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REPORT FOR THE INTERNSHIPPROGRAM COMPRISING OF BOTH
PART-I AND PART-II EQUIVALENT TOFIRST AND SECOND MID
TERM
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400/220 kV TRANSMISSIONSUBSTATION
OPERATED BY:
MADE BY:-
ADITYA BALUNI
120070105132
B.TECH ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
DEHRADUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEHRADUN
SUBMITTED TO:
Mr. DIGAMBAR
Asss!"#! Pr$%&ss$r
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
"Gratitude is not a thing of expression; it is ore a atter of fee!ing"
# $ou!d !i%e to express & deep gratitude to Mr. '()"r G"(!")*M"#"+&r* Mr.A,s& S"r)"* E#+#&&r*Mr. S(/""r R""!*(#$r E#+#&&r* Mr.
D"r)&s D(!!* (#$r E#+#&&r* at PGCIL D&r"/(# S(,s!"!$# for their a'ti(e support)inputs)patien'e)'ontinuous guidan'e and 'onstru'ti(e 'riti'is$ithout $hi'h it $ou!d ha(e *een diffi'u!t for e to 'op!ete this pro+e't The&$ere generous enough to ta%e tie out of their regu!ar $or% to !end a he!ping hand$hene(er # needed one and ena*!ing e to 'op!ete this pro+e't # a!so ta%e thisopportunit& to than% a!! the inforants $ho agreed to he!p e in the stud& and for
ta%ing their pre'ious tie out to pro(ide e the ateria! $ithout $hi'h'opi!ation of this report $ou!d not ha(e *een possi*!e
Last but b !" #$a!s t%$ &$ast' I a# ()at$*u& t" t%$ Training andPlacement Cell "* # +!st+tut$' %$a,$, b Mr. Sachin Pasricha*") )".+,+!( a /u+k tu)!a)"u!, t+#$ *") a&& t%$ )$/u$sts
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.NO. CONTENTS PAGENO.1. INTRODUCTION 5
- ABOUT CORPORATION
5
- O,-ECT#.ES -7- .#S#ON - M#SS#ON 2. lectrical S!"stati#n 4-25
2." I!t)",ut+"! 4
2.,Fu!t+"!s "* a Substat+"!
10-11 2.6 C&ass+at+"!s "* Substat+"!s 11-15 2./ Substat+"! S+t$ S$&$t+"! 15
2.& Substat+"! Pa)ts a!, E/u+#$!t 15-17 2.% Substat+"! P)"t$t+"! 17-20 2.+ F")#at+"! "* Substat+"! Ea)t%+!( 20-22 2. L+(%t!+!( P)"t$t+"! 22-25 3. O(er(ie$ of /001200%( Su*station Dehradun 2-
3.",rief a*out 3ro+e't
2 3., S'ope of 3ro+e't 2-2 3.6 A#S 2-24 3./ Coponent at Site 24 3./.1 Lightning Arrester 24-32
3./.2 Capa'iti(e .o!tage transforer 32-35 3./.3 Wa(e Trap 35-3 3./. Gantr& 3 3./.5 Current Transforer 3-0
3./. Dis'onne'tor 0-3 3./.7 Cir'uit ,rea%er -53
3./ ,us 4ea'tor 53-55 3./.4 Auto Transforer 5-
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. Mis'e!!aneous 5-77 .1 #nsu!ator 5
.2 Condu'tor 5-4 .3 Corona 4ing 4-70 . OLTC in Transforer 70-71
.5 Marsha!ing ,ox 71 . S$it'hing S'hee 71-73
.7 ,us Coup!er 7 . 3LCC 7-75 .4 SCADA 75-77
5. Con'!usion 7
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1. INTRODUCTION
ABOUT CORPORATION:
The 3o$er Grid Corporation of #ndia Liited a 5Na(aratna6 Centra! 3u*!i'Se'tor Enterprise 73OWE4G4#D8) is an #ndian state9o$ned e!e'tri' uti!ities'opan& head:uartered in Gurgaon) #ndia 3OWE4G4#D transits a*out 0<of the tota! po$er generated in #ndia on its transission net$or% P#$er%rid C#rrati#n #' India (imited )PO*R%RI+, 5as+!")")at$, "! Ot"b$) 23' 1676 u!,$) t%$ C"#a!+$s At'1689 5+t% a! aut%")+:$, s%a)$ a+ta& "* Rs 8'000 C)")$;subs$/u$!t& $!%a!$, t" Rs 10'000 C)")$ +! F+!a!+a&
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re'ognied as a Miniratna 'ategor&9# 3u*!i' Se'tor nderta%ing in O'to*er ?@@> and 'onferred the status of "Na(ratna" *& the Go(ernent of #ndia in Ma&200> 3OWE4G4#D) as the Centra! Transission ti!it& of the 'ountr&) is
p!a&ing a a+or ro!e in #ndian 3o$er Se'tor and is a!so pro(iding Open A''ess
on its inter9State transission s&ste
OBECTI8ES :-
T%$ C")")at+"! %as s$t *"&&"5+!( "b?$t+.$s +! &+!$ 5+t% +ts#+ss+"! a!, +ts status as C$!t)a& T)a!s#+ss+"! Ut+&+t t"@
U!,$)tak$ t)a!s#+ss+"! "* $&$t)+ "5$) t%)"u(% I!t$)-Stat$ T)a!s#+ss+"! Sst$#
D+s%a)($ a&& *u!t+"!s "* &a!!+!( a!, ""),+!at+"! )$&at+!(t" I!t$)-Stat$ T)a!s#+ss+"! Sst$# 5+t%-
Stat$ T)a!s#+ss+"! Ut+&+t+$s C$!t)a& G".$)!#$!t
Stat$ G".$)!#$!t
G$!$)at+!( C"#a!+$s9
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R$(+"!a& P"5$) C"##+tt$$s
Aut%")+t
L+$!s$$s
A! "t%$) $)s"! !"t+$, b t%$ C$!t)a& G".$)!#$!t +!t%+s b$%a&*
T" $!su)$ ,$.$&"#$!t "* a! $+$!t' ""),+!at$, a!,$"!"#+a& sst$# "* +!t$)-stat$ t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s *")s#""t% "5 "* $&$t)++t *)"# ($!$)at+!( stat+"!s t" t%$&"a, $!t$)s
E+$!t O$)at+"! a!, Ma+!t$!a!$ "* T)a!s#+ss+"!
Sst$#s R$st")+!( "5$) +! /u+k$st "ss+b&$ t+#$ +! t%$ $.$!t "*
a! !atu)a& ,+sast$)s &+k$ su$)-&"!$' "", $t t%)"u(%,$&"#$!t "* E#$)($! R$st")at+"! Sst$#s
P)".+,$ "!su&ta! s$).+$s at !at+"!a& a!, +!t$)!at+"!a&&$.$&s +! t)a!s#+ss+"! s$t") bas$, "! t%$ +!-%"us$$$)t+s$ ,$.$&"$, b t%$ ")(a!+:at+"!
Pa)t++at$ +! &"!( ,+sta!$ T)u!k T$&$"##u!+at+"!bus+!$ss .$!tu)$s
E!su)$ )+!+&$s "* R$&+ab+&+t' S$u)+t a!, E"!"##at%$, 5+t% t%$ )+s+!( ,$s+)ab&$ $$tat+"! "* a &$a!$)'sa*$)' %$a&t%+$) E!.+)"!#$!t "* $"&$' b"t% a$t$, a!,b$!$t$, b +ts at+.+t+$s
8ISION :-
Keeping pa'e $ith 'hanging *usiness en(ironent) 3OWE4G4#D had set
its .ision and a!igned its ission and o*+e'ti(es as a (anguard of foresight
>
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")&, C&ass' I!t$()at$,' G&"ba& T)a!s#+ss+"! C"#a! 5+t%D"#+!a!t L$a,$)s%+ +! E#$)(+!( P"5$) Ma)k$ts E!su)+!(R$&+ab+&+t' Sa*$t a!, E"!"#
MISSION :-
We $i!! *e'oe a G!o*a! Transission Copan& $ith Doinant Leadership inEerging 3o$er Mar%ets $ith Wor!d C!ass Capa*i!ities *&F
Wor!d C!assF Setting superior standards in 'apita! pro+e't anageent andoperations for the industr& and ourse!(es
G!o*a!F Le(eraging 'apa*i!ities to 'onsistent!& generate axiu (a!ue for a!!sta%eho!ders in #ndia and in eerging and gro$ing e'onoies
#nspiring) nurturing and epo$ering the next generation of professiona!s A'hie(ing 'ontinuous ipro(eents through inno(ation and state of the art
te'hno!og&
Coitting to highest standards in hea!th) safet&) se'urit& and en(ironent
2. (CTRICA( SUBSTATION
a. INTRO+UCTION:-
A! $&$t)+a& N$t5")k "#)+s$s "* t%$ *"&&"5+!( sst$#s@
G$!$)at+!( Stat+"!s
T)a!s#+ss+"! Sst$#s
R$$+.+!( Stat+"!s
D+st)+but+"! Sst$#s
L"a, P"+!ts
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I! a&& t%$s$ sst$#s' t%$ "5$) "5 "* $&$t)+a& $!$)( tak$s&a$ t%)"u(% E&$t)+a& Substat+"!s A! E&$t)+a& Substat+"! +s a!ass$#b&a($ "* $&$t)+a& "#"!$!ts +!&u,+!( busba)s's5+t%($a)' "5$) t)a!s*")#$)s' au+&+a)+$s' $t Bas+a&& a!
$&$t)+a& substat+"! "!s+sts "* a !u#b$) "* +!"#+!( +)u+ts a!,"ut("+!( +)u+ts "!!$t$, t" "##"! busba) sst$# Busba)sa)$ "!,ut+!( ba)s t" 5%+% a !u#b$) "* +!"#+!( ") "ut("+!(+)u+ts a)$ "!!$t$, Ea% +)u+t %as $)ta+! $&$t)+a&"#"!$!ts su% as +)u+t-b)$ak$)s' +s"&at")s' $a)t%+!( s5+t%$s'u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s' ."&ta($ t)a!s*")#$)s' $t T%$s$"#"!$!ts a)$ "!!$t$, +! a ,$!+t$ s$/u$!$ su% t%at a+)u+t a! b$ s5+t%$, ""! ,u)+!( !")#a& "$)at+"! b
#a!ua&)$#"t$ "##a!, a!, a&s" aut"#at+a&& ,u)+!( ab!")#a&"!,+t+"!s su% as s%")t-+)u+ts A substat+"! )$$+.$s $&$t)+a&"5$) *)"# ($!$)at+!( stat+"! .+a +!"#+!( t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$sa!, ,$&+.$)s $&$t)+a& "5$) .+a t%$ "ut("+!( t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$sSubstat+"!s a)$ +!t$()a& a)ts "* a "5$) sst$# a!, *")#+#")ta!t &+!ks b$t5$$! t%$ ($!$)at+!( stat+"!s' t)a!s#+ss+"!a!, ,+st)+but+"! sst$#s a!, t%$ &"a, "+!ts
". -!ncti#ns #' a s!"stati#n
A! $&$t)++t su& u!,$)tak+!( ($!$)a&& a+#s at t%$ *"&&"5+!(
• Su& "* )$/u+)$, $&$t)+a& "5$) t" a&& t%$ "!su#$)s"!t+!u"us& at a&& t+#$s
• Ma+#u# "ss+b&$ ".$)a($ "* t%$ su& !$t5")k ".$) t%$(+.$! ($"()a%+a& a)$a
• Ma+#u# s$u)+t "* su&
• S%")t$st "ss+b&$ *au&t ,u)at+"!
• Ot+#u# $+$! "* &a!ts a!, t%$ !$t5")k
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• Su& "* $&$t)+a& "5$) 5+t%+! ta)($t$, *)$/u$! &+#+ts
• Su& "* $&$t)+a& "5$) 5+t%+! s$+$, ."&ta($ &+#+ts
• Su& "* $&$t)+a& $!$)( t" t%$ "!su#$)s at t%$ &"5$st "st
As a )$su&t "* t%$s$ "b?$t+.$s' t%$)$ a)$ .a)+"us tasks 5%+% a)$&"s$& ass"+at$, 5+t% t%$ ($!$)at+"!' t)a!s#+ss+"!' ,+st)+but+"!a!, ut+&+:at+"! "* t%$ $&$t)+a& $!$)( T%$s$ tasks a)$ $)*")#$,b .a)+"us' #a!ua&' s$#+-aut"#at+ a!, *u&& aut"#at+ ,$.+$s&"at$, +! ($!$)at+!( stat+"!s a!, substat+"!s
T%$ tasks ass"+at$, 5+t% a #a?") substat+"! +! t%$ t)a!s#+ss+"!
sst$# +!&u,$ t%$ *"&&"5+!(@
• C"!t)"&&+!( t%$ $%a!($ "* $!$)(
• P)"t$t+"! "* t)a!s#+ss+"! sst$#
• E!su)+!( st$a, stat$ a!, t)a!s+$!t stab+&+t
• L"a, s%$,,+!( a!, )$.$!t+"! "* &"ss "* s!%)"!+s#
•
Ma+!ta+!+!( t%$ sst$# *)$/u$! 5+t%+! ta)($t$, &+#+ts• V"&ta($ "!t)"&' )$,u+!( t%$ )$at+.$ "5$) "5 b
"#$!sat+"! "* )$at+.$ "5$)' ta-%a!(+!(
• S$u)+!( t%$ su& b )".+,+!( a,$/uat$ &+!$ aa+t a!,*a+&+t *") %a!(+!( t%$ t)a!s#+ss+"! at%s
• Data t)a!s#+ss+"! .+a "5$) &+!$ a))+$) *") t%$ u)"s$ "* !$t5")k #"!+t")+!(' "!t)"& a!, )"t$t+"!
• D$t$)#+!+!( t%$ $!$)( t)a!s*$) t%)"u(% t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s a!,t+$-&+!$s
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• Fau&t a!a&s+s a!, +!-"+!t+!( t%$ aus$ a!, subs$/u$!t+#)".$#$!ts
• S$u)+!( su& b *$$,+!( t%$ !$t5")k at .a)+"us "+!ts
A&& t%$s$ tasks a)$ $)*")#$, b t%$ t$a# 5")k "* &"a,-"!t)"&$!t)$ a!, "!t)"& )""#s "* substat+"!s T%$ substat+"!s$)*")# s$.$)a& +#")ta!t tasks a!, a)$ +!t$()a& a)t "* t%$"5$) sst$#
c. C(ASSI-ICATIONS O- SUB STATIONS
Based ON Nat!re O' +!ties
St$ u ") )+#a) E&$t)+a& P"5$) substat+"!@
P)+#a) substat+"!s a)$ ass"+at$, 5+t% t%$ "5$) ($!$)at+!(&a!ts 5%$)$ t%$ ."&ta($ +s st$$, u *)"# &"5 ."&ta($ ;33'99' 11' 33kV= t" 220kV ") 400kV *") t)a!s#+tt+!( t%$ "5$)
s" t%at %u($ a#"u!t "* "5$) a! b$ t)a!s#+tt$, ".$) a &a)($,+sta!$ t" &"a, $!t$)s
P)+#a) G)+, E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@
Su% substat+"!s a)$ &"at$, at su+tab&$ &"a, $!t$)s a&"!(
5+t% t%$ )+#a) t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s At )+#a) G)+, P"5$)
Substat+"!s t%$ )+#a) t)a!s#+ss+"! ."&ta($ ;220kV ")
400kV= +s st$$, ,"5! t" s$"!,a) t)a!s#+ss+"! ."&ta($s;110kV ") 220V= T%+s S$"!,a) t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s a)$
a))+$, ".$) t" S$"!,a) P"5$) Substat+"!s s+tuat$, at t%$
&"a, $!t$)s 5%$)$ t%$ ."&ta($ +s *u)t%$) st$$, ,"5! t" Sub11
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Su% Substat+"!s a)$ &"at$, 5%$)$ AC t" DC "!.$)s+"! +s)$/u+)$, I! HVDC t)a!s#+ss+"! C"!.$)t+!( Substat+"!s a)$$#&"$, "! b"t% s+,$s "* HVDC &+!k *") "!.$)t+!( AC t" DCa!, a(a+! "!.$)t+!( bak *)"# DC t" AC C"!.$)t+!( P"5$)
Substat+"!s a)$ a&s" $#&"$, 5%$)$ *)$/u$! +s t" b$"!.$)t$, *)"# %+(%$) t" &"5$) a!, &"5$) t" %+(%$) T%+s t$"* *)$/u$! "!.$)s+"! +s )$/u+)$, +! "!!$t+!( t" G)+,Sst$#s
Based #n O&erati#n 1#ltage
H+(% V"&ta($ E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@
T%+s t$ "* Substat+"! ass"+at$, 5+t% "$)at+!( ."&ta($sb$t5$$! 11kV a!, 99kV
Et)a H+(% V"&ta($ E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@
T%+s t$ "* Substat+"! +s ass"+at$, 5%$)$ t%$ "$)at+!(."&ta($ +s b$t5$$! 132kV a!, 400kV
U&t)a H+(% V"&ta($ E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@
Substat+"!s 5%$)$ O$)at+!( V"&ta($s a)$ ab".$ 400kV a)$
a&&$, U&t)a H+(% V"&ta($ Substat+"!
Based On S!"stati#n +esign
Out,"") E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!s@
Out,"") P"5$) Substat+"!s' t%$ .a)+"us $&$t)+a& $/u+#$!tsa)$ +!sta&&$, +! t%$ s5+t%a), b$&"5 t%$ sk E&$t)+a&
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$/u+#$!t +s #"u!t$, "! su")t st)utu)$s t" "bta+!su+$!t ()"u!, &$a)a!$
I!,"") E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@
I! I!,"") P"5$) Substat+"!s t%$ aa)atus +s +!sta&&$, 5+t%+!t%$ substat+"! bu+&,+!( Su% substat+"!s a)$ usua&& *") t%$)at+!( "* 99kV I!,"") Substat+"!s a)$ )$*$))$, +! %$a.+&"&&ut$, a)$as a!, P"5$) Substat+"!s s+tuat$, !$a) t%$ s$as;sa&+!$ at#"s%$)$ aus$s I!su&at") Fa+&u)$s )$su&ts +!F&as%".$)s=
Based #n +esign C#ng!rati#n
A+) I!su&at$, E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@
I! A+) I!su&at$, P"5$) Substat+"!s busba)s a!, "!!$t")s a)$.+s+b$ I! t%+s P"5$) Substat+"!s C+)u+t B)$ak$)s a!, Is"&at")s'
T)a!s*")#$)s' Cu))$!t T)a!s*")#$)s' P"t$!t+a& T)a!s*")#$)s $ta)$ +!sta&&$, +! t%$ "ut,"") Busba)s a)$ su")t$, "! t%$"st I!su&at")s ") St)a+! I!su&at")s Substat+"!s %a.$
(a&.a!+:$, St$$& St)utu)$s *") su")t+!( t%$ $/u+#$!t'+!su&at")s a!, +!"#+!( a!, "ut("+!( &+!$s C&$a)a!$s a)$t%$ )+#a) )+t$)+a *") t%$s$ substat+"!s a!, "u a &a)($a)$a *") +!sta&&at+"!
Gas I!su&at$, E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@
I! Gas I!su&at$, Substat+"! Va)+"us P"5$) Substat+"!$/u+#$!ts &+k$ C+)u+t B)$ak$)s' Cu))$!t T)a!s*")#$)s'
V"&ta($ T)a!s*")#$)s' Busba)s' Ea)t% S5+t%$s' Is"&at")s' Su)($A))$st$) $t a)$ +! t%$ *")# "* #$ta& $!&"s$, SF9 (as#",u&$s T%$ #",u&$s a)$ ass$#b&$, +! a"),a!$ 5+t% t%$)$/u+)$, C"!(u)at+"! T%$ .a)+"us L+.$ a)ts a)$ $!&"s$, +!t%$ #$ta& $!&"su)$s ;#",u&$s= "!ta+!+!( SF9 (as at %+(%
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)$ssu)$ T%us t%$ s+:$ "* P"5$) Substat+"! )$,u$s t" 7 t"10 "* t%$ A+) I!su&at$, P"5$) Substat+"!
Hb)+, E&$t)+a& P"5$) Substat+"!@
Hb)+, Substat+"!s a)$ t%$ "#b+!at+"! "* b"t% C"!.$!t+"!a&Substat+"! a!, Gas I!su&at$, Substat+"! S"#$ bas +! aP"5$) Substat+"! a)$ Gas I!su&at$, T$ a!, s"#$ a)$ A+)I!su&at$, T$ T%$ ,$s+(! +s bas$, "! "!.$!+$!$' L"a&C"!,+t+"!s a.a+&ab&$' a)$a a.a+&ab&$ a!, C"st
d. SUBSTATION SIT S(CTION
T%$ as$ts !$$ssa) t" b$ "!s+,$)$, *") s+t$ s$&$t+"! a)$
• Fa+)& &$.$& ()"u!,
• R+(%t "* 5a a)"u!, t%$ substat+"! a), *") +!"#+!( "ut("+!( t)a!s#+ss+"! ,+st)+but+"! &+!$s
•
P)$*$)ab& "* s"+& st)ata %a.+!( &"5 $a)t% )$s+sta!$ .a&u$s• Eas a)"a% a$ss+b+&+t *)"# #a+! )"a,s *") H$a.
$/u+#$!t t)a!s")tat+"! a!, )"ut+!$ O M "* substat+"!
• E"!"# C"st
e. SUBSTATION PART AN+ 3UIPMNT
Out,"") S5+t%a),@ - - I!"#+!( "ut("+!( &+!$s
-Busba)s
-T)a!s*")#$)s
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-I!su&at")s
-Substat+"! E/u+#$!t su% as C+)u+tb)$ak$)s' Is"&at")s' Ea)t%+!(' S5+t%$s'
Su)($ A))$st$)s' CTs' VTsCVTs -N$ut)a& G)"u!,+!( E/u+#$!t
-Stat+"! Ea)t%+!( sst$# "#)+s+!( ()"u!,#at' )+s$)s' $a)t%+!( st)+s' $a)t%+!( s+k$s
-O.$)%$a, $a)t%5+)$ s%+$&,+!( a(a+!st&+(%t!+!( st)"k$s' ")' &+(%t!+!( #asts
-Ga&.a!+s$, st$$& st)utu)$s *") t"5$)s'(a!t)+$s' $/u+#$!t su")ts
-PLCC E/u+#$!t +!&u,+!( &+!$ t)a' tu!+!(u!+t' "u&+!( aa+t")' $t
-P"5$) ab&$s
-C"!t)"& ab&$s *") )"t$t+"! a!, "!t)"&
-R"a,s' Ra+&5a t)ak' ab&$ t)$!%$s -Stat+"! &+(%t+!( sst$#
11 33 kV S5+t%($a)@- - 33 kV Out,"") S5+t%($a)
-11 kV I!,"") S5+t%($a)
LT Pa!$&s@ - - L"5 ."&ta($ AC S5+t%($a)
- C"!t)"& Pa!$&s' P)"t$t+"! Pa!$&s
Batt$) )""#@ - - DC Batt$) sst$# a!, %a)(+!($/u+#$!t
D+st)+but+"! sst$#
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M$%a!+a&' E&$t)+a&@ - - F+)$(%t+!( sst$# O+&u)+at+"! sst$# a!,
Ot%$) au+&+a)+$s Substat+"!
a)ts a!, $/u+#$!t@
- C""&+!( 5at$) sst$#
- T$&$%"!$ sst$#
0 -")ks%"J st")$s $t
P)"t$t+"! sst$#@ - - CTs' CVTs
- P)"t$t+.$ R$&as
- C+)u+t b)$ak$)s
SCADA@ - -C"#ut$)M+)")"$ss")s' Data"&&$t+"! sst$#'
Data )"$ss+!(
- Ma!-#a%+!$ +!t$)*a$
- E$)t sst$# $t
'. SUBSTATION PROTCTION
S!"stati#n %r#!nding/ arthing
T%$ s"&$ u)"s$ "* substat+"! ()"u!,+!($a)t%+!( +s t" )"t$tt%$ $/u+#$!t *)"# su)($s a!, &+(%t!+!( st)+k$s a!, t" )"t$tt%$ "$)at+!( $)s"!s +! t%$ substat+"! H$!$ +!t$!t+"!a&
1>
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$a)t%+!( sst$# +s )$at$, b &a+!( $a)t%+!( )", "* #+&, st$$&+! t%$ s"+& "* substat+"! a)$a A&& $/u+#$!tsst)utu)$s 5%+%a)$ !"t #$a!t t" a)) t%$ u))$!ts *") !")#a& "$)at+!(sst$# a)$ "!!$t$, 5+t% #a+! $a)t% #at T%$ substat+"!
$a)t%+!( sst$# +s !$$ssa) *") "!!$t+!( !$ut)a& "+!ts "*t)a!s*")#$)s a!, ($!$)at")s t" ()"u!, a!, a&s" *") "!!$t+!(t%$ !"!-u))$!t a))+!( #$ta& a)ts su% as st)utu)$s'".$)%$a, s%+$&,+!( 5+)$s' ta!ks' *)a#$s' $t t" $a)t% Ea)t%+!("* su)($ a))$st$)s +s t%)"u(% t%$ $a)t%+!( sst$# T%$ *u!t+"!"* substat+"! $a)t%+!( sst$# +s t" )".+,$ a ()"u!,+!( #atb$&"5 t%$ $a)t% su)*a$ +! a!, a)"u!, t%$ substat+"! 5%+% 5+&&%a.$ u!+*")#& :$)" "t$!t+a& 5+t% )$s$t t" ()"u!, a!, &"5
$a)t% )$s+sta!$
The earthing sstem in a s!"stati#n
It )"t$ts t%$ &+*$ a!, )"$)t *)"# ".$)-."&ta($
T" &+#+t st$ t"u% "t$!t+a& t" t%$ 5")k+!( sta +!substat+"!
It )".+,$s &"5 +#$,a!$ at% t" *au&t u))$!ts t" $!su)$
)"#t a!, "!s+st$!t "$)at+"! "* )"t$t+.$ ,$.+$It stab+&+:$s t%$ +)u+t "t$!t+a&s 5+t% )$s$t t" ()"u!, a!,&+#+t t%$ ".$)a&& "t$!t+a& )+s$
It k$$s t%$ #a+#u# ."&ta($ ()a,+$!ts 5+t%+! sa*$ &+#+t,u)+!( ()"u!, *au&t "!,+t+"! +!s+,$ a!, a)"u!, substat+"!
arth Resistance
Ea)t% R$s+sta!$ +s t%$ )$s+sta!$ "$)$, b t%$ $a)t%
$&$t)",$ t" t%$ "5 "* u))$!t +! t" t%$ ()"u!, T" )".+,$ asu+$!t& &"5 )$s+sta!$ at% t" t%$ $a)t% t" #+!+#+:$ t%$ )+s$+! $a)t% "t$!t+a& 5+t% )$s$t t" a )$#"t$ $a)t% *au&t P$)s"!st"u%+!( a! "* t%$ !"!-u))$!t a))+!( ()"u!,$, a)ts s%a&&
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!"t )$$+.$ a ,a!($)"us s%"k ,u)+!( a! $a)t% *au&t Ea%st)utu)$' t)a!s*")#$) ta!k' b", "* $/u+#$!t' $t' s%"u&, b$"!!$t$, t" $a)t%+!( #at b t%$+) "5! $a)t% "!!$t+"!
