $4.59 $4.59 Pleasanton Irrigation

1 8′ Electrical wire for brake light $5.99 $5.99 Napa

2 4 x 8 x .030 clear polycarbonate $37.44 $89.88 Midwest Plastics, Inc Omaha

1

Plastic zip tires $3.00 $3.00 Napa

2

Mirrors $6.99 $13.98 Kearney Cycle

1 LED Brake light $12.95 $12.95 Napa

Total

$3131.58

1 Etek motor w/ sprocket 22.1 lbs

1 Controller 4.2 lbs

1 Rear wheel, sprocket & chain 8.1 lbs

2 2 front wheels, brakes, axle & steering 29.3 lbs

2 2 optima batteries 67.3 lbs

1 Electrical wire/ switches/ cables/ ends 3 lbs

1 Rack & pinion 11 lbs

1 5 point safety harness 4.5 lbs

1 Estimated frame, cables, switches, etc 38.5 lbs

1 Driver 180 lbs

1 sub-total 185 lbs

1 total weight 365 lbs

Capacities

Passenger capacity Operator only

Maximum weight capacity 250 lbs. (no cargo or accessories

allowed)

Electric Motor Specifications

Voltage 50 V.D.C

Maximum no loaded current 6.5 amp

Maximum no loaded speed 3700 rpm

Minimum no loaded speed 3300 rpm

Minimum speed at 160 LBIN 3100 rpm

Maximum current at 160 LBIN 148 amp

Peak eff. 88%

Lights

5 LED red frame bolt lights for brake lights 12v

Fuses

1 brake fuse 15 amp

2 main fuses 200 amp


Drive gear 18 teeth

Wheel gear 54 teeth

Chain size #35



Motor rpm 1600

Ratio = wheel gear/drive gear 54/18 = 3 to 1

Rpm/ratio = axle rpm 1600/3 = 533.3


minute 533.3 • 65 = 34666.6

Inches per minute/per minute 34666.6/12 = 2888.8

Feet per minute • 60 = feet per hour 2888.8 • 60 = 17333

Feet per hour/mile = miles per hour 17333/5280 = 32.8


Drive gear 19 teeth

Wheel gear 54 teeth

Chain size #35



Motor rpm 1600

Ratio=wheel gear/drive gear 54/19=2.8 to 1

Rpm/ratio=axle rpm 1600/2.8=571.4

Axle rpm • circumference=inches per

minute 571.4•65=37141

Inches per minute/per minute 37141/12=3095.1

Feet per minute • 60=feet per hour 3095.1 • 60=18705

Feet per hour/miles per hour 185705/5280=35.2


Drive gear 26 teeth

Wheel gear 54 teeth

Chain size #35



Motor rpm 1600

Ratio = wheel gear/drive gear 54/26 = 2.1 to 1

Rpm/ratio = axle rpm 1600/2.1 = 761.9


minute 761.9 • 65 =49523.8

Inches per minute/per minute 49523.8/12 = 4127

Feet per minute • 60 = feet per hour 4127 • 60 = 247619.1

Feet per hour/mile = miles per hour 247619.1/5280 = 46.9

Batteries

Optima SC25A

CC A 720

CA 910

Weight 33.2 lbs

Gear Ratio Rack & Pinion Steering

Pinion will travel 3/4 of a turn from center to

lock

Rack will travel 2-1/2″ from center to lock

*******

http://content.screencast.com/users/ranbauer/folders/Jing/media/6fe6e14c-2e95-4c10-bc19-34d06b18263d/00000005.png



Pleasanton High School Racing S69

P.O. Box

Pleasanton, NE 68866

http://blog.pleasanton.k12.ne.us/powerdrive/

[email protected]

January 26, 2011

Pleasanton Board of Education

P.O. Box 190


Dear Board of Education:

Thank you for all the assistance you have provided to us here at Pleasanton High School. Our

Power & Energy Class has been enriched by your support and dedication in keeping students

enrolled in vocational classes. The rallies we attend help promote our school and community.

Our success in the past reflects our students abilities to be compete with all schools who are

involved with Power Drive.

Again, thank you so much. We sincerely appreciate your generosity.

Best Regards,

Pleasanton High School Racing Team S69

Cole Pritchard

January 26th, 2010 at 11:03 | #2

Reply | Quote


mailto:[email protected]

http://pleasanton.k12.ne.us/powerdrive/thank-yous/#comment-4



P.O. Box 190


January 26, 2011

Steve Anderson

OPPD

444 South 16 Street Mall

Elkhorn Service Center-3

Omaha, NE 68102-2247

Dear Mr. Anderson:

Thank you for all the assistance you have provided to the Pleasanton High School. Our Power

and Energy class has been enriched by your support and dedication in keeping students interested

in the program. The rallies that you have helped put on help promote our school and community.

The success we have had in the past reflects our students abilities to compete with other schools

involved in Power Drive.

Again, thank you so much. We sincerely appreciate your generosity

Best Regards,


Garrett Reese

January 26th, 2010 at 11:07 | #3

Reply | Quote

Pleasanton High School Racing

P.O. Box 190



[email protected]

January 26, 2011

Marsha Banzhaf

Dawson Public Power District

75191 RD 433

Lexington, NE 68850

Dear Mrs. Banzhaf:




Thank you for all the assistance you have provided to us here at Pleasanton High School. Our

Power & Energy Class would like to thank you for the $600 donation that you gave us. We will

advertise for DPPD on our two race cars. This will help our students be able to compete with all

schools who are involved with Power Drive.


Best Regards,


Ridge Neal

January 26th, 2010 at 11:16 | #4

Reply | Quote


P.O. Box



[email protected]

January 26, 2011

Hand’s Machining

110 N Pine


Dear Mr hand:

Thank you for all the assistance you have provided to us here at Pleasanton High School. Thank

you for the materials and labor that was used to make our motor mount. We want to especially

thank Reese Shafto for producing a quality part that will be used on our Power Drive car this

year.


Best Regards,



January 26th, 2010 at 11:18 | #5





Reply | Quote

Kearney Raceway

1460 Imperial Road

Kearney, NE 68847

Dear Mr. Simmons:

Thank you for all the assistance you have provided to us here at Pleasanton High School. We

want to thank you for sponsoring the Power Drive Rally at Kearney Raceway. The students

spend a lot of time and effort into making this electrical cars. It is great to have a place to race

them and gather data that will help improve the car for the following rallies.


Best Regards,



January 26th, 2010 at 11:26 | #6

Reply | Quote


P.O. Box



[email protected]

January 26, 2011

MPH, LLC

PO Box 1341

Hastings, NE 68902-1341

Dear Mr. Brown,

We want to thank you for sponsoring the Power Drive Rally at Hasting Motorsport Raceway.

These rallies we attend help promote Power Drive and the students who design and build these

cars. It is nice to have a rally in central Nebraska. We encourage you to keep sponsoring Power

Drive in the future.






Best Regards,


Rules

Competition Criteria & Classes

Criteria Qualification for Power Drive

® State Championship

In order to qualify for the Power Drive State Championship a team must first

participate in one of the recognized preliminary events. See the Calendar section for

a list of those events. The vehicle must pass the safety inspection and complete at

least one lap of the endurance rally to be considered a participant. If a car is not able

to qualify for competition at the state finals via the required preliminary event

participation, that team may apply for a waiver to run in the exhibition class at the

state finals. It will not be competing for points.

Scoring

The following scoring criteria will be used for the Power Drive State Championship

event. Scoring at preliminary and summer events will be at the discretion of event

organizers. Some events may include only an endurance rally. Points accumulated at

these events do not affect or carryover to the Championship event.

Documentation

The entire documentation portion of the competition is worth a total of 300 possible

points.

Each team will submit four progress reports on the project. These reports will

describe the overall progress and accomplishments to date for each vehicle. They

should be posted on the team's website. The team will supply a link to the website to

Power Drive (Sharon Jefferson of OPPD, 444 So. 16th St. Mall, Omaha, NE 68102,

or [email protected]). The first report is due at the end of January 2012 (reports

posted prior to that date are encouraged, but will not be scored). The subsequent

reports are due by the last days of February, March and April. Teams will receive 25

points for each month (January through April) in which they post an updated report.

Each vehicle (team) will also document the entire project. Particular attention is to

be given to recording the vehicle's design and construction. This material is to be

sent to Mr. Jeff Hanson of OPPD (444 So. 16th

St. Mall, Omaha, NE 68102) and

arrive no later than Friday, April 21, 2012. Retain a copy of the documentation for

your own use during the inspection periods. The documentation should be kept up-

to-date at all times and contain discussion notes, calculations, photos, drawings and

test results. The documentation should include correspondence, news stories,

information about fundraising efforts (donor names etc.), community support, school

and general publicity, student, faculty, community involvement, and anything that


would help describe the efforts involved in building the vehicle. Additional

documentation in the form of video/audio tapes and CD's is required of the

Advanced Class teams. Multi-media documentation of Standard Class teams will not

be judged. Approved alternative media forms are: Audio Cassette Tape, VHS Video

Tape, PowerPoint® and Video CD ROM disc. The multi-media documentation

should be a marketing presentation aimed at potential sponsors, seeking donations of

material, cash, or services. The presentation should be no longer than five (5)

minutes.

