Power Plant Working

7/27/2019 Power Plant Working

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Power and energy resources constitutes an importantfactor on which the progress of a country depends.

Power generation plays an indispensable role in growthof the industries as well as in catering basic needs andother field.


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Current installed base of Coal Based Thermal Power is 96,743.38MW which comes to 54.66% of total installed base.

Current installed base of Gas Based Thermal Power is 17,706.35MW which is 10.00% of total installed capacity.

Current installed base of Oil Based Thermal Power is 1,199.75 MW whichis 0.67% of total installed capacity.

Thermal 92,426 63.8%

Hydro 36,033 24.9%Nuclear 4,120 2.8%

Renewable 12,194 8.5%

TOTAL 144,773 100.0%
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_plant


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The basic Rankine cycles efficiency islimited to 20-25%.

Regenerative Rankine cycle is clearlynot a practical proposition .

Modified regenerative Rankine cycle isadopted for the power production sinceit has 32% efficiency


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Process 1-2 : The working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure, asthe fluid is a liquid at this stage the pump requires little input energy.

Process 2-3 : The high pressure liquid enters a boiler where it is heated atconstant pressure by an external heat source to become a dry saturatedvapor. The input energy required can be easily calculated using mollier diagram or h-s chart or enthalpy-entropy chart also known as steam tables.

Process 3-4 : The dry saturated vapor expands through a turbine, generating power. This decreases the temperature and pressure of the vapor, and somecondensation may occur. The output in this process can be easily calculatedusing the Enthalpy-entropy chart or the steam tables.

Process 4-1 : The wet vapor then enters a condenser where it is condensedat a constant temperature to become a saturated liquid.


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Boiler plays a major role in all thermal power plant in which de- mineralizedwater is converted into steam which is to be transmitted through various stages.


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Tangential Firing Boiler

Dry Bottom Boiler

Wet Bottom Boiler

Balanced Draft Boiler

Single Drum Boiler


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The flame envelope rotates ensuringthorough mixing within the furnace,

providing complete combustion anduniform heat distribution.

The most effective method for producing intense turbulence is by theimpingement of one flame on another.

With this type of firing, combustion is

extremely rapid, and short flamelength results.


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In dry bottom type boiler thefurnace temperature ismaintained below ash fusiontemperature.

Ash is collected in dry state at bottom.

Good quality ash is obtained toabout 3%

In wet bottom type boiler thefurnace temperature is maintainedabove ash fusion temperature.

Ash is collected in wet state at bottom.

Good quality ash is obtained toabout 1%


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The balanced draft boiler consist of 2- Forced draft fan and 1- induceddraft fan.

The FD fans are used to suck atmospheric air and ash into furnace.

The ID fans perform the function of removing the flue gases out of the boiler


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The name implies it consist of a single drum in which the furnace is at aheight of 90 meters.

The boiler drum is at a height of 83.5m.


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The boilers of these units have been designed by M/s EVT of WestGermany and supplied by M/s Transelectro of Hungary.

Boilers are rated for generating a maximum of 690 Ton/hr of superheatedsteam at 158 KSI (Kilo pound per square inch) pressure and at 540C temperature.


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Bunker is a large container or acompartment which is used for

storing Coal

There are 2-sensors1. Laser level gauge2. Ultrasonic level sensor


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A pulverizer or grinder is a mechanical device for the grinding of manydifferent types of materials. For example, they are used to

pulverize coal for combustion in the steam-generating furnaces of fossilfuel power plants.

Coal pulverizers may be classified by speed, as follows: Low Speed Medium Speed High Speed


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RH 1 RH 2 L P T

337 c 400 c

IPT


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A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. Its modernmanifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884

Turbine and its auxiliaries, regenerative heaters and other associatedequipments are supplied by M/s FrancoTosi of Italy.

Feeder pumps are supplied from M/s Worthington of Italy.


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The main cylinder is a double cylinder, double cooling , double exhaustcondensing , single reheat, regenerative axial flow , compound impulsereaction type HP and IP stage.

HPT - 1 Impulse stage and 13 Compound reaction.

IPT - 12 Impulse stage.

LPT - 6 x 2 Impulse stage.

Rated Speed 3000 rpm

Turbine heat rate = 2012 kcal/hr 1kW = 860 kcal

Efficiency of Turbine:860/2012 = 42.7%


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A deaerator is a device that iswidely used for the removal of air and other dissolved gases fromthe feedwater to steam-generating boilers.

In order to avoid corrosion on theinner surface of the boiler tube anddrum , the gas dissolved in the feed

water Oxygen is removed indeareator.


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A boiler feedwater pump is a specific typeof pump used to pump feedwater into a steam boiler.

These pumps are normally high pressure units thattake suction from a condensate return system and can

be of the centrifugal pump type or positivedisplacement type.

Capacity of 426.7m^3/hr andPressure 207.79kg/cm^2Rated Speed 5210 rpm


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Water is circulated around the condenser to condense the steam coming out of theturbine.

Cooling water enters the condenser at100C to 15 0C and leaves at 20 0C to250C.

Plenty of water is required for

condensing the steam in the condenser.The water may be taken from sourcessuch as river or lake.


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An electrostatic precipitator (ESP ), or electrostatic air cleaner isa particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas(such as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge


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Chlorination kills the micro-organism thereby they loose the ability to stick to the pipe walls.

Chlorination is the process of adding the element chlorine to water as amethod of water purification to make it fit for human consumptionas drinking water. Water which has been treated with chlorine is effectivein preventing the spread of waterborne disease.


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Cooling towers are used to extract theheat of circulating water from thecondenser unit.

It is hyperbolic in shape with basearea 100sq.m . Height 120m.

The cooling capacity is 1300m^3/hr and range of cooling 9C.


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De-mineralized water is employed for feed water in boiler and hydrogensynthesis.

This DM water is prepared in water chemical treatment plant . The rawwater is bore well water.


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An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical

energy to electrical energy. A generator forces electrons in the windings toflow through the external electrical circuit.

Rated Speed : 3000rpmPoles : 2Frequency :50Hz


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Advantages of thermal power plant :Low initial costSince located near the load centre, the cost of transmission and the lossesdue to transmission are considerably reduced.The construction and commissioning of thermal power plant takes lesser

period.

Disadvantages of thermal power plant:Fuel is a non-renewable source of energy.Efficiency decreases with decreasing load.Cost of power generation is high.Smoke produced by burning the fuel causes air pollution.Life of thermal power plant is 25 years. The efficiency decreases to lessthan 10% after its life period.Turbines has a high running speed of 3000 to 4000 rpm.

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Power Plant Working

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