Ste& P#tential and T#!ch P#tential
G)"u!,+!( sst$# +! a! $&$t)+a& sst$# +s ,$s+(!$, t"a%+$.$ &"5 $a)t% )$s+sta!$ a!, a&s" t" a%+$.$ sa*$ KSt$P"t$!t+a& Ka!, KT"u% P"t$!t+a&
Ste& P#tential
St$ "t$!t+a& +s t%$ "t$!t+a& ,+$)$!$ b$t5$$! t%$ *$$t "* a$)s"! sta!,+!( "! t%$ "") "* t%$ substat+"!' 5+t% 08 #sa+!( b$t5$$! t%$ *$$t ;"!$ st$=' t%)"u(% t%$ "5 "* $a)t%*au&t u))$!t t%)"u(% t%$ ()"u!,+!( sst$#
T#!ch P#tential
T"u% "t$!t+a& +s a "t$!t+a& ,+$)$!$ b$t5$$! t%$ !($)s "*)a+s$, %a!, t"u%+!( t%$ *au&t$, st)utu)$ a!, t%$ *$$t "* t%$
$)s"! sta!,+!( "! t%$ substat+"! "") T%$ $)s"! s%"u&, !"t($t a s%"k $.$! +* t%$ ()"u!,$, st)utu)$ +s a))+!( *au&tu))$!t' +$ T%$ T"u% P"t$!t+a& s%"u&, b$ .$) s#a&&
Usua&&' +! a substat+"! a su)*a$ &a$) "* 180 ## "* )"k;G)a.$&= "* 18 ## t" 20 ## s+:$ s%a&& b$ us$, *") t%$ *"&&"5+!()$as"!s@
1 T" )".+,$ %+(% )$s+st+.+t *") 5")k+!( $)s"!!$&
2 T" #+!+#+:$ %a:a),s *)"# )$t+&$s
3 T" ,+s"u)a($ ()"5t% "* 5$$,
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4 T" #a+!ta+! t%$ )$s+st+.+t "* s"+& at &"5$) .a&u$ b )$ta+!+!(#"+stu)$ +! t%$ u!,$) &a+!( s"+&
8 T" )$.$!t substat+"! su)*a$ #u,, a!, 5at$) &"(($,
g. -ORMATION O- SUBSTATION ART5IN% -
T%$ #a+! $a)t% #at s%a&& b$ &a+, %")+:"!ta&& at a )$(u&a)sa+!( +! b"t% < ,+)$t+"!;6#= bas$, u"! s"+& )$s+st+.+t.a&u$ a!, substat+"! &a"ut a))a!($#$!t T%$ #a+! $a)t% #ats%a&& b$ &a+, at a ,$t% "* 900 ## *)"# ()"u!, T%$ $a)t% #ats%a&& b$ "!!$t$, t" t%$ *"&&"5+!( +! substat+"!
+ L+(%t!+!( ,"5! "!,ut")' $ak "* &+(%t!+!( #ast
++ Ea)t% "+!t "* SA' CVT+++ N$ut)a& "+!t "* "5$) T)a!s*")#$) a!, R$at")
+. E/u+#$!t *)a#$5")k a!, "t%$) !"!-u))$!t a))+!( a)ts
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. M$ta&&+ *)a#$s !"t ass"+at$, 5+t% $/u+#$!ts
.+ Cab&$ )aks' ab&$ t)as a!, ab&$ a)#")
6!i&ment and Str!ct!re arthing in S!"stati#n
+= Ea)t%+!( a,s a)$ )".+,$, *") t%$ aa)atus$/u+#$!ts ata$ss+b&$ "s+t+"! T%$ "!!$t+"! b$t5$$! $a)t%+!( a,s a!,t%$ $a)t%+!( ()+, +s #a,$ b t5" s%")t $a)t%+!( &$a,s ;"!$ ,+)$ta!, a!"t%$) t%)"u(% t%$ su")t st)utu)$= *)$$ *)"# k+!ks a!,s&+$s b >8 ## 12 ## GS $a)t% at T%$ GS $a)t% at +s5$&,$, t" a MS R", )+s$) 5%+% +s "!!$t$, t" t%$ $a)t% #at +!
()"u!,
++= A&& st$$&RCC "&u#!s' #$ta&&+ sta+)s $t a)$ "!!$t$, t" t%$!$a)b $a)t%+!( ()+, "!,ut") b t5" $a)t%+!( &$a,s E&$t)+a&"!t+!u+t +s $!su)$, b b"!,+!( ,+$)$!t s$t+"!s "* )a+&s a!,#$ta&&+ sta+)s
+++= M$ta&&+ +$s' "!,u+ts a!, ab&$ t)a s$t+"!s *") ab&$+!sta&&at+"! a)$ b"!,$, t" $!su)$ $&$t)+a& "!t+!u+t a!,
"!!$t$, t" $a)t%+!( "!,ut")s at )$(u&a) +!t$).a& Aa)t *)"#+!t$)#$,+at$ "!!$t+"!s' b$(+!!+!( "+!ts a)$ a&s" "!!$t$, t"$a)t%+!( sst$#
+.= A s$a)at$ $a)t%+!( "!,ut") s%"u&, b$ )".+,$, *") $a)t%+!(t%$ &+(%t+!( tu)$s' )$$ta&$s' s5+t%$s' ?u!t+"! b"$s'&+(%t+!( "!,u+ts $t
.= A "!t+!u"us ()"u!, "!,ut") "* 19 SG GI 5+)$ +s )u! a&&
a&"!( $a% "!,u+t )u! a!, b"!,$, at $.$) 900 ## b !"t &$sst%a! t5" tu)!s "* t%$ sa#$ s+:$ "* 5+)$s T%$ C"!,ut") +s"!!$t$, t" $a% a!$& ()"u!, bus' a&& ?u!t+"! b"$s')$$ta&$s' &+(%t+!( tu)$s $t
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.+= Ra+&5a t)aks 5+t%+! s5+t%a), a)$ $a)t%$, at a sa+!( "*30 # a!, a&s" at b"t% $!,s
.++= 80 ## 9 ## MS ;") "* s$+$, s+:$= at )u!s "! t%$ t"
t+$) a!, a&& a&"!( t%$ ab&$ t)$!%$s a!, t%$ sa#$ +s 5$&,$, t"$a% "* t%$ )aks Fu)t%$) t%+s at +s $a)t%$, at b"t% $!,s at a!+!t$).a& "* 30 #t)s T%$ MS at +s !a&& a+!t$, 5+t% t5" "ats") R$, "+,$ )+#$) a!, t5" "ats "* P"st O$ )$, $!a#$& a+!t") "* s$+$, #at$)+a&
.+++= I! +s"&at") t%$ bas$ *)a#$ +s "!!$t$, t" t%$ $a)t% #at
h. (I%5TNIN% PROTCTION
T%$ )"t$t+"! *)"# t%$ &+(%t!+!( +s ,"!$ 5+t% t%$ %$& "* s%+$&,5+)$ a!, &+(%t!+!( #ast ;%+(% &att+$ st)utu)$ 5+t% a s+k$ "!t"=
Shield $ire
S%+$&, 5+)$ &+(%t!+!( )"t$t+"! sst$# 5+&& b$ ($!$)a&& us$, +!s#a&&$) sub stat+"!s "*@
L"5$) ."&ta($ &ass' 5%$)$ !u#b$) "* bas +s &$ss' a)$a "* t%$substat+"! +s s#a&&' %$+(%t "* t%$ #a+! st)utu)$s +s "* !")#a&%$+(%t T%$ #a?") ,+sa,.a!ta($ "* s%+$&, 5+)$ t$ &+(%t!+!()"t$t+"! +s' t%at +t aus$s s%")t +)u+t +! t%$ substat+"! ") #a$.$! ,a#a($ t%$ "st& $/u+#$!ts +! as$ "* +ts *a+&u)$;s!a+!( =
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(ightning masts )(M,
T%+s t$ "* )"t$t+"! 5+&& b$ ($!$)a&& us$, +! &a)($' $t)a %+(%."&ta($ sub stat+"!s 5%$)$ !u#b$) "* bas +s #")$ It %as t%$
*"&&"5+!( a,.a!ta($s@- #t redu'es the height of ain stru'tures) as pea%s for shie!d $ire are not re:uired
- #t reo(es the possi*i!it& of an& *a'% f!asho(er $ith the near*&
e:uipents1stru'ture) et' During dis'harge of !ightning stro%es
- 3ro(ides fa'i!it& for ho!ding the !ightning fixtures in the su*station for i!!uination purposes
- Aestheti' !oo%
S&9&6!$# $% LM &+!:
The fa'tors to *e 'onsidered areF
•The height of the LM $i!! *e de'ided) depending upon the height of e:uipent to *e prote'ted
•The prote'tion one or 'o(erage area of LM in'reases $ith the in'rease of itsheight Ben'e LMs height depends upon the height of e:uipent to *e prote'ted•The prote'tion one of sae LM $ou!d *e ore if the e:uipent height to *e
prote'ted is !ess
H The nu*ers of !ightning asts in su*station 'an *e redu'ed *& in'reasing theheight of LM) *ut this $i!! 'ause in'rease in 'ost of stru'ture and 'i(i!foundations
•The detai!ed ana!&sis and experien'e re(ea!ed that 0tr LM height ise'onoi'a! proposition I hen'e to *e !iited to this height
•The insta!!ed LM in the su*station 'o(ers an area of //@ die 'ir'!e #t has2 high spi%e
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• arth $ire
O.$)%$a, "5$) &+!$s a)$ "*t$! $/u+$, 5+t% a ()"u!, "!,ut");s%+$&, 5+)$ ") ".$)%$a, $a)t% 5+)$= A ()"u!, "!,ut") +s a"!,ut") t%at +s usua&& ()"u!,$, ;$a)t%$,= at t%$ t" "* t%$su")t+!( st)utu)$ t" #+!+#+:$ t%$ &+k$&+%"", "* ,+)$t &+(%t!+!(st)+k$s t" t%$ %as$ "!,ut")s T%$ ()"u!, 5+)$ +s a&s" a a)a&&$&at% 5+t% t%$ $a)t% *") *au&t u))$!ts +! $a)t%$, !$ut)a& +)u+tsV$) %+(%-."&ta($ t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s #a %a.$ t5" ()"u!,"!,ut")s T%$s$ a)$ $+t%$) at t%$ "ut$)#"st $!,s "* t%$ %+(%$st)"ss b$a#' at t5" V-s%a$, #ast "+!ts' ") at a s$a)at$ )"ssa)# B )"t$t+!( t%$ &+!$ *)"# &+(%t!+!(' t%$ ,$s+(! "* aa)atus+! substat+"!s +s s+#&+$, ,u$ t" &"5$) st)$ss "! +!su&at+"!S%+$&, 5+)$s "! t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s #a +!&u,$ "t+a& b$)s;OPG=' us$, *") "##u!+at+"! a!, "!t)"& "* t%$ "5$)sst$#
>399 ## 5+)$ +s us$, *") )".+,+!( $a)t%+!( +! &+(%t!+!( #asta!, t"5$)s
T%$ #a+! *u!t+"! "* Ea)t% 5+)$ G)"u!, 5+)$ +s t" )".+,$)"t$t+"! a(a+!st ,+)$t &+(%t$!+!( st)"k$s t" t%$ &+!$ "!,ut")s") t"5$)s I! a,,+t+"! G)"u!, 5+)$ )$,u$s t%$ +!,u$, ."&ta($ "!a)a&&$& t$&$"# &+!$s u!,$) *au&t "!,+t+"!
G)"u!, 5+)$ #ust #$$t t%$ *"&&"5+!( )$/u+)$#$!ts@
9 It #ust b$ ab&$ t" a)) t%$ #a+#u# &+(%t$!+!( u))$!t5+t%"ut u!,u$ ".$)%$at+!(
9 It #ust b$ st)"!( #$%a!+a&&
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9 It #ust b$ %+(% $!"u(% t" a"), )"t$t+"! t" a&& t%$ &+!$"!,ut")s T%+s *u!t+"! +s a&&$, s%+$&,+!(
9 It #ust %a.$ $!"u(% &$a)a!$ ab".$ t%$ &+!$ "!,ut")s at
#+,-sa! t" )$.$!t a s+,$ as%".$) t" a &+!$ "!,ut")9 T"5$) *""t+!( )$s+sta!$ s%"u&, b$ &"5
7. AN O1R1I* O- 400/22081 AIS SUBSTATION
S5RPUR +5RA+UN
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a. BRI- ABOUT PRO9CT
T%+s )"?$t +s $!.+sa($, u!,$) N")t%$)! R$(+"! St)$!(t%$!+!(S%$#$-VIII ;NRSS-VIII= DEHRADUN-BAGPAT 400 V DC &+!$;1>0k#=T%$ )"?$t +s +! +ts "!st)ut+"! %as$ T%+s substat+"!tak$s +!"#+!( *)"# Ba(at at 400 V a!, )".+,$ a!a))a!($#$!t "* s+ s$"!,a) 220V &+!$s .+a t5" +!t$)-
"!!$t+!( t)a!s*")#$) ;ICT= "* 318 MVA $a% #ak+!( t"ta&aa+t "* 930 MVA 5%+% +s t%$! ,+st)+but$, t" t%$ stat$ a($!
T%+s Substat+"! +s )""s$, 5+t% B)$ak$) a!, Ha&* s%$#$ 5+t% I
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t$ &a"ut a))a!($#$!t *") 400V ."&ta($ &$.$& a!, D"ub&$ Ma+!a!, T)a!s*$) Bus ;DMT= s%$#$ *") 220V ."&ta($ &$.$&
". SCOP O- PRO9CT
T%$ s"$ "* t%+s s$+at+"! ".$)s t%$ *"&&"5+!(@
C"!st)ut+"! "* 400220 V D$%)a,u! substat+"! 5+t% t%$)".+s+"!s "* *"&&"5+!( bas as $) SLD
a 400 V bas *") t5" ;2= !"s40022033 V' 318 MVA Aut"t)a!s*")#$)s
b 400 V bas *") t$)#+!at+"! "* 400 V Ba(at DC &+!$
400 V ba *") 1 !" 420 V 70 MVAR Bus )$at")
, 220 V bas *") t$)#+!at+"! "* s+ ;9= !"s 220 V &+!$s
$ 220 V T)a!s*$) Bus C"u&$) Ba a!, 220 V bus "u&$) ba 1!" $a%
R$/u+)$#$!t "* t%$ D$%)a,u! substat+"!@
a 400 V a!, 220 V +)u+t b)$ak$)s' +s"&at")s' u))$!t
t)a!s*")#$)' CVT' su)($ a))$st$)
b 930 VA 330433 V Au+&+a) T)a!s*")#$) a&"!( 5+t% 33V+s"&at")' 30V su)($ a))$st$) 33V %")! (a *us$ t" b$"!!$t$, "! SEB su&
3 !"s k+"sk *") 400 V a!, 8 !"s *") 220 V'BCU *")"!t)"&&+!( a!, #"!+t")+!( "* au+&+a) sst$# 1 !"