Judging on the final report will be based on completeness of content, journalistic

quality, effort and neatness. This portion of documentation is worth 200 possible

points.

Braking

All vehicles will be tested on braking efficiency from cruising speed. From a

running start (approximately 15 mph), the drivers will be signaled to stop the vehicle

in as short a distance as possible. The vehicle must be kept under control and within

certain boundaries during the stop. Uncontrolled stops will not count as legitimate

attempts. Stopping distance and initial speed will be factored into the determination

of braking efficiency. Each vehicle will be allowed two runs, with the average of the

two being used to determine the score. Vehicles will be ranked and awarded points

accordingly.

The brakes must be capable of holding the vehicle stationary when being pushed by

one person.

The braking portion of the competition is worth 100 possible points.

Maneuverability

A slalom course consisting of five (5) cones, spaced 25 feet apart will be run out and

back, by each vehicle from a standing start. Points will be awarded based on the time

to complete the course. Five (5) penalty seconds will be assessed for each cone

struck. Ten (10) penalty seconds will be assessed for each cone knocked over. Five

(5) penalty seconds will be assessed for each time a wheel leaves the ground. A

rollover will require the vehicle to undergo a new qualification inspection and may

result in disqualification from that day's competition. Teams are strongly encouraged

to practice this maneuver prior to competition so that the vehicle's stability

characteristics are known.

NOTE: Separate battery packs may be used for the Braking/Maneuverability

competitions and the pre-race activities. The vehicle must be in the same body

configuration (all body coverings in place) for braking and maneuverability as

it is when starting the endurance competition.

The maneuverability portion of the competition is worth 100 possible points. The

vehicle must be in the same body configuration (all body coverings in place) for

braking and maneuverability as it is when starting the endurance competition.

Design and Construction Evaluation

Three independent judges will grade each vehicle on:

1. Quality and durability of construction

2. Engineering design principles utilized

3. Effective use of materials

4. Overall road worthiness of the vehicle

5. Creativity in design and construction

The design and construction evaluation is worth 100 possible points.

Endurance

This portion of the competition is worth 600 possible points.

During this portion of the competition, vehicles will be required to run on a track for

a period of one hour. At the end of one hour, the total number of completed laps will

be counted. Only completed laps will be counted. The winner of this phase of the

competition will be the vehicle that has completed the most laps.

Race officials will clear from the track any vehicles experiencing a breakdown or

loss of power. That portion of the lap will not count toward the team's total. If the car

returns to the track, it must do so from the pit area and will begin from the last

complete lap total.

A vehicle that enters the pit area under its own power will be considered to have

completed a lap. If the vehicle does not enter the pits under its own power, the last

lap is not considered complete. At a point between 20 minutes and 40 minutes into

the competition, a pit stop and driver change is mandatory. Teams that can only

field one driver will sit in the pit for 45 seconds to simulate a driver change.

Except for the battery pack, no modifications may be made to the vehicle between

inspection and competitions. Flat tires and other mechanical failures may be

repaired, but only with like components. Gear ratios, steering ratios, and wheels/tires

may not be changed between competition phases.

The endurance rally is worth 600 possible points.

Overall Winner

Total competition points available - 1200

The overall winner will be the team (vehicle) that accumulates the most points from

Documentation, Braking, Maneuverability, Design and Construction Evaluation, and

Endurance. See the Awards section for other planned recognition.

CLASSES

Power Drive® has instituted a multi-class competition due to the number of

participants and the variety of experience and skill levels involved. The defining

criteria for these classes are listed below:

Novice Class:

Power Drive has instituted a new class for 2009. The Novice Class is

identical to the Standard Class (see below) in all aspects except that to be

entered in this class, a car cannot have won a trophy at any Power Drive

sanctioned endurance rally.

The Novice Class is an endurance rally classification only. These cars will

compete along side the regular Standard Class cars in braking,

maneuverability and design/engineering.

A car that receives a trophy in the Novice Class at a preliminary event (i.e.

Hastings, Lincoln, Columbus, etc.) will automatically be promoted to the

Standard Class at the next event entered. The team will change the letter

designation of the car from "N" to "S".

Standard Class:

The basic frame, roll bar and axle assembly can not be carried over from a

previous car, i.e., this vehicle must be a first year car.

The frame and roll bar construction must utilize the type and grade material

described in the Power Drive Rules and Regulations.

The vehicle must utilize the "starter kit" as supplied by Power Drive.The

value of a starter kit is now considered $900.

Vehicle must utilize belt or chain drives (no direct or fluid drive

mechanisms).

No multi-speed transmissions permitted.

No regenerative braking systems permitted.

No solar panel recharging permitted.

$3300 spending limit on the car.

Advanced Class:

Chassis must have a fully enclosed body except for driver entry and egress.

All frame components, drive line systems, and the driver's body must be

enclosed within the body shell. Open cockpit designs are acceptable. Wheels

and tires need not be enclosed.

Alternative frame designs must document demonstrated equivalent resisting

bending moment to the materials described in the Rules and Regulations.

Except for communications devices and small, bicycle type speedometers, no

accessory batteries are permitted.

The team must submit "multi-media" documentation (paper, VHS video tape,

video CD-ROM, CD PowerPoint®, audio cassette).

No tiller or handlebar steering designs are allowed, but two handle tie-rod

systems are acceptable.

For carryover vehicles: Two of the major systems (frame, electronics,

steering, brakes, body, suspension, motor/drive line, and wheels) must be

substantially changed and documented from the previous year's competition.

A vehicle may compete in the Advanced Class for no more than two seasons.

Multi-speed transmissions are no longer allowed in Advanced Class.


Exhibition Class:

Open to teams composed of post- secondary students.

Open to teams constructing vehicles that pass the safety inspection, but do

not strictly comply with the rules of competition.

High school students entering a vehicle in this class will be considered

"participants" for Power Drive Scholarship application purposes.

No points will be awarded in this classification.

Teams are not required to submit documentation of the project.

Rules & Regulations The following rules and regulations govern the design, construction and

operation of all Power Drive® vehicles. The rules were developed for the safety

of the participants and must be followed by all participants.

Batteries Batteries must be lead acid only. Only batteries that will not leak if punctured, such

as gel cell or AGM (Absorptive Glass Mat) will be allowed to participate. Battery

number and voltage is not limited, but must meet specified weight limits, or must be

the accepted battery types listed. Batteries must display all original manufacturers'

labels. Batteries must be commercially retailed and available to any competitor.

Custom built or specialized batteries are not allowed. Batteries must be stock and

unmodified in any way, and meet all conditions of the manufacturer's written

warranty.

Total battery weight can not exceed 67 pounds including any batteries used for

motor controllers, contacts, relays, solenoids, instrumentation, computers, etc.

Batteries used for two-way communications devices are not included in the total

battery weight. Note: Many batteries advertised by the manufacturer as weighing 31

to 33 lbs. actually weigh in excess of 34 lbs. when prepared for use. It is suggested

that arrangements be made in advance with your suppliers to return batteries that

don't meet this requirement. Non-compliant batteries will not be allowed to compete

for points.

Due to their construction and power ratings, the following batteries will be allowed,

regardless of weight:

Optima SC25A, SC35A, Optima SC75/35 (side and top post) Optima 75u, 75/25

Odyssey Genesis G42 (VP, VPX, EP, EPX)

MK 40

Exide Orbital Model 75/35

Champion Vortex 75/35

In addition, any commercial gel-cell or AGM battery with a manufacturer's rating of

45 amp-hr or less and a cold cranking (0 degrees F.) capacity of 720 CCA or less

may be considered by rules officials. Any team wanting to use a battery pack in

excess of 67 pounds that is not on the list above, must get it pre-approved by

contacting Steve Anderson (402-403-8134

begin_of_the_skype_highlighting 402-403-

8134 end_of_the_skype_highlighting or [email protected]).

Batteries of vehicles are weighed at the beginning of each competition and whenever

new batteries are introduced to a vehicle. In addition, batteries are subject to being

weighed randomly - or at the discretion of track officials at any time at each rally.

Batteries mounted within the confines of the frame rails do not have to be

mounted in a protective "box". The batteries must be securely fastened to the

frame using bolts and/or clamps. Bungee cords are not sufficient. Drive

batteries mounted outside of the frame rails must be enclosed in a rigid box or

other structure that will protect them from puncture. The design of the battery

box shall be non-conductive, or if made with conductive materials, shall assure

that the battery terminals cannot contact the conductive material. All batteries

must be securely attached to the vehicle in such a manner as to withstand an

impact or roll-over. All battery terminals to be covered with rubber or plastic

grommets to protect from accidental contact.

