Power Sources for the Internet-of-Things: Markets and Strategies

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Power Sources for the Internet-of-Things:

2014-2021

Nano-741

© 2014 NanoMarkets, LCwww.nanomarkets.net

NanoMarkets, LCSeