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“A STUDY ON OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER CONSUMPTIONAND APPLICATION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY AT

M/s IEC DOW CHEMICAL INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LIMITED”

MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

SubmittedBy

GOPINATH. J

Regn. No.

1



APROJECT REPORT

ON

“A STUDY ON OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER CONSUMPTIONAND APPLICATION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY AT

M/s IEC DOW CHEMICAL INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LIMITED”

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

SUBMITTEDBY

GOPINATH. JReg . N!.

2



ABSTRACT

In order to bring in a principal combination of efficiency and effectiveness in

the right place and at the right time Facility Management at M/s IEC recognize a

need for a tool to optimize its electrical power consumption to improve its

operational efficiency and an effective power management strategy ‘application of

green technology’ in its site !ptimizing power consumption and the application of

"reen #echnology is a facility management strategy that helps businesses doesboth $ma%ing money& and $saving the planet& 'hen we conserve energy

resources( our nation can en)oy cleaner air and a healthier environment( and we

can help protect the climate *uilding "reen *uildings or energy+efficient

buildings will not only save your money( allowing us to provide more healthy(

comfortable and sustainable future

I "opinath , conducted an e-ploratory study entitled $ A study on

optimization of electrical power consumption and application of green

technology at M/s IEC ow chemical international pri!ate limited & entailing

fine+grained methodologies in the form of evaluation of various technologies for

adoption and evaluation of various factors that leads to higher power

consumption( reducing primary energy consumption from . 0C system and to

determine a system for M/s IEC that optimize power consumption( through an

analysis of intensive case studies and through our e-perience in other pro)ects

that are well suited for this type of pro)ects( that can address 1uestions about the

process( conte-t( and customization of change strategies that lead to sustainable

performance 23ettigrew et al ( 45567

3



#he paper systematically classifies the published literature using different

techni1ues( and also identifies the possible gaps

#he paper outlines important techni1ues used in various maintenance

optimization models including the *rain 8troming techni1ue to find out why power

consumption is more at IEC( 9ating system to evaluate the root cause( Fish bone

diagram #here is an emerging trend towards uses of 'hy 'hy analysis of

selection of probable root causes and them narrow down the probable root cause

to a few #his study classifies the literature on electrical consumption

optimization models and based on emerging trends it outlines the directions for

future research in the area of similar Facilities Management 8ervices

#he current study aims at filling this gap through an analysis of

comprehensive electrical power consumption optimization system for M/s IEC

4



TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TOPICS PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT

I INTRODUCTION• Research Background• Introduction to the Industry• Company Pro i!e

3

II LITERATURE REVIEW• Need or an "nergy Sa#ing $ode!• Concepts and Indicators•

Bui!ding "nergy $anagement System• Breaking the myth that the green a!%ays costs more

&

III OBJECTIVE" SCOPE # LIMITATIONS

• 'b(ecti#e o the study• Scope o the study• )imitation o the study

1*

I+ RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Research design• $ethods o data co!!ection

1,

+ ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

• -d#antages /isad#antages o 0I in Indian-utomoti#e Industry Conte t

•

Identi ied -ttributes o 0I Purchasing System

22

+I CONCLUSIONS• indings• Suggestions• Conc!usion

41

BIBLIOGRAPHY 4*

*



RESEARC" BAC#$R%&'

#raditionally( energy has been viewed as a cost( a bill to be paid and an

e-pense to be controlled #hose who are ready for the future( however have

matured into a new perspective towards energy and are shifting their operations(

to capitalize on the full value of energy as a :raw material:( a resource that can

be applied to grow and sustain their business into the future 0mong the different

challenges faced by facilities managers( inefficient energy consumption of buildings( and a need for application of green technology for a "reen ; Clean

*uilding are the today’s two ma)or challenges !ptimizing power consumption

and the application of "reen #echnology is a facility management strategy that

helps businesses does both $ma%ing money& and $saving the planet& 'hen we

conserve energy resources( our nation can en)oy cleaner air and a healthier

environment( and we can help protect the climate *uilding "reen *uildings or

energy+efficient buildings will not only save your money( allowing us to provide

more healthy( comfortable and sustainable future

<iteratures show optimization of power consumption and application of "reen

#echnology is that innovation which reduces waste by changing patterns of

consumption and/or production and It is also defined as environmental healing

technology( which reduces environmental damages created by the products and

technologies for peoples= conveniences Most of the businesses may not be very

e-cited to $go green& by reducing the consumption and emissions since their

motto is to ma%e money not to save the planet #he global strategy should be to

help businesses do both

&



Energy use of buildings presents >5? of the total primary energy

consumption in India !ften( this energy is consumed inefficiently *y addressing

cause+and effect 5 relationships@ most of the problems predominantly arise from

the building technical operation and management 0 study of 6A4 commercial

buildings has found that B5? of the buildings have control problems 8avings of

up to ? have been achieved by correction of control problems #his

demonstrates that solving control related problems contributes significantly in

primary energy savings

M/s IEC identified an opportunity that present Electrical 3ower Consumption

can be reduced by at least ? by leveraging similar power saving pro)ect

e-perience( Moreover this pro)ect will lead further similar studies at other M/s

D!' various other locations globally

6





cluster of companies that provide single services and specialize in services such

as catering and pantry( cleaning and house%eeping( security and others #he

mar%et for hard services has high prominence in the I# sector as it outsource the

wor% to professionalized and well+e1uipped service providers Cleaning and

.ouse%eeping services contribute a higher percentage of the mar%et followed by

maintenance and engineering services and finally security services and others

#he commercial sector witnessed the highest percentage share of the overall

FM services mar%et #he commercial sector is maturing( providing huge potential

among other sectors such as telecom( retail and industrial as "lobal M Cs such

as 0ccenture( o%ia( Cisco( Microsoft( and others demand outsourced FM

services in India 3resence of global and Indian M Cs is the ma)or driver for the

growth of this mar%et across various end+user sectors as they are the potential

customers due to their increased awareness levels and willingness to invest in

such services outsourced services coupled with the investment boom in real

estate and construction sectors "rowth of this mar%et is driven by the need for

safety( comfort( and healthy environment of the employees as well as the

increase in awareness about outsourced services among customers #he mar%et

sustained the situation and improved its penetration largely through e-isting

contracts although the economy witnessed slowdown in the last 4+A years

#herefore( it is observed that the current economic situation prevailing in the 8

and Euro zone will not have much impact on the growth of this mar%et India’s

growth is e-pected to be intact with a "D3 growth rate of >+ percent in the

coming years due to the current economic scenario and its long term implication

on the emerging countries

I' &STR( C"A))E'$ES

7



<ac% of availability of technical and non+technical manpower is one of the

biggest challenges the industry is facing currently #he lac% of 1ualified staff has

increased the lead times in mobilizing resources/staff after a pro)ect has been

successfully contracted Increase in inflation and labor cost have forced many

customers to replace long+term contracts with medium+term ones Many

customers find it easier to maintain medium+ and short+term contracts rather than

long+term ones as the latter will lead to price rise

#he ne-t big factor posing as a deterrent is competition 8ince the mar%et is

riddled with low cost unorganized service providers( pricing and margins come

under pressure as these unorganized players provide services at low rates(

essentially scuttling the competition from large organized players .owever( many

international property management companies have entered into this mar%et and

achieved phenomenal growth rates over the last five years

$reen Technology

In general( the technologies and related services in the $green& sector can be

grouped into the following categoriesJ

Energy

• 9enewable and alternative energy production• Energy conservation• Energy storage

'ater

•

'ater conservation• 'ater recycling• 3roduction of water from alternative sources( such as desalination

18





• Construction( building operation and building maintenance• 3ower generation and distribution• 'ater systems• 9etailing• 8upply chains

"reen technology affects these sectors in a wide variety of ways For

e-ample( the broad field of energy continues to produce transportation fuel and

electricity in a largely traditional manner 2from natural gas( coal and petroleum7

