Air barrier paper-

What it is- Air barrier paper is the same thing as housewrap. This is nailed to the sheathing on the outside of the house. It is intended to temporarily block the flow of air into the building until the building is finished.

Definition- Air barrier paper is defined as any solid material that blocks air flow.

Attic ventilation

Soffit vent- A piece of vented metal placed in between the fascia and the wall of a building. Allows an increased level of ventilation in the attic without permeating the structure.

Soffit vent

Attic ventilation

Ridge vent- A vent placed on the ridge of a roof above the attic to increase ventilation.

Ridge vent

Attic ventilation

Gable vent- A metal rectangle with louvers placed on the outside of the attic exposing it slightly to weathering but provides much needed ventilation to the attic.

Gable vent

Attic ventilation

Roof Turbine- Usually found on older homes, the roof turbine takes wind energy and, in a short amount of time, cools the attic.

Roof turbine

Backhoe

An excavating machine used to cut trenches by drawing a boom-mounted bucket through the ground toward the machine. The bucket is rasied and swung to either

side to deposit the excavated material. Has a 24” bucket width.

Batter boards

Pairs of horizontal boards nailed to wood stakes adjoining an excavation. They are used with string to layout elevations and to outline a proposed building.

Brick archesA Roman brick arch is shown in the pictureAn arch is defined as a curved or flat structure spanning an opening. The shape and size are limited by the materials used and the support provided.

Brick arch

Segmental arch- An arch where the curve through the length of the arch is less than a semicircle.

Arch with a keystone

BrickCentering

Brick Bonds

Stretcher

Header

Soldier

Rowlock

Brick BondsShiner- Decorative, with the longest dimension of the brick horizontal and the widest

dimension parallel to the face of the wall. Shiner brick

Brick BondsSailor brick- Decorative, with the longest dimension of the brick verticaland the widest dimension parallel to the face of the wall.

Brick Bonds

Brick- Stack bond- Made by placing stretcher bricks exactly on top of each other in multiple courses.

Brick Bonds

Brick- Running bond- the standard brick bond. Made by placing only stretcher bricks half way apart every course.

Brick BondsGarden wall bond- 1 header for every 3 stretchers in the same course.

Header bricks

Brick sizesBrick- Modular- 3 5/8” x  2 ¼” x 7 5/8”

Brick sizesRoman Brick- 3 5/8”x 1 5/8” x11 5/8”

BulldozerA Bulldozer is defined as a tractor with a large, blunt blade attached to its front end

by hydraulic-controlled arms. It is used to push, shape, or move earth or rock short

distances.

Cladding

EIFS- You can tell that this is an EIFS finish instead of a stucco finish because of the “worm finish”.

CladdingWood siding

Wood shingles

CladdingWood shingles- consistent solid wood pieces used for cladding or roofing. Wood shakes- a wooden shingle that is made from split logs. When these are used for covering the roof, the result is called a shake roof.

Cladding

Stone- large random rubble

Code requirements- Bedroom windowThe IBC requires that each bedroom be provided with an egress window with a minimum net clear opening of 5.7 square feet, a minimum width of 20” and a minimum height of 24”. Windows within 44” of the exterior grade may provide 5.0 square feet net clear area. The bottom of the clear opening of any egress window must be 44” maximum above adjacent floor level.

Meets Code

Window opens more than 90 degrees outward and has a net clear opening of 8.4 sf per window.

Width= 29”

Height= 42”

Sill height=25”

Area= 8.4 sf per window

Code requirementsStair treads and risers

According to IBC, in Group R-2 occupancies the maximum riser height shall be 7.75 inches and the minimum tread depth shall be 10 inches.

Meets Code

Tread= 10 ½”

Riser= 7 ¼”

Concrete jointsControl joint- A formed, sawed, or tooled groove in a concrete structure.

Concrete jointsIsolation joint- A joint positioned as to separate concrete from adjacent surfaces or into individual structural elements which are not in direct contact.In this picture, the driveway slab is being isolated from the garage slab.

