25 Symptoms of disturbances on an electricity network Qualimetry is a major focus for many companies, not least because of its financial benefits. Before raising the issue of a diagnosis of their electrical system, it is worth knowing the different symptoms, listed in the table below, which indicate faults in an installation. EN 50160 Defines the measurements required to qualify the voltage delivered by the electrical grid: rms voltage, outages, voltage dips, swells, flicker, frequency, harmonics (up to the 40th order) and three-phase system unbalance. IEC 61000-4-30 Defines the methods and accuracies for the power quality measurements listed in the EN 50160 standard (rms voltage, outage, voltage dips and swells, unbalance,...). IEC 61000-4-7 Defines the method for measuring harmonics and interharmonics IEC 61000-4-15 Defines the flicker measurement method including: • Pst short-term flicker indicator: Quantitative evaluation of the flicker over a 10-minute period. • Plt long-term flicker indicator: Quantitative evaluation of the flicker over a 2-hour period, using 12 successive short-term flicker (Pst) values. ➜ ➜ The standards Power, Energy, Disturbances Processes operate erratically Random stoppages of process equipment Process stoppages Damage to equipment Overheating and noise from equipment Malfunctions on motors Abnormal vibration and noise on motors Stoppages of motors Malfunction of the electronic Malfunction of electronics Erratic operation of protection systems Untimely tripping of protection systems Non-operation of protection systems Triggering of arcs Problems with monitors Problems with radio-communications Computer and telecom interference Destruction of PCBs Destruction of computer hardware Flicker of lighting Electrocution Fire of electrical origin Flicker Brown-outs Under-voltage Over-voltage Harmonics Inter-harmonics Micro-outages Excess reactive power Short power cuts HF spikes EMC Frequency variations Three-phase unbalance DC component Power surges Long and very long outages Homo-polar harmonics Atmospheric surges SYMPTOMS POSSIBLE ORIGINS
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Symptoms of disturbances on an electricity networkQualimetry is a major focus for many companies, not least because of its fi nancial benefi ts.Before raising the issue of a diagnosis of their electrical system, it is worth knowing the different symptoms,listed in the table below, which indicate faults in an installation.
EN 50160 Defi nes the measurements required to qualify the voltage delivered by the electrical grid: rms voltage, outages, voltage dips, swells, fl icker, frequency, harmonics (up to the 40th order) andthree-phase systemunbalance.
IEC 61000-4-30 Defi nes the methods and accuracies for the power quality measurements listed in the EN 50160 standard (rms voltage, outage, voltage dips and swells, unbalance,...).
IEC 61000-4-7 Defi nes the method formeasuring harmonics and interharmonics
IEC 61000-4-15 Defi nes the fl icker measurementmethod including:
• Pst short-term fl icker indicator: Quantitative evaluation of the fl icker
over a 10-minute period.
• Plt long-term fl icker indicator: Quantitative evaluation of the fl icker
over a 2-hour period, using12 successive short-term fl icker(Pst) values.
➜
➜
The standards
Power, Energy, Disturbances
Processes operate erratically
Random stoppages of process equipment
Process stoppages
Damage to equipment
Overheating and noise from equipment
Malfunctions on motors
Abnormal vibration and noise on motors
Stoppages of motors
Malfunction of the electronic
Malfunctionof electronics
Erratic operation of protection systems
Untimely trippingof protection systems
Non-operation of protection systems
Triggering of arcs
Problems with monitors
Problems with radio-communications
Computer and telecom interference
Destructionof PCBs
Destruction of computer hardware
Flicker of lighting
Electrocution
Fire of electrical origin
Flic
ker
Bro
wn-
outs
Und
er-v
olta
geO
ver-v
olta
ge
Har
mon
ics
Inte
r-har
mon
ics
Mic
ro-o
utag
es
Exce
ss re
activ
e
pow
er
Shor
t pow
er c
uts
HF
spik
es
EMC
Freq
uenc
y va
riatio
ns
Thre
e-ph
ase
unba
lanc
e
DC
com
pone
nt
Pow
er
surg
es
Long
and
ver
y
long
out
ages
Hom
o-po
lar
harm
onic
s
Atm
osph
eric
sur
ges
SYMPTOMS
POSSIBLE ORIGINS
26
Electrical energy analysers for three-phase networks
Power, Energy, Disturbances
C.A 8331 C.A 8333 C.A 8336 C.A 8435Number of channels 3U / 4I 4U / 4I Number of inputs 4V / 3I 5V / 4I Voltage (TRMS AC+DC) 2 V to 1,000 V
Voltage ratio Up to 500 kV Current (TRMS AC+DC)
MN clamps MN93 : 2 to 200 AAC ; MN93A : 0,005 AAC to 100 AAC
C193 clamp 1 A to 1 000 AAC
AmpFLEX™ or MA clamps 100 mA to 10 000 AAC 30 A to 6 500 AAC
PAC93 clamp 1 A to 1 000 AAC+DC
E3N clamp 50 mA to 10 AAC/DC – 100 mA to 100 AAC/DC
Current ratio Up to 60 kA Frequency 40 Hz to 69 Hz Power values W, VA, var, VAD, PF, DPF, cos φ, tan φEnergy values Wh, varh, VAh, VADh Harmonics Yes
THD Yes, orders 0 to 50, phase Expert mode - Yes
Transients - 50 210 Flicker (Pst and Plt) YesInrush mode - Yes over 4 periods Yes > 10 minutes Unbalance YesRecording Min/Max Yes
of a selection of parameters at max. sampling rate 4 hrs to 2 weeks A few days to several weeks 2 weeks to several years
Alarm 4,000 of 10 different types 10,000 of 40 different types
Peak YesVectorial representation AutomaticDisplay TFT colour ¼ VGA screen, 320 x 240, diagonal 148 mm Capture of screens and curves 12 12 50 Electrical safety IEC 61010 1,000 V CAT III / 600 V CAT IV Protection IP53 / IK08 IP67 Languages More than 27 Battery life Up to 13 hoursCommunication interface USB Power supply 9.6 V NiMH rechargeable battery or mains power supply
IEC 61000-4-30 — Yes with DataView® software Yes with DataView® software —
Dimensions 240 x 180 x 55 mm 270 x 250 x 180 mm Weight 1.9 kg 3.7 kg Warranty 3 years
C.A 8435
• 5 voltage inputs and 4 current inputs• 10-minute Inrush mode• Calculation of distorting power• IP67: all-terrain model available
5 voltage inputs and 4 current inputs
CATIV
IEC 61000-4-30
IEC 61000-4-30IEC 610101000 V CAT III600 V CAT IV
IP67
27
C.A 8331 C.A 8333 C.A 8336 C.A 8435Number of channels 3U / 4I 4U / 4I Number of inputs 4V / 3I 5V / 4I Voltage (TRMS AC+DC) 2 V to 1,000 V
Voltage ratio Up to 500 kV Current (TRMS AC+DC)
MN clamps MN93 : 2 to 200 AAC ; MN93A : 0,005 AAC to 100 AAC
C193 clamp 1 A to 1 000 AAC
AmpFLEX™ or MA clamps 100 mA to 10 000 AAC 30 A to 6 500 AAC
PAC93 clamp 1 A to 1 000 AAC+DC
E3N clamp 50 mA to 10 AAC/DC – 100 mA to 100 AAC/DC
Current ratio Up to 60 kA Frequency 40 Hz to 69 Hz Power values W, VA, var, VAD, PF, DPF, cos φ, tan φEnergy values Wh, varh, VAh, VADh Harmonics Yes
THD Yes, orders 0 to 50, phase Expert mode - Yes
Transients - 50 210 Flicker (Pst and Plt) YesInrush mode - Yes over 4 periods Yes > 10 minutes Unbalance YesRecording Min/Max Yes
of a selection of parameters at max. sampling rate 4 hrs to 2 weeks A few days to several weeks 2 weeks to several years
Alarm 4,000 of 10 different types 10,000 of 40 different types
Peak YesVectorial representation AutomaticDisplay TFT colour ¼ VGA screen, 320 x 240, diagonal 148 mm Capture of screens and curves 12 12 50 Electrical safety IEC 61010 1,000 V CAT III / 600 V CAT IV Protection IP53 / IK08 IP67 Languages More than 27 Battery life Up to 13 hoursCommunication interface USB Power supply 9.6 V NiMH rechargeable battery or mains power supply
IEC 61000-4-30 — Yes with DataView® software Yes with DataView® software —
Dimensions 240 x 180 x 55 mm 270 x 250 x 180 mm Weight 1.9 kg 3.7 kg Warranty 3 years
C.A 8336 • C.A 8333 • C.A 8331 – Models without sensorsQualistar+ analyser delivered with a bag for accessories, 5 x 4 mm banana voltage leads 3 m long, 5 crocodile clips, 12-colour identifi cation kit for the leads and inputs, anti-scratch screen-protection fi lm (mounted), USB cable, mains power cable, mains power pack, safety datasheet, 1 CD containing multi-language operating manual and 1 CD containing PC software for data recovery (Power Analyzer Transfer).