0t the same time( however( a very significant effort within the energy sector is

focused on conservation and efficiency as well as the development of renewable

energy sources In fact( throughout the green technology field( conservation is

where the low+hanging fruit lies #he easiest green solutions will be in better

insulation in buildings@ lighter materials

in cars( truc%s and airplanes@ reduction of today’s massive lea%s in municipal

water systems@ and better storage( in the emerging world( of agricultural products

in order to reduce spoilage

8imply ma%ing efficiency( in materials and energy usage( a consideration in

engineering and design of all types is already having a dramatic effect on

sustainability For e-ample( 'al+Mart( the world’s largest retailer by far( set a goal

for its suppliers to reduce pac%aging on average by >? from 455G to 456A 0t

first glance( this may not sound li%e much( but the fact is that the amount of pac%aged products that flow through 'al+Mart in a given year( with its KH B

billionL in annual revenues( is so massive that >? will add up to a tremendous

amount

0s part of this process( the company has created a sustainable pac%aging

scorecard for more than B4 (555 items that are sold in its stores and 8am’s

Clubs #he scorecard evaluates the environmental attributes of pac%aging( and

12



enables its suppliers to measure whether or not their pac%aging reduces energy

consumption( cuts waste and fosters sustainability #he company even has an

annual $8ustainable 3ac%aging E-po& where its suppliers can meet with leading

pac%aging manufacturers and designers to learn about the latest technologies

and innovations <ong term( 'al+Mart has set a goal of being pac%aging+neutral

by 454> #hat is( the company plans to be recycling pac%aging and waste to the

e-tent that it uses no more pac%aging materials than it creates *y 456A( the

company was already G5? effective

Company 3rofile

LITERATURE REVIEW

13



NEED FOR AN ENERGY SAVING MODEL

CONCEPTS # INDICATORS

BUILDING ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

BREA$ING THE MYTH THAT GREEN ALWAYSCOSTS MORE

'EE *%R A' E'ER$( SA+I'$ ,R%$RAM M% E) 0ppropriate energy use and management are the first steps to true savings

and to creating an effective energy savings plan #he methodology shown in

Figure can be used to establish this type of plan #his methodology see%s to

create a virtuous cycle of constant improvement that helps establish minimum

efficiency parameters within a company

#he purpose of this methodology is to have a tool to elaborate a wor% plan

that outlines a useful and applicable energy savings program 0s with any

framewor% methodology( certain measures must be available to monitor progress(

including concepts and indicators that help guide the company and allow it to

understand its health in terms of energy consumption

14



.owever( it is necessary to follow a se1uential framewor% to establish an

action plan #he following simple and structured methodology can be used as a

model to build a concrete wor% plan

#he previous diagram tries to establish a baseline for an entire company@

however( it is necessary to add standard measurements and concepts #here are

factors and indicators that can be used as tools to measure certain important

parameters in terms of energy use( generation and consumption Certain

practical %nowledge is needed to determine operational efficiency

8ome basic indicators( such as demand factors( production factors and

ma-imum demand( among others( offer a clear panorama of a company’s energy

health In addition( they indicate which areas need improvement in order to reach

certain energy savings #his is applicable to both offices and industries

Concepts and indicators

1*

Stage19-greementson Company "nergySa#ings

Regu!ator yCommittee

Stage49 "#a!uation oProposed P!an

Stage29 Study on

Company5s "nergy:se

Stage39 Programs to$anage "nergySa#ings



Power factor

If the industry is large enough( it may be penalized by its power factor 2pf7

#his factor is basically an indicator of electrical efficiency or the electricity that is

used For e-ample( an electric stove or incandescent light bulb has a pf of 6 In

any other appliance( the electrical charge’s power is not completely used( since

the current passes through and is not used 655? due to normal losses caused

by the appliance

#he power factor for an industry should e1ual appro-imately 5 0ny number

below that will be penalized on the monthly bill( at least in the case of Costa 9ica'hat does a power factor lower than 5 imply 8een from the consumer’s point

of view( it means an increase in electricity consumption( strong drops in

conductor tension( a reduction in the useful life of appliances and appliance

imbalances

!n the other hand( from the perspective of the electricity distributor( a low

power factor means greater investment in electrical generation e1uipment

because N 0 2%ilovolt amperes7 capacity is affected > In addition( the distributor

has to use lines and transformers with greater capacity( increasing energy loss

and associated costs

Electric current

Electrical energy flow( or electric current( is measured in amperes 207 #o

generate an electric current through a cable( there must be a $difference of

tension or voltage& between the two ends( which is e-pressed in volts 2 7 'ater

and electricity have very similar behaviors in terms of flows 0s an analogy( if a

