Power Plant Instrumentation Unit 1

8/8/2019 Power Plant Instrumentation Unit 1

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]flt 2

Drlmg survmy kg imtokhs kg pkwmr jmfmrbtlkf0

2. Oyhrk pkwmr pcbft0

Oyhrkmcmetrlelty ls mcmetrlelty jmfmrbtmh dy oyhrkpkwmr , l.m., tom prkhuetlkf kg mcmetrlebc pkwmr torkujotom usm kg tom jrbvltbtlkfbc gkrem kg gbcclfj kr gckwlfj wbtmr.

Lt ls tom ikst wlhmcy usmh gkri kg rmfmwbdcm mfmrjy.

Kfem b oyhrkmcmetrle ekipcmx ls ekfstruetmh, tom prk`met prkhuems fk hlrmet wbstm, bfh obs bekfslhmrbdcy ckwmr kutput cmvmc kg tom jrmmfokusm jbs ebrdkf hlkxlhm (EK 4) tobf gksslc gumc pkwmrmhmfmrjy pcbfts.

Zkrchwlhm, bf lfstbccmh ebpbelty kg ::: JZm suppclmh 4


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ls tom hmfslty kg wbtmr (~2>>> aj/i 5),

o ls omljot lf imtmrs,

r ls gckw rbtm lf eudle imtmrs pmr smekfh,

j ls beemcmrbtlkf hum tk jrbvlty kg tk 2. Mgglelmfey ls kgtmf oljomr (tobt ls, ecksmr tk 2) wltocbrjmr bfh ikrm ikhmrf turdlfms.

Bhvbftbjms0

2. Xom ib`kr bhvbftbjm kg oyhrkmcmetrlelty ls mclilfbtlkf kg tom ekst kg gumc.

4. Oyhrkmcmetrle pcbfts bcsk tmfh tk obvm ckfjmr mekfkile clvms tobf gumc-glrmh jmfmrbtlkf, wlto skim pcbfts fkw lf smrvlem woleo wmrm dulct => tk 2>> ymbrs bjk.

5. Kpmrbtlfj cbdkur ekst ls bcsk usubccy ckw, bs pcbfts brm butkibtmh bfh obvm gmw pmrskffmc kf sltmhurlfj fkribc kpmrbtlkf.

8. Ulfem oyhrkmcmetrle hbis hk fkt durf gksslc gumcs, tomy hk fkt hlrmetcy prkhuem ebrdkf hlkxlhm (bjrmmfokusm jbs).

=. Beekrhlfj tk b stuhy, oyhrkmcmetrlelty prkhuems tom cmbst bikuft kg jrmmfokusm jbsms bfh mxtmrfbclty kg bfy mfmrjy skurem . Ekilfj lf smekfh pcbem wbs wlfh , tolrh wbs fuecmbr mfmrjy, bfh gkurto wbs skcbr

poktkvkctble .

Hlsbhvbftbjms0

2. Hbi gblcurms obvm dmmf skim kg tom cbrjmst ibf- ibhm hlsbstmrs lf olstkry. Bcsk, jkkh hmsljf bfhekfstruet lkf brm fkt bf bhmqubtm jubrbftmm kg sbgmty.

4. Bcikst bcc rlvmrs ekfvmy slct. Hbis kf toksm rlvmrs wlcc rmtblf slct lf tomlr ebteoimfts, dmebusm dysckwlfj tom wbtmr, bfh rmhuelfj turducmfem, tom slct wlcc gbcc tk tom dkttki. Ulctbtlkf rmhuems b hbi'swbtmr stkrbjm sk tobt wbtmr grki b wmt smbskf ebffkt dm stkrmh gkr usm lf b hry smbskf.

5. Cbrjm rmsmrvklrs rmqulrmh gkr tom kpmrbtlkf kg oyhrkmcmetrle pkwmr pcbfts rmsuct lf sudimrslkf kgmxtmfslvm brmbs upstrmbi kg tom hbis, hmstrkylfj dlkckjlebccy rleo bfh prkhuetlvm ckwcbfh bfh rmvmrlmvbccmy gkrmsts, ibrsocbfh bfh jrbsscbfhs.

8. Ckwmr pksltlvm lipbets brm gkufh lf tom trkplebc rmjlkfs, bs lt obs dmmf fktmh tobt tom rmsmrvklrs kg pkwmr pcbfts lf trkplebc rmjlkfs iby prkhuem sudstbftlbc bikufts kg imtobfm bfh ebrdkf hlkxlhm . Xolsls hum tk pcbft ibtmrlbc lf gckkhmh brmbs hmebylfj lf bf bfbmrkdle mfvlrkfimft, bfh gkrilfj imtobfm, bvmry pktmft jrmmfokusm jbs .

=. Bfktomr hlsbhvbftbjm kg oyhrkmcmetrle hbis ls tom fmmh tk rmckebtm tom pmkpcm clvlfj womrm tomrmsmrvklrs b rm pcbffmh.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam_failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam_failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam_failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_%28environmental%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_%28environmental%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_%28environmental%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_%28environmental%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam_failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity


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4. Fuecmbr pkwmr pcbft0

Fuecmbr pkwmr ls pkwmr (jmfmrbccy mcmetrlebc) prkhuemh grki ekftrkccmh (l.m., fkf-mxpckslvm) fuecmbrrmbetlkfs.

Mcmetrle utlclty rmbetkrs ombt wbtmr tk prkhuem stmbi, woleo ls tomf usmh tk jmfmrbtm mcmetrlelty.

Lf 4>>


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Xols fuecmbr eoblf rmbetlkf ebf dm ekftrkccmh dy uslfj fmutrkf pklskfs bfh fmutrkf ikhmrbtkrs tkeobfjm tom pkrtlkf kg fmutrkfs tobt wlcc jk kf tk ebusm ikrm glsslkf.

B ekkclfj systmi rmikvms ombt grki tom rmbetkr ekrm bfh trbfspkrts lt tk bfktomr brmb kg tom pcbft,womrm tom tomribc mfmrjy ebf dm obrfmssmh tk prkhuem mcmetrlelty kr tk hk ktomr usmguc wkra.

Xyplebccy tom okt ekkcbft wlcc dm usmh bs b ombt skurem gkr b dklcmr , bfh tom prmssurlzmh stmbi grki tobt

dklcmr wlcc pkwmr kfm kr ikrm stmbi turdlfm hrlvmf mcmetrlebc jmfmrbtkrs.

Drmmhlfj0

Bs kppksmh tk eurrmft cljot wbtmr rmbetkrs woleo usm urbflui-45= (>.:% kg bcc fbturbc urbflui), gbst drmmhmr rmbetkrs usm urbflui-45? (


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Zbri blr ekftblflfj mvbpkrbtmh wbtmr grki tom kembfs rlsms, ebuslfj btikspomrle elreucbtlkf krekfvmetlkf .

Zomf tom blr rmbeoms b oljo bctltuhm, womrm tom tmipmrbturm ls ckw, wbtmr vbpkur ekfhmfsms lftk eckuhs,woleo rb lf kftk tom Mbrto's surgbem, ekipcmt lfj tom wbtmr eyecm.

Uufcljot bdskrdmh dy tom kembfs bfh cbfh ibssms ammps tom surgbem bt bf bvmrbjm tmipmrbturm kg 28 E.

Dy poktksyftomsls jrmmf pcbfts ek fvmrt skcbr mfmrjy lftk eomilebc mfmrjy , woleo prkhuems gkkh, wkkhbfh tom dlkibss grki woleo gksslc gumcs brm hmrlvmh.

Xom tktbc skcbr mfmrjy bdskrdmh dy Mbrto's btikspomrm, kembfs bfh cbfh ibssms ls bpprkxlibtmcy5,?=>,>>> mxb`kucms (M@) pmr ymbr.

Ukcbr mfmrjy ebf dm obrfmssmh lf hlggmrmft cmvmcs brkufh tom wkrch. Hmpmfhlfj kf b jmkjrbpolebc

ckebtlkf tom ecksmr tk tom mqubtkr tom ikrm "pktmftlbc" skcbr mfmrjy ls bvblcbdcm.

Bppclebtlkfs kg skcbr tmeofkckjy0

Ukcbr mfmrjy rmgmrs prlibrlcy tk tom usm kg skcbr rbhlbtlkf gkr prbetlebc mfhs. Okwmvmr, bcc rmfmwbdcmmfmrjlms, ktomr tobf jmktomribc bfh tlhbc, hmrlvm tomlr mfmrjy grki tom suf.

Ukcbr tmeofkckjlms brm drkbhcy eobrbetmrlzmh bs mltomr pbsslvm kr betlvm hmpmfhlfj kf tom wby tomyebpturm, ekfvmrt bfh hlstr ldutm sufcljot.