Drive batteries must be enclosed in a rigid box or other structure that will protect the

batteries from puncture. The box must be securely fastened to the frame using bolts

and/or clamps and the batteries must be held firmly in place within the box so they

cannot move around within the box. The design of the battery box shall be non-

conductive, or if made with conductive materials, shall assure that the battery

terminals cannot contact the conductive material. Batteries must be securely attached

to the vehicle in such a manner to withstand an impact or roll-over. Battery terminals

to be covered with rubber or plastic grommets to protect from accidental contact.

Batteries may not be remotely recharged or replaced once the endurance competition

has begun.

Batteries used for the braking and maneuverability portions of the competition do

not need to comply with the weight restrictions of this section.

A Power Drive Advisory Committee member will be allowed to pre-certify

competition batteries at the school prior to the competitions. If a team chooses to

have this done, they should contact their committee advisor to arrange for this. If a

battery, which has been pre-certified, is replaced during the season, it will have to be

re-certified.

Electrical System

All vehicles must have fusing or a circuit breaker between the motor and battery. A

master disconnect switch(es) or circuit breaker must be accessible by both the driver

and by meet officials during the competition. The disconnect switch, or pull cord for

the disconnect switch that is accessible to the meet officials, must be mounted on the

outer part of the roll bar assembly near the driver’s shoulder level (or higher) and

clearly marked with a red (or red outlined in white), equilateral triangle with four

inch sides. The driver’s disconnect switch shall be mounted where he/she can

operate it from the driving positions. The Driver’s switch can either be a separate

device or the same as the device for the race officials. The driver will be asked to

demonstrate its use during the vehicle inspection.

All electrically powered accessories must also be fused or protected by circuit

breaker.

Motor power must be designed so that the motor(s) turn off automatically if the

driver releases the throttle.

Wiring must be of suitable size so that the fuse or breaker will blow before the cable

insulation can melt. Wiring should be neat, well insulated and securely tied to the

frame. All wiring must be kept clear of moving parts and protected from chafing.

The vehicle frame may not be used as a conductor for any part of the electrical

system.

A maximum of one square meter of solar cells is allowed on Power Drive® vehicles

entered in the Advanced Class competition. (The one square meter maximum refers

to actual cell area and does not include area between the cells.) The cells must be

safely attached to the body of the vehicle in such a manner that they do not protrude

from the front, sides or rear, endangering others.

Wheels and Axles

Vehicles must have a minimum of three load-bearing wheels in contact with the

ground at all times. Plastic BMX type wheels are not recommended, since they

generally cannot withstand the side loads experienced in the maneuverability

and endurance competitions.

The wheels and axles must be strong enough to withstand the test for braking,

maneuvering, and endurance competitions.

Wheels must be covered if they could endanger the driver.

Axles must be a minimum diameter of 12mm or 1/2-inch unless supported at both

ends. Safety wire or cotter pins must be used to secure cantilevered wheel axle nuts.

Nylon lock nuts alone are not acceptable. A one-time variance will be allowed using

double nuts for teams that forget this requirement. The nuts must be installed in the

presence of an instructor and an inspector.

Tires

Vehicle ground clearance must exceed the sidewall height of the tire to keep the

vehicle off the ground in the event of a flat tire.

Steering

Minimum standards apply to steering system components. Steering arms, rod ends,

wire rope, ball joints, and all associated hardware serving to mount any steering

elements must be equivalent - or greater - in strength than 1/4-inch diameter steel

rod. Documentation for the vehicle must show the strength verification/calculation

for steering components and team members should be able to describe the process

used for that verification/calculation at vehicle inspections. Kingpins must be made

of material that is as strong as or stronger than a 3/8-inch solid steel rod.

Vehicles must have a minimum turning radius of no more than 25 feet.

Fasteners used to connect ALL steering related components must be pinned or

safety wired.(The same one-time variance for double nuts allowed.)

Brakes

All vehicles must have mechanical or hydraulic brakes. Vehicles must have brakes

on at least two wheels that are "on the same axle" (either both front or both rear

wheels). Hand operated brakes must allow full application without taking the

driver’s hands off the steering devices(s). Brakes that use an additional ground

contacting mechanism are not allowed because of the possibility of adversely

affecting the stability of the vehicle.

Effective braking will be checked before the endurance phase of the competition. A

“push-test” will be conducted on all vehicles immediately before the start of each

endurance competition.

Brakes must be able to stop the vehicle in a straight line without locking the wheels.

Regenerative braking is permitted in addition to conventional brakes on vehicles

competing in the Advanced Class.

The brakes must be capable of holding the vehicle stationary while being pushed by

one person.

Lighting

All Power Drive® vehicles must be equipped with a clearly visible brake light that is

activated automatically whenever the brakes are applied.

The brake light should be easily seen by a following vehicle and have a minimum

visible area of 4 square inches.

Drive Train All chains, gears, etc. must be guarded/covered to minimize exposure of personnel to

“pinch-points” at the pulley/sprocket. The guard shall be designed such that no

driver can reach out and get a hand or finger into the chain at any point. The

guard/cover shall also serve as damage and injury protection for slipped or broken

belts/chains. Fully enclosed body sections fulfill this requirement if there is a barrier

between the driver and the chain. The vehicle must be rendered inoperable whenever

the guard/cover is removed for access to the chain/belt.

Gear ratios may not be changed once the vehicle starts competition for the day. The

same gear ratio must be used for all of the events. There will be no multi-speed

transmissions on any competing Power Drive® vehicle.

Mirrors and Vision

All vehicles must have at least one functional rear view mirror (two

recommended) - with a total mirror area of no less than eight square inches. The

mirror(s) must provide a 120 degree field of vision to the rear (without manual

adjustment). Field should extend 60 degrees on each side of centerline from the rear

of the vehicle. Documentation should show testing and verification. Team members

will be asked to demonstrate effectiveness or answer questions on testing.

The driver must have at least 270 degrees of unobstructed vision of the track, not

including vision of the track seen through mirrors. Vision obstructed by frame

members is an exception to this rule.

Inspections

Each vehicle will be inspected before it is allowed to participate in the endurance

phase of the Power Drive® competition. Each team should furnish a "Student Car

Captain" to accompany the vehicle through the inspection process to answer

questions about the vehicle and its construction.

All vehicles that have been subsequently modified must be presented for re-

inspection prior to participating in any Power Drive® endurance rally.

Vehicles that do not conform to Power Drive® regulations or that have failed to pass

all of the inspection phases of the competition will not be allowed to compete for

points. Units that do not comply with the safety related regulations will not

participate in the track events. A vehicle that has not been allowed to participate in

preliminary events because it did not meet requirements, may obtain a waiver to

participate in the State Championships IF the non-compliance has been corrected.

Drivers who cannot demonstrate compliance with Power Drive® regulations will not

be allowed to participate. (Drivers must present and have on their person a valid

driver's license at each competition.)

Inspections may be arranged prior to the day of the competition - if desired. This is

advisable for first-time participants or if vehicle modifications are made between

competitions so those unexpected items of noncompliance do not force the vehicle

out of competition. These pre-competition inspections do not replace competition

day inspections.

The purpose of the inspection phase of the competition is to judge the safety

(construction, braking and stability) of the vehicle prior to the endurance phase of

the competition. Modifications to a vehicle's components, such as changing gear

ratios, installing different wheels, etc., could significantly alter a vehicle's

performance characteristics and make it unsafe. For these reasons, changes to a

vehicle's components between the inspection and endurance phases of a competition

will not be allowed; however, components can be replaced with like components if

necessary, e.g., breakdown, flat tire, etc.

The winner of the rally competition in each class will be subject to a post-event

inspection, immediately following the heat.

Chassis/Frame

All vehicles must have frame members and padding that protect the driver in the

event of collisions from any direction. The minimum size of such frame members

will be:

1-inch O.D. round, or 1-inch square tubing with:

0.0625-inch (16-gauge) wall thickness for mild-steel

0.058-inch wall thickness for 4130 chrome moly, and

0.083-inch wall thickness for aluminum

¾ inch (nominal) rigid conduit with:

.0625 wall thickness for steel

For extra support, used in triangulation, 3/4-inch O.D. round, or 3/4-inch square

tubing may be used with:

0.0625-inch (16-gauge) wall thickness for mild-steel

0.058-inch wall thickness for 4130 chrome moly, and


Frames constructed of other materials are allowed on Advanced Class vehicles

providing it is demonstrated and documented that the alternative material(s) or

methods provide equal or greater structural strength and protection/safety. It is

important to remember that you need to document the calculations and/or testing of

alternative frames.

Padding must be installed to prevent injury from contacting the frame members in

the event of an accident. Padding must be at least 1/2-inch thick and made of closed-

cell foam.

Driver must not be positioned with his/her head in front of torso, knees, and legs.

This rule is designed to minimize injury in case of a crash.

Impact Protection Each vehicle shall have structural members at the front of the vehicle that act as a

barrier, or bumper, to protect the feet of the driver and to help prevent intrusion into

another vehicle in the event of contact. The minimum dimension of these structural

members shall be eight (8) inches in the horizontal and eight (8) inches in the

vertical dimensions. Blunt aerodynamic fairings may be used in front of the

structural members to enhance airflow. The barrier must be made of materials that

meet the minimum standards for frame components. This rule applies to vehicles

with a single front steer wheel as well.

Roll Cage

Frame members on the side of the vehicles shall be designed to help ensure that

another vehicle cannot intrude into the driver's compartment in the event of contact.

Therefore, the maximum open space between frame/reinforcing members must be

less than 6 inches. That is, a 6-inch diameter sphere should not pass through any of

the frame openings. Side impact protection must extend up to the highest level of the

driver's shoulder. All of the driver's extremities must be contained within the roll

cage during operation. Cars where the driver's arms or legs are not completely

protected will not be allowed to compete. Monocoque frame cars must be

constructed of materials sufficient to protect the driver in the event of a side impact.

That determination will be made by the PowerDrive Advisory Committee (seek

ruling before beginning construction). Cars that competed in the Standard Class in

2005/2006 will be allowed to retain their current configuration for one season.

The roll cage must extend high enough to provide a 2-inch space cushion above any

body part of the largest driver. This is determined by drawing a straight line from the

top of the roll cage to the next lowest support point on the vehicle frame that is

capable of supporting the vehicle in the event of a rollover. The front wheels of the

vehicle are not considered to be strong enough to be the next-lowest support point.

The center of the driver’s helmet must be positioned directly below the roll bar.

The roll cage must be cross-braced to the chassis, forward and rearward from a point

that is no more than three inches vertically from the top of the roll cage. The forward

bracing shall form a protective cage around the driver and be designed to protect the

driver from side/front impact injury. Placing a straight edge across the front roll

cage braces and running it down and forward, the edge must not touch the

helmet, face-shield or other body part of the driver. The cage must be made of

tubing that meets the minimum standards for frame/bracing components.

An inspection hole, at least 1/8-inch in diameter must be drilled in a non-critical area

of the roll cage to permit inspector confirmation of the wall thickness.

Padding must be installed to prevent the driver's head or upper torso (waist

up) from being injured when contacting the roll cage in the event of an

accident. Padding must be at least 1/2-inch thick and made from closed-cell foam.

All parts of the driver shall be completely inside of the frame cage at all times when

in the normal driving position.

Roll cages (Advanced class cars only) constructed of other materials may be allowed

if it can be demonstrated that the alternative material(s) provide equal or greater

structural strength and protection/safety.

Any questions regarding frame/roll cage compliance should be addressed by

contacting the Advisory Committee (402) 552-4960

begin_of_the_skype_highlighting (402) 552-

4960 end_of_the_skype_highlighting well before the first event.

Stability

All vehicles must demonstrate inherent stability at rest, while cornering, braking and

cruising at top speed.

Head Restraint

A head restraint, capable of withstanding a force of 100 pounds or greater in the

rearward direction, is required to prevent whiplash. Padding must be installed to

prevent the driver from being injured from contacting the head-restraint structural

elements in the event of an accident.

Seat Belts

All vehicles must be equipped, at a minimum, with a five-point safety harness

similar to those used in racing stock cars and aerobatic aircraft. The harness/lap belt

strapping is to be at least two inches in width and the harness set must be

commercially available and installed in the vehicle in accordance with

manufacturer’s instructions. Installation compliance must be included in the vehicle

documentation. The harness shall be equipped with a quick release to allow easy exit

from the vehicle.

Body

The maximum overall length of a Power Drive® vehicle is 12 feet. The maximum

overall width is forty-eight (48) inches.

All vehicles will be issued Power Drive® vehicle identification numbers, Power

Drive Logo Decal, and a Clean Cities logo decal. All vehicle numbers will be one,

two or three digit numbers. Once a number is issued, it will normally be retained in

subsequent competitions. The numbers require an area approximately 6" wide by 8"

high (for each digit). The Power Drive Decal is 15" wide by 8" high. The Clean

Cities logo is 6.5 inches by 9 inches. The unit should have rigid or semi-rigid

surfaces large enough to mount two vehicle numbers (one each side), and one each

of the other two logos (front back or sides). It is highly recommended that the

school name be displayed on each side of the car. Cars with visible names and

numbers are easier for judges to notice during a heat, better facilitating

accurate lap counting.

The body should not have sharp edges, nose cones, corners or other protrusions that

could injure spectators or other drivers.

The vehicle must have a fixed floor pan that prevents the driver's feet from

contacting the ground.

Race officials will have to push a car clear of the track in the event the car is

disabled. It is recommended that a "push here" sign be added at the proper points on

the vehicle. Damage to the body structure may occur during the competition if these

markings are not present.

Enclosed canopies will not be taped-on or fastened in a manner that could hamper

emergency egress. Driver must be capable of removing the canopy unassisted.

Safety Equipment

All drivers must wear DOT-approved motor vehicle/motorcycle helmets (full-face

helmets are recommended) with a Snell rating of 95 or greater. The helmets must be

clearly labeled as meeting the Snell rating. Bicycle helmets are not acceptable.

Helmets must be worn with the chin straps correctly fastened. Drivers must wear

heavy clothing, i.e., long-sleeve shirts, and long pants, enclosed shoes and gloves

(made of leather or other protective material).

All drivers must wear eye protection (Z87 safety glasses with side shields or

goggles). Face shields on helmets are sufficient.

All drivers must wear standard, commercially available footwear that protects the

feet. The minimum standard is a good quality cross training or rough terrain hiking

shoe.

All moving parts that could endanger the driver must be shielded.

Each team must have a dry chemical extinguisher present in the pit area. Minimum

requirement is a ten-pound dry chemical extinguisher.

All safety equipment must be in place and fastened before the driver leaves the pit

during the endurance competition. Teams are subject to one-lap penalties for each

non-compliance.

Driver

All drivers must be at least 16 years old and hold a valid driver's license.

All drivers must sign a liability waiver prior to any competition. Drivers under 18

must have a parent or legal guardian co-sign the liability release.

For all phases of the competition, the vehicle operator is to weigh at least 180

pounds. Drivers weighing less than 180 pounds must carry enough ballast to make

up that difference. All personal protective equipment, including helmet, clothing and

glasses are considered part of the driver and count toward the 180 pound minimum.

Each team must furnish at least two qualified drivers for the endurance phase of each

competition. If a second driver cannot be present for the endurance competition, one

driver may participate, but a pit stop must be made as outlined above. The driver

will remain stationary in the pit area for 45 seconds before being allowed to

return to the track.

Drivers must be able to exit the vehicle, unassisted, in 20 seconds or less.

Ballast

Driver and ballast will be weighed prior to each competition.

Ballast carried to offset driver weight must be securely fastened to the car and not

carried on the driver's person, attached with bungee cord, or taped to the car. Ballast

must be removable for weigh-in, but securely attached (belted, strapped or secured

by fasteners) during competition. Only three types of ballast are acceptable:

A. Olympic-style weight discs (either padded or bare) fastened to the frame by bolts,

straps or held in a container fastened to the frame.

B. Moldable bags of sand or shot. These must be sealed bags that can be fastened to

the frame by straps or held in a container fastened to the frame. The bags must be

labeled with the exact weight.

C. Metal bars with smooth edges. No more than four bars can be used at a time for

the total ballast of one driver. Bars must be clearly marked with their individual

weights and fastened to the frame by bolts, straps or held in a container fastened to

the frame.

Each driver is responsible for providing the correct amount of ballast.

Ballast cannot be performance- or structure-related equipment, e.g., communication

equipment, gauges, computers, wheel balance weights, etc. Certain non-performance

items, such as cameras, music systems, etc., may be acceptable. Pre-approval of such

ballast by a technical official is recommended.

General There is a ($3,300 Standard Class - $3800 Advanced Class) limit on the value of the

material used in the construction of the car. This includes the cost of the “starter kit”

provided to new schools by the Power Drive Program (Value $900).

The dollar limitations are for the parts and materials used in the construction of the

car, as it is presented for the competition. This specifically excludes:

Driver’s Clothing, Driver worn safety equipment, pit tools and spare parts, batteries

used for maneuverability and braking.

It does include the batteries used for the endurance competition competition and all

components of real time telemetry devices. If performance data is collected and

later downloaded, the value of any collection hardware and software must be

included in the car value.

Documentation is to include a detailed listing of purchases, donations and loans of

all material used in the construction of the car. Itemization is to include the

actual/estimated value and source of the material. Even if other documentation is not

submitted, this item must accompany the vehicle in order to compete in the


Signal Flags

Each rally will be governed by signal flags controlled by the Track Steward and

Corner Workers. Each driver and pit crew member must be versed in the meaning

and requirements of the signal flags.

Green- Signals the start of the competition. Once the competition has started it

signals that the track is clear and full speed is authorized in this area.

Yellow- Caution. There is a problem in this area of the track. Slow down and

prepare to stop if necessary. Fall into line behind the car ahead.

Absolutely no passing until clear of the caution zone.

Black- Warning/Penalty. If a furled (rolled up) black flag is pointed at the driver it is

a warning of reckless or poor driving. Have the pit crew chief check with the track

steward for clarification. A second offense or a serious violation of track rules will

result in a black flag (unfurled). The driver must pit at the next opportunity and will

be assessed a penalty at the discretion of the Track Steward. A black flag is also used

to notify a driver to pit for various mechanical problems (flat tire, dragging part,

missing safety glasses, inoperative brake light, etc.).

Red- Cease running. A track emergency is in progress. All cars come to a complete

stop in place and await further instructions.

Checkered- Rally complete. Slow down and return to pit or staging area at next

opportunity.

OPPD At Your

Service

OPPD is a customer-

owned utility serving

over 346,000

customers in all or

parts of 13 counties in

east and southeast

Nebraska.

Power Drive

Links

Registration

Calendar

Teams

Results

About

Rules

Liability Waiver

Scholarships

Contacts

EV Websites

Rules

Competition Criteria & Classes

Criteria Qualification for Power Drive

® State

Championship

In order to qualify for the Power Drive State

Championship a team must first participate in

one of the recognized preliminary events. See the

Calendar section for a list of those events. The

vehicle must pass the safety inspection and

complete at least one lap of the endurance rally to

be considered a participant. If a car is not able to

qualify for competition at the state finals via the

required preliminary event participation, that

team may apply for a waiver to run in the

exhibition class at the state finals. It will not be

competing for points.

Scoring

The following scoring criteria will be used for

the Power Drive State Championship event.

Scoring at preliminary and summer events will

be at the discretion of event organizers. Some

events may include only an endurance rally.

Points accumulated at these events do not affect

or carryover to the Championship event.

Documentation

The entire documentation portion of the

http://www.oppd.com/AboutUs/PowerDrive/22_001544


http://www.oppd.com/AboutUs/PowerDrive/Teams/index.htm

http://www.oppd.com/AboutUs/PowerDrive/Results/index.htm







competition is worth a total of 300 possible

points.

Each team will submit four progress reports on

the project. These reports will describe the

overall progress and accomplishments to date for

each vehicle. They should be posted on the

team's website. The team will supply a link to the

website to Power Drive (Sharon Jefferson of

OPPD, 444 So. 16th St. Mall, Omaha, NE 68102,

or [email protected]). The first report is due

at the end of January 2012 (reports posted prior

to that date are encouraged, but will not be

scored). The subsequent reports are due by the

last days of February, March and April. Teams

will receive 25 points for each month (January

through April) in which they post an updated

report.

Each vehicle (team) will also document the entire

project. Particular attention is to be given to

recording the vehicle's design and construction.

This material is to be sent to Mr. Jeff Hanson of

OPPD (444 So. 16th

St. Mall, Omaha, NE 68102)

and arrive no later than Friday, April 21, 2012.

Retain a copy of the documentation for your own

use during the inspection periods. The

documentation should be kept up-to-date at all

times and contain discussion notes, calculations,

photos, drawings and test results. The

documentation should include correspondence,

news stories, information about fundraising

efforts (donor names etc.), community support,

school and general publicity, student, faculty,

community involvement, and anything that

would help describe the efforts involved in

building the vehicle. Additional documentation

in the form of video/audio tapes and CD's is

required of the Advanced Class teams. Multi-

media documentation of Standard Class teams

will not be judged. Approved alternative media

forms are: Audio Cassette Tape, VHS Video

Tape, PowerPoint® and Video CD ROM disc.

The multi-media documentation should be a

marketing presentation aimed at potential

sponsors, seeking donations of material, cash, or


services. The presentation should be no longer

than five (5) minutes.

Judging on the final report will be based on

completeness of content, journalistic quality,

effort and neatness. This portion of

documentation is worth 200 possible points.

Braking

All vehicles will be tested on braking efficiency

from cruising speed. From a running start

(approximately 15 mph), the drivers will be

signaled to stop the vehicle in as short a distance

as possible. The vehicle must be kept under

control and within certain boundaries during the

stop. Uncontrolled stops will not count as

legitimate attempts. Stopping distance and initial

speed will be factored into the determination of

braking efficiency. Each vehicle will be allowed

two runs, with the average of the two being used

to determine the score. Vehicles will be ranked

and awarded points accordingly.

The brakes must be capable of holding the

vehicle stationary when being pushed by one

person.

The braking portion of the competition is worth

100 possible points.

Maneuverability

A slalom course consisting of five (5) cones,

spaced 25 feet apart will be run out and back, by

each vehicle from a standing start. Points will be

awarded based on the time to complete the

course. Five (5) penalty seconds will be assessed

for each cone struck. Ten (10) penalty seconds

will be assessed for each cone knocked over.

Five (5) penalty seconds will be assessed for

each time a wheel leaves the ground. A rollover

will require the vehicle to undergo a new

qualification inspection and may result in

disqualification from that day's competition.

Teams are strongly encouraged to practice this

maneuver prior to competition so that the

vehicle's stability characteristics are known.

NOTE: Separate battery packs may be used

for the Braking/Maneuverability competitions

and the pre-race activities. The vehicle must

be in the same body configuration (all body

coverings in place) for braking and

maneuverability as it is when starting the


The maneuverability portion of the competition

is worth 100 possible points. The vehicle must be

in the same body configuration (all body

coverings in place) for braking and

maneuverability as it is when starting the


Design and Construction Evaluation

Three independent judges will grade each vehicle

on:

1. Quality and durability of construction

2. Engineering design principles utilized

3. Effective use of materials

4. Overall road worthiness of the vehicle

5. Creativity in design and construction

The design and construction evaluation is worth

100 possible points.

Endurance

This portion of the competition is worth 600

possible points.

During this portion of the competition, vehicles

will be required to run on a track for a period of

one hour. At the end of one hour, the total

number of completed laps will be counted. Only

completed laps will be counted. The winner of

this phase of the competition will be the vehicle

that has completed the most laps.

Race officials will clear from the track any

vehicles experiencing a breakdown or loss of

power. That portion of the lap will not count

toward the team's total. If the car returns to the

track, it must do so from the pit area and will

begin from the last complete lap total.

A vehicle that enters the pit area under its own

power will be considered to have completed a

lap. If the vehicle does not enter the pits under its

own power, the last lap is not considered

complete. At a point between 20 minutes and 40

minutes into the competition, a pit stop and

driver change is mandatory. Teams that can

only field one driver will sit in the pit for 45

seconds to simulate a driver change.

Except for the battery pack, no modifications

may be made to the vehicle between inspection

and competitions. Flat tires and other mechanical

failures may be repaired, but only with like

components. Gear ratios, steering ratios, and

wheels/tires may not be changed between

competition phases.

The endurance rally is worth 600 possible points.

Overall Winner

Total competition points available - 1200

The overall winner will be the team (vehicle) that

accumulates the most points from

Documentation, Braking, Maneuverability,

Design and Construction Evaluation, and

Endurance. See the Awards section for other

planned recognition.

CLASSES

Power Drive®

has instituted a multi-class

competition due to the number of participants

and the variety of experience and skill levels

involved. The defining criteria for these classes

are listed below:

Novice Class:

Power Drive has instituted a new class for

2009. The Novice Class is identical to

the Standard Class (see below) in all

aspects except that to be entered in this

class, a car cannot have won a trophy at

any Power Drive sanctioned endurance

rally.

The Novice Class is an endurance rally

classification only. These cars will

compete along side the regular Standard

Class cars in braking, maneuverability

and design/engineering.

A car that receives a trophy in the Novice

Class at a preliminary event (i.e.

Hastings, Lincoln, Columbus, etc.) will

automatically be promoted to the

Standard Class at the next event

entered. The team will change the letter

designation of the car from "N" to "S".

Standard Class:

The basic frame, roll bar and axle

assembly can not be carried over from a

previous car, i.e., this vehicle must be a

first year car.

The frame and roll bar construction must

utilize the type and grade material

described in the Power Drive Rules and

Regulations.

The vehicle must utilize the "starter kit"

as supplied by Power Drive.The value of

a starter kit is now considered $900.

Vehicle must utilize belt or chain drives

(no direct or fluid drive mechanisms).

No multi-speed transmissions permitted.

No regenerative braking systems

permitted.

No solar panel recharging permitted.


Advanced Class:

Chassis must have a fully enclosed body

except for driver entry and egress. All

frame components, drive line systems,

and the driver's body must be enclosed

within the body shell. Open cockpit

designs are acceptable. Wheels and tires

need not be enclosed.

Alternative frame designs must document

demonstrated equivalent resisting

bending moment to the materials

described in the Rules and Regulations.

Except for communications devices and

small, bicycle type speedometers, no

accessory batteries are permitted.

The team must submit "multi-media"

documentation (paper, VHS video tape,

video CD-ROM, CD PowerPoint®, audio

cassette).

No tiller or handlebar steering designs are

allowed, but two handle tie-rod systems

are acceptable.

For carryover vehicles: Two of the major

systems (frame, electronics, steering,

brakes, body, suspension, motor/drive

line, and wheels) must be substantially

changed and documented from the

previous year's competition.