person wants water to move through a tube( there must be different pressures

between the two ends of the tube #his same principle applies to electricity

1&



*y creating a great difference in tension( large amounts of electricity O or

power O can be transported per second using transmission lines or cables

Electric power is measured in watts 2'7( and e1uals the voltage multiplied by the

amperage

3ower P - 0

#wo types of electric currents can be produced by electrical generatorsJ

Direct current 2DC7J energy travels or is transported in only one direction( from

positive to negative Direct current is used in low ‐ capacity systems( for e-ample(

batteries( cell phone batteries and low ‐ tension photovoltaic systems

0lternating current 20C7J this current continuously alternates direction in a

cyclical wave pattern( causing a sinusoidal voltage wave with both positive and

negative pea%s #he numbers of cycles per second is the fre1uency and is

e-pressed in hertz 2.z7 0n electrical grid normally has a fre1uency of >5 .z

2Europe7 or B5 .z 2Continental 0merica7 #his type of current is used in large(

high‐

tension systems( such as electrical stations( and is sent through theelectrical grid to houses and productive centers !ne of the reasons why

alternating currents are used is because it is cheaper to increase or decrease its

voltage( and less energy is lost using high ‐ tension systems to transport energy

over long distances

"enerally( watts per hour are used to e-press the amount of electrical energy

used 2or 'h7 !ne watt/hour is e1uivalent to the amount of converted energy

during one hour for an appliance with 6 watt of power Energy consumption is

also regularly e-pressed in %ilowatts per hour 2%'h7

'hP Q0h

where is the general system tension or voltage

16



Capacity factor

Capacity factor is used as an indicator to measure the productivity of an

electrical generation of any utility for e-ample( a hydroelectric( biomass( wind or

solar system( among others #his indicator is the comparison of real production

during a given amount of time with the amount of energy produced theoretically( if

the plant had been producing at 655? capacity during that timeframe 8ee the

following formula

9eal production

Capacity factor P +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - 655

#heoretical 3roduction

Consider the following e-ampleJ a system of 6 %' could theoretically

generate G( B5 %'h in one year #his calculation was made usingJ

•

EnergyP power - time• #herefore( the energy generated would be 6%' - 4H hours/day - AB>

days P G( B5%'h

It is important to note that an electrical generation plant cannot operate 655?

of the time( due to maintenance and system and e1uipment technical failures(

among other reasons Continuing with the previous e-ample( if this plant’s real

annual production was >(555 %'h( then its capacity factor would beJ

>(555

r capacity factor P +++++++++++++ - 655 P > ?

G B5

1,



#his is a good capacity factor 0 good factor is usually one e1ualing B5 ‐ 5?(

even reaching more than 5? in e-ceptional cases( depending on the industry

and business

Maximum demand

Ma-imum demand is representative of a period of time and has to do with

electrical charges( from motors( compressors( lighting and refrigeration

e1uipment( among others( that are in use during that timeframe In other words(

demand is the specific value in time for energy consumption of determined

charges( measured in power units called %ilowatts 2%'7

3ea%s of ma-imum demand can be controlled !ne way to do so is to avoid

using electrical charges within the building at the same time 0nother way is to

schedule sections of production when the cost per %' is lower( for e-ample( at

night Companies can also scale the timing when e1uipment is turned on and off

#his can be scheduled to incorporate preventive maintenance and offers two

benefits First( it avoids dead time and e-penses in production due to

maintenance issues 'ith good maintenance( the availability of e1uipment can

increase by up to 5? #he second benefit comes from decreasing e-cessive

energy use from unnecessary e1uipment in a factory

Production schedules, an easy tool to use.

#here are several simple and low ‐ cost tools that we can implement to save

energy without ma%ing a huge investment !ne is %nowing the different rates for

%'h( depending on the schedule( region or country 3ea% consumption hours are

times when electrical energy demand is high 8cheduling scaled production

based on consumption hours and changing the times that people start wor%

during the year( can result in savings of up to 45? in each monthly electricity bill17



Demand factors

#his is the relationship between electrical system’s ma-imum demand and

the total charge connected at a specific time #his can be e-pressed using the

followingJ

Ma-imum demand

Demand factor P +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

#otal potential charge

#his factor provides a panorama of the percentage of real demand at a factory

or building

Building Energy Management Systems

*uilding Energy Management 8ystems 2*EM87 is one of the best %nown

solutions in improving building operation #he *EM8 are can be applied to the

control of active systems( i e heating( ventilation( and air+conditioning 2. 0C7

systems( while also determining their operating times 0lthough using *EM8 has

proved that it is one of the effective ways for building operation( it is still restricted

to simple data measuring and metering for heating and cooling on a monthly

basis Furthermore( this method allows only for detection of high energy

consumption without detecting the main reasons for faults in the system

especially in comple- systems such as the . 0C

8imulation+based control is a technology in ne-t+generation building systems

where it can assist in more efficient operation for the *uilding Energy

Management systems Moreover( it has the ability for fault detection and

diagnosis #his re1uires creating a calibrated model that acts almost as the real

building #he current researches revolve around control optimization using either

28



forward model or data+driven model Most of the researches adopted the data

driven model for solving heating( ventilation and cooling problems which was

successful for controlling some parts but it did not ta%e into consideration the

physical interactions of the whole building system .

Brea-ing the Myth that $reen Always Costs More

'hile many green materials and technologies do cost more( it has been

demonstrated that many green strategies and technologies actually cost the

same and some even cost less than traditional $not+so+green& technologies *y

blending the right mi- of green technologies that cost less with greentechnologies that cost the same or slightly more( it is possible to have a very

green building pro)ect that costs the same as a conventional one !ften the %ey

to a cost effective green building and site design lies within the interrelationships

and associated cost and performance trade+offs that e-ist between different

building systems For e-ample( the use of high performance windows and

window frames increases the first cost of the building envelope( however the

resulting reduction in the size and cost of the buildings heating and cooling

system more than offsets the added cost of the better glazing system #he result

is a building that has a comparable or perhaps even a lower first cost( a higher

comfort level( lower energy use( and lower energy bills and operating cost for the

life of the building #here are many living e-amples of cost effective green

building in Chennai

21



CHAPTER III

OBJECTIVES" SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

OBJECTIVIES OF THE STUDY

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

22



OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

•

0 system for optimizing Electrical 3ower Consumption at M/s IEC• 9educing present Electrical 3ower consumption by at least ?(• 9educing primary energy consumption from . 0C 2.eating( entilation( 0ir+

condition7 system• 9eviewing the challenges and available options for the application of "reen

#echnology

23



SCOPE OF THE STUDY%

#he scope of the study $ A study on optimization of electrical power

consumption and application of green technology at M/s IEC ow chemical

international pri!ate limited & is in finding out the root cause and the attributes to

be considered in optimizing the present electrical power consumption and to find

out the attributes for application of "reen #echnology which has significant

impact on the performance of Facilities Management at M/s IEC

#his study is concerned in finding various causes of high electricity power

consumption( reducing primary energy consumption from a . 0C system at M/s

IEC( the attributes for optimizing the power consumption and implementation of

"reen #echnology

#his study was conducted by surveying various similar pro)ects( reports(

materials( surveys and boo%s related to the topic( and by interviewing few e-perts

on the sub)ect in my organization

24



LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

0 good pro)ect report describes and e-plains the results derived at through the

study 0s a result( whichever limitation occurs in the study( also creep into the

pro)ect and become the limitations of the report In 8hort( it can be said that a

study is as precise as the limitations of its study Every assignment has its own

limitations and so did by me I have listed a few of the limitations of my studies

belowJ

6 #he study was limited to attributes identified at M/s IEC may not be applied

by other companies for reducing its power consumption e1ually

4 #iming of the study may be a factor( results based on attributes related to

the period of study

A #he time period of the study being only few wee%s( it was not possible to

conduct a highly in+depth and detailed study( which in turn might affect the

findings

H Different people have different thought process and different attitudes 0s

a result( opinion of e-perts may differ #herefore( the results derived from

this study differs when apply at other conte-t

2*



CHAPTER IV

METHODOLOGY

2&



Research esign

$0 research design in the specification of methods and procedures for ac1uiring

the needed information it is the over all operational pattern of frame wor% of the