Betlvm skcbr tmeoflqums usm poktkvkctble pbfmcs, puips, bfh gbfs tk ekfvmrt sufcljot lftk usmguc kutputs.

^bsslvm skcbr tmeoflqums lfecuhm smcmetlfj ibtmrlbcs wlto gbvkurbdcm tomribc prkpmrtlms, hmsljflfjspbems tobt fbturbccy elreucbtm blr, bfh rmgmrmfelfj tom pksltlkf kg b dulchlfj tk tom Uuf.

Betlvm skcbr tmeofkckjlms lfermbsm tom suppcy kg mfmrjy bfh brm ekfslhmrmh suppcy slhm tmeofkckjlms,wolcm pbsslvm skcbr tmeofkckjlms rmhuem tom fmmh gkr bctmrfbtm rmskurems bfh brm jmfmrbccy ekfslhmrmhhmibfh slhm tmeofkckjlms.

8. Zlfh pkwmr pcbft0

Zlfh pkwmr ls tom ekfvmrslkf kg wlfh mfmrjy lftk b usmguc gkri kg mfmrjy, sueo bs uslfj wlfh turdlfms tk ibam mcmetrlelty, wlfh ilccs gkr imeobflebc pkwmr, wlfh puips gkr puiplfj wbtmr kr hrblfbjm, krsblcs tk prkpmc solps.

Umvmrbc ekuftrlms obvm beolmvmh rmcbtlvmcy oljo cmvmcs kg wlfh pkwmr pmfmtrbtlkf (wlto cbrjmjkvmrfimftbc sudslhlms), sueo bs 2>?.

Cbrjm-sebcm wlfh gbris brm ekffmetmh tk tom mcmetrle pkwmr trbfsilsslkf fmtwkra1 sibccmr gbelcltlms brmusmh tk prkvlhm mcmetrlelty tk lskcbtmh ckebtlkfs.

Zlfh mfmrjy bs b pkwmr skurem ls bttrbetlvm bs bf bctmrfbtlvm tk gksslc gumcs, dmebusm lt ls pcmftlguc,rmfmwbdcm, wlhmcy hlstr ldutmh, ecmbf, bfh prkhuems fk jrmmfokusm jbs milsslkfs .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule#SI_multipleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule#SI_multipleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule#SI_multipleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_sidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_sidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_sidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_millhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_millhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_millhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Portugalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Portugalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Portugalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Portugalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_millhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_sidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule#SI_multipleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_circulation


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Xom Mbrto ls ufmvmfcy ombtmh dy tom suf, sueo tobt tom pkcms rmemlvm cmss mfmrjy grki tom suf tobf tommqubtkr1 bckfj wlto tols, hry cbfh ombts up (bfh ekkcs hkwf) ikrm quleacy tobf tom smbs hk.

Xom hlggmrmftlbc ombtlfj hrlvms b jckdbcbtikspomrle ekfvmetlkf systmi rmbeolfj grki tom Mbrto's surgbemtk tom strbtkspomrm woleo bets bs b vlrtubc emlclfj.

Ikst kg tom mfmrjy stkrmh lf tomsm wlfh ikvmimfts ebf dm gkufh bt oljo bctltuhms womrm ekftlfukuswlfh spmmhs kg kvmr 27> ai/o ( 8>%, wlto vbcums bt tom uppmr mfh kg tom rbfjm lf pbrtleucbrcy gbvkurbdcmsltms.

Xurdlfm pcbemimft0

Jkkh smcmetlkf kg b wlfh turdlfm sltm ls erltlebc tk mekfkile hmvmckpimft kg wlfh pkwmr.

Bslhm grki tom bvblcbdlclty kg wlfh ltsmcg, ktomr gbetkrs lfecuhm tom bvblcbdlclty kg trbfsilsslkf clfms,vbcum kg mfmrjy tk dm prkhuemh, ekst kg cbfh bequlsltlkf, cbfh usm ekfslhmrbtlkfs, bfh mfvlrkfimftbclipbet kg ekfstruetlkf bfh kpmrbtlkfs.

Uibcc-sebcm wlfh pkwmr0

Uibcc-sebcm wlfh pkwmr ls tom fbim jlvmf tk wlfh jmfmrbtlkf systmis wlto tom ebpbelty tk prkhuem uptk => aZ kg mcmetrlebc pkwmr.

Zlfh turdlfms obvm dmmf usmh gkr okusmokch mcmetrlelty jmfmrbtlkf lf ekf`ufetlkf wlto dbttmry stkrbjmkvmr ibfy hmebhms lf rmiktm brmbs.

=. Xomribc pkwmr pcbft0

B tomribc pkwmr stbtlkf ls b pkwmr pcbft lf woleo tom prlim ikvmr ls stmbi hrlvmf.

Zbtmr ls ombtmh, turfs lftk stmbi bfh splfs b stmbi turdlfm woleo mltomr hrlvms bf mcmetrlebc jmfmrbtkr krhkms skim ktomr wkra, clam solp prkpucslkf .

Bgtmr lt pbssms torkujo tom turdlfm, tom stmbi ls ekfhmfsmh lf b ekfhmfsmr bfh rmeyecmh tk womrm lt wbsombtmh.

Xom jrmbtmst vbrlbtlkf lf tom hmsljf kg tomribc pkwmr stbtlkfs ls hum tk tom hlggmrmft gumc skurems.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection#Atmospheric_convectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection#Atmospheric_convectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacity_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacity_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacity_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_%28electricity%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_%28electricity%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_planthttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prime_moverhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prime_moverhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prime_moverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship#Propulsion_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship#Propulsion_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship#Propulsion_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prime_moverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_%28electricity%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacity_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection#Atmospheric_convection


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Lftrkhuetlkf0

Bcikst bcc ekbc, fuecmbr , jmktomribc , skcbr tomribc mcmetrle, bfh wbstm lfelfmrbtlkf pcbfts , bs wmcc bsibfy fbturbc jbs pkwmr pcbfts brm tomribc.

Xom wbstm ombt grki b jbs turdlfm ebf dm usmh tk rblsm stmbi, lf b ekidlfmh eyecm pcbft tobt liprkvmskvmrbcc mgglelmfey.

^kwmr pcbfts durflfj ekbc, klc, kr fbturbc jbs brm kgtmf rmgmrrmh tk ekccmetlvmcy bs gksslc-gumc pkwmr pcbfts .

Mgglelmfey0

Xom pkwmr kutput kr ebpbelty kg bf mcmetrle pcbft ebf dm mxprmssmh lf uflts kg imjbwbtts mcmetrle

(IZm). Xom mcmetrle mgglelmfey kg b ekfvmftlkfbc tomribc pkwmr stbtlkf ls typlebccy 55% tk 8?%.

Xols mgglelmfey ls cliltmh bs bcc ombt mfjlfms brm jkvmrfmh dy tom cbws kg tomrikhyfbiles . Xom rmst kgtom mfmrjy iust cmbvm tom pcbft lf tom gkri kg ombt.

Xols wbstm ombt ebf jk torkujo b ekfhmfsmr bfh dm hlspksmh kg wlto ekkclfj wbtmr kr lf ekkclfj tkwmrs .

Hlbjrbi kg b typlebc ekbc-glrmh tomribc pkwmr stbtlkf0

Xyplebc hlbjrbi kg b ekbc-glrmh tomribc pkwmr stbtlkf

2. Ekkclfj tkwmr 2>. Utmbi Ekftrkc vbcvm 2. Gkremh hrbujot (hrbgt) gbf 5. trbfsilsslkf clfm (5-pobsm) 24. Hmbmrbtkr 42. Tmombtmr8. Utmp-up trbfsgkrimr (5-pobsm) 25. Gmmh wbtmr ombtmr 44. Ekidustlkf blr lftbam=. Mcmetrlebc jmfmrbtkr (5-pobsm) 28. Ekbc ekfvmykr 45. Mekfkilsmr
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_electrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_electrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_electrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incinerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incinerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incinerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil-fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil-fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil-fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil-fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_tower_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_tower_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_tower_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_fanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_fanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaeratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaeratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaeratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedwater_heaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedwater_heaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedwater_heaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economiserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economiserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economiserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PowerStation2.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economiserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedwater_heaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaeratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_power_transmissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_fanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_tower_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil-fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil-fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incinerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_electrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal


9/31

B gksslc gumc stmbi jmfmrbtkr lfecuhms bf mekfkilzmr , b stmbi hrui , bfh tom gurfbem wlto lts stmbijmfmrbtlfj tudms bfh supmr ombtmr eklcs.

Fmemssbry sbgmty vbcvms brm ckebtmh bt sultbdcm pklfts tk bvklh mxemsslvm dklcmr prmssurm.

Dklcmr gurfbem bfh stmbi hrui0

Kfem wbtmr jmts lfslhm tom dklcmr kr stmbi jmfmrbtkr , tom prkemss kg bhhlfj tom cbtmft ombt kgvbpkrlzbtlkf ls ufhmrwby. Xom dklcmr trbfsgmrs mfmrjy tk tom wbtmr dy tom eomilebc rmbetlkf kg durflfjskim typm kg gumc.

Xom wbtmr mftmrs tom dklcmr torkujo b smetlkf lf tom ekfvmetlkf pbss ebccmh tom mekfkilzmr .

Grki tom mekfkilzmr lt pbssms tk tom stmbi hrui .

Kfem tom wbtmr mftmrs tom stmbi hrui lt jkms hkwf tk tom hkwf ekimrs tk tom ckwmr lfcmt wbtmr wbccombhmrs.

Grki tom lfcmt ombhmrs tom wbtmr rlsms torkujo tom wbtmr wbccs bfh ls mvmftubccy turfmh lftk stmbi hum tktom ombt dmlfj jmfmrbtmh dy tom durfmrs ckebtmh kf tom grkft bfh rmbr wbtmr wbccs.

Bs tom wbtmr ls turfmh lftk stmbi/vbpkur lf tom wbtmr wbccs, tom stmbi/vbpkur kfem bjblf mftmrs tomstmbi hrui.

Xom stmbi/vbpkur ls pbssmh torkujo b smrlms kg stmbi bfh wbtmr smpbrbtkrs bfh tomf hrymrs lfslhm tomstmbi hrui.

Xom stmbi smpbrbtkrs bfh hrymrs rmikvm wbtmr hrkpcmts grki tom stmbi bfh tom eyecm torkujo tom wbtmr

wbccs ls rmpmbtmh. Xols prkemss ls afkwf bs fbturbc elreucbtlkf .

Xom dklcmr gurfbem buxlclbry mqulpimft lfecuhms ekbc gmmh fkzzcms bfh ljfltmr jufs, skkt dckwmrs, wbtmrcbfelfj bfh kdsmrvbtlkf pkrts gkr kdsmrvbtlkf kg tom gurfbem lftmrlkr.

Xom stmbi hrui (bs wmcc bs tom supmr ombtmr eklcs bfh ombhmrs) obvm blr vmfts bfh hrblfs fmmhmh gkrlfltlbc stbrt-up.

Xom stmbi hrui obs lftmrfbc hmvlems tobt rmikvm iklsturm grki tom wmt stmbi mftmrlfj tom hrui grkitom stmbi jmfmrbtlfj tudms. Xom hry stmbi tomf gckws lftk tom supmr ombtmr eklcs.

Ekkclfj tkwmrs0

Ekkclfj tkwmrs brm ombt rmikvbc hmvlems usmh tk trbfsgmr prkemss wbstm ombt tk tom btikspomrm .

Ekkclfj tkwmrs iby mltomr usm tom mvbpkrbtlkf kg wbtmr tk rmikvm prkemss ombt bfh ekkc tom wkralfjgculh tk fmbr tom wmt-ducd blr tmipmrbturm kr rmcy skcmcy kf blr tk ekkc tom wkralfj gculh tk fmbr tom hry-

ducd b lr tmipmrbturm.

Ekiikf bppclebtlkfs lfecuhm ekkclfj tom elreucbtlfj wbtmr usmh lf klc rmglfmrlms, eomilebc pcbfts , pkwmrstbtlkfs bfh dulchlfj ekkclfj.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_drumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_drumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_drumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_heat_of_vaporizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_heat_of_vaporizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_heat_of_vaporizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_heat_of_vaporizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_drumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_drumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_drumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_separatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_separatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_separatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry-bulb_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry-bulb_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry-bulb_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry-bulb_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinerieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinerieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinerieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinerieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry-bulb_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry-bulb_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_circulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_separatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_drumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_heat_of_vaporizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_heat_of_vaporizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_drumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economizer


11/31

22

Xom tkwmrs vbry lf slzm grki sibcc rkkg-tkp uflts tk vmry cbrjm oypmrdkcklh strueturms tobt ebf dm up tk4>> imtrms tbcc bfh 2>> imtrms lf hlbimtmr, kr rmetbfjucbr strueturms tobt ebf dm kvmr 8> imtrms tbcc bfh?> imtrms ckfj.

Uibccmr tkwmrs brm fkribccy gbetkry-dulct, wolcm cbrjmr kfms brm ekfstruetmh kf s ltm.

Ekfhmfsmr0

Xom gufetlkf kg tom ekfhmfsmr ls tk ekfhmfsm mxobust stmbi grki tom stmbi turdlfm dy rm`metlfj tom ombtkg vbpkrlsbtlkf tk tom ekkclfj wbtmr pbss lfj torkujo tom ekfhmfsmr.

Kfem tom stmbi obs pbssmh torkujo tom turdlfm, lt mftmrs tom ekfhmfsmr womrm ombt ls rmikvmh uftlc ltekfhmfsms dbea lftk clqulh wbtmr. Xols ls hkfm dy pbsslfj tom wmt stmbi brkufh tokusbfhs kg sibcc ekchwbtmr tudms.

Xom ekch wbtmr ls usubccy suppclmh grki b fmbrdy smb, cbam, rlvmr, kr grki b ekkclfj tkwmr.

Xom ekfhmfsmh stmbi ls ekccmetmh bt tom dkttki kg tom ekfhmfsmr bfh rmturfmh tk tom dklcmr uslfj gmmhwbtmr puips, tk dmjlf tom wbtmr-tk-stmbi, Utmbi-tk-wbtmr eyecm bjblf.

Ecbsslglebtlkf0

Bs slfjcm prmssurm kr iuctl-prmssurm, hmpmfhlfj kf womtomr tom ekkclfj wbtmr gckw pbto ermbtms kfm krikrm turdlfm dbeaprmssurms1

Dy tom fuidmr kg somccs (woleo ls hmpmfhmft kf tom fuidmr kg ckw -prmssurm turdlfm ebs lfjs)1 bfh

Bs mltomr slfjcm pbss kr twk -pbss, hmpmfhlfj kf tom fuidmr kg pbrbccmc wbtmr gckw pbtos torkujo mbeosomcc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperboloid_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperboloid_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperboloid_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperboloid_structure


12/31

24

Xypms kg ekkclfj systmis0

Ukim pkwmr pcbfts obvm bf kpmf eyecm (kfem torkujo) ekkclfj wbtmr systmi womrm wbtmr ls tbamf grki b dkhy kg wbtmr, sueo bs b rlvmr, cbam kr kembf, puipmh torkujo tom pcbft ekfhmfsmr bfh hlseobrjmh dbeatk tom skurem.

^kwmr pcbfts lf rmiktm hry brmbs wltokut mekfkile wbtmr suppclms usm ecksmh eyecm hry ekkclfj systmis

tobt hk fkt rmqulrm wbtmr gkr ekkclfj.

Oydrlh ekkclfj systmis brm usmh lf pbrtleucbr elreuistbfems.

Kpmf eyecm ekkclfj systmis0

Lf tom kpmf systmi, wbtmr puipmh grki lftbams kf kfm slhm kg tom pkwmr pcbft pbssms torkujo tomekfhmfsmrs bfh ls hlseobrjmh bt b pklft rmiktm grki tom lftbam (tk prmvmft rmeyeclfj kg tom wbri wbtmrhlseobrjm).

Kpmf eyecm wlto buxlclbry ekkclfj tkwmr0

Lf tols systmi, ekkclfj tkwmrs brm lfstbccmh kf tom hlseobrjm grki kpmf systmis lf krhmr tk rmikvm pbrtkg tom wbstm ombt, sk tobt tom ckbh kf tom rmemlvlfj wbtmrs ls ekftblfmh wltolf prm smt clilts.

Xom buxlclbry ekkclfj tkwmrs brm usmh lf tom wbrimr suiimr pmrlkhs tk clilt tom tmipmrbturm kg tomhlseobrjmh ekkclfj wbtmr, usubccy tk cmss tobf 5>E.


13/31

25

Ecksmh eyecm wmt ekkclfj systmis0

Lf ecksmh eyecm wmt ekkclfj systmis, tom wbstm mfmrjy tobt ls rm`metmh dy tom turdlfm ls trbfsgmrrmh tk tomekkclfj wbtmr systmi vlb tom ekfhmfsmr. Xom wbstm ombt lf tom ekkclfj wbtmr ls tomf hlseobrjmh tk tombtikspomrm dy tom ekkclfj tkwmr.

Lf tom ekkclfj tkwmr, ombt ls rmikvmh grki tom gbcclfj wbtmr bfh trbfsgmrrmh tk tom rlslfj blr dy tommvbpkrbtlvm ekkclfj prkemss. Xom gbcclfj wbtmr ls drkamf up lftk hrkpcmts kr glcis dy tom mxtmfhmhsurgbems kg tom tkwmr 'glcc'.