A vehicle may compete in the Advanced

Class for no more than two seasons.

Multi-speed transmissions are no longer

allowed in Advanced Class.


Exhibition Class:

Open to teams composed of post-

secondary students.

Open to teams constructing vehicles that

pass the safety inspection, but do not

strictly comply with the rules of

competition.

High school students entering a vehicle in

this class will be considered

"participants" for Power Drive

Scholarship application purposes.

No points will be awarded in this

classification.

Teams are not required to submit

documentation of the project.

Rules & Regulations The following rules and regulations govern the

design, construction and operation of all

Power Drive®

vehicles. The rules were

developed for the safety of the participants

and must be followed by all participants.

Batteries Batteries must be lead acid only. Only batteries

that will not leak if punctured, such as gel cell or

AGM (Absorptive Glass Mat) will be allowed to

participate. Battery number and voltage is not

limited, but must meet specified weight limits, or

must be the accepted battery types listed.

Batteries must display all original manufacturers'

labels. Batteries must be commercially retailed

and available to any competitor. Custom built or

specialized batteries are not allowed. Batteries

must be stock and unmodified in any way, and

meet all conditions of the manufacturer's written

warranty.

Total battery weight can not exceed 67 pounds

including any batteries used for motor

controllers, contacts, relays, solenoids,

instrumentation, computers, etc. Batteries used

for two-way communications devices are not

included in the total battery weight. Note: Many

batteries advertised by the manufacturer as

weighing 31 to 33 lbs. actually weigh in excess

of 34 lbs. when prepared for use. It is suggested

that arrangements be made in advance with your

suppliers to return batteries that don't meet this

requirement. Non-compliant batteries will not be

allowed to compete for points.

Due to their construction and power ratings, the

following batteries will be allowed, regardless of

weight:

Optima SC25A, SC35A, Optima SC75/35 (side

and top post) Optima 75u, 75/25

Odyssey Genesis G42 (VP, VPX, EP, EPX)

MK 40

Exide Orbital Model 75/35

Champion Vortex 75/35

In addition, any commercial gel-cell or

AGM battery with a manufacturer's rating of 45

amp-hr or less and a cold cranking (0 degrees F.)

capacity of 720 CCA or less may be considered

by rules officials. Any team wanting to use a

battery pack in excess of 67 pounds that is not on

the list above, must get it pre-approved by

contacting Steve Anderson (402-403-8134

begin_of_the_skype_highlighting 402-

403-8134 end_of_the_skype_highlighting or

[email protected]).

Batteries of vehicles are weighed at the

beginning of each competition and whenever

new batteries are introduced to a vehicle. In

addition, batteries are subject to being weighed

randomly - or at the discretion of track officials

at any time at each rally.

Batteries mounted within the confines of the

frame rails do not have to be mounted in a

protective "box". The batteries must be

securely fastened to the frame using bolts

and/or clamps. Bungee cords are not

sufficient. Drive batteries mounted outside of

the frame rails must be enclosed in a rigid box

or other structure that will protect them from

puncture. The design of the battery box shall

be non-conductive, or if made with conductive

materials, shall assure that the battery

terminals cannot contact the conductive

material. All batteries must be securely

attached to the vehicle in such a manner as to

withstand an impact or roll-over. All battery

terminals to be covered with rubber or plastic

grommets to protect from accidental contact.

Drive batteries must be enclosed in a rigid box or

other structure that will protect the batteries from

puncture. The box must be securely fastened to

the frame using bolts and/or clamps and the

batteries must be held firmly in place within the

box so they cannot move around within the box.

The design of the battery box shall be non-

conductive, or if made with conductive materials,

shall assure that the battery terminals cannot

contact the conductive material. Batteries must

be securely attached to the vehicle in such a

manner to withstand an impact or roll-over.

Battery terminals to be covered with rubber or

plastic grommets to protect from accidental

contact.

Batteries may not be remotely recharged or

replaced once the endurance competition has

begun.

Batteries used for the braking and

maneuverability portions of the competition do

not need to comply with the weight restrictions

of this section.

A Power Drive Advisory Committee member

will be allowed to pre-certify competition

batteries at the school prior to the competitions.

If a team chooses to have this done, they should

contact their committee advisor to arrange for

this. If a battery, which has been pre-certified, is

replaced during the season, it will have to be re-

certified.

Electrical System

All vehicles must have fusing or a circuit breaker

between the motor and battery. A master

disconnect switch(es) or circuit breaker must be

accessible by both the driver and by meet

officials during the competition. The disconnect

switch, or pull cord for the disconnect switch that

is accessible to the meet officials, must be

mounted on the outer part of the roll bar

assembly near the driver’s shoulder level (or

higher) and clearly marked with a red (or red

outlined in white), equilateral triangle with four

inch sides. The driver’s disconnect switch shall

be mounted where he/she can operate it from the

driving positions. The Driver’s switch can either

be a separate device or the same as the device for

the race officials. The driver will be asked to

demonstrate its use during the vehicle inspection.

All electrically powered accessories must also be

fused or protected by circuit breaker.

Motor power must be designed so that the

motor(s) turn off automatically if the driver

releases the throttle.

Wiring must be of suitable size so that the fuse or

breaker will blow before the cable insulation can

melt. Wiring should be neat, well insulated and

securely tied to the frame. All wiring must be

kept clear of moving parts and protected from

chafing. The vehicle frame may not be used as a

conductor for any part of the electrical system.

A maximum of one square meter of solar cells is

allowed on Power Drive® vehicles entered in the

Advanced Class competition. (The one square

meter maximum refers to actual cell area and

does not include area between the cells.) The

cells must be safely attached to the body of the

vehicle in such a manner that they do not

protrude from the front, sides or rear,

endangering others.

Wheels and Axles

Vehicles must have a minimum of three load-

bearing wheels in contact with the ground at all

times. Plastic BMX type wheels are not

recommended, since they generally cannot

withstand the side loads experienced in the

maneuverability and endurance competitions.

The wheels and axles must be strong enough to

withstand the test for braking, maneuvering, and

endurance competitions.

Wheels must be covered if they could endanger

the driver.

Axles must be a minimum diameter of 12mm or

1/2-inch unless supported at both ends. Safety

wire or cotter pins must be used to secure

cantilevered wheel axle nuts. Nylon lock nuts

alone are not acceptable. A one-time variance

will be allowed using double nuts for teams that

forget this requirement. The nuts must be

installed in the presence of an instructor and an

inspector.

Tires

Vehicle ground clearance must exceed the

sidewall height of the tire to keep the vehicle off

the ground in the event of a flat tire.

Steering

Minimum standards apply to steering system

components. Steering arms, rod ends, wire rope,

ball joints, and all associated hardware serving to

mount any steering elements must be equivalent -

or greater - in strength than 1/4-inch diameter

steel rod. Documentation for the vehicle must

show the strength verification/calculation for

steering components and team members should

be able to describe the process used for that

verification/calculation at vehicle inspections.

Kingpins must be made of material that is as

strong as or stronger than a 3/8-inch solid steel

rod.

Vehicles must have a minimum turning radius of

no more than 25 feet.

Fasteners used to connect ALL steering

related components must be pinned or safety

wired.(The same one-time variance for double

nuts allowed.)

Brakes

All vehicles must have mechanical or hydraulic

brakes. Vehicles must have brakes on at least two

wheels that are "on the same axle" (either both

front or both rear wheels). Hand operated brakes

must allow full application without taking the

driver’s hands off the steering devices(s). Brakes

that use an additional ground contacting

mechanism are not allowed because of the

possibility of adversely affecting the stability of

the vehicle.

Effective braking will be checked before the

endurance phase of the competition. A “push-

test” will be conducted on all vehicles

immediately before the start of each endurance

competition.

Brakes must be able to stop the vehicle in a

straight line without locking the wheels.

Regenerative braking is permitted in addition to

conventional brakes on vehicles competing in the

Advanced Class.

The brakes must be capable of holding the

vehicle stationary while being pushed by one

person.

Lighting

All Power Drive® vehicles must be equipped

with a clearly visible brake light that is activated

automatically whenever the brakes are applied.

The brake light should be easily seen by a

following vehicle and have a minimum visible

area of 4 square inches.

Drive Train All chains, gears, etc. must be guarded/covered

to minimize exposure of personnel to “pinch-

points” at the pulley/sprocket. The guard shall be

designed such that no driver can reach out and

get a hand or finger into the chain at any point.

The guard/cover shall also serve as damage and

injury protection for slipped or broken

belts/chains. Fully enclosed body sections fulfill

this requirement if there is a barrier between the

driver and the chain. The vehicle must be

rendered inoperable whenever the guard/cover is

removed for access to the chain/belt.

Gear ratios may not be changed once the vehicle

starts competition for the day. The same gear

ratio must be used for all of the events. There

will be no multi-speed transmissions on any

competing Power Drive®

vehicle.