pro)ect that stipulates what information is to be collected from which sources by

what procedures&

#o test the reliability( of the power consumption optimization solution and to

define a %ey principles( technology and strategies for application of green technologya combination of 1ualitative 1uantitative approach was followed in this study #he

proposed solution will help the facility managers at M/s IEC 'here it gives a

guideline for detecting high energy consumption problems faced in office buildings

and operational cycle evertheless( it clarifies the procedure and the variables that

should be considered during the process( thus an accurate model behaves almost as

the real building could be created #he proposed framewor% consists of five layers

• 0n investigation layer(

• alidation layer(

• 0nalysis layer(

• optimization layer and finally

• communication layer

#he first layer revolves around doing investigations where at this stage all the

relevant data to address all the power consuming e1uipment and building behavior

should be gathered #herefore( power metering were installed to cover all

e1uipment #he second layer considered as representation for the building under

26



consideration( thus it should be calibrated to reach the best fit between the model

and real data measured #he third layer is analysis of problems occurred in

e1uipment( its position in the building and its relation to the current heating control

configuration #he fourth layer is optimization layer( at this stage operational control

and the e1uipment control alternative possibilities are generated and evaluated

& DATA FOR THE STUDY

Data collected for 4H days during the month of March which is neither too cold or

too hot climate( the temperature during the period reflects the average

temperature of the city 9emenyi et al 26 G7 asserts that probability sampling isthe domain of the positivist( whilst non+probability sampling is that of the

phenomenologist #his pro)ect has phenomenologist underpinnings and

probability sampling would not be appropriate( therefore onprobability data

sampling method has been selected for this pro)ect #his selection was based on

9ubin and *abbie’s 26 7 advice that %nowledge of the population 2organisation7

is important when embar%ing on the use of such sampling method #he study

relied on previous similar pro)ects performed

,rimary ata for the Study.

3erformance MeasureJ Measuring the current performance of Electrical 3ower

Consuming e1uipment within M/s IEC in Nwh

!peration DefinitionJ Every normal wor%ing day power consumption at M/s IEC

Data 8ource ; <ocationJ 9eadings from # E* reading meter and *ase *uilder

data

8ample 8izeJ 4H

Measurement 8ystemJ #otal power consumption figure is summation of 3ower

consumption ta%en from # E* 9eading from B os Nwh meter reading within

IEC premises 7 ; 3ower consumption towards chilled water usage 2Datafurnished by *ase builder 7

2,



T%%)S *%R MEAS&RI'$ ATA

#otal power Consumption E-cept power consumption due to Chilled water usage

# E* 2#amilnadu Electricity *oard O statutory authority’s meter to measure

3ower consumption reading from N'. meters 2Energy meter 7 installed at the

IEC Facility7 furnishes IEC consumption data

3ower Consumption for Chilled water usageJ *ase builder furnishes IEC power

consumption towards chilled water Consumption usage based on dedicated *#

meter reading

Daily total consumption is furnished by C*9E based on chilled water use ;

# E* tariff

Secondary ata for the Study.

8econdary data source incudes previous similar e-perience and pro)ects done for

other sites Interview ; Consultation from supervisors( Data from *oo%s( ,ournals

and various websites

Analysis and presentation of results

- ter consu!tation %ith Seniors to determine a!! possib!e root causes o e!ectrica! po%er

consumption and to discuss the green option princip!es and techno!ogies. 3* root causes

are short !isted or root cause e#a!uation then a ranking system to e#a!uate the root cause

are determined and ranked; high!y scored root causes are taken or <=>? =>?@

ana!ysis to ind out the u!timate root cause. -t the "nd o =hy =hy ana!ysis ;the tota! *

Probab!e root causes ha#e been narro% do%n to 3 probab!e root causes; %hich are

u!timate root causes o unnecessary po%er consumption.

- ter determining the u!timate root causes o po%er consumption; or sustainab!e

de#e!opment and princip!es or maintaining the site green %ere de ined.