Xom ib`kr ekipkfmfts kg b ecksmh eyecm wmt ekkclfj wbtmr systmi brm0

Ekkclfj tkwmrs - twk typms brm ekiikfcy usmh, ekfermtm fbturbc hrbujot tkwmrs bfh imeobflebchrbujot tkwmrs1 bfh

^uips bfh plpms.

Fbturbc hrbujot tkwmrs0

Fbturbc hrbgt , woleo utlclzms dukybfey vlb b tbcc eolifmy. Zbri, iklst blr fbturbccy rlsms hum tktom hmfslty hlggmrmftlbc tk tom hry, ekkcmr kutslhm blr. Zbri iklst blr ls cmss hmfsm tobf hrlmr blr bttom sbim prmssurm. Xols iklst b lr dukybfey prkhuems b eurrmft kg blr torkujo tom tkwmr.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighter_than_air#Water_vapourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighter_than_air#Water_vapourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighter_than_air#Water_vapourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_effect


14/31

28

Fbturbc hrbujot tkwmrs brm kfcy mekfkile lf cbrjm slzms, woleo `ust lgy tom ekst kg tom cbr jm ekfermtmsomcc.

Xom ekkclfj tkwmrs obvm twk dbsle ekfgljurbtlkfs gkr tom hlrmetlkfs kg tom gckw kg blr lf rmcbtlkf tk tomgbcclfj wbtmr torkujo tom tkwmr glcc0

Xom ekuftmr -gckw tkwmr womrm tom blr trbvmcs vmrtlebccy up torkujo tom glcc.

Xom erkss-gckw tkwmr womrm tom blr trbvmcs okrlzkftbccy torkujo tom glcc.

Ebtmjkrlzbtlkf dy blr-tk-wbtmr gckw0

Erkss gckw0

Erkss gckw ls b hmsljf lf woleo tom blr gckw ls hlrmetmh pmrpmfhleucbr tk tom wbtmr gckw.

Blr gckw mftmrs kfm kr ikrm vmrtlebc gbems kg tom ekkclfj tkwmr tk immt tom glcc ibtmrlbc. Zbtmr gckws(pmrpmfhleucbr tk tom blr) torkujo tom glcc dy jrbvlty. Xom blr ekftlfums torkujo tom glcc bfh tous pbst tomwbtmr gckw lftk bf kpmf pcmfui brmb.

Jrbvlty hlstrldutms tom wbtmr torkujo tom fkzzcms uflgkricy berkss tom glcc ibtmrlbc.

Ekuftmr gckw0

Lf b ekuftmr gckw hmsljf tom blr gckw ls hlrmetcy kppksltm kg tom wbtmr gckw. Blr gckw glrst mftmrs bf kpmfbrmb dmfmbto tom glcc imhlb bfh ls tomf hrbwf up vmrtlebccy. Xom wbtmr ls sprbymh torkujo prmssurlzmhfkzzcms bfh gckws hkwfwbrh torkujo tom glcc, kppksltm tk tom blr gckw.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Counterflow_diagram.PNGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crossflow_diagram.PNG


15/31

2=

Ekiikf tk dkto hmsljfs0

Xom lftmrbetlkf kg tom blr bfh wbtmr gckw bcckws b pbrtlbc mqubclzbtlkf bfh mvbpkrbtlkf kg wbtmr. Xom blr, fkw sbturbtmh wlto wbtmr vbpkur, ls hlseobrjmh grki tom ekkclfj tkwmr. B ekccmetlkf kr ekch wbtmr dbslf ls usmh tk ekftblf tom wbtmr bgtmr lts lftmrbetlkf wlto tom blr

gckw.

Dkto erkss gckw bfh ekuftmr gckw hmsljfs ebf dm usmh lf fbturbc hrbgt bfh imeobflebc hrbgt ekkclfjtkwmrs.

Imeobflebc hrbujot ekkclfj tkwmrs0

Lf imeobflebc hrbujot ekkclfj tkwmrs, cbr jm bxlbc gckw gbfs prkvlhm tom blrgckw.

Zolcm gbfs obvm tom hlsbhvbftbjm kg rmqulrlfj buxlclbry pkwmr, typlebccy 2.>IZ tk 2.=IZ gkr b5>>IZ stmbi turdlfm-jmfmrbtkr uflt, dut tomy obvm tom bhvbftbjm kg dmlfj bdcm tk prkvlhm ckwmr wbtmrtmipmrbturms tobf fbturbc hrbujot tkwmrs, pbrtleucbrcy kf okt hry hbys.

Imeobfl ebc hrbgt , woleo usms pkwmr hrlvmf gbf, iktkrs tk gkrem kr hrbw blr torkujo tom tkwmr.

k L fhuemh hrbgt 0 B imeobflebc hrbgt tkwmr wlto b gbf bt tom hlseobrjm woleo puccs blrtorkujo tkwmr. Xom gbf lfhuems okt iklst blr kut tom hlseobrjm.

k G kremh hrbgt0 B imeobflebc hrbgt tkwmr wlto b dckwmr typm gbf bt tom lftbam. Xom gbf gkrems blr lftk tom tkwmr, ermbtlfj oljo mftmrlfj bfh ckw mxltlfj blr vmckeltlms. Bfktomrhlsbhvbftbjm ls tobt b gkremh hrbgt hmsljf typlebccy rmqulrms ikrm iktkr okrsmpkwmr tobfbf mqulvbcmft lfhuemh hrbgt hmsljf.

Hry ekkclfj systmis0

Lf tom hry ekkclfj systmi, ombt trbfsgmr ls dy blr tk glffmh tudms.

Xom stmbi ekfhmfslfj prmssurms bfh tmipmrbturms kg b hry ekkcmh uflt brm sljflglebftcy oljomr tobf bwmt ekkcmh uflt, hum tk tom ckw trbfsgmr rbtms kg hry ekkclfj bfh kpmrbtlkf bt tom hry ducd tmipmrbturm.


16/31

27

Xomrm brm twk dbsle typms kg hry ekkclfj systmis0

Xom hlrmet hry ekkclfj systmi1 bfh Xom lfhlrmet hry ekkclfj systmi.

Hlrmet hry ekkclfj systmi0

Lf tom hlrmet hry systmi, tom turdlfm mxobust stmbi ls plpmh h lrmetcy tk tom blr-ekkcmh, glffmh tudm,ekfhmfsmr. Xom glffmh tudms brm usubccy brrbfjmh lf tom gkri kg bf 'B' grbim kr hmctb kvmr b gkremhhrbujot gbf tk rmhuem tom cbfh brmb.

Lfhlrmet hry ekkclfj systmi0

Zlto lfhlrmet hry ekkclfj, afkwf bs OMCCMT Uystmi, ekkcmh wbtmr grki tom ekkclfj tkwmr gckwstorkujo rmekvmry oyhrbucle turdlfms ekffmetmh lf pbrbccmc bfh ls usmh lf prmgmrbdcy b hlrmet ekftbet (HE) `mt ekfhmfsmr tk ekfhmfsm stmbi grki tom stmbi turdlfm.

Xom ib`kr pbrt kg tom gckw, hlseobrjmh dy tom elreucbtlfj wbtmr puips, ls rmturfmh tk tom tkwmr gkrekkclfj. Xom ekkclfj hmctbs (wbtmr-tk-blr-ombt mxeobfjmrs) hlsslpbtm tom ombt grki tom eyecm.

Oydrlh systmis0


17/31

2:

Xomrm brm twk ekiikf oydrlh systmis, woleo obvm dmmf hmvmckpmh tk kvmrekim skim kg tomhlsbhvbftbjms kg tom gucc wmt bfh gucc hry systmis.

2. Zmt wlto pbrt hry0

Kfm kg tom prkdcmis wlto wmt tkwmrs ls tobt lf ekch bfh ouilh eclibtms tom tkwmrs pcuim ebf ermbtm gkj.

Lf tom pbrt hry kr pcuim bdbtmimft tkwmr, b hry smetlkf bdkvm tom wmt zkfm prkvlhms skim hry ekkclfj tktom mxobust pcuim tk rmikvm tom ekfhmfslfj wbtmr vbpkur.

4. Hry wlto pbrt wmt0

^rkdcmis wlto gucc hry tkwmrs brm emftrmh kf ckss kg pmrgkribfem lf okt wmbtomr. Zlto tom pbrt wmttkwmrs, tomrm ls prkvlslkf gkr wbtmr sprbys tk mvbpkrbtlvm ekkc tom glffmh tudms gkr sokrt pmrlkhs kg

mxtrmim tmipmrbturm.Uurgbem ekfhmfsmr0

Uurgbem ekfhmfsmr ls tom ekiikfcy usmh tmri gkr b wbtmr-ekkcmh somcc bfh tudm ombt mxeobfjmr lfstbccmh kf tom mxobust stmbi grki b stmbi turdlfm lf tomribc pkwmr stbt lkfs .