Mirrors and Vision

All vehicles must have at least one functional

rear view mirror (two recommended) - with a

total mirror area of no less than eight square

inches. The mirror(s) must provide a 120 degree

field of vision to the rear (without manual

adjustment). Field should extend 60 degrees on

each side of centerline from the rear of the

vehicle. Documentation should show testing and

verification. Team members will be asked to

demonstrate effectiveness or answer questions on

testing.

The driver must have at least 270 degrees of

unobstructed vision of the track, not including

vision of the track seen through mirrors. Vision

obstructed by frame members is an exception to

this rule.

Inspections

Each vehicle will be inspected before it is

allowed to participate in the endurance phase of

the Power Drive® competition. Each team should

furnish a "Student Car Captain" to accompany

the vehicle through the inspection process to

answer questions about the vehicle and its

construction.

All vehicles that have been subsequently

modified must be presented for re-inspection

prior to participating in any Power Drive®

endurance rally.

Vehicles that do not conform to Power Drive®

regulations or that have failed to pass all of the

inspection phases of the competition will not be

allowed to compete for points. Units that do not

comply with the safety related regulations will

not participate in the track events. A vehicle that

has not been allowed to participate in preliminary

events because it did not meet requirements, may

obtain a waiver to participate in the State

Championships IF the non-compliance has been

corrected.

Drivers who cannot demonstrate compliance

with Power Drive® regulations will not be

allowed to participate. (Drivers must present and

have on their person a valid driver's license at

each competition.)

Inspections may be arranged prior to the day of

the competition - if desired. This is advisable for

first-time participants or if vehicle modifications

are made between competitions so those

unexpected items of noncompliance do not force

the vehicle out of competition. These pre-

competition inspections do not replace

competition day inspections.

The purpose of the inspection phase of the

competition is to judge the safety (construction,

braking and stability) of the vehicle prior to the

endurance phase of the competition.

Modifications to a vehicle's components, such as

changing gear ratios, installing different wheels,

etc., could significantly alter a vehicle's

performance characteristics and make it unsafe.

For these reasons, changes to a vehicle's

components between the inspection and

endurance phases of a competition will not be

allowed; however, components can be replaced

with like components if necessary, e.g.,

breakdown, flat tire, etc.

The winner of the rally competition in each class

will be subject to a post-event inspection,

immediately following the heat.

Chassis/Frame

All vehicles must have frame members and

padding that protect the driver in the event of

collisions from any direction. The minimum size

of such frame members will be:

1-inch O.D. round, or 1-inch square tubing with:

0.0625-inch (16-gauge) wall thickness for mild-

steel

0.058-inch wall thickness for 4130 chrome moly,

and


¾ inch (nominal) rigid conduit with:

.0625 wall thickness for steel

For extra support, used in triangulation, 3/4-inch

O.D. round, or 3/4-inch square tubing may be

used with:

0.0625-inch (16-gauge) wall thickness for mild-

steel

0.058-inch wall thickness for 4130 chrome moly,

and


Frames constructed of other materials are

allowed on Advanced Class vehicles providing it

is demonstrated and documented that the

alternative material(s) or methods provide equal

or greater structural strength and

protection/safety. It is important to remember

that you need to document the calculations

and/or testing of alternative frames.

Padding must be installed to prevent injury from

contacting the frame members in the event of an

accident. Padding must be at least 1/2-inch thick

and made of closed-cell foam.

Driver must not be positioned with his/her head

in front of torso, knees, and legs. This rule is

designed to minimize injury in case of a crash.

Impact Protection Each vehicle shall have structural members at the

front of the vehicle that act as a barrier, or

bumper, to protect the feet of the driver and to

help prevent intrusion into another vehicle in the

event of contact. The minimum dimension of

these structural members shall be eight (8) inches

in the horizontal and eight (8) inches in the

vertical dimensions. Blunt aerodynamic fairings

may be used in front of the structural members to

enhance airflow. The barrier must be made of

materials that meet the minimum standards for

frame components. This rule applies to vehicles

with a single front steer wheel as well.

Roll Cage

Frame members on the side of the vehicles shall

be designed to help ensure that another vehicle

cannot intrude into the driver's compartment in

the event of contact. Therefore, the maximum

open space between frame/reinforcing members

must be less than 6 inches. That is, a 6-inch

diameter sphere should not pass through any of

the frame openings. Side impact protection must

extend up to the highest level of the driver's

shoulder. All of the driver's extremities must be

contained within the roll cage during operation.

Cars where the driver's arms or legs are not

completely protected will not be allowed to

compete. Monocoque frame cars must be

constructed of materials sufficient to protect the

driver in the event of a side impact. That

determination will be made by the PowerDrive

Advisory Committee (seek ruling before

beginning construction). Cars that competed in

the Standard Class in 2005/2006 will be allowed

to retain their current configuration for one

season.

The roll cage must extend high enough to

provide a 2-inch space cushion above any body

part of the largest driver. This is determined by

drawing a straight line from the top of the roll

cage to the next lowest support point on the

vehicle frame that is capable of supporting the

vehicle in the event of a rollover. The front

wheels of the vehicle are not considered to be

strong enough to be the next-lowest support

point.

The center of the driver’s helmet must be

positioned directly below the roll bar.

The roll cage must be cross-braced to the chassis,

forward and rearward from a point that is no

more than three inches vertically from the top of

the roll cage. The forward bracing shall form a

protective cage around the driver and be designed

to protect the driver from side/front impact

injury. Placing a straight edge across the front

roll cage braces and running it down and

forward, the edge must not touch the helmet,

face-shield or other body part of the driver. The cage must be made of tubing that meets the

minimum standards for frame/bracing

components.

An inspection hole, at least 1/8-inch in diameter

must be drilled in a non-critical area of the roll

cage to permit inspector confirmation of the wall

thickness.

Padding must be installed to prevent the

driver's head or upper torso (waist up) from

being injured when contacting the roll cage in

the event of an accident. Padding must be at

least 1/2-inch thick and made from closed-cell

foam.

All parts of the driver shall be completely inside

of the frame cage at all times when in the normal

driving position.

Roll cages (Advanced class cars only)

constructed of other materials may be allowed if

it can be demonstrated that the alternative

material(s) provide equal or greater structural

strength and protection/safety.

Any questions regarding frame/roll cage

compliance should be addressed by contacting

the Advisory Committee (402) 552-4960

begin_of_the_skype_highlighting (402)

552-4960 end_of_the_skype_highlighting

well before the first event.

Stability

All vehicles must demonstrate inherent stability

at rest, while cornering, braking and cruising at

top speed.

Head Restraint

A head restraint, capable of withstanding a force

of 100 pounds or greater in the rearward

direction, is required to prevent whiplash.

Padding must be installed to prevent the driver

from being injured from contacting the head-

restraint structural elements in the event of an

accident.

Seat Belts

All vehicles must be equipped, at a minimum,

with a five-point safety harness similar to those

used in racing stock cars and aerobatic aircraft.

The harness/lap belt strapping is to be at least

two inches in width and the harness set must be

commercially available and installed in the

vehicle in accordance with manufacturer’s

instructions. Installation compliance must be

included in the vehicle documentation. The

harness shall be equipped with a quick release to

allow easy exit from the vehicle.

Body

The maximum overall length of a Power Drive®

vehicle is 12 feet. The maximum overall width is

forty-eight (48) inches.

All vehicles will be issued Power Drive®

vehicle

identification numbers, Power Drive Logo Decal,

and a Clean Cities logo decal. All vehicle

numbers will be one, two or three digit numbers.

Once a number is issued, it will normally be

retained in subsequent competitions. The

numbers require an area approximately 6" wide

by 8" high (for each digit). The Power Drive

Decal is 15" wide by 8" high. The Clean Cities

logo is 6.5 inches by 9 inches. The unit should

have rigid or semi-rigid surfaces large enough to

mount two vehicle numbers (one each side), and

one each of the other two logos (front back or

sides). It is highly recommended that the

school name be displayed on each side of the

car. Cars with visible names and numbers are

easier for judges to notice during a heat,

better facilitating accurate lap counting.

The body should not have sharp edges, nose

cones, corners or other protrusions that could

injure spectators or other drivers.

The vehicle must have a fixed floor pan that

prevents the driver's feet from contacting the

ground.

Race officials will have to push a car clear of the

track in the event the car is disabled. It is

recommended that a "push here" sign be added at

the proper points on the vehicle. Damage to the

body structure may occur during the competition

if these markings are not present.

Enclosed canopies will not be taped-on or

fastened in a manner that could hamper

emergency egress. Driver must be capable of

removing the canopy unassisted.

Safety Equipment

All drivers must wear DOT-approved motor

vehicle/motorcycle helmets (full-face helmets are

recommended) with a Snell rating of 95 or

greater. The helmets must be clearly labeled as

meeting the Snell rating. Bicycle helmets are not

acceptable. Helmets must be worn with the chin

straps correctly fastened. Drivers must wear

heavy clothing, i.e., long-sleeve shirts, and long

pants, enclosed shoes and gloves (made of

leather or other protective material).