Concrete Masonry Unit

CMU sizes- 4” x 8” x 16” and Half block 8” x 4” x 16” compared to the standard 8”x 8” x 16”

4” CMU

Half Block

Standard CMU block

Concrete Masonry UnitConcrete Masonry Unit (CMU)- hollow blocks mortared together to create a solid wall. Much more efficient than concrete construction.

3 courses brick= 1 course CMU

Decorative CMU Split face block

Decorative CMU- Ribbed-face block

Decorative CMU Ribbed face block

DoorsFlush door

Top rail

Bottom rail

Lock rail

Stiles

Panel

DoorsPanel doors

Top rail

Panel

Stile

Lock rail

Bottom rail

DoorsTransom- A glazed or solid panel over a door or window, usually hinged and used for ventilation. The transom and bar may by removable for passage of large objects

Stained glass sidelight

DoorsSidelight- A fixed frame of glass next to a door or window

Electrical ComponentsPower pole with a transformer.

Used to convert a power supply at one voltage to another voltage.

Electrical ComponentsService head

The electrical supply line running from the utility pole that delivers power to a customer’s service panel

Electrical componentsPower meter- A device used for measuring the flow of electric current over a period of time.

Electrical componentsService panel- The main circuit breaker panel or fuse box where the service lead ties into the building’s circuits.

Electrical componentsDuplex receptacle- Two electrical receptacles housed in the same outlet box

The point in an electrical wiring circuit at which the current is supplied to an appliance or a device.

2. Sill plate

FramingAnchor bolt/ Sill Plate

1. Anchor Bolt

Framing3. Floor joist

3. Floor Joist

Framing4. Subfloor

4. Subfloor

FramingSole plate

5. Sole plate

7. Top plate

6. Stud

Framing- Stud/ top plate

FramingCeiling joist-Trusses

8. Ceiling joists

Framing9. Rafters

9. Rafters

Roof decking

Framing

10. Roof Decking

Sheathing

Framing11.Sheathing

Framing12. Stringer- Home Depot andcompleted stairs

Stringer

Front end loaderA machine with a bucket fixed to its fornt end, having a lift-arm assembly that raises and lowers the bucket. Used in earth moving and loading operations and in rehandling stockpiled materials.

Unlike the backhoe or the bulldozer, this machine can actually pick up a large amount of dirt and move it rather than push it, like a bulldozer, or move it in small quantities as in the backhoe.

Gypsum board

Gypsum board is defined as a panel whose gypsum core is paperfaced on each side, and which is used to cover walls and cielings while providing a smooth surface that is easy to finish.

Taped and mudded

Heat pumpCompressor/ Condensor- Removes heat from the high pressure refrigerant gas and transforms it into a cool liquid.

Advantages- simple and easy to install, priced cheaper than other unitsDisadvantages- Only perform well in mild climates,

Heat Pump

Air handling unit (AHU)- The traditional method of heating, cooling, and ventilating a building by which single or variable speed fans push air over hot or cold coils, then through dampers and ducts and once more into one or more rooms.

Air Handling Unit

Insulation- Any material used to reduce the effects of heat, cold, or sound.

Batt insulation- Also called “blanket insulation”, used to facilitate the insulation between joists or studs of a frame construction.

Insulation-Loose fill insulation- primarily used in attics… more

Loose fill insulation

InsulationFoam insulation

Insulation

Rigid board

Concrete Lintel On a CMU wall a lintel used to distribute the weight of the bearing walls to the wall instead of the window.

Mortar

3/8” Concave mortar joint

Type of building- brick veneer on a residential house

Type of mortar- N (Medium strength mortar, general use above grade)

Mortar

3/8” Raked mortar joint

Tooled joint

Type of mortar- S (looks like it is a load bearing application)

Type of building- Old library

Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Used in non-load bearing applications above grade. OSB is mostly used for sheathing and it is not a veneered panel product.