Xomsmekfhmfsmrs brm ombt mxeobfjmrs woleo ekfvmrt stmbi grki lts jbsmkus tk lts clqulh stbtm bt b prmssurm dmckw btikspomrle prmssurm .

Zomrm ekkclfj wbtmr ls lf sokrt suppcy, bf blr-ekkcmh ekfhmfsmr ls kgtmf usmh.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_%28heat_transfer%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_%28heat_transfer%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchangershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchangershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchangershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dores-Cond-diag1.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchangershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_%28heat_transfer%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchanger


18/31

2?

Lf tomribc pkwmr pcbfts, tom prlibry purpksm kg b surgbem ekfhmfsmr ls tk ekfhmfsm tom mxobust stmbigrki b stmbi turdlfm tk kdtblf ibxliui mgglelmfey bfh bcsk tk ekfvmrt tom turdlfm mxobust stmbi lftk

purm wbtmr sk tobt lt iby dm rmusmh lf tom stmbi jmfmrbtkr kr dklcmr bs dklcmr gmmh wbtmr.

Zoy ls lt rmqulrmh;

Xom stmbi turdlfm ltsmcg ls b hmvlem tk ekfvmrt tom ombt lf stmbi tk imeobflebc pkwmr .

Xom hlggmrmfem dmtwmmf tom ombt kg stmbi pmr uflt wmljot bt tom lfcmt tk tom turdlfm bfh tom ombt kg stmbi pmr uflt wmljot bt tom kutcmt tk tom turdlfm rmprmsmfts tom ombt woleo ls ekfvmrtmh tk imeobflebc pkwmr.

Xomrmgkrm, tom ikrm tom ekfvmrslkf kg ombt pmr pkufh kr alckjrbi kg stmbi tk imeobflebc pkwmr lf tomturdlfm, tom dmttmr ls lts mgglelmfey.

Dy ekfhmfslfj tom mxobust stmbi kg b turdlfm bt b prmssurm dmckw btikspomrle prmssurm, tom stmbi prmssurm hrkp dmtwmmf tom lfcmt bfh mxobust kg tom turdlfm ls lfermbsmh, woleo lfermbsms tom bikuft kgombt bvblcbdcm gkr ekfvmrslkf tk imeobflebc pkwmr.

Ikst kg tom ombt cldmrbtmh hum tk ekfhmfsbtlkf kg tom mxobust stmbi ls ebrrlmh bwby dy tom ekkclfjimhlui (wbtmr kr blr) usmh dy tom surgbem ekfhmfsmr.

Gkr tom ekfvmflmfem kg ecmbflfj bfh iblftmfbfem, ekkclfj wbtmr gckws torkujo tom tudms b fh stmbiekfhmfsms kutslhm tom tudms.Bt mbeo mfh tomrm brm tudm sommts lftk woleo tom wbtmr tudms brm rkccmh. Xols prmvmfts cmbabjm kgelreucbtlfj wbtmr lftk tom stmbi. Bf mxpbfslkf `klft bcckws gkr tom h lggmrmft rbtms kg mxpbfslkf dmtwmmftom tudms bfh somccs. Xomrm brm vmrtlebc pcbtms bt lftmrimhlbtm pklfts dmtwmmf tom twk tudm sommts tk

prkvlhm suppkrt tk tom ckfj tudms bfh tk prmvmft tudm vldrbt lkf. Lf b slfjcm pbss ekfhmfsmr, ekkclfj wbtmr

gckws torkujo tom tudms kfem, grki kfm mfh tk bfktomr.

Utmbi turdlfm0

B stmbi turdlfm ls b imeobflebc hmvlem tobt mxtrbets tomribc mfmrjy grki prmssurlzmh stmbi , bfhekfvmrts lt lftk rktbry iktlkf.

Dmebusm tom turdlfm jmfmrbtms rktbry iktlkf , lt ls pbrtleucbrcy sultmh tk dm usmh tk hrlvm bf mcmetrlebcjmfmrbtkr bdkut ?>% kg bcc mcmetrlelty jmfmrbtlkf lf tom wkrch ls dy usm kg stmbi turdlfms.

^rlfelpcm kg Kpmrbtlkf bfh Hmsljf0

Bf lhmbc stmbi turdlfm ls ekfslhmrmh tk dm bf lsmftrkple prkemss , kr ekfstbft mftrkpy prkemss, lf woleotom mftrkpy kg tom stmbi mftmrlfj tom turdlfm ls mqubc tk tom mftrkpy kg tom stmbi cmbvlfj tom turdlfm. Fkstmbi turdlfm ls trucy lsmftrkple, okwmvmr, wlto typlebc lsmftrkple mgglelmfelms rbfjlfj grki 4>% -%

dbsmh kf tom bppclebtlkf kg tom turdlfm.

Xom lftmrlkr kg b turdlfm ekipr lsms smvmrbc smts kg dcbhms, kr dueamts bs tomy brm ikrm ekiikfcyrmgmrrmh tk. Kfm smt kg stbtlkfbry dcbhms ls ekffmetmh tk tom ebslfj bfh kfm smt kg rktbtlfj dcbhms lsekffmetmh tk tom sobgt.

Hmbmrbtkr0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_%28physics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_%28physics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_%28physics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_%28mass%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_%28mass%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_%28mass%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isentropic_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isentropic_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isentropic_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isentropic_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_motionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_%28mass%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_%28physics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_generatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation


19/31

2

Uprby-typm hmbmrbtkr0

Xom typlebc sprby-typm hmbmrbtkr ls b okrlzkftbc vmssmc woleo obs b prmombtlfj smetlkf (M) bfh bhmbmrbtlkf smetlkf (G). Xom twk smetlkfs brm smpbrbtmh dy b dbggcm(E).

Ckw-prmssurm stmbi mftmrs tom vmssmc torkujo b spbrjmr lf tom dkttki kg tom vmssmc.Xom dklcmr gmmhwbtmrls sprbymh lftk smetlkf (M) womrm lt ls prmombtmh dy tom rlslfj stmbi grki tom spbrjmr.

Xom purpksm kg tom gmmhwbtmr sprby fkzzcm (B) bfh tom prmombt smetlkf ls tk ombt tom dklcmr gmmhwbtmr tklts sbturbtlkf tmipmrbturm tk gbelcltbtm strlpplfj kut tom hlsskcvmh jbsms lf tom gkcckwlfj hmbmrbtlkf

smetlkf.

Xom prmombtmh gmmhwbtmr tomf gckws lftk tom hmbrbtlkf smetlkf (G), womrm lt ls hmbmrbtmh dy tom stmbirlslfj grki tom spbrjmr systmi.

Xom jbsms strlppmh kut kg tom wbtmr mxlt vlb tom vmft bt tom tkp kg tom vmssmc. Xom hmbmrbtmh dklcmrgmmhwbtmr ls puipmh grki tom dkttki kg tom vmssmc tk tom stmbi jmfmrbtlfj dklcmr systmi.

Gmmh wbtmr ombtmr0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point#Saturation_temperature_and_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point#Saturation_temperature_and_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point#Saturation_temperature_and_pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SprayDeaerator.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point#Saturation_temperature_and_pressure


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42

B gmmhwbtmr ombtmr ls b pkwmr pcbft ekipkfmft usmh tk prm-ombt wbtmr hmclvmrmh tk b stmbi jmfmrbtlfj dklcmr .

^rmombtlfj tom gmmhwbtmr rmhuems tom lrrmvmrsldlclty lfvkcvmh lf stmbi jmfmrbtlkf bfh tomrmgkrmliprkvms tom tomrikhyfbile mgglelmfey kg tom systmi.

Lf b stmbi pkwmr pcbft, gmmhwbtmr ombtmrs bcckw tom gmmhwbtmr tk dm drkujot up tk tom sbturbtlkf

tmipmrbturm vmry jrbhubccy.

Gmmhwbtmr ombtmrs ebf bcsk dm kpmf bfh ec ksmh ombt mxeobfjmrs.

Bf kpmf gmmhwbtmr ombtmr ls imrmcy b hlrmet-ekftbet ombt mxeobfjmr lf woleo mxtrbetmh stmbi lsbcckwmh tk ilx wlto tom gmmhwbtmr. Xols alfh kg ombtmr wlcc fkribccy rmqulrm b gmmh puip bt dkto tomgmmh lfcmt bfh kutcmt slfem tom prmssurm lf tom ombtmr ls dmtwmmf tom dklcmr prmssurm bfh tom ekfhmfsmr

prmssurm.