All drivers must wear eye protection (Z87 safety

glasses with side shields or goggles). Face

shields on helmets are sufficient.

All drivers must wear standard, commercially

available footwear that protects the feet. The

minimum standard is a good quality cross

training or rough terrain hiking shoe.

All moving parts that could endanger the driver

must be shielded.

Each team must have a dry chemical extinguisher

present in the pit area. Minimum requirement is a

ten-pound dry chemical extinguisher.

All safety equipment must be in place and

fastened before the driver leaves the pit during

the endurance competition. Teams are subject to

one-lap penalties for each non-compliance.

Driver

All drivers must be at least 16 years old and hold

a valid driver's license.

All drivers must sign a liability waiver prior to

any competition. Drivers under 18 must have a

parent or legal guardian co-sign the liability

release.

For all phases of the competition, the vehicle

operator is to weigh at least 180 pounds. Drivers

weighing less than 180 pounds must carry

enough ballast to make up that difference. All

personal protective equipment, including helmet,

clothing and glasses are considered part of the

driver and count toward the 180 pound

minimum.

Each team must furnish at least two qualified

drivers for the endurance phase of each

competition. If a second driver cannot be present

for the endurance competition, one driver may

participate, but a pit stop must be made as

outlined above. The driver will remain

stationary in the pit area for 45 seconds before

being allowed to return to the track.

Drivers must be able to exit the vehicle,

unassisted, in 20 seconds or less.

Ballast

Driver and ballast will be weighed prior to each

competition.

Ballast carried to offset driver weight must be

securely fastened to the car and not carried on the

driver's person, attached with bungee cord, or

taped to the car. Ballast must be removable for

weigh-in, but securely attached (belted, strapped

or secured by fasteners) during competition.

Only three types of ballast are acceptable:

A. Olympic-style weight discs (either padded or

bare) fastened to the frame by bolts, straps or

held in a container fastened to the frame.

B. Moldable bags of sand or shot. These must be

sealed bags that can be fastened to the frame by

straps or held in a container fastened to the

frame. The bags must be labeled with the exact

weight.

C. Metal bars with smooth edges. No more than

four bars can be used at a time for the total

ballast of one driver. Bars must be clearly

marked with their individual weights and

fastened to the frame by bolts, straps or held in a

container fastened to the frame.

Each driver is responsible for providing the

correct amount of ballast.

Ballast cannot be performance- or structure-

related equipment, e.g., communication

equipment, gauges, computers, wheel balance

weights, etc. Certain non-performance items,

such as cameras, music systems, etc., may be

acceptable. Pre-approval of such ballast by a

technical official is recommended.

General There is a ($3,300 Standard Class - $3800

Advanced Class) limit on the value of the

material used in the construction of the car. This

includes the cost of the “starter kit” provided to

new schools by the Power Drive Program (Value

$900).

The dollar limitations are for the parts and

materials used in the construction of the car, as it

is presented for the competition. This specifically

excludes:

Driver’s Clothing, Driver worn safety equipment,

pit tools and spare parts, batteries used for

maneuverability and braking.

It does include the batteries used for the

endurance competition competition and all

components of real time telemetry devices. If

performance data is collected and later

downloaded, the value of any collection

hardware and software must be included in the

car value.

Documentation is to include a detailed listing of

purchases, donations and loans of all material

used in the construction of the car. Itemization is

to include the actual/estimated value and source

of the material. Even if other documentation is

not submitted, this item must accompany the

vehicle in order to compete in the endurance

competition.

Signal Flags

Each rally will be governed by signal flags

controlled by the Track Steward and Corner

Workers. Each driver and pit crew member must

be versed in the meaning and requirements of the

signal flags.

Green- Signals the start of the competition. Once

the competition has started it signals that the

track is clear and full speed is authorized in this

area.

Yellow- Caution. There is a problem in this area

of the track. Slow down and prepare to stop if

necessary. Fall into line behind the car ahead.

Absolutely no passing until clear of the caution

zone.

Black- Warning/Penalty. If a furled (rolled up)

black flag is pointed at the driver it is a warning

of reckless or poor driving. Have the pit crew

chief check with the track steward for

clarification. A second offense or a serious

violation of track rules will result in a black flag

(unfurled). The driver must pit at the next

opportunity and will be assessed a penalty at the

discretion of the Track Steward. A black flag is

also used to notify a driver to pit for various

mechanical problems (flat tire, dragging part,

missing safety glasses, inoperative brake light,

etc.).

Red- Cease running. A track emergency is in

progress. All cars come to a complete stop in

place and await further instructions.

Checkered- Rally complete. Slow down and

return to pit or staging area at next opportunity.

OPPD At Your

Service

OPPD is a customer-

owned utility serving

over 346,000

customers in all or

parts of 13 counties in

east and southeast

Nebraska.

Power Drive

Links

Registration

Calendar

Teams

Results

About



http://www.oppd.com/AboutUs/PowerDrive/Teams/index.htm

http://www.oppd.com/AboutUs/PowerDrive/Results/index.htm


Rules

Liability Waiver

Scholarships

Contacts

EV Websites

Contacts

Power Drive Advisory Council

Steve Anderson

402/403-8134

begin_of_the_skype_highlighting 402/403-

8134 end_of_the_skype_highlighting

[email protected]

Jay Hitchcock

Friend High School

501 Main Street

Box 67

Friend, NE 68359

402/947-2781



Fax: 402/947-2026

[email protected]

Jeff Hanson

OPPD

444 South 16th Street Mall

Omaha, NE 68102-2247

402/636-3755



[email protected]

Gene Hahn

NPPD

1414 15th Street

Columbus, NE 68601

402/563-5426



[email protected]

Mark Miller

NPPD

1414 15th St.

Columbus, NE 68601

402/563-5851

Diana Luscher

NPPD

Box 2170

Kearney, NE 68848

308/236-2230












[email protected]



[email protected]

Greg Vander Weil

Wayne State College

1111 Main Street

Benthack Hall 113

Wayne, NE 68787

402/375-7283



[email protected]

Wes Moore

OPPD

Elkhorn Service Center-3


Omaha, NE 68102-2247

402/552-4963



[email protected]

About Power Drive

The Fast Track

The Power Drive Program® has been on the fast track since it debuted during the 1998-99 school

year under the leadership of Omaha Public Power District (OPPD). Twelve high schools took

part that first year, but the number of participants - and the sophistication of the competitors - has

increased each subsequent year.



practical focus to students' math, science and/or vocational education. During the course of a










Nebraska and in the state's energy future. First-time schools receive "starter kits" and the







the competitions.

Challenge to Participants

The Power Drive challenges the students to do the following:

Apply classroom lessons to produce a one-person LEV

Work as a team with other students to build the vehicle from the ground up

Design and engineer the LEV to roll safely and efficiently

Use problem-solving skills

Promote efforts in the community to gain support

Compete against other schools to see whose vehicle performs best

Document their efforts

Eligibility

All accredited public and private high schools are eligible to participate it the Power Drive

competition. Post-secondary students are eligible to participate in the "exhibition" class. Schools

from throughout Nebraska and parts of Iowa have competed.

Student Participation

The Power Drive is designed to be a learning experience for each student. Therefore, students are

given as much responsibility as possible in the design, construction, maintenance and operation

of the vehicle.

Contact Us

For more information on Power Drive, contact OPPD Consumer Relations at (402) 636-3747

begin_of_the_skype_highlighting (402) 636-3747 end_of_the_skype_highlighting or

write to:

Omaha Public Power District

Consumer Relations 3E/EP1


Omaha NE 68102-2247

About Power Drive

The Fast Track

The Power Drive Program® has been on the fast track since it debuted during the 1998-99 school

year under the leadership of Omaha Public Power District (OPPD). Twelve high schools took

part that first year, but the number of participants - and the sophistication of the competitors - has

increased each subsequent year.



practical focus to students' math, science and/or vocational education. During the course of a










Nebraska and in the state's energy future. First-time schools receive "starter kits" and the



the competitions.

Challenge to Participants

The Power Drive challenges the students to do the following:

Apply classroom lessons to produce a one-person LEV

Work as a team with other students to build the vehicle from the ground up

Design and engineer the LEV to roll safely and efficiently

Use problem-solving skills

Promote efforts in the community to gain support

Compete against other schools to see whose vehicle performs best

Document their efforts

Eligibility

All accredited public and private high schools are eligible to participate it the Power Drive

competition. Post-secondary students are eligible to participate in the "exhibition" class. Schools

from throughout Nebraska and parts of Iowa have competed.

Student Participation

The Power Drive is designed to be a learning experience for each student. Therefore, students are

given as much responsibility as possible in the design, construction, maintenance and operation

of the vehicle.

Contact Us

For more information on Power Drive, contact OPPD Consumer Relations at (402) 636-3747

begin_of_the_skype_highlighting (402) 636-3747 end_of_the_skype_highlighting or

write to:

Omaha Public Power District

Consumer Relations 3E/EP1


Omaha NE 68102-2247

Date post:	09-Mar-2016
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