C.A 8435 AMP450Delivered with bag no. 22, USB cable, IP67 mains power cable, 4 AmpFLEX™ 450 IP67 A196 current sensors, 5 x IP67 BB196 black banana leads, 5 lockable crocodile clips, 12-colour identifi cation kit for the leads and inputs, anti-scratch screen-protection fi lm (mounted), USB cable, mains power cable, mains power pack, safety datasheet, 1 CD containing multi-language operating manual and 1 CD containing PC software for data recovery (Power Analyzer Transfer).
Software
State at delivery
References
is compatible with other Chauvin Arnoux® products: • Qualistar+ power analysers• C.A 8220 & C.A 8230 power analysers• F400 and F600 multimeter clamps• and other measuring instruments
Minimum operating system required: Windows® 2000, Windows® XP, Windows® Vista, Windows® 7 and 8.
The easy-to-use software automatically recognizes the instrument connected to the PC and opens the corresponding menu. Users have direct access to:
database management management of reports according to the voltage quality standards
The measurements performed with the Qualistar models can be processed using two software products: (standard) and (option).
Confi guration of the instrument: setup, recording, alarms
Real-time display
Processing of recorded data and alarms
Transfer of printouts of screenshots and transients
A lead with an ESSAILEC plug can be used to perform tests without disturbing or interrupting the power supply circuit on meters and protection relays installed in the secondary circuits of current or voltage transformers. The main advantage is the speed and simplicity of measurement with maximum user safety. Accessory for electrical cabinets equipped with Essailec connectors.
1000 V CAT III / 600 V CAT IV 600 V CAT IV 600 V CAT III /
300 V CAT IV
Available accessories - References to orderESSAILEC unit ................................................. > P01102131 MN93 clamp ..................................................... > P01120425B MN93A clamp ................................................... > P01120434B MiniFLEX™ MA193, 200 mm ........................... > P01120580 PAC93 clamp ................................................... > P01120079B AmpFLEX™ A196 450 mm IP67 ..................... > P01120552 AmpFLEX™ clamp, A193 450 mm .................. > P01120526B AmpFLEX™ clamp, A193 800 mm .................. > P01120531B C193 clamp ...................................................... > P01120323B E3N clamp ........................................................ > P01120043A E3N adapter ..................................................... > P01102081 E3N mains power pack .................................... > P01120047 Battery pack ..................................................... > P01296024 Qualistar screen fi lm......................................... > P01102059 Set of rings-inserts ........................................... > P01102080
Set of 5 x IP67 banana leads 3 m long (BB196) ............................................. > P01295479 Bag no. 21 ........................................................ > P01298055 Bag no. 22 ........................................................ > P01298056 USB-A USB-B cable ......................................... > P01295293 5 A unit ............................................................. > P01101959 Lockable crocodile clips (x 5) ........................... > P01102099 Kit comprising banana leads (x 5), crocodile clips (x 5) and 1 set of coloured rings ............................... > P01295483 Kit comprising banana leads (x 4), crocodile clips (x 5) and 1 set of coloured rings ............................... > P01295476 Set of plugs (C.A 8435) .................................... > P01102117 Mains power pack (C.A 8335) .......................... > P01102057 IP67 mains power cable (C.A 8435). ............... > P01295477
29
Power analysers for three-phase electrical networks
C.A 8220 C.A 8230
Specially designed for motor maintenanceAccess to all the measurements simultaneouslyLow-resistance and high-current measurements
Large colour screenIntuitive use
Excellent price-quality ratioRecording
Alarms