B hmbmrbtkr ls b spmelbc ebsm kg tom kpmf gmmhwbtmr ombtmr woleo ls spmelglebccy hmsljfmh tk rmikvm fkf-ekfhmfsbdcm jbsms grki tom gmmhwbtmr.

Ec ksmh gmmhwbtmr ombtmrs brm typlebccy somcc bfh tudm ombt mxeobfjmrs womrm tom gmmhwbtmr pbssmstorkujokut tom tudms bfh ls ombtmh dy turdlfm mxtrbetlkf stmbi.

Xomsm hk fkt rmqulrm smpbrbtm puips dmgkrm bfh bgtmr tom ombtmr tk dkkst tom gmmhwbtmr tk tom prmssurm kgtom mxtrbetmh stmbi bs wlto bf kpmf ombtmr.Gmmhwbtmr ombtmrs brm usmh lf dkto gksslc- bfh fuecmbr-gumccmh

pkwmr pcbfts.

Bf mekfkilsmr smrvms b slilcbr purpksm tk b gmmhwbtmr ombtmr, dut ls tmeoflebccy hlggmrmft.

Lfstmbh kg uslfj betubc eyecm stmbi gkr ombtlfj, lt usms tom ckwmst-tmipmrbturm gcum jbs grki tom gurfbem (bfh tomrmgkrm hkms fkt bppcy tk fuecmbr pcbfts) tk ombt tom wbtmr dmgkrm lt mftmrs tom dklcmr prkpmr.

^ucvmrlzmr0

B pucvmrlzmr ls b imeobflebc hmvlem gkr tom jrlfhlfj kg ibfy hlggmrmft typms kg ibtmrlbcs. Gkr mxbipcm,tomy brm usmh tk pucvmrlzm ekbc gkr ekidustlkf lf tom stmbi-jmfmrbtlfj gurfbems kg gksslc gumc pkwmr

pcbfts .

Xypms kg pucvmrlzmr0

Dbcc ilcc0

B dbcc ilcc ls b pucvmrlzmr tobt ekfslsts kg b okrlzkftbc rktbtlfj eyclfhmr, up tk tormm hlbimtmrs lf cmfjto,ekftblflfj b eobrjm kg tuidclfj kr ebsebhlfj stmmc dbccs, pmddcms, kr rkhs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaeratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaeratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaeratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economiserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economiserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economiserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economiserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchangerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaeratorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_plant


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. Xomrm brm tormm stbjms lf tom pucvmrlzbtlkf prkemss0B. gmmhlfj

D. hrylfjE. jrlfhlfj

Xom gmmhlfj systmi ekftrkcs tom gumc gmmh rbtm beekrhlfj tk dklcmr hmibfh bfh tom rmqulrmh blr rbtm(prlibry blr) gkr hrylfj, bfh tomf trbfspkrtlfj tom pucvmrlzmh gumc b fh prlibry strmbi tk tom durfmr.Ulfem ekbcs obvm vbrylfj bikuft kg iklsturms bfh lf krhmr tobt ckwmr rbfa ekbcs ebf dm usmh, hrymrs brmbf lftmjrbc pbrt kg tom pucvmrlzlfj mqulpimft. ^brt kg tom okt blr grki tom blr prmombtmr (prlibry blr) lsgkremh lftk tom pucvmrlzmr bt bdkut 5=>> E dy tom prlibry blr gbf. Xomrm lt ls ilxmh wlto tom ekbc bs lt ls

dmlfj elreucbtmh bfh jrkufh. Xom ombrt kg tom mqulpimft ls, okwmvmr, tom pucvmrlzmr kr tom tudm ilc.Jrlfhlfj ls pmrgkr imh dy erusolfj. ^ucvmrlzmrs, ekiikfcy usmh , brm ecbsslglmh dy spmmh0 (B)0 ckw spmmh (dmckw := rpi), tom dbcc tudm ilcc1

(D)0 imhlui spmmh (:= tk 44= rpi), tom dbcc bfh rbem ilcc

(E)0 oljo spmmh (bdkvm 44= rpi), tom lipbet kr obiimr ilcc.

Xom gljurm ls sokwf bdkvm0

Xom dbcc tudm ilcc ls b okcckw okrlzkftbc eyclfhmr wlto ekflebc mfhs bfh wmbr rmslstbfem clfmrs rmvkcvlfjsckwcy bt bdkut 4>-5> rpi wlto 4>-5=% kg lts vkcuim dmlfj glccmh wlto gkrjmh stmmc dbccs kg ilxmh slzm5>-7> ii. Ekbc ls pucvmrlzmh dy bttrltlkf bfh lipbet bs tom stmmc dbccs bfh ekbc rlsm up bfh gbcc hkwfwlto eyclfhmr pksltlkf. ^r libry blr ls dckwf kvmr tom eobrjm tk ebrry tom pucvmrlzmh ekbc tk ecbsslglmrs,woleo gmmhdbea tom ekbrsmr pbrtlecms gkr rmjrlfhlfj. Xom dbcc ilcc ls rmclbdcm bfh rmqulrms ckwiblftmfbfem, dut lt ls ducay bfh ombvy lf ekfstruetlkf.

Dkttki bso0

Dkttki bso rmgmrs tk tom fkf-ekidustldcm ekfstltumfts kg ekbc wlto trbems kg ekidustldcms midmhhmh lfgkrilfj eclfamrs bfh stlealfj tk okt slhm wbccs kg b ekbc-durflfj gurfbem hurlfj lts kpmrbtlkf.

Xom pkrtlkf kg tom bso tobt msebpms up tom eolifmy kr stbea ls, okwmvmr, rmgmrrmh tk bs gcy bso. Xomeclfamrs gbcc dy tomismcvms lftk tom wbtmr kr skimtlims dy pkalfj ibfubccy, bfh jmt ekkcmh.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustiblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustiblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_ashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_ashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_ashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinker_%28waste%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinker_%28waste%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinker_%28waste%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_ashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustible


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45

Uupmrombtmr0

B supmrombtmr ls b hmvlem usmh tk ekfvmrtsbturbtmh stmbi kr wmt stmbi lftk hry stmbi usmh gkr pkwmrjmfmrbtlkf kr prkemssms.

Xomrm brm tormm typms kg supmrombtmrs fbimcy0 rbhlbft, ekfvmetlkf, bfh smpbrbtmcy glrmh.

B rbhlbft supmrombtmr ls pcbemh hlrmetcy lf tom ekidustlkf eobidmr.

B ekfvmetlkf supmrombtmr ls ckebtmh lf tom pbto kg tom okt jbsms.

B smpbrbtmcy glrmh supmrombtmr, bs lts fbim lipclms, ls tktbccy smpbrbtmh grki tom dklcmr.

Zobtmvmr typm kg dklcmr ls usmh, stmbi wlcc cmbvm tom wbtmr bt lts surgbem bfh pbss lftk tom stmbi spbem.Utmbi gkrimh bdkvm tom wbtmr surgbem lf b somcc dklcmr ls bcwbys sbturbtmh bfh ebffkt dmekimsupmrombtmh lf tom dklcmr somcc, bs lt ls ekfstbftcy lf ekftbet wlto tom wbtmr surgbem.

Lg supmrombtmh stmbi ls rmqulrmh, tom sbturbtmh stmbi iust pbss torkujo b supmrombtmr. Xols ls slipcy bombt mxeobfjmr womrm bhhltlkfbc ombt ls bhhmh tk tom sbturbtmh stmbi.

Uupmr ombtmr tmipmrbturm cliltbtlkfs0

Xokujo tomrikhyfbilebccy tomrm ls fk clilt kf supmrombtlfj stmbi, tom ibxliui tmipmrbturm tk woleoebf dm ombtmh lf b dklcmr ls hletbtmh dy tom imtbccurjy kg tom supmr ombtmr tudms, woleo obvm wltostbfhtom oljo tmipmrbturm. Ekfslhmrlfj bvblcbdlclty mekfkiy lf lfltlbc ekst bfh iblftmfbfem ekst jmfmrbccygmrrltm, pmbrcltm bfh vmry cliltmh b ikuft kg bustmfltm stmmcs kfcy ebf dm e oksmf gkr supmrombtmr bfhrmombtmr tudms. Dmebusm kg tols rmbskf tom prmsmft trmfh ls tk clilt tom stmbi tmipmrbturm vbcum bt =8>>E

dkto lf supmrombtmr bs wmcc lf rmombtmr.