OSB board is produced from recycled wood that is chopped up and compressed to make a new board.

PlumbingLavatory- 1 ½”” drain pipingWater closet- 3” drain piping

Lavatory

Water closet

PlumbingManufactured bathtub unit installed

PlumbingPlumbing vent (VTR- Vent Through Roof)- Used to get all harmful gasses out of the building.

PlumbingUnder mount sink- bathroom 1 ½” piping

PlumbingUnder mount sink- kitchen 1 ½” piping

PlywoodA flat panel made up of a number a sheets of wood. They are used, in most cases, for sheathing walls and roof decking. Plywood is installed in between the trusses and the felt paper.

Veneer- Wood peeled, sawn, or sliced into sheets of a given constant thickness and combined with glue to produce plywood. Veneers are laid up with the grain direction of adjoining sheets at right angles to produce plywood of great stiffness and strength.

Radiant Barrier

Radiant barriers inhibit heat transfer by thermal radiation. Radiant barriers do not necessarily protect against other methods of heat transfer such as conduction or convection.

Rebar

Rebar is placed in concrete to provide tinsel strength. Both rebar and concrete have about the same rate of expansion so they work together well. This is a picture of 2 pieces of #5 rebar, which is 5/8” thick. The purpose of the deformations in the rebar is to provide friction between the rebar and the concrete.

Steep Roof DrainageGutter- A shallow channel of wood, metal, or PVC positioned just below and following along the eaves of a building for the purpose of collecting and diverting water from the roof.

Steep Roof DrainageDownspout- A vertical pipe used to drain rainwater from the roof either to the ground or to a drainage system

Steep Roof DrainageSplash block- A small masonry block set in the ground beneath a rain gutter to receive roof drainage and prevent puddling or soil erosion.

Steep Roof Materials

Felt paper/ Building paper- a heavy, asphalt impregnated paper used as a lining and/ or vapor barrier between the sheathing and an outside wall covering, or as a lining between rough and finish flooring

In this application, 30 pound (#) paper is used.

Steep Roof Materials

Clay tile roof

Steep roof materialsSlate shingles

Shingle-a roof covering unit made of asphalt, wood, slate, or other material cut into stock sizes and applied on sloping roofs in an overlapping pattern.

Steep roof materialsMetal panel roofAluminized steel

Steep roof shapesGable roof

Steep roof shapesGambrel roof

.

Steep roof shapesHip roof

Steep roof shapesMansard roof

fasciavalley eave

Steep roof termsValley- The place where two planes of a roof meet at a downward angle.Fascia- A board used on the outside vertical face of a cornice.Eave- Those portions of the roof that project beyond the outside walls of a building.Rake- A board or molding that is placed along the sloping edge of a frame to cover the siding

rake

Steep roof terms

Metal roof without a fascia- A simple roof configuration with no fascia board attaching the top of the siding with the bottom of the soffit.

StoneRandom rubble

StoneCoursed rubble

StoneRandom ashlar

StoneCoursed ashlar

Vapor Retarder/ Barrier

A vapor retarder is used to prevent the moisture vapor entering crawlspace areas. The vapor barrier is usually 6 millimeter polyethylene, or plastic. The sheets are laid in rows over the soil.

Waterproofing

Any number of materials which prevent the infiltration of water into the building.

In this photo, the waterproofing is full adhered.

Weep Hole

Welded wire fabric (WWF)

A series of longitudinal and transverse wires of various gauges, arranged at right angles to each other and welded at all points of intersection; used for concrete slab reinforcement.

WindowsAwning window- a type of window that is hinged from the top of the window and swings outward

WindowsDouble hung window- a window that has two vertical sliding sashes, one above the other, mounted on separate guides so that either or both can be opened at the same time.

WindowsCasement window- A window assembly that has at least one casement or vertically

hinged sash. In this picture there are two casements.