27



CHAPTER V

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

38



+arious root causes ana!ysed or the study to be presented here and ho% they arededuced to 3 u!timate root cause

>o% 6A reduction in consumption charges to be e !p!ained

31



32



CHAPTER VICONCLUSIONS

F' (' gs

S)gges*'! s

C! +,)s'!

33





,rinciples #ey strategies and Technologies recommended for ma-ing M/s

IEC 0uilding a 1$reen Building 1

#ey ,rinciples.

• Minimize adverse impacts on the environment 2air( water( land( natural

resources7 through optimized building siting( optimized building re+design(

material selection( and aggressive use of energy conservation measure • *uilding performance should e-ceed minimum International Energy Code

2IEC7 compliance level by A5 to H5? or more• Ma-imize the use of renewable energy and other low impact energy sources

#ey Strategies and Technologies.

• !ptimize passive solar orientation( building massing and use of e-ternal

shading devices such that the design of the building minimizes undesirablesolar gains during the summer months while ma-imizing desirable solar gains

during winter months• !ptimize building orientation( massing( shape( design( and interior colors and

finishes in order to• ma-imize the use of controlled natural day lighting which significantly reduces

artificial lighting energy use thereby reducing the buildings internal cooling

load and energy use Consider the use of light shelf technology• se of high performance low+e glazing( can result in significant year round

energy savings• se of Insulated double glazing( triple glazing or double pane glazing with a

suspended low+e film• 8elective coatings offer optimal light transmittance while providing minimal

solar gain and minimal heat transmission

3*



• 'indow frames( sashes and curtain wall systems should also be designed

foroptimum energy performance including the use of multiple thermal brea%s

to help reduce energy use• !ptimize the value of e-terior insulation and the overall thermal performance

of the e-terior envelope assembly• Consider advanced/high performance envelope building systems such as

structural insulated panel systems 28I387 and insulated concrete form

systems 2ICF’s7 that can be applied to light commercial and institutional

buildings• 8I38 and ICF’s and other thermally $decoupled& envelope systems will offer

the highest energy performance• se energy efficient #+G and #+> bulbs( high efficiency electronic ballasts( and

lighting controls• Consider using indirect ambient lighting with wor%station based direct tas%

lighting to improve light 1uality( reduce glare and improve overall energy

performance in general office areas Incorporate sensors and controls and

design circuits so that lighting along perimeter zones and offices can be

switched off independently from other interior lights when day lighting is

sufficient in perimeter areas• se state+of+the art( high efficiency( heating( ventilation and air conditioning

2. 0C7 and plumbing e1uipment( chillers( boilers( and water heaters( etc se

variable speed drives on fan and pump motors• se heat recovery ventilators and geothermal heat pump technology for up to

H5? energy savings• 0void the use of .CFC and .alon based refrigeration( cooling and fire

suppression systems !ptimize• the use of natural ventilation and where practical use evaporative cooling(

waste heat and/or solar • regenerated desiccant dehumidification or absorption cooling Identify and use

sources of waste energy

3&



• se Energy 8tar certified energy efficient appliances( office e1uipment(

lighting and . 0C systems• Consider on+site small+scale wind( solar( and/or fuel cell based energy

generation and co+generation• 3urchase environmentally preferable $green& power from certified renewable

and sustainable sources

36



S)gges*'! s%

8uggestionsJ

#he following are 8uggestions derived from the study for M/s IEC for Maintaining

!ptimum Electrical 3ower consumption at its building and for moving towards

"reen EnergyJ

Conducting a comprehensi!e energy audit on.

• *uilding 8hell• . 0C 2.eating( ventilating( and air conditioning7 and !ther 8ystems• !ffice and Industrial E1uipment• <ighting

Impro!ing energy efficiency of 0uilding

• #ighten the building envelope 2energy efficient windows and doors( ade1uate

insulation( weather stripping and caul%ing to seal air gaps7o Energy 8tar guidance for buildings and plantso International Energy Conservation Code for commercial buildings

• Control direct sun through windows with solar screens( window films( awnings

and vegetation• 3aint e-ternal walls and roof white to reflect heat

o Information on Cool roofso Information on "reen roofs which can reduce heat gains and losses