Tmombtmr0

Hmvmckpimft kg cbrjm ebpbelty stmbi turdlfms wlto ikrm fuidmr kg stbjms pksmh b prkdcmi kg rmtblflfj

tom stmbi wltolf vbpkur pobsm tlcc tom cbst stbjm. Lt ls dmebusm mvmf wlto b cbrjmr stmbi turdlfm tom lfcmtstmbi tmipmrbturm ls ampt bt =8>>E kfcy hum tk supmrombtmr cliltbtlkfs. Xk kvmrekim tols prkdcmi lt

dmekims fmemssbry tk rblsm tom tmipmrbturm kg stmbi bgtmr pbrt kg lts mfmrjy ls mxtrbetmh grki lt lf tom


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stmbi turdlfm. Xols ls ebccmh tom rmombt lfj kg tom stmbi woleo lfermbsms tom eyecm mgglelmfey. Xolsrmombtlfj kg tom stmbi ls hkfm lf tom dklcmr woleo suppclms supmr ombtmh stmbi tk tom turdlfm ltsm cg bt tomombtlfj surgbems ebccmh rmombtmr. ^kwmr pcbft gurfbems iby obvm b rmombtmr smetlkf ekftblflfj tudmsombtmh dy okt gcum jbsms kutslhm tom tudms.

Mxobust stmbi grki tom oljo prmssurm turdlfm ls rmrkutmh tk jk lfslhm tom rmombtmr tudms tk pleaup ikrmmfmrjy tk jk hrlvm lftmrimhlbtm kr ckwmr prmssurm turdlfms.

Mekfkilzmr0

Lf slipcm tmris, bf mekfkilzmr ls b ombt mxeobfjmr.

Lf dklcmrs, mekfkilzmrs brm ombt mxeobfjm hmvlems tobt ombt gculhs, usubccy wbtmr, up tk dut fkt fkribccy dmykfh tom dklclfj pklft kg tobt gculh.

Xomy brm b hmvlem glttmh tk b dklcmr woleo sbvms mfmrjy dy uslfj tom mxobust jbsms grki tom dklcmr tk prmombt tom ekch wbtmr usmh tk glcc lt (tom gmmh wbtmr ).

Gcum jbsms grki cbrjm dklcmrs brm typlebccy 8=> - 7=>G.Utbea Mekfkilzmrs rmekvmr skim kg tols ombt gkr prm-ombtlfj wbtmr. Xom wbtmr ls ikst kgtmf usmh gkr dklcmr ibam-up wbtmr kr skim ktomr fmmh tobteklfelhms wlto dklcmr kpmrbtlkf.

Utbea Mekfkilzmrs sokuch dm ekfslhmrmh bs b f mgglelmfey imbsurm womf cbr jm bikufts kg ibam-upwbtmr brm usmh kr tomrm ls b sliuctbfmkus fmmh gkr cbrjm qubftltlms kg okt wbtmr gkr skim ktomr usm.

Zkralfj0

Dklcmr stbea mekfkilzmrs brm slipcy ombt mxeobfjmrs wlto okt gcum jbs kf kfm slhm bfh wbtmr kf tom

ktomr. Mekfkilzmrs iust dm slzmh gkr tom vkcuim kg gcum jbs, lts tmipmrbturm, tom ibxliui prmssurmhrkp bcckwmh torkujo tom stbea, wobt alfh kg gumc ls usmh lf tom dklcmr, bfh okw iueo mfmrjy fmmhs tk

dm rmekvmrmh.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler_feedwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler_feedwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler_feedwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler_feedwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling


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Mcmetrkstbtle prmelpltbtkr0

Bf mcmetrkstbtle prmelpltbtkr (MU^), kr mcmetrkstbtle blr ecmbfmr ls b ekccmetlkf hmvlem tobt rmikvms pbrtlecms grki b gckwlfj jbs (sueo bs b lr) uslfj tom gkrem kg bf lfhuemh mcmetrkstbtle eobrjm.

Mcmetrkstbtle prmelpltbtkrs brm oljocy mgglelmft glctrbtlkf hmvlems tobt, bfh ebf mbslcy rmikvm glfm pbrtleucbtm ibttmr sueo bs hust bfh sikam grki tom blr strmbi.

Gcum jbs stbeas0

B gcum jbs stbea ls b typm kg eolifmy , b vmrtlebc plpm, eobffmc kr s lilcbr strueturm torkujo woleoekidustlkf prkhuet jbsms ebccmh gcum jbsms brm mxobustmh tk tom kutslhm blr.

Gcum jbsms brm prkhuemh womfekbc, klc, fbturbc jbs , wkkh kr bfy ktomr gumc ls ekidustmh lf bflfhustrlbc gurfbem, b pkwmr pcbft's stmbi-jmfmrbtlfj dklcmr , kr ktomr cbrjm ekidustlkf hmvlem.

Gcum jbs ls usubccy ekipksmh kg ebrdkf hlkxlhm (EK 4) bfh wbtmr vbpkur bs wmcc bs fltrkjmf bfh mxemsskxyjmf rmiblflfj grki tom lftbam ekidustlkf blr. Lt bcsk ekftblfs b sibcc pmremftbjm kg pkccutbfts sueobs pbrtleucbtm ibttmr , ebrdkf ikfkxlhm , fltrkjmf kxlhms bfh sucgur kxlhms.

Xom gcum jbs stbeas brm kgtmf qultm tbcc, up tk 8>> imtmrs (25>> gmmt) kr ikrm, sk bs tk hlspmrsm tommxobust pkccutbfts kvmr b jrmbtmr brmb bfh tomrmdy rmhuem tom ekfemftrbtlkf kg tom pkccutbfts tk tom cmvmcsrmqulrmh dy jkvmrfimftbc mfvlrkfimftbc pkcley bfh mfvlrkfimftbc rmjucbtlkf.

Gcum jbs stbea hrbgt (kr hrbujot)0Xom ekidustlkf gcum jbsms lfslhm tom gcum jbs stbeas brm iueo okttmr tobf tom bidlmft kutslhm blr bfhtomrmgkrm cmss hmfsm tobf tom bidlmft blr. Xobt ebusms tom dkttki kg tom vmrtlebc ekcuif kg okt gcum jbs tkobvm b ckwmr prmssurm tobf tom prmssurm bt tom dkttki kg b ekrrmspkfhlfj ekcuif kg kutslhm blr.

Xobt oljomr prmssurm kutslhm tom eolifmy ls tom hrlvlfj gkrem tobt ikvms tom rmqulrmh ekidustlkf blrlftk tom ekidustlkf zkfm bfh bcsk ikvms tom gcum jbs up bfh kut kg tom eolifmy.

Xobt ikvmimft kr gckw kg ekidustlkf blr bfh gcum jbs ls ebccmh "fbturbc hrbgt (kr hrbujot)", "fbturbcvmftlcbtlkf" , "eolifmy mggmet", kr "stbea mggmet". Xom tbccmr tom stbea, tom ikrm hrbgt (kr hrbujot) lsermbtmh.

Xom mqubt lkf dmckw prkvlhms bf bpprkxlibtlkf kg tom prmssurm hlggmrmfem, ^ , (dmtwmmf tom dkttki bfhtom tkp kg tom gcum jbs stbea) tobt ls ermbtmh dy tom hrbgt0

womrm0

^ 9 bvblcbdcm prmssurm hlggmrmfem, lf ^b
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulate_matterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulate_matterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulate_matterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_oxideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_oxideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_oxideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC#Natural_ventilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC#Natural_ventilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC#Natural_ventilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC#Natural_ventilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_%28unit%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_%28unit%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_%28unit%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_%28unit%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC#Natural_ventilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC#Natural_ventilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_oxideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulate_matterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_charge


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E 9 >.>584

b 9 btikspomrle prmssurm, lf b

o 9 omljot kg tom gcum jbs stbea, lf i

X k 9 bdskcutm kutslhm blr tmipmrbturm, lf A

X l 9 bdskcutm bvmrbjm tmipmrbturm kg tom gcum jbs lfslhm tom stbea, lf A

Hrbujot (kr hrbgt ) systmi0

Cbrjm bikuft kg blr brm fmmhmh gkr ekidustlkf kg tom gumc. Xom jbsmkus ekidustlkf prkhuets lf oujmqubftlty obvm bcsk tk dm rmikvmh ekftlfukuscy grki tom dklcmr gurfbem. Xk prkhuem tom rmqulrmh gckw kgblr kr ekidustlkf jbs, b prmssurm hlggmrmftlbc ls fmmhmh. Xom tmri hrbgt kr hrbujot ls usmh tk hmglfmtom stbtle prmssurm lf tom gurfbem, lf tom vbrlkus huets, bfh tom stbea. Xom gufetlkf kg tom hrbujot systmi

ls dbslebccy twkgkch02. Xk suppcy tk tom gurfbem tom rmqulrmh qubftlty kg blr gkr ekipcmtm ekidustlkf kg gumc.

4. Xk rmikvm tom jbsmkus prkhuets kg ekidustlkf grki tom gurfbem bfh torkw tomsm torkujo eolifmy krstbea tk tom btikspomrm.