, R$&a a!, )"t$t+"! sst$#$ PLCC sst$#
* a.$ T)as
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( F+)$ P)"t$t+"! Sst$#
% A+) C"!,+t+"!+!( Sst$#
+ LT s5+t%($a) ;ACDC ,+st)+but+"! b"a),=
? DG s$t
k Batt$)+$s a!, Batt$) C%a)($)s
& 11V ()a,$ "5$) a!, "!t)"& ab&$s a!, 33 kV ()a,$ "5$)ab&$s
# Latt+$ a!, P+$ st)utu)$s ;(a&.a!+:$,= t"5$)s' b$a#s'su")t+!( st)utu)$
! Bus P"st I!su&at")s' +!su&at")s st)+!(s' &a#s a!, "!!$t")s
" Ea)t% #ats a!, L+(%t+!( a!, +&&u#+!at+"! sst$# *") s5+t%a),a!, a)$as
CO2 t$ 48 k( )$ $t+!(u+s%$)s +! $a% k+"sk
/ Ot%$) $/u+#$!ts )$/u+)$, *") t%$ #$!t+"!$, )$/u+)$#$!ts
c. Air Ins!lated S!"stati#n )AIS, T%$ AIS us$s a+) as t%$ )+#a) ,+$&$t)+ *)"# %as$ t" %as$'a!, %as$ t" ()"u!, +!su&at+"! T%$ %a.$ b$$! +! us$ *") $a)sb$*")$ t%$ +!t)",ut+"! "* GIS
Atua&&' #"st substat+"!s a)"ss a&& )$(+"!s a)$ AIS T%$ a)$ +!$t$!s+.$ us$ +! a)$as 5%$)$ sa$' 5$at%$) "!,+t+"!s' s$+s#+"u))$!$s' a!, $!.+)"!#$!ta& "!$)!s a)$ !"t a! +ssu$ su%as )u)a& a)$as' a!, *a.")ab&$ "s+t$ t$))a+!
T%$ +!,"") AIS .$)s+"! +s "!& us$, +! %+(%& "&&ut$, a)$as' a!,sa&+!$ "!,+t+"!s' as t%$ a+) /ua&+t +s "#)"#+s$,
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A/"#!"+&s:
? The priar& 'hoi'e for areas $ith extensi(e spa'e
2 With :ua!it& design) the s&ste is (ia*!e due to the !o$ 'onstru'tion 'osts and'ost of s$it'hgear
Less 'onstru'tion tie) there*& ore suited for expedited insta!!ations
/ Eas& aintenan'e as a!! the e:uipent is $ithin (ie$ #t is eas& to noti'e andattend to fau!ts
S'ope of future expansion
d. COMPONNTS AT SIT
1. LIGTHNING ARRESTOR
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#t is the first e:uipent in a su*station Su*station design in(o!(es ore than oneinsta!!ing apparatus) prote'ti(e de(i'es and e:uipent The signifi'ant oentar&in(estent and re:uired re!ia*!e 'ontinuous operation of the fa'i!it& re:uiresdetai!ed attention to pre(enting surges fro entering the su*station fa'i!it& Theeffe'ts of distur*an'es $ith !iiting in a po$er s&ste) $hi'h if a!!o$ed to persist)a& daage p!ant and interrupt the supp!& of e!e'tri'a! energ& Lightning is one of the ost serious 'auses of o(er (o!tage #f the po$er e:uipent espe'ia!!& atoutdoor su*station is not prote'ted) the o(er9(o!tage $i!! 'ause *urning of insu!ation Thus it resu!ts into 'op!ete shutdo$n of the po$er and the !oss a&run into 'ores of %&at E!e'tri'a! e:uipent 'an *e daaged due to o(er9(o!tagesu'h as s$it'hing surge o(er9(o!tage) Lightning surge o(er9(o!tage) transientre'o(er& (o!tage and po$er fre:uen'& teporar& o(er9(o!tage in transission !ineand re'ei(ing end of su*station #t is iportant to prote't po$er e:uipent against
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the $here(er possi*!e Lightning Arrester 'an prote't the daages of e!e'tri'a!e:uipents
. R"!#+:
S.
N$D&s6r;!$# R"!#+
00 220
? 4ated (o!tage of arrester K.7rs8 /20 220
2 4ated fre:uen'& 0 0
No of po!es ? ?
/ Max a*ient teperature 7'entigrade8 0 0
Min Creepage distan'e 78 ?000 ?2
Ju!! insu!ation !e(e! for arrester housing ) %.7pea%8 ?/2 ?00
S$it'hing ipu!se $ithstand (o!tage 7201200i'ro
se'ond8 dr& and $et K. 7pea%8
?00 :
> ? inute po$er fre:uen'& 7dr&8 $ithstand (o!tage of arrestor 7%. rs8
0 490
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@ Max radio interferen'e (o!tage for fre:uen'& *et$een
0 Mh and 2Mh at 2 K. rs 7i'ro (o!ts8
00 800
?0 S&ste neutra! earthing Effe'ti(e!&
earthed
E$t+.
$&$a)t%$,
. O;&r"!#+ Pr#6;9&:
Lightening arrester $or%s on a prin'ip!e of non9Linear resistan'e The nO7in'Oxide8 inside the LA) 'onne'ts the 'orner ring $ith the ground #n nora! (o!tagenO *eha(es as insu!ator Bo$e(er) $hen ipu!se (o!tage !i%e Lightening1surge
stri%es on transission !ine) nO e!ts do$n and 'reates a 'ondu'ti(e path of n *et$een !ine and ground Thus it dispat'hes extra 'harge to ground
.
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
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A 'apa'itor (o!tage transforer 'onsists of a Capa'itor .o!tage Di(ider 7C.D8 andan indu'ti(e #nterediate .o!tage Transforer 7#.T8 The #.T (o!tage !e(e! of 'apa'itor (o!tage transforers is a*out 221 %.) and the rated (o!tage of the'op!ete 'apa'itor (o!tage transforer deterines the ratio at the 'apa'itor (o!tage di(ider
#t is ore 'on(enient to a%e an #ndu'ti(e (o!tage transforer for !o$er (o!tage!e(e!s and !et the C.D ta%e 'are of the high (o!tage
The ratio of the 'apa'iti(e di(ider is
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The ratio of the interediate (o!tage transforer is
The tota! ratio fa'tor is therefore
K? is nora!!& 'hosen to gi(e E2 221 %.
Thus for different priar& (o!tages) on!& C? differs and a standard interediatetransforer 'an *e used for a!! priar& (o!tages The interediate (o!tagetransforer 7#.T8 a!so 'ontains rea'tors for 'opensation of the 'apa'iti(e (o!tageregu!ation
The 'apa'itor (o!tage transforer has a dou*!e fun'tion) one for etering1prote'tion and one for po$er !ine 'ouni'ations 73LC8
. R"!#+:
S.
N$
D&s6r;!$# R"!#+
00 220
? 4ated (o!tage of C.T K.7rs8 /20 220
2 4ated fre:uen'& 0 0
No of po!es ?
/ Max a*ient teperature 7'entigrade8 0 0
Min Creepage distan'e 78 ?000 ?2
Ju!! insu!ation !e(e! *et$een !ines and ground of ?/2 ?00
34
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C.T ) %.7pea%8
S$it'hing ipu!se $ithstand (o!tage 7201200i'ro
se'ond8 dr& and $et *et$een !ines and ground of
C.T K. 7pea%8
?00 :
> ? inute po$er fre:uen'& 7dr&8 $ithstand (o!tage7%.
rs8
0 490
@ Corona extin'tion (o!tage7K. rs8 20in
?0 Max radio interferen'e (o!tage for fre:uen'& *et$een
0 Mh and 2Mh at 2 K. rs 7i'ro (o!ts8
?000 1000
?? S&ste neutra! earthing Effe'ti(e!&
earthed
E$t+.
$&
$a)t%$,
. O;&r"!#+ Pr#6;9&:
The sip!ified 'ir'uit for C.T is9
C.T are used to step do$n EB. *& using 'apa'itors to pro(ide !o$ (o!tage signa!either for easureent or to operate a prote'ti(e re!a& Capa'itan'e sp!it the EB.and axiu (o!tage appears a'ross it L tunes the de(i'e to !ine fre:uen'&
#n pra'ti'e) C? is a series of (arious sa!! 'apa'itors
.
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3.
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4. %ANTR;
T%$ +!"#+!( ") "ut("+!( $&$t)+a& +)u+t t$)#+!at$s "! (a!t)
5. CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
T%$ u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s +!")")at$, +!t" t%$ AIS a)$ us$, *")
)"t$t+.$ )$&a+!( a!, #$t$)+!( a!, a)$ "* #$ta&-$!&"s$, t$
T%$ s$"!,a) 5+!,+!(s a)$ a+) +!su&at$, a!, #"u!t$, +!s+,$
#$ta& $!&"su)$ T%$ Cu))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s a)$ )".+,$, 5+t% t%$
t)a!s*")#at+"! )at+" "*@ 8001 A t" 30001 A *") 400 V a!, 7001
t" 19001*")220V A&& u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s %a.$ $$t+.$
$&$t)"#a(!$t+ s%+$&,s t" )"t$t a(a+!st %+(% *)$/u$!
t)a!s+$!ts T%$ u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s a)$ $)+",+a&& &$a!$, *)"#
"uts+,$ t" a."+, ,ust &a$) *")#at+"! T%$ u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s
a)$ )".+,$, +! a&& t%$ +!"#+!( bas T%$ s$"!,a) 5+!,+!(s "*
t%$s$ CTs a)$ "!!$t$, t" )"t$t+"! a!, #$asu)$#$!t +)u+ts
3>
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
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37
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
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? 3rote'ti(e 'ap
2 ,e!o$
3riar& terina!s
/ A'ti(e part
#nsu!ator
. R"!#+:
36
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S.
N$
D&s6r;!$# R"!#+
00 220
? 4ated (o!tage of CT K.7rs8 /20 220
2 T&pe SAS /20 OSF-248
#nsu!ation !e(e! 01?/2K. 4901080V
/ 4ated 'ontinuous 'urrent 00A
Short tie 'urrent rating /010 %A1? se' 40A1 s$
SJ gas $eight1 Oi! $eight /> %g 190(
4ated fre:uen'& 0 0
> No of po!es ? ?
@ Max a*ient teperature 7'entigrade8 0 0
?0 Min Creepage distan'e 78 ?000 ?2
?? Ju!! insu!ation !e(e! *et$een !ines and
ground of CT ) %.7pea%8
?/2 ?00
?2 S$it'hing ipu!se $ithstand (o!tage
7201200i'ro se'ond8 dr& and $et
*et$een !ines and ground of C.T K.
7pea%8
?00 :
? ? inute po$er fre:uen'& 7dr&8
$ithstand (o!tage7%. rs8
0 490
40
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
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?/ Corona extin'tion (o!tage7K. rs8 20in
? Max radio interferen'e (o!tage for
fre:uen'& *et$een 0 Mh and 2Mh
at 2 K. rs 7i'ro (o!ts8
?000 1000
? S&ste neutra! earthing Effe'ti(e!&
Earthed
E$t+.$&
$a)t%$,
C")$ !" I II III IV V
Rat+" 3000-2000-8001 3000-2000-8001 3000-2000-8001 3000-2000-8001 3000-2000-8001
P)+#a) T$)#+!a& P1- P2 P1- P2
P1- P2
P1- P2
P1- P2
S$"!,a) T$)#+!a&
1S1-1S2@8001
1S1-1S3@20001
1S1-1S4@30001
2S1-1S2@8001
2S1-1S3@20001
2S1-1S4@30001
3S1-1S2@8001
3S1-1S3@20001
3S1-1S4@30001
4S1-1S2@8001
4S1-1S3@20001
4S1-1S4@30001
8S1-1S2@8001
8S1-1S3@20001
8S1-1S4@30001
Bu),$!;VA= - -
20 - -
C&ass PS PS 02S PS PS
ISFALF - - 8 - -
ii. O&erati#n
41
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
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CT st$s ,"5! )+#a) u))$!t t" a #$asu)$ab&$ .a&u$' b#$a!s $&$t)"-#a(!$t+ +!,ut+"! Cu))$!t +! s$"!,a) +)u+t+s ,+)$t& )"")t+"!a& t" )+#a) u))$!t
T%$ s$"!,a) u))$!t +s #$asu)$, b #$t$)s ") +t "$)at$s)$&a t" t)+ a CB 5%$! ab!")#a& u))$!t "5s +! t%$ +)u+t
iii. *here -#!nd
CT a! b$ *"u!, +! t%$ s5+t%a), a!, at ICT t$)#+!a&s
i. Remar
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
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5$ 5+&& us$ +s"&at") I! +s"&at") 5$ ,"!t %a.$ a! a) /u$!%+!(#$,+u# s" 5$ a!!"t $&+#+!at$ t%$ a) +! +s"&at") S" a*t$)"$!+!( t%$ b)$ak$) "!& 5$ s%"u&, "$! t%$ +s"&at")' s" 5$s%"u&, ,$s+(! s"#$ +!t$)&"ks &+k$ b$&"5
B)$ak$) &"s$ "!,+t+"! +s"&at") s%"u&, !"t "$!B)$ak$) "$! "!,+t+"! +s"&at") a! &"s$ ") "$! D+$)$!t t$s "* +s"&at")s 5%+% a)$ us+!( at $&, 1 D"ub&$ b)$ak t$ 2 !$$ t$ 3 S+!(&$ b)$ak t$
Ea)t% s5+t% +s .$) +#")ta!t $/u+#$!t as $) sa*$t "* %u#a!s %+&$ tak+!( ,"5! "* a! E/u+#$!t )st 5$ %a.$ t"
,+s%a)($ t%$ %a)($ st")$, +! +t b$*")$ ,"+!( a! 5")k "! t%atEa)t%+!( s5+t%$s a)$ #"u!t$, "! t%$ bas$ "* #a+!& &+!$ s+,$+s"&at") Ea)t%+!( s5+t%$s a)$ !")#a&& .$)t+a&& b)$ak s5+t%$sEa)t%+!( a)#s ;"!tat a)# "* $a)t%+!( s5+t%= a)$ !")#a&&a&+(!$, %")+:"!ta&& at " "!,+t+"! Du)+!( s5+t%+!( "!"$)at+"!' t%$s$ $a)t%+!( a)#s )"tat$ a!, #".$ t" .$)t+a&"s+t+"! a!, #ak$ "!tat 5+t% $a)t% *$#a&$ "!tats tt$, at t%$t" "* t%$ "st +!su&at") stak "* +s"&at") at +ts "ut("+!( s+,$ T%$$a)t%+!( a)#s a)$ s" +!t$)&"k$, 5+t% #a+! +s"&at") #".+!(
"!tats t%at +t a! b$ &"s$, "!& 5%$! t%$ #a+! "!tats "* +s"&at") a)$ +! "$! "s+t+"! S+#+&a)& t%$ #a+! +s"&at") "!tatsa! b$ &"s$, "!& 5%$! t%$ $a)t%+!( a)#s a)$ +! "$! "s+t+"!i. Rating
S.