3,



Impro!ing efficiency of "+AC and %ther Systems2

• Investment in energy efficient . 0C e1uipment• 3erforming regular maintenance on . 0C systems and change filters

according to system specifications• !perating tips and tools on combustion systems( steam boiler systems and

process heating systems• Eliminate waste heat by insulating piping and heat generating e1uipment• Install variable fre1uency drives on . 0C pumps( fans( and compressed air

systems• Install programmable thermostats and ad)ust for non+wor% hours• Install high+volume( low speed fans to improve air circulation and save energy

costs• Improve efficiency of compressed air and steam systems

o Chec% for lea%so 0void 5 degree angles in the pipingo se the lowest pressure setting that provides reliable performanceo Consider ducting outside air when temperatures are lower since less

energy is needed to compress cool air than warm air• Install cogeneration 2combined heat and power7 system

Impro!e efficiency of office and industrial e3uipment2

• Invest in energy efficient e1uipment and applianceso Energy efficient computers( monitors( and other office e1uipmento Demand 2tan%less7 water heaters

• Install variable fre1uency drives on pumps( fans( and motors• pgrade to more efficient and properly+sized electric motors• Consolidate office e1uipment se high+speed printers or multi+function

networ%ed copiers that can be used as printers to reduce the number of

printers in your office• Consolidate use of small appliances 2microwaves( toaster( coffee pots( mini+

fridges( etc 7 by using larger more energy+efficient appliances in brea% rooms• Install power strips to allow employees to easily control $phantom& power

loads from chargers for laptops and other electronic devices or simply instruct

employees to unplug when not in use

37



• Improve efficiency of computer servers by consolidating and using

virtualization software that optimizes I# assets se 3C management software

that allows software patches to be performed without being left on all night

and power management software or power saving modes on computers• se energy management software to turn off vending machines and other

e1uipment when not in use

Impro!e efficiency of lighting

• 9eplace incandescent lighting with fluorescent lighting and light+emitting

diodes 2<EDs7 or other energy efficient lighting 9eplace all #+64 fluorescent

lighting with energy efficiency #+G or #+> fi-tures and install <ED e-it signs• Install motion sensors( timers( manual dimmers or or automatic daylight

dimming controls• Ma-imize use of natural light 2windows( s%ylights and solar tubes7 and use

tas% lighting where e-tra lighting is needed

se energy management software systems to control lighting( . 0C systems(

and to turn off computers and printers( vending machines and other

e1uipment

• #ips on energy management systems

#rain employees on basic conservation practices such as turning off lights and

e1uipment when not in use( controlling thermostat( and activating energy saving

features on e1uipment

Contact your utility or a demand response management company about pea%

load management Modify production schedules to limit pea% energy use and

save money

Renewa0le Energy

48



• Install on+site renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic( solar water

heating( solar+powered e-terior lighting( geothermal systems( or wind energy

C%'C)&SI%'

41



In this study a framewor% for implementing a solution for optimization of power

consumption has been introduced to reduce the electrical power consumption and

primary energy consumption from a heating system in M/s IEC building in Chennai

#his reduction was achieved by analyzing root cause of wastage and controlling

some parameters that influence high energy consumption

#he result of this study support the notion that M/s IEC has the potential to

increase the operational efficiency( 1uality and organizational effectiveness through

reducing in its present electrical power consumption by ?( and reducing its primary

energy consumption from . 0C system and can maintain a system for optimizing

electrical power consumption #he insisting and training employees on importance

of energy saving( establishment of new procedures for reducing power consumption

and adoption of green energy and re+engineering of operational process and

procedures with the principles of green energy are some important issues( which

should be e-amined for continuous improvement in the system and the issue related

to these concerns are worthy of future research

42



BIBLIOGRAPHY

httpJ//www confiabilidad net

httpJ//www performancebuilding org/performancebuilding php

Guide to Energy Management 'illiam , Nennedy( 'ayne C #urner *arney

Itzha% Maor and Chanin 3an)apornpon # 0gami 9eddy( :Calibrating detailed

building energy simulation programs with measured data++3art IJ general

methodology(

0rdeshir Mahdavi and Claus 3roglhof( :0 model+based approach to natural

ventilation(: Building and Environment

Energy efficiency of buildings R Calculation of the energy needs( delivered

energy and primary energy for heating( cooling( ventilation( domesticwater and

lighting

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