Xomrm brm twk wbys kg prkhuelfj hrbujot0

2. Fbturbc hrbujot

4. Imeobflebc hrbujot

2. Fbturbc hrbujot0

Xom fbturbc hrbujot ls prkhuemh dy b eolifmy kr b stbea. Lt ls ebusmh dy tom hmfslty hlggmrmfem dmtwmmftom btikspomrle blr bfh tom okt jbs lf tom stbea.

^ 9 j O ( b j )Zomrm0b 9 hmfslty kg btikspomrle blr, aj/i5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin


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j 9 bvmrbjm jbs hmfslty lf tom eolifmy, aj/i 5

j 9 beemcmrbtlkf hum tk jrbvlty, % kg gucc ckbh blr gckw womf tom ktomr ls kut kg smrvlem.

Xom gkremh hrbujot gbf lg usmh bckfm, bs lf ibfy cbrjm stmbi jmfmrb tkrs bfh bcikst bcc ibrlfmbppclebtlkfs, iblftblfs tom mftlrm systmi up tk tom stbea mftrbfem ufhmr pksltlvm jbujm prmssurm.

Lfhuemh hrbujot gbfs brm fkribccy ckebtmh bt tom gkkt kg tom stbea. Xomy obfhcm okt ekidustlkf jbsms.Xomlr pkwmr rmqulrmimfts brm, tomrmgkrm, jrmbtmr tobf GH gbfs. Lf bhhltlkf tomy iust ekpm wlto ekrrkslvmekidustlkf prkhuets bfh gcy bso.

Zomf dkto GH bfh LH gbfs brm usmh lf b stmbi jmfmrbtkr, tom GH gbfs puso btikspomrle blr torkujo tomblr prmombtmr, hbipmrs, vbrlkus blr huets, bfh durfmrs lftk tom gurfbem, bfh tom LH gbf sueas kut tom gcumjbsms torkujo tom ombt trbfsgmr surgbems lf tom supmrombtmr, rmombtmr, mekfkilzmr, jbs-slhm blr prmombtmrbfh hust ekccmetkrs bfh hlseobrjm lftk tom stbea. Xom stbea dmebusm kg lts omljot, bhhs b fbturbc hrlvlfj

prmssurm kg lts kwf.

Blr prmombtmr0


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Bf blr prmombtmr (B^O) ls b jmfmrbc tmri tk hmserldm bfy hmvlem hmsljfmh tk ombt blr dmgkrm bfktomr prkemss (gkr mxbipcm, ekidustlkf lf b dklcmr ) wlto tom prlibry kd`metlvm kg lfermbslfj tom tomribcmgglelmfey kg tom prkemss.

Xom purpksm kg tom blr prmombtmr ls tk rmekvmr tom ombt grki tom dklcmr gcum jbs woleo lfermbsms tomtomribc mgglelmfey kg tom dklcmr dy rmhuelfj tom usmguc ombt ckst lf tom gcum jbs.

Bs b ekfsmqumfem, tom gcum jbsms brm bcsk smft tk tom gcum jbs stbea (kr eolifmy ) bt b ckwmr tmipmrbturm,bcckwlfj slipclglmh hmsljf kg tom huetlfj bfh tom gcum jbs stbea. Lt bcsk bcckws ekftrkc kvmr tomtmipmrbturm kg jbsms cmbvlfj tom stbea (tk immt milsslkfs rmjucbt lkfs, gkr mxbipcm).

Xypms kg Dklcmrs0

Dklcmr systmis brm ecbsslglmh lf b vbrlmty kg wbys. Xomy ebf dm ecbsslglmh beekrhlfj tk tom mfh usm, sueobs gkr ombtlfj, pkwmr jmfmrbtlkf kr prkemss rmqulrmimfts.

Kr tomy ebf dm ecbsslglmh beekrhlfj tk prmssurm, ibtmrlbcs kg ekfstruetlkf, slzm tudm ekftmfts (gkrmxbipcm, wbtmrslhm kr glrmslhm), glrlfj, ombt skurem kr elreucbtlkf.

Dklcmrs brm bcsk hlst lfjulsomh dy tomlr imtokh kg gbdrlebt lkf.

Ukimt lims dklcmrs brm ecbss lglmh dy tomlr ombt skurem. Gkr mxbipcm, tomy brm kgtmf rmgmrrmh tk bs klc-glrmh,jbs-glrmh, ekbc-glrmh, kr skclh gumc glrmh dklcmrs.Cmt us tbam b ckka bt skim typlebc typms kg dklcmrs.

Glrm tudm dklcmrs0

Glrmtudm dklcmrs ekfslst kg b smrlms kg strbljot tudms tobt brm okusmh lfslhm b wbtmr-glccmh kutmr somcc. Xomtudms brm brrbfjmh sk tobt okt ekidustlkf jbsms gckw torkujo tom tudms. Bs tom okt jbsms gckw torkujotom tudms, tomy ombt tom wbtmr surrkufhlfj tom tudms. Xom wbtmr ls ekfglfmh dy tom kutmr somcc kg dklcmr.

Xk bvklh tom fmmh gkr b tolea kutmr somcc glrmtudm dklcmrs brm usmh gkr ckwmr prmssurm bppclebtlkfs.Jmfmrbccy, tom ombt lfput ebpbeltlms gkr glrmtudm dklcmrs brm cliltmh tk => idtu pmr okur kr cmss, dut lfrmemft ymbrs tom s lzm kg glrmtudm dklcmrs obs lfermbsmh.

Glrmtudm dklcmrs brm sudhlvlhmh lftk tormm jrkups.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gas_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gas_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gas_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steam_Generator.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gas_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air


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Bcc obvm stmbi hruis gkr tom smpbrbtlkf kg tom stmbi grki tom wbtmr, bfh kfm kr ikrm iuh hruis gkrtom rmikvbc kg scuhjm.

Gumc klc-glrmh bfh fbturbc jbs-glrmh wbtmr tudm pbeabjm dklcmrs brm sudhlvlhmh lftk tormm ecbssms dbsmh kftom jmkimtry kg tom tudms.

Xom B hmsljf obs twk sibcc ckwmr hruis bfh b cb rjmr uppmr hrui gkr stmbi-wbtmr smpbrbtlkf. Lf tom

H hmsljf, woleo ls tom ikst ekiikf, tom uflt obs twk hruis bfh b cbrjm -vkcuim ekidustlkfeobidmr. Xom krlmftbtlkf kg tom tudms lf b H dklcmr ermbtms mltomr b cmgt kr rljot-obfhmh ekfgljurbtlkf.Gkr tom K hmsljf, tom dklcmr tudm ekfgljurbtlkf mxpksms tom cmbst bikuft kg tudm surgbem tk rbhlbftombt. Tmftbc uflts brm kgtmf K dklcmrs dmebusm tomlr syiimtry ls b dmfmglt lf trbfspkrtbtlkf.

Mcmetrle dklcmrs0Mcmetrle dklcmrs ebf usm mcmetrle rmslstbfem ombtlfj eklcs liimrsmh lf wbtmr bfh brm fkribccy vmry ckw-ebpbelty uflts.

Ktomr typms kg mcmetrle dklcmrs brm mcmetrkhm-typm uflts tobt jmfmrbtm sbturbtmh stmbi dy ekfhuetlfjeurrmft torkujo tom wbtmr ltsmcg.Dklcmr wbtmr ekfhuetlvlty iust dm ikfltkrmh bfh ekftrkccmh. Lg tom ekfhuetlvlty ls tkk ckw, tom dklcmrwlcc fkt rmbeo gucc kpmrbtlfj ebpbelty. Zomf tom ekfhuetlvlty ls tkk oljo, kvmr-eurrmft prktmetlkf wlccfkribccy sout kgg tom pkwmr.

^rkpmr ekfhuetlvlty bfh oljo-qubclty wbtmr bs wmcc bs mggmetlvm wbtmr trmbtimft ls rmqulrmh. Ukclhs grkitom sbturbtmh stmbi tmfh tk beeuiucbtm sckwcy kf tom lfsucbtkrs suppkrtlfj tom mcmetrkhms grki tomjrkufhmh somcc. Xom uflt iust dm sout hkwf pmrlkhlebccy sk tobt tom lfsucbtkrs ebf dm wbsomh kgg tk

prmvmft brelfj. Glfbccy, vkctbjms kg up tk 27 aW iby dm usmh. ^rktmetlkf ls fmmhmh gkr jrkufh gbucts,kvmr-eurrmft bfh, gkr tormm-pobsm systmis, ckss kg pobsm. Xom iblf mcmetrlebc hlsekffmet swlteo iust dmckeamh kut dmgkrm pmrgkrilfj iblftmfbfem kf tom dklcmr.


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Power Plant Instrumentation Unit 1

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