N$
D&s6r;!$# R"!#+
420 220
? 4ated (o!tage /20 248
2 T$ D,4 HDB
43
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Cu))$!t@ 20001?0 1900
/ STC ;kA-s$-kA=@ 09?9?2 40-1-128
I#u&s$ ?/2K. 1080
PF ."&ta($ ?0K. 490
F)$/u$! 0B 80H:
> O$)at+!( ,$.+$ Motor M"t")
@ DC V"&ta($ 220 220
?0 AC V"&ta($ /? 220
?? No of po!es
?2 Max a*ient teperature 7'entigrade8 0 0
? Min Creepage distan'e 78 ?000 ?2
?/ Ju!! $a(e ipu!se $ithstand
(o!tage7?210 i'rose'8 *et$een !ines
and ground) %.7pea%8
,et$een terina!s7open8
?/2
?/2
?00
1200
? S$it'hing ipu!se $ithstand (o!tage
7201200i'ro se'ond8 dr& and $et
*et$een !ines and ground K.7pea%8
,et$een terina!s 7Open8
?00
@00
:
44
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? ? inute po$er fre:uen'& 7dr&8
$ithstand (o!tage *et$een !ines and
ground 7%. rs8
,et$een terina!s 7Open8
20
?0
490
490
? Corona extin'tion (o!tage7K. rs8 20in
?> Max radio interferen'e (o!tage for
fre:uen'& *et$een 0 Mh and 2Mh
at 2 K. rs 7i'ro (o!ts8
?000 1000
?@ S&ste neutra! earthing Effe'ti(e!&Earthed
E$t+.$&$a)t%$,
ii. O&erati#n
T%+s ,+s"!!$t+!( ,$.+$ a! b$ "$)at$, #a!ua&& ")aut"#at+a&& .+a #"t")s %$! ab!")#a& u))$!t a$a)s +!+)u+t +t +s"&at$s CB *)"# +)u+t
iii. *here -#!nd
It +s "!!$t$, a)"ss $a% CB +! s5+t%a), a!, b$*")$ a!, a*t$)ICT
>. Circ!it "rea
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
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-ig S-= Circ!it Brea
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"!tats' a&t%"u(% s"#$ "* t%$ $!$)( )$/u+)$, #a b$ "bta+!$,
*)"# t%$ *au&t u))$!t +ts$&* S#a&& +)u+t b)$ak$)s #a b$
#a!ua&& "$)at$,J &a)($) u!+ts %a.$ s"&$!"+,s t" t)+ t%$
#$%a!+s#' a!, $&$t)+ #"t")s t" )$st")$ $!$)( t" t%$ s)+!(s
T%$ +)u+t b)$ak$) "!tats #ust a)) t%$ &"a, u))$!t5+t%"ut $$ss+.$ %$at+!(' a!, #ust a&s" 5+t%sta!, t%$ %$at "*
t%$ a) )",u$, 5%$! +!t$))ut+!( t%$ +)u+t C"!tats a)$
#a,$ "* "$) ") "$) a&&"s' s+&.$) a&&"s' a!, "t%$)
#at$)+a&s %$! a u))$!t +s +!t$))ut$,' a! a) +s ($!$)at$,
T%+s a) #ust b$ "!ta+!$,' ""&$,' a!, $t+!(u+s%$, +! a
"!t)"&&$, 5a' s" t%at t%$ (a b$t5$$! t%$ "!tats a! a(a+!
5+t%sta!, t%$ ."&ta($ +! t%$ +)u+t D+$)$!t +)u+t b)$ak$)s us$.auu#' a+)' +!su&at+!( (as ") "+& as t%$ #$,+u# +! 5%+% t%$ a)
*")#s D+$)$!t t$%!+/u$s a)$ us$, t" $t+!(u+s% t%$ a)
+!&u,+!(@
• L$!(t%$!+!( "* t%$ a)
• I!t$!s+.$ ""&+!( ;+! ?$t %a#b$)s=
• D+.+s+"! +!t" a)t+a& a)s
• $)" "+!t /u$!%+!( ;C"!tats "$! at t%$ :$)" u))$!t
t+#$ )"ss+!( "* t%$ AC 5a.$*")#' $$t+.$& b)$ak+!( !" &"a,u))$!t at t%$ t+#$ "* "$!+!( T%$ :$)" )"ss+!( "u)s at
t5+$ t%$ &+!$ *)$/u$! +$ 100 t+#$s $) s$"!, *") 80H: a
a!, 120 t+#$s $) s$"!, *") 90H: a =
• C"!!$t+!( aa+t")s +! a)a&&$& 5+t% "!tats +! DC +)u+ts
F+!a&&' "!$ t%$ *au&t "!,+t+"! %as b$$! &$a)$,' t%$
"!tats #ust a(a+! b$ &"s$, t" )$st")$ "5$) t" t%$
+!t$))ut$, +)u+t
T&es #' circ!it "rea
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
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Ma! ,+$)$!t &ass+at+"!s "* +)u+t b)$ak$)s a! b$ #a,$'
bas$, "! t%$+) *$atu)$s su% as ."&ta($ &ass' "!st)ut+"! t$'
+!t$))ut+!( t$' a!, st)utu)a& *$atu)$s
E&$t)+a& "5$) t)a!s#+ss+"! !$t5")ks a)$ )"t$t$, a!,
"!t)"&&$, b %+(%-."&ta($ b)$ak$)s T%$ ,$!+t+"! "* %+(%."&ta($ .a)+$s but +! "5$) t)a!s#+ss+"! 5")k +s usua&& t%"u(%t
t" b$ >28 kV ") %+(%$)' a"),+!( t" a )$$!t ,$!+t+"! b t%$
I!t$)!at+"!a& E&$t)" t$%!+a& C"##+ss+"! ;IEC= H+(%-."&ta($
b)$ak$)s a)$ !$a)& a&5as s"&$!"+,-"$)at$,' 5+t% u))$!t
s$!s+!( )"t$t+.$ )$&as "$)at$, t%)"u(% u))$!t t)a!s*")#$)s
I! substat+"!s t%$ )"t$t+"! )$&a s%$#$ a! b$ "#&$'
)"t$t+!( $/u+#$!t a!, buss$s *)"# .a)+"us t$s "* ".$)&"a,") ()"u!,$a)t% *au&t
H+(%-."&ta($ b)$ak$)s a)$ b)"a,& &ass+$, b t%$ #$,+u#
us$, t" $t+!(u+s% t%$ a)
• Bu&k "+&
• M+!+#u# "+&
• A+) b&ast
• Vauu#
• SF9
O+& C+)u+t B)$ak$)
A %+(%-."&ta($ +)u+t b)$ak$) +! 5%+% t%$ a) +s ,)a5! +! "+& t"
,+ss+at$ t%$ %$at a!, $t+!(u+s% t%$ a)J t%$ +!t$!s$ %$at "* t%$
a) ,$"#"s$s t%$ "+&' ($!$)at+!( a (as 5%"s$ %+(% )$ssu)$
)",u$s a "5 "* *)$s% u+, t%)"u(% t%$ a) t%at *u)!+s%$s t%$
!$$ssa) +!su&at+"! t" )$.$!t a )$st)+k$ "* t%$ a)
T%$ a) +s t%$! $t+!(u+s%$,' b"t% b$aus$ "* +ts $&"!(at+"! u"!a)t+!( "* "!tats a!, b$aus$ "* +!t$!s+.$ ""&+!( b t%$ (as$s
a!, "+& .a")
47
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
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A+) b&ast +)u+t b)$ak$)
Fast "$)at+"!s' su+tab+&+t *") )$$at$, "$)at+"!' aut" )$-
&"su)$' u!+t t$ #u&t+ b)$ak "!st)ut+"!s' s+#&$ ass$#b&'
a!, #",$st #a+!t$!a!$ a)$ s"#$ "* t%$ #a+! *$atu)$s "* a+)
b&ast +)u+t b)$ak$)s A "#)$ss") &a!t !$$ssa) t" #a+!ta+!%+(% a+) )$ssu)$ +! t%$ a+) )$$+.$) T%$ a+) b&ast +)u+t b)$ak$)s
a)$ $s$+a&& su+tab&$ *") )a+&5as a!, a) *u)!a$s' 5%$)$ t%$
b)$ak$) "$)at$s )$$at$,& A+) b&ast +)u+t b)$ak$)s a)$ us$,
*") +!t$)"!!$t$, &+!$s a!, +#")ta!t &+!$s 5%$)$ )a+,
"$)at+"! +s ,$s+)$,
H+(% )$ssu)$ a+) at a )$ssu)$ b$t5$$! 20 t" 30 k( #2 st")$,
+! t%$ a+) )$s$)."+) A+) +s tak$! *)"# t%$ "#)$ss$, a+) sst$# T%)$$ %"&&"5 +!su&at") "&u#!s a)$ #"u!t$, "! t%$ )$s$)."+)
5+t% .a&.$s at t%$+) bas+s T%$ ,"ub&$ a) $t+!(u+s%$, %a#b$)s
a)$ #"u!t$, "! t%$ t" "* t%$ %"&&"5 +!su&at") %a#b$)s T%$
u))$!t a))+!( a)ts "!!$t t%$ t%)$$ a) $t+!t+"! %a#b$)s
t" $a% "t%$) +! s$)+$s a!, t%$ "&$ t" t%$ !$+(%b")+!(
$/u+#$!t S+!$ t%$)$ $+st a .$) %+(% ."&ta($ b$t5$$! t%$
"!,ut") a!, t%$ a+) )$s$)."+)' t%$ $!t+)$ a) $t+!t+"!
%a#b$)s ass$#b& +s #"u!t$, "! +!su&at")s
SF9 CIRCUIT BREAER@
I! su% +)u+t b)$ak$)' su&%a) %$au")+,$ ;SF9= (as +s us$, as
t%$ a) /u$!%+!( #$,+u# T%$ SF9 +s a! $&$t)"!$(at+.$ (as
a!, %as a st)"!( t$!,$! t" abs")b *)$$ $&$t)"!s T%$ SF9
+)u+t b)$ak$) %a.$ b$$! *"u!, t" a .$) $$t+.$ *") %+(%
"5$) a!, %+(% ."&ta($ s$).+$
It "!s+sts "* $, a!, #".+!( "!tats It %as %a#b$)' "!ta+!sSF9 (as %$! t%$ "!tats a)$ "$!$,' t%$ #$%a!+s# $)#+ts
a %+(% )$ssu)$ SF9 (as *)"# )$s$)."+) t" "5 t"5a),s t%$ a)
46
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+!t$))ut+"! %a#b$) T%$ #".+!( "!tat $)#+ts t%$ SF9 (as t"
&$t t%)"u(% t%$s$ %"&$s
Vauu# C+)u+t B)$ak$)
Vauu# +)u+t b)$ak$)s a)$ +)u+t b)$ak$)s 5%+% a)$ us$, t")"t$t #$,+u# a!, %+(% ."&ta($ +)u+ts *)"# ,a!($)"us
$&$t)+a& s+tuat+"!s L+k$ "t%$) t$s "* +)u+t b)$ak$)s' .auu#
+)u+t b)$ak$)s &+t$)a&& b)$ak t%$ +)u+t s" t%at $!$)( a!!"t
"!t+!u$ "5+!( t%)"u(% +t' t%$)$b )$.$!t+!( )$s' "5$)
su)($s' a!, "t%$) )"b&$#s 5%+% #a $#$)($ T%$s$ ,$.+$s
%a.$ b$$! ut+&+:$, s+!$ t%$ 1620s' a!, s$.$)a& "#a!+$s %a.$
+!t)",u$, )$!$#$!ts t" #ak$ t%$# $.$! sa*$) a!, #")$$$t+.$
I! t%+s D$%)a,u! substat+"! "!& SF9 +)u+t b)$ak$) +s us$,
T%$ b)$ak$) us$s SF9 ;Su&%a) H$a u")+,$= (as *") a)
$t+!t+"! u)"s$ T%+s (as %as $$&&$!t u))$!t +!t$))ut+!(
a!, +!su&at+!( )"$)t+$s' %$#+a&&' +t +s "!$ "* t%$ #"st stab&$
"#"u!, +! t%$ u)$ stat$ a!, u!,$) !")#a& "!,+t+"! +t +s
%s+a&& +!$)t' !"!-a##ab&$' !"!-t"+ a!, ",")&$ss a!, t%$)$+s !" ,a!($) t" $)s"!!$& a!, )$ %a:a), Its ,$!s+t +s ab"ut 8
t+#$s t%at "* a+) +!su&at+!( st)$!(t% +s ab"ut 2-3 t+#$s t%at "* a+)
a!, $$$,s t%at "* "+& at 3 (C# )$ssu)$
SF9 b)$ak$) a&&$, as #a+!t$!a!$ *)$$ b)$ak$)' %as s+#&$
"!st)ut+"! 5+t% *$5 #".+!( a)ts@ T%$ ss+"! )",uts )$at$,
,u)+!( b)$ak+!( a!, !"t *u&& )$"#b+!$, a)$' $+t%$) )$++tat$,
as #$ta&&+ u")+,$ ") abs")b$, b a stat+ &t$) 5%+% a&s"
abs")bs t%$ )$s+,ua& #"+stu)$S+!$ !" (as +s $%aust$, *)"# t%$ b)$ak$) a!, .$) &+tt&$
"#)$ss$, a+) +s )$/u+)$, *") "$)at+"!' !"+s$ ,u)+!( t%$
"$)at+"! +s a&s" .$) $ss
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S+!$ SF9 (as +s +!$)t a!, stab&$ at !")#a& t$#$)atu)$'
"!tats ," !"t s$tt&$) *)"# "+,+:at+"! ") "t%$) %$#+a&
)$at+"!s' 5%$)$as +! a+) ") "+& t$ b)$ak$)s "+,at+"! "*
"!tats 5"u&, aus$ %+(% t$#$)atu)$ )+s$ SF9 (as +)u+t
b)$ak$)s' ,$s+(!$, t" "!*")# t" t%$ sa#$ sta!,a),s as a+) ") "+&b)$ak$)s' but +! "$)at+"! +t +s "ss+b&$ t" ($t b$tt$) s$).+$ $.$!