Reference P01160620 P01160630Voltage 6 VRMS to 600 VRMS AC+DC
Accuracy ± (0.5 % + 2 cts)AC current 5 mA to 6,500 A
Accuracy ± (0.5 % + 1 ct)DC current 1 A to 1,400 A
Accuracy ± (1% + 1 A)Values Min, max, avg. Peak (+ and -), crest factorFundamental frequency 40 Hz to 70 HzDisplay Backlit LCD with 3 displays of 173 segments VGA colour LCD (320 x 240)Single-phase andbalanced three-phase Yes
Power measurements W, VA, var, PF, DF, THD, cos φEnergy varh, VAh, Wh Harmonics Up to 50th orderRecording up to several daysAlarms 4,096PST fl icker YesFunctions
Phase rotation yes, with display of phase order for three-phase systemsMotor inrush
current display Yes
Motor rotation speed 6 RPM to 120 kRPM ± (0.5 %)Temperature (Pt 100) -200 °C to +850 °C ± (1 % + 10 cts)Resistance (winding) 0 Ω to 2,000 Ω ± (0.5 % + 2 Ω)
Measurement storage YesUse
Ambient temperature 23 °C ± 3 KRelative humidity 45 % to 75 %
Protection rating IP54USB optical port YesSafety IEC 61010-1, 600 V- cat. IIIPower supply 6 AA batteries Rechargeable batteries, battery life up to 40 hoursWeight 840 g (with batteries) 880 g (with rechargeable batteries)Dimensions 211 x 108 x 60 mm
State at deliveryDelivered with 6 AA batteries installed, 1 red banana lead(straight-straight), 1 black banana lead (straight-straight),2 x 4 mm test probes (1 red, 1 black), 2 crocodile clips
(1 red, 1 black), 1 USB optical cable, PAT software
Delivered with a carrying bag, 6 x 1.2 V rechargeable batteriesinstalled, 1 red banana lead (straight-straight), 1 blackbanana lead (straight-straight), 2 x 4 mm test probes
(1 red, 1 black), 2 crocodile clips (1 red, 1 black), 1 mains adapter, USB optical cable, PAT software
1000 V CAT III / 600 V CAT IV 600 V CAT IV 600 V CAT III /
300 V CAT IV
30
PEL102 PEL103Display Without With triple digital displayInstallation types Single-phase, split-phase, three-phase with or without neutral, and many other specifi c confi gurationsNumber of channels 3 Voltage inputs / 3 Current inputs (neutral current calculated)Measurements
Network frequency DC, 50 Hz, 60 Hz & 400 HzVoltage (Measurement ranges/ Best accuracy) 10.00 to 1,000 V AC/DC / +/- 0.2 % + 0.5 V
Current
MN93 2.000 to 240.0 AAC / +/- 1.2 % + 1 A
MN93A 0.005 AAC to 5.000 AAC / 0.100 AAC to 120.0 AAC / +/- 1.2 % + 2 mA
C193 3.000 A to 1,200 AAC / +/- 0.5 % A193 & MA193 100.0 mA to 0.00 kAAC / +/- 1.2 % + 70 mA
PAC93 10.00 A to 1,000 AAC / 10.00 A to 1,400 ADC / +/- 1.7 % + 1 A
E3N 50.00 mA to 10.00 AAC/DC / 100.0 mA to 100.0 AAC/DC / +/- 3.2 % + 70 mA
Calculated measurementsRatios Up to 650,000 V / up to 25,000 APower 10 W to 10 GW / 10 var to 10 Gvar / 10 VA to 10 GVAEnergy Up to 4 EWh / 4 EVAh / 4 Evarh (E = 1018 )Phase cos φ, tan Φ, PFHarmonics Up to 50th orderAdditional functions
Phase order YesMin / Max YesMounting Magnet, hookRecording
Sampling / Acquisition rate / Aggregation 128 samples/period - 1 measurement/s – from 1 min to 60 minStorage SD Card, 2 GB (SD-HC Card up to 32 GB)Communication Ethernet & BluetoothPower supply 110 V - 250 V (+10 %, -15 %) @ 50-60 Hz & 400 HzSafety IEC 61010 600 V CAT IV – 1,000 V CAT IIIMechanical specifi cations
Dimensions 256 x 125 x 37 mm without sensorWeight 900 g 950 gCasing IP54 , UL (pending)
Power and Energy Loggers> Single-phase, split-phase and three-phase installations> Installation without cutting off the mains power supply> Harmonic analysis up to the 50th order> Bluetooth, Ethernet and USB Communication> Automatic recognition of the sensors connected> Recording on SD card
Power, Energy, Disturbances
1000 V CAT III
PEL103
DataVIEW® software > P01102095Bag No 23 > P01298078Leads/clamps kit > P01295476Set of id. rings/inserts > P011020805 A box > P01101959MN93 clamp > P01120425BMN93A clamp > P01120434B
C193 clamp > P01120323BPAC93 clamp > P01120079BAmpFLEX™A193-450 mm clamp > P01120526BAmpFLEX™A193-800 mm clamp > P01120531B
Mini-AmpFLEX™MA193, 200 mm > P01120580E3N clamp > P01120043AE3N adapter > P01120081MultiFIX > P01102100ZMains power cable > P01295174
Accessories
References • PEL102 Logger without current sensors > P01157152• PEL103 Logger without current sensors > P01157153
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