at %+(%$) *au&t &$.$&s
Su&%u) %$au")+,$ (as +s )$a)$, b bu)!+!( "a)s$&
)us%$, )"&& su&%u) +! t%$ u")+!$ (as' +! a st$$& b"' )".+,$,
5+t% sta(($)$, %")+:"!ta& s%$&.$s' $a% b$a)+!( ab"ut 4 k( "*
su&%u) T%$ st$$& b" +s #a,$ (as t+(%t T%$ (as t%us "bta+!$,
"!ta+!s "t%$) u")+,$s su% as S2F10' SF4 a!, #ust b$ u)+$,*u)t%$) SF9 (as ($!$)a&& su&+$) b %$#+a& )#s T%$ "st "*
(as +s &"5 +* #a!u*atu)$, +! &a)($ sa&$
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Du)+!( t%$ a)+!( $)+", SF9 (as +s b&"5! a+a&& a&"!( t%$ a) T%$ (as )$#".$s t%$ %$at *)"# t%$ a) b a+a& "!.$t+"! a!,)a,+a& ,+ss+at+"! As a )$su&t' t%$ a) ,+a#$t$) )$,u$s ,u)+!( t%$,$)$as+!( #",$ "* t%$ u))$!t 5a.$ T%$ ,+a#$t$) b$"#$ss#a&& ,u)+!( t%$ u))$!t :$)" a!, t%$ a) +s $t+!(u+s%$, Du$ t"+ts $&$t)" !$(at+.+t' a!, &"5 a) t+#$ "!sta!t' t%$ SF9 (as)$(a+!s +ts ,+$&$t)+ st)$!(t% )a+,& a*t$) t%$ u))$!t :$)"' t%$)at$ "* )+s$ "* ,+$&$t)+ st)$!(t% +s .$) %+(% a!, t%$ t+#$"!sta!t +s .$) s#a&&
82
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
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83
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i. Rating
S.N$ D&s6r;!$# R"!#+
/00 220
? 4ated (o!tage K. /20 2/
2 4ated !ightening ipu!se $ithstand (o!tage K.3 ?/2 ?00
4ated po$er fre:uen'& $ithstand (o!tage
K.7rs8
?0 /0
/ 4ated Jre:uen'& B 0 0
4ated nora! 'urrent A /000 ?0
4ated Short 'ir'uit a%ing 'urrent KA p ?2 ?2
84
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4ated short 'ir'uit *rea%ing 'urrent #s' KA7rs8 0 0> 4ated short 'ir'uit duration tth s s@ 4ated out of phase *rea%ing 'urrent #d ?2KA ?2
?0 Jirst po!e to '!ear fa'tor ? ?
?? 4ated !ine9'harging *rea%ing 'urrent #t A 00 ?2?2 Design a*ient teperature C 0 0
? Nora! (o!tage supp!& to auxi!iar& 'ir'uitsi8 Contro! .o!tage
ii8 Operating e'hanis (o!tage
iii8 Beating .o!tage
DC 220 .
AC 2/0 .
AC 2/0 .
DC 220 .
AC 2/0 .
AC 2/0 .?/ SJ Gas S&ste
i8 Nora! operating pressure
ii8 Weight of gas per *rea%er
*ar at20C
? %g
*ar at20C
? %g
ii. O&erati#n
CB +s bas+a&& a s5+t% 5%+% a! +!t$))ut +)u+t 5%$! *au&tu))$!t "5s ") 5%$! "5$) "5s +! )$.$)s$ ,+)$t+"! A+)u+t b)$ak$) $ss$!t+a&& "!s+sts "* $, a!, #".+!("!tats T%$s$ "!tats a! b$ "$!$, #a!ua&& ") b)$#"t$ "!t)"& 5%$!$.$) ,$s+)$, %$! a *au&t "u)s "!a! a)t "* t%$ sst$#' t%$ t)+ "+&s "* b)$ak$) ($t$!$)(+:$, a!, t%$ #".+!( "!tats a)$ u&&$, aa)t b s"#$#$%a!+s#' t%us "$!+!( t%$ +)u+t As t%$ s5+t%+!( +s,"!$ u!,$) SF9 (as $!.+)"!#$!t' t%$ a)+!( +s &+#+t$, a!,
,"$s !"t ,a#a($ $/u+#$!t It )"t$ts t%$ t)a!s*")#$)*)"# *au&t u))$!t
iii. *here -#!nd
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It +s *"u!, +! t%$ s5+t%a), b$*")$ a!, a*t$) "* ICT +! a"),a!$
5+t% )$s$t+.$ s5+t%a), s%$#$s a!, )at+!(s
?. Sh!nt react#r '#r "!s #ltage
I! EHV substat+"!s' +t +s a "##"! )at+$ t" us$ b)$ak$)
s5+t%$, bus )$at")s t" #a+!ta+! t%$ bus ."&ta($ 5+t%+!
$)#+ss+b&$ &+#+ts u!,$) .a)+!( &"a, "!,+t+"!s +t% t%$
,$.$&"#$!t "* C"!t)"&&$, S%u!t R$at") ;CSR= 5%+% +s a
t%)+st") "!t)"&&$, %+(% +#$,a!$ t)a!s*")#$)' a stab&$ bus
."&ta($ a! b$ #a+!ta+!$, b )".+,+!( .a)+ab&$ )$at+.$ "5$)
bas$, "! t%$ bus ."&ta($ ,$.+at+"!s ,u$ t" t%$ &"a, .a)+at+"!s
T%$ %+(% +#$,a!$ t)a!s*")#$) 5%+% +s a&s" k!"5! as )$at")
t)a!s*")#$) ;RT= a! b$ #a,$ t" a! s+:$ 5+t%"ut a! &+#+tat+"!
u!&+k$ (a$, ")$ s%u!t )$at")s As a s+!(&$ CSR "* &a)($
aa+t a! b$ )$a&+:$, 5+t% su+tab&$ "!t)"& #$%a!+s#' t%+s
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a)"a% )".$s t" b$ t$%!+a&& su$)+") a!, $"!"#+a&
"#a)$, t" t%$ $+st+!( )at+$ "* b)$ak$) s5+t%$, bus
)$at")s
T%$ CSR #$!t+"!$, ab".$ +s bas$, "! a %+(% +#$,a!$t)a!s*")#$) k!"5! as R$at") T)a!s*")#$) ;RT= 5+t% a )".+s+"! t"
"!t)"& *)"# t%$ s$"!,a) s+,$ t%)"u(% t%)+st") .a&.$s As RT "*
a! &a)($ aa+t a! b$ )$a&+:$, as a s+!(&$ t%)$$ %as$ u!+t ")
t%)$$ s+!(&$ %as$ u!+ts' +t +s "ss+b&$ t" )".+,$ .a)+ab&$ )$at+.$
"5$) su")t b "!t)"&&+!( t%$ )+!( a!(&$ "* t%$ t%)+st")
.a&.$s T%+s "!t+!u"us& .a)+ab&$ CSR as bus )$at") "$)s*"&&"5+!( a,.a!ta($s
1 C"!t+!u"us& .a)+ab&$ )$at+.$ "5$) bas$, "! t%$ ."&ta($
.a)+at+"!
2 Fast R$s"!s$ t" ,!a#+ "!,+t+"!s &+k$ &"a, t%)"5 "
3 R$,u$, &"ss$s 5+t% "t+#+:$, )$at+.$ "5$) su")t
4 B$tt$) $"!"# +! t$)#s "* substat+"! sa$ a!, au+&+a)
$/u+#$!t
H$)$ +! t%+s substat+"! a BHEL #a,$ 70 MVAR bus )$at") %as
b$$! us$, 5%"s$ )at+!(s a)$ as *"&&"5@
i. Ratings
S.N
#
+escri&ti#n Rating
@. T$s "* ""&+!( ONAN2. Rat$, V"&ta($ V 4207. Rat$, P"5$) MVAR 704. Rat$, Cu))$!t A# 1066>. T$# R+s$ 5+!,+!( C 48
8>
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=. T$# )+s$ "+& C 40>. P%as$ 3?. F)$/u$! 80. C"!!$t+"! s#b"& 20 (@4. T"ta& Mass 133>10 (
. AUTO TRANS-ORMR
Aut" t)a!s*")#$) +s k+!, "* $&$t)+a& t)a!s*")#$) 5%$)$ )+#a)
a!, s$"!,a) s%a)$s sa#$ "##"! s+!(&$ 5+!,+!(
87
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The#r #' A!t# Trans'#rmer
I! Aut" T)a!s*")#$)' "!$ s+!(&$ 5+!,+!( +s us$, as )+#a)
5+!,+!( as 5$&& as s$"!,a) 5+!,+!( But +! t5" 5+!,+!(st)a!s*")#$) t5" ,+$)$!t 5+!,+!(s a)$ us$, *") )+#a) a!,
s$"!,a) u)"s$ A ,+a()a# "* aut" t)a!s*")#$) +s s%"5!
b$&"5 T%$ 5+!,+!( AB "* t"ta& tu)!s N1 +s "!s+,$)$, as )+#a)86
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5+!,+!( T%+s 5+!,+!( +s ta$, *)"# "+!t C a!, t%$ ")t+"! BC
+s "!s+,$)$, as s$"!,a) L$ts assu#$ t%$ !u#b$) "* tu)!s +!
b$t5$$! "+!ts B a!, C +s N2 I* V1 ."&ta($ +s a&+$, a)"ss t%$
5+!,+!( +$ +! b$t5$$! A a!, C
H$!$' t%$ ."&ta($ a)"ss t%$ ")t+"! BC "* t%$ 5+!,+!(' 5+&& b$'
As BC ")t+"! "* t%$ 5+!,+!( +s "!s+,$)$, as s$"!,a)' +t a!
$as+& b$ u!,$)st"", t%at .a&u$ "* "!sta!t k +s !"t%+!( but tu)!s
)at+" ") ."&ta($ )at+" "* t%at aut" t)a!s*")#$)
%$! &"a, +s "!!$t$, b$t5$$! s$"!,a) t$)#+!a&s +$
b$t5$$! B a!, C' &"a, u))$!t I2 sta)ts "5+!( T%$ u))$!t +!
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t%$ s$"!,a) 5+!,+!( ") "##"! 5+!,+!( +s t%$ ,+$)$!$ "* I2
I1
C"$) Sa.+!(s +! Aut" T)a!s*")#$)
N"5 5$ 5+&& ,+suss t%$ sa.+!(s "* "$) +! aut" t)a!s*")#$)
"#a)$, t" "!.$!t+"!a& t5" 5+!,+!( t)a!s*")#$)
$ k!"5 t%at 5$+(%t "* "$) "* a! 5+!,+!( ,$$!,s u"! +ts
&$!(t% a!, )"ss - s$t+"!a& a)$a A(a+! &$!(t% "* "!,ut") +!
5+!,+!( +s )"")t+"!a& t" +ts !u#b$) "* tu)!s a!, )"ss - s$t+"!a&
a)$a .a)+$s 5+t% )at$, u))$!t S" 5$+(%t "* "$) +! 5+!,+!( +s
,+)$t& )"")t+"!a& t" )",ut "* !u#b$) "* tu)!s a!, )at$,u))$!t "* t%$ 5+!,+!( T%$)$*")$' 5$+(%t "* "$) +! t%$ s$t+"!
AC )"")t+"!a& t"'
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A!, s+#+&a)&' 5$+(%t "* "$) +! t%$ s$t+"! BC )"")t+"!a& t"'
H$!$' t"ta& 5$+(%t "* "$) +! t%$ 5+!,+!( "* aut" t)a!s*")#$))"")t+"!a& t"'
I! s+#+&a) 5a +t a! b$ )".$,' t%$ 5$+(%t "* "$) +! t5"
5+!,+!( t)a!s*")#$) +s )"")t+"!a& t"'
N1I1 N2I2
W 2N1I1 ;S+!$' +! a t)a!s*")#$) N1I1 X N2I2=
L$ts assu#$' a a!, t5 a)$ 5$+(%t "* "$) +! aut"
t)a!s*")#$) a!, t5" 5+!,+!( t)a!s*")#$) )$s$t+.$&'
92
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Y sa.+!( "* "$) +! aut" t)a!s*")#$) "#a)$, t" t5" 5+!,+!(
t)a!s*")#$)'
Aut" t)a!s*")#$) $#&"s "!& s+!(&$ 5+!,+!( $) %as$ as
a(a+!st t5" ,+st+!t& s$a)at$ 5+!,+!(s +! a "!.$!t+"!a&
t)a!s*")#$) A,.a!ta($s "* us+!( aut" t)a!s*")#$) F")
t)a!s*")#at+"! )at+" X 2' t%$ s+:$ "* t%$ aut" t)a!s*")#$) 5"u&,b$ a)"+#at$& 80 "* t%$ "))$s"!,+!( s+:$ "* t5" 5+!,+!(
t)a!s*")#$) F") t)a!s*")#at+"! )at+" sa 20 %"5$.$) t%$ s+:$
5"u&, b$ 68 T%$ sa.+!( +! "st +s "* "u)s$ !"t +! t%$ sa#$
)"")t+"! T%$ sa.+!( "* "st +s a)$+ab&$ 5%$! t%$ )at+" "*
t)a!s*")#$) +s &"5' t%at +s &"5$) t%a! 2
+isadantages #' Using A!t# Trans'#rmer
But aut" t)a!s*")#$) %as t%$ *"&&"5+!( ,+sa,.a!ta($s@
93
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1 B$aus$ "* $&$t)+a& "!,ut+.+t "* t%$ )+#a) a!, s$"!,a)
5+!,+!(s t%$ &"5$) ."&ta($ +)u+t +s &+ab&$ t" b$ +#)$ss$,
u"! b %+(%$) ."&ta($ T" a."+, b)$ak,"5! +! t%$ &"5$)
."&ta($ +)u+t' +t b$"#$s !$$ssa) t" ,$s+(! t%$ &"5 ."&ta($+)u+t t" 5+t%sta!, %+(%$) ."&ta($
2 T%$ &$aka($ u b$t5$$! t%$ )+#a) a!, s$"!,a) 5+!,+!(s
+s s#a&& a!, %$!$ t%$ +#$,a!$ +s &"5 T%+s )$su&ts +!t"
s$.$)$) s%")t +)u+t u))$!ts u!,$) *au&t "!,+t+"!s
3 T%$ "!!$t+"!s "! )+#a) a!, s$"!,a) s+,$s %a.$
!$$ssa)+& t" b$ sa#$' $$t 5%$! us+!( +!t$)"!!$t$,sta))+!( "!!$t+"!s T%+s +!t)",u$s "#&+at+"!s ,u$ t"
%a!(+!( )+#a) a!, s$"!,a) %as$ a!(&$ a)t+u&a)& +!
t%$ as$-b-as$ "* ,$&ta ,$&ta "!!$t+"!
4 B$aus$ "* "##"! !$ut)a& +! a sta) sta) "!!$t$, aut"
t)a!s*")#$) +t +s !"t "ss+b&$ t" $a)t% !$ut)a& "* "!$ s+,$ "!&
B"t% t%$+) s+,$s %a.$ t" %a.$ t%$+) !$ut)a&+t $+t%$) $a)t% ")
+s"&at$,
8 It +s #")$ ,+u&t t" )$s$).$ t%$ $&$t)"#a(!$t+ ba&a!$ "*
t%$ 5+!,+!( 5%$! ."&ta($ a,?ust#$!t ta+!(s a)$ )".+,$, It
s%"u&, b$ k!"5! t%at t%$ )".+s+"! "* a,?ust+!( ta+!( "! a!
aut" t)a!s*")#$) +!)$as$s "!s+,$)ab& t%$ *)a#$ s+:$ "* t%$
t)a!s*")#$) I* t%$ )a!($ "* ta+!( +s .$) &a)($' t%$
a,.a!ta($s (a+!$, +! +!+t+a& "st +s &"st t" a ()$at $.$!t
I! t%+s Substat+"! a! A&st"# #a,$ t5" !"s 318 MVA Aut"
t)a!s*")#$) +s us$, 5%"s$ )at+!(s a)$ as *"&&"5s@
94
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i. Rating
S&eci'icati#n #' 7@ M1A 400/220 81 7 a!t#
trans'#rmer
S.N
#
+escri&ti#n Rating
@. T$s "* ""&+!( ONAN ONAF OFAF2. Rat+!( "* HV IV
;MVA=
176 282 318
7. Rat+!( "* LV ;MVA= 93 74 1084. L+!$ u))$!t HV;A#s= 2>312 39419 48820. L+!$ u))$!t IV ;A#s= 46987 99211 72>94=. L+!$ u))$!t LV
;A#s=
110382 14>139 193620
>. N" &"a, ."&ta($ HV 400
?. N" &"a, ."&ta($ IV 220. N" &"a, ."&ta($ LV 33@0. T$# R+s$ 5+!,+!( C 88 88 88@@. T$# )+s$ "+& C 80@2. P%as$ 3@7. F)$/u$! 80@4. C"!!$t+"! s#b"&
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@?. Mass "* O+& >'2600 (@. T"ta& Mass 2'>>600(
Vector group:
1U
N 2U
3U
3V
2
1
2V1V
3
ii. O&erating &rinci&le
Bas+a&&' t%+s I!t$)"!!$t+!( T)a!s*")#$) +s aut" t)a!s*")#$)
b$aus$ +t sa.$s "!,ut") "st a!, #ak$s OLTC $as It 5")ks "!
t%$ )+!+&$ "* $&$t)"-#a(!$t+ +!,ut+"! $.+,$!t
99
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-ig Circ!it diagram #' trans'#rmer circ!it.
iii. *here -#!nd
T5" ICT a)$ +!sta&&$, b$t5$$! t%$ 400k. AIS a!, 220 kV AIS
i. Remar
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
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4. Miscellaneous:
@. INSU(ATORS
T%$ +!su&at") s$).$s t5" u)"s$s T%$ su")t t%$ "!,ut")s;bus ba)= a!, "!!$ t%$ u))$!t t" t%$ "!,ut")s T%$ #"st"##"! us$, #at$)+a& *") t%$ #a!u*atu)$ "* +!su&at") +s")$&a+! T%$)$ a)$ s$.$)a& t$s "* +!su&at")s ;$( +! t$'sus$!s+"! t$' "st +!su&at") $t= a!, t%$+) us$ +! substat+"!5+&& ,$$!, u"! t%$ s$).+$ )$/u+)$#$!t F") $a#&$' "st
+!su&at") +s us$, *") bus ba)s A "st +!su&at") "!s+sts "* a")$&a+! b",' ast +)"! a a!, a!($, ast +)"! bas$ T%$ %"&$+! t%$ a +s t%)$a,$, s" t%at bus ba)s a! b$ ,+)$t& b"&t$, t"t%$ a
2. CON+UCTORS US+ IN SUBSTATION +SI%N
A! +,$a& "!,ut") s%"u&, *u&&& t%$ *"&&"5+!( )$/u+)$#$!ts@
It s%"u&, b$ aab&$ "* a))+!( t%$ s$+$, &"a, u))$!ts a!,s%")t t+#$ u))$!ts
It s%"u&, b$ ab&$ t" 5+t%sta!, *")$s "! +t ,u$ t" +ts s+tuat+"!
T%$s$ *")$s "#)+s$ s$&*-5$+(%t' a!, 5$+(%t "* "t%$) "!,ut")s97
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a!, $/u+#$!t' s%")t +)u+t *")$s a!, at#"s%$)+ *")$s su%
as 5+!, a!, +$ &"a,+!(
It s%"u&, b$ ")"!a *)$$ at )at$, ."&ta($
It s%"u&, %a.$ t%$ #+!+#u# !u#b$) "* ?"+!tsIt s%"u&, !$$, t%$ #+!+#u# !u#b$) "* su")t+!( +!su&at")s
It s%"u&, b$ $"!"#+a&
A&& t%$ "!,ut")s *"u!, +! t%$ s+t$ a! b$ ,+.+,$, +!t" t5"
at$(")+$s
C#nd!ct#r
B!ndled Ins!latedC#nd!ct#r C#nd!ct#r
i. B!ndled C#nd!ct#r )Oerhead transmissi#n,
A&& t%$ ".$)%$a, "!,ut")s a)$ bu!,&$,' +$' t%$)$ a)$ t5"
sta!,a), "!,ut")s $) %as$ &a#$, b a&u#+!u# st)+ A&&
t%$s$ "!,ut")s a)$ ba)$' +$' !" "ut$) +!su&at+"!
A t+a& sta!,a), "!,ut") )"ss s$t+"! +s-
a. Rating
96
8/17/2019 POWER GRID 400 by 220 Substation Report
71/85
T$- ACSR ;A&&u#+!+u# C"!,ut") St$$& R$+!*")$,=
ACAR ;A&&u#+!+u# C"!,ut") A&&" R$+!*")$,=
AACR ;A&& A&&u#+!+u# C"!,ut") )$+!*")$,=
C"!,ut") &a$)@ 4H+(%$st sst$# ."&ta($@ 420 kV ACSR@ 84 A&>st
H$)$ 4Z#""s$ "!,ut") a)$ us$, *") 400 V s+,$ a!, 2Z#""s$
"!,ut") *") 220V s+,$
". O&erati#n
T%$ ".$)%$a, t)a!s#+ss+"! &+!$s a)$ sta!,a), a!, bu!,&$, t")$.$!t C")"!a
L"ss' 5%$! su)*a$ "t$!t+a& ()a,+$!t "* a "!,ut") $$$,s
,+$&$t)+ st)$!(t% "* t%$ su))"u!,+!( a+) T%+s aus$s +"!+:at+"! "*
t%$ &"a& a+) !$a) t%$ "!,ut") B a,,+!( #")$ 5+)$s +!st$a, "*
s"&+, "!$' t%$ su)*a$ a)$a +!)$as$s 5%+% ,$)$as$s su)*a$
"t$!t+a& ()a,+$!t T%us C")"!a &"ss )$.$!t$,
c. *here -#!nd
I! a&& ".$)%$a, "!!$t+"!
ii. Ins!lated C#nd!ct#r
>0
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T%$s$ "!,ut")s a)$ #a+!& ut+&+:$, +! AC "5$)
,+st)+but+"! !$t5")k a!, "!t)"& ab&$ !$t5")k
a. Rating
H+(%$st sst$# ."&ta($@ 110 V
T$@
A
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P"5$) ab&$ "!!$t+"!-
1 F)"# C"!.$!t+"!a& t)a!s*")#$)s t" #a+! S5+t% B"a),;MSB=J1 930 ##2
2 F)"# D+$s$& G$!$)at") t" AC D+st)+but+"! B"a), ;ACDB= J 38 ##2
T%$s$ +!su&at$, ab&$s a)$ ("!$ t%)"u(% ab&$ t)$!%
I!s+,$ Cab&$ T)$!%-
U$) T+$)s- P"5$) ab&$
C#ntr#l ca"le c#nnecti#n
T%+s ab&$ +s +!t$)-"!!$t$, t" .a)+"us CB' Is"&at")s' )$&as' LCC
Pa!$&' SAS R""#
>2
C#ntr#l ca"le P#$er Ca"le
2 28 ##2 2 C 9 ##2
3 28 ##2 4 C 9 ##2
SiDe4 28 ##2 4 C 19 ##28 28 ##2 2 10 ##2
)Cr#ss Secti#nal Areal,> 28 ##2 38 C 38 ##2C E C#re10 28 ##2 38 C >0 ##2
14 28 ##2 38 300 ##2
16 28 ##2 1 280 ##2
1 930 ##2
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C"!t)"& ab&$ b$a)s , s+(!a& *)"# DC ,+st)+but+"! b"a), t"
.a)+"us "!t)"& $&$#$!t
c. *here -#!nd
I!s+,$ C"!t)"& R""# a!, ab&$ T)$!%
7. C#r#na ring
A ")"!a )+!(' a&s" a&&$, a!t+-")"!a )+!(' +s a t")"+, "* ;t+a&&=
"!,ut+.$ #at$)+a& &"at$, +! t%$ .++!+t "* a t$)#+!a& "* a %+(%
."&ta($ ,$.+$ It +s $&$t)+a&& +!su&at$, Staks "* #")$ sa$,
)+!(s a)$ "*t$! us$, T%$ )"&$ "* t%$ ")"!a )+!( +s t" ,+st)+but$t%$ $&$t)+ $&, ()a,+$!t a!, &"5$) +ts #a+#u# .a&u$s b$&"5
t%$ ")"!a t%)$s%"&,' )$.$!t+!( t%$ ")"!a ,+s%a)($.
C")"!a )+!(s a)$ t+a&& +!sta&&$, "! .$) %+(% ."&ta($ "5$)
&+!$ +!su&at")s Ma!u*atu)$)s su(($st a ")"!a )+!( "! t%$ &+!$
$!, "* t%$ +!su&at") *") ab".$ 230 kV a!, "! b"t% $!,s *") ab".$
800 kV C")"!a )+!(s )"&"!( &+*$t+#$ "* +!su&at") su)*a$s b
su)$ss+!( t%$ $$ts "* ")"!a ,+s%a)($
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-ig C#r#na ring
4. O(TC in a trans'#rmer
O! &"a, Ta C%a!($) ;OLTC= +s us$, 5+t% %+(%$) aa+t
t)a!s*")#$)s 5%$)$ HT s+,$ ."&ta($ .a)+at+"! +s *)$/u$!t a!, a
!$a)& "!sta!t LT +s )$/u+)$, OLTC +s tt$, 5+t% t%$ t)a!s*")#$)
+ts$&* Mu&t+&$ ta+!(s *)"# HV 5+!,+!(s a)$ b)"u(%t t" t%$ OLTC
%a#b$) a!, "!!$t$, t" $, "!tats M".+!( "!tats
)"tat$s 5+t% t%$ %$& "* )"tat+!( M$%a!+s# %a.+!( a s+!,&$ T%+s
s+!,&$ a! b$ )"tat$, #a!ua&& as 5$&& as $&$t)+a&& 5+t% a#"t") M"t") +s "!!$t$, +! su% a 5a t%at +t a! )"tat$ +! b"t%
t%$ ,+)$t+"!s s" as t" )"tat$ t%$ OLTC "!tats +! &"k5+s$ a!,
a!t+&"k5+s$ ,+)$t+"! T5" us% butt"!s a)$ tt$, "! t%$ LCP
;&"a& "!t)"& a!$&= t" )"tat$ t%$ #"t") a!, %$!$ t%$ OLTC
"!tats +! &"k5+s$ a!, a!t+-&"k5+s$ ,+)$t+"! T%+s #".$#$!t
"* "!tats t%us "!t)"&s t%$ "utut LV ."&ta($ "* t%$ t)a!s*")#$)S" )"tat+!( "* OLTC "!tats 5+t% s+!,&$ ") us% butt"!s +! t%+s
5a +s a #a!ua& )"$ss I! as$ t%+s )"$ss "* )"tat+!( t%$ OLTC
"!tats a!, %$!$ "!t)"&&+!( t%$ LV s+,$ ."&ta($ +s t" b$ ,"!$
aut"#at+a&& t%$! a RTCC ;R$#"t$ Ta C%a!($) C"!t)"&&$)= +s
+!sta&&$, 5+t% t%$ t)a!s*")#$) HT Pa!$& T%$ RTCC s$!,s s+(!a&s t"
LCP a!, LCP +! tu)! )"tat$s t%$ #"t") as $) t%$ s+(!a&s )$$+.$,
*)"# t%$ RTCC
. Marshaling "#F
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It %as t5" #$t$) 5%+% +!,+at$ t%$ t$#$)atu)$ "* t%$ "+& a!,
5+!,+!( "* #a+! ta!k I* t$#$)atu)$ "* "+& ") 5+!,+!( $$$,s
t%a! s$+$, .a&u$' )$&a "$)at$s t" s"u!, a! a&a)# I* t%$)$ +s
*u)t%$) +!)$as$ +! t$#$)atu)$ t%$! )$&a "#&$t$s t%$ t)++)u+t t" "$! t%$ +)u+t b)$ak$) "!t)"&&+!( t%$ t)a!s*")#$)
=. S$itching schemes
T%$ *at")s "!s+,$)$, *") s$&$t+"! "* s5+t%+!( s%$#$s
R$&+ab+&+t *at")
A.a+&ab+&+t "* t%$ sa$ E"!"#+s ;)"?$t "st=
T%$)$ a! b$ s$.$)a& "#b+!at+"!s +! 5%+% t%$ $/u+#$!ts'
busba)s' st)utu)$s $t a! b$ a))a!($, t" a%+$.$ a
a)t+u&a) s5+t%+!( s%$#$
T%$ s5+t%+!( s%$#$s a! b$ #a,$ #")$ $+b&$ b #ak+!(
#+!") #",+at+"!s &+k$ )".+,+!( s$t+"!a&+:at+"! us+!( b-ass
at% $t
T%$ .a)+"us t$s "* s5+t%+!( s%$#$s a)$
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>9
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>>
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7. BUS COUPLER:
The *us 'oup!er 'onsists of 'ir'uit *rea%er and iso!ator Ea'h generator and feedera& *e 'onne'ted to either ain *us *ar or spar *us *ar $ith the he!p of *us
'oup!er 4epairing) aintenan'e and testing of feeder 'ir'uit or other se'tion 'an *e done *& putting the on spar *us *ar) thus %eeping the ain *us *arundistur*ed ,us 'oup!er is a de(i'e $hi'h is used s$it'h fro one *us to the other $ithout an& interruption in po$er supp!& and $ithout 'reating haardous ar's #t isa'hie(ed $ith the he!p of 'ir'uit *rea%er and iso!ators
. PO7
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operation of (arious generating unit 'ouni'ation net$or% is indispensa*!e forstate e!e'tri'it& *oard
#n state e!e'tri'it& *oards) the generating I distri*ution stations are genera!!&
!o'ated at a far distan'e fro 'ities Where 3 I T 'ouni'ation pro(ided through!ong o(erhead !ines in neither re!ia*!e nor :ui'%
As $e ha(e a(ai!a*!e (er& re!ia*!e ph&si'a! paths (i the po$er !ines) $hi'hinter'onne'ted) hen'e po$er !ine 'arrier 'ouni'ation is found to *e oste'onoi'a! and re!ia*!e for e!e'tri'it& *oards
A33L#CAT#ONSF
The 3LCC 'an *e used for the fo!!o$ing fa'i!itiesF
Te!ephon&
Te!eprote'tion
4eote 'ontro! or indi'ation
Te!eetr&
Te!eprinting
. SCA+A >6
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F+: S6"/"
T%$ task "* su$).+s+"! "* #a%+!$) a!, +!,ust)+a& )"$ss$s "!a )"ut+!$ bas+s a! b$ a! $)u+at+!(& t+)$s"#$ ?"b A&5asb$+!( b t%$ s+,$ a #a%+!$ ") b$+!( "! a 24> at)"& ,uta)"u!, t%$ ass$#b& &+!$ $/u+#$!t %$k+!( t%$ t$#$)atu)$&$.$&s' 5at$) &$.$&s' "+& &$.$& a!, $)*")#+!( "t%$) %$ks 5"u&,b$ "!s+,$)$, a 5asta($ "* t%$ $$)t+s$ "* t%$ t$%!++a! "!t)+.+a& tasks But' t" ($t )+, "* t%+s bu),$!s"#$ task' t%$ $!(+!$$)s
,$.+s$, $/u+#$!ts a!, s$!s")s t%at 5"u&, )$.$!t ") at &$ast)$,u$ t%$ *)$/u$! "* t%$s$ )"ut+!$ %$ks As a )$su&t "* t%at'"!t)"& sst$#s a!, +ts .a)+"us " s)+!(s &+k$ SCA+A sstems 5$)$ *")#$, S!&eris#r C#ntr#l and +ata Ac6!isiti#n)SCA+A, "$)s t%$ $as$ "* #"!+t")+!( "* s$!s")s &a$, at,+sta!$s' *)"# "!$ $!t)a& &"at+"!
SCADA sst$#s a)$ us$, t" #"!+t") a!, "!t)"& a &a!t ")
$/u+#$!t +! +!,ust)+$s su% as t$&$"##u!+at+"!s' 5at$) a!,5ast$ "!t)"&' $!$)(' "+& a!, (as )$!+!( a!, t)a!s")tat+"! ASCADA sst$# (at%$)s +!*")#at+"!' su% as 5%$)$ a &$ak "! a+$&+!$ %as "u))$,' t)a!s*$)s t%$ +!*")#at+"! bak t" a $!t)a&s+t$' a&$)t+!( t%$ %"#$ stat+"! t%at t%$ &$ak %as "u))$,' a))+!(
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"ut !$$ssa) a!a&s+s a!, "!t)"&' su% as ,$t$)#+!+!( +* t%$&$ak +s )+t+a&' a!, ,+s&a+!( t%$ +!*")#at+"! +! a &"(+a& a!,")(a!+:$, *as%+"! SCADA sst$#s a! b$ )$&at+.$& s+#&$' su%as "!$ t%at #"!+t")s $!.+)"!#$!ta& "!,+t+"!s "* a s#a&& "$
bu+&,+!(' ") +!)$,+b& "#&$' su% as a sst$# t%at #"!+t")s a&&t%$ at+.+t +! a !u&$a) "5$) &a!t ") t%$ at+.+t "* a #u!++a&5at$) sst$#
SCADA sst$#s 5$)$ )st us$, +! t%$ 1690s
Parts #' a SCA+A Sstem
T%$)$ a)$ #a! a)ts "* a 5")k+!( SCADA sst$# A SCADAsst$# +!&u,$s s+(!a& %a),5a)$ ;+!ut a!, "utut=' "!t)"&&$)s'!$t5")ks' us$) +!t$)*a$ ;HMI=' "##u!+at+"!s $/u+#$!t a!,s"*t5a)$ A&& t"($t%$)' t%$ t$)# SCADA )$*$)s t" t%$ $!t+)$ $!t)a&sst$# T%$ $!t)a& sst$# #"!+t")s ,ata *)"# .a)+"us s$!s")st%at a)$ $+t%$) +! &"s$ )"+#+t ") " s+t$ ;s"#$t+#$s #+&$sa5a=F") t%$ #"st a)t' t%$ b)a+!s "* a SCADA sst$# a)$$)*")#$, b t%$ Rem#te Terminal Units;S"#$t+#$s )$*$))$,
t" as t%$ RTU= T%$ R$#"t$ T$)#+!a& U!+ts "!s+sts "* a)"()a##ab&$ &"(+ "!t)"&&$) T%$ RTU a)$ s$t t" s$+)$/u+)$#$!ts' %"5$.$)' #"st RTU a&&"5 %u#a! +!t$).$!t+"!' *")+!sta!$' +! a *at") s$tt+!(' t%$ RTU #+(%t "!t)"& t%$ s$tt+!( "*a "!.$$) b$&t' a!, t%$ s$$, a! b$ %a!($, ") ".$))+,,$! ata! t+#$ b %u#a! +!t$).$!t+"! I! a,,+t+"!' a! %a!($s ")$))")s a)$ aut"#at+a&& &"(($, *") a!,") ,+s&a$, M"st "*t$!' aSCADA sst$# 5+&& #"!+t") a!, #ak$ s&+(%t %a!($s t" *u!t+"!
"t+#a&&J SCADA sst$#s a)$ "!s+,$)$, &"s$, &"" sst$#sa!, )u! 5+t% )$&at+.$& &+tt&$ %u#a! +!t$).$!t+"! O!$ "* k$)"$ss$s "* SCADA +s t%$ ab+&+t t" #"!+t") a! $!t+)$ sst$# +!)$a& t+#$ T%+s +s *a+&+tat$, b ,ata a/u+s+t+"!s +!&u,+!( #$t$))$a,+!(' %$k+!( status$s "* s$!s")s' $t t%at a)$
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"##u!+at$, at )$(u&a) +!t$).a&s ,$$!,+!( "! t%$ sst$#B$s+,$s t%$ ,ata b$+!( us$, b t%$ RTU' +t +s a&s" ,+s&a$, t" a%u#a! t%at +s ab&$ t" +!t$)*a$ 5+t% t%$ sst$# t" ".$))+,$s$tt+!(s ") #ak$ %a!($s 5%$! !$$ssa)
SCADA a! b$ s$$! as a sst$# 5+t% #a! ,ata $&$#$!ts a&&$,"+!ts Ea% "+!t +s a #"!+t") ") s$!s") P"+!ts a! b$ $+t%$) %a),") s"*t A %a), ,ata "+!t a! b$ a! atua& #"!+t")J a s"*t "+!ta! b$ s$$! as a! a&+at+"! ") s"*t5a)$ a&u&at+"! Data$&$#$!ts *)"# %a), a!, s"*t "+!ts a)$ a&5as )$"),$, a!,&"(($, t" )$at$ a t+#$ sta# ") %+st")
SCADA sst$# +!&u,$s a us$) +!t$)*a$' a&&$, 5!man Machine
Inter'ace )5MI,. T%$ HMI "* a SCADA sst$# +s 5%$)$ ,ata +s)"$ss$, a!, )$s$!t$, t" b$ .+$5$, a!, #"!+t")$, b a %u#a!"$)at") T%+s +!t$)*a$ "!t)"&s 5%$)$ t%$ +!,+.+,ua& a! +!t$)*a$5+t% t%$ SCADA sst$#
HMIs a)$ a! $as 5a t" sta!,a),+:$ t%$ *a+&+tat+"! "* #"!+t")+!(#u&t+&$ RTUs ") PLCs ;)"()a##ab&$ &"(+ "!t)"&&$)s= RTUs ")PLCs 5+&& )u! a )$)"()a##$, )"$ss' but #"!+t")+!( $a% "*t%$# +!,+.+,ua&& a! b$ ,+u&t' b$aus$ t%$ a)$ s)$a, "ut".$) t%$ sst$# B$aus$ RTUs a!, PLCs %+st")+a&& %a, !"sta!,a),+:$, #$t%", t" ,+s&a ") )$s$!t ,ata t" a! "$)at")'t%$ SCADA sst$# "##u!+at$s 5+t% PLCs t%)"u(%"ut t%$sst$# !$t5")k a!, )"$ss$s +!*")#at+"! t%at +s $as+&,+ss$#+!at$, b t%$ HMI
HMIs a! a&s" b$ &+!k$, t" a ,atabas$' 5%+% a! us$ ,ata(at%$)$, *)"# PLCs ") RTUs t" )".+,$ ()a%s "! t)$!,s' &"(+st+
+!*"' s%$#at+s *") a s$+ s$!s") ") #a%+!$ ") $.$! #ak$t)"ub&$s%""t+!( (u+,$s a$ss+b&$ I! t%$ &ast ,$a,$' )at+a&&a&& SCADA sst$#s +!&u,$ a! +!t$()at$, HMI a!, PLC ,$.+$#ak+!( +t $t)$#$& $as t" )u! a!, #"!+t") a SCADA sst$#
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5. CONCLUSION:-
# got a':uainted $ith the E!e'tri'a! departent engaged here in the Coissioningof su'h a assi(e pro+e't and 'ae to %no$ a*out their $or%ing These peop!e$or% da& and night to !ighten the $or!d and in parti'u!ar us so that $e ha(e a!! theeans to do our $or% $ith utost ease ,& (irtue of this training progra # 'aeto %no$ a*out (arious te'hni'a! aspe'ts and ip!i'ations of su'h Su*station
pro+e't starting fro ground ero to the !e(e! it is no$) the te'hni'a! e:uipentsre:uired for the sae the ip!i'ations arising $ith the uti!iation of those $ith theidea in the ind to uti!ie ea'h and e(er& *it used to it fu!! potentia! $ith !ongest
possi*!e !ife fro a!ong $ith the hard $or% and expertise of the offi'ia!s and
$or%ers $hi'h the& put in to a%e this assi(e pro+e't sustained) running andaintaining the reputation of its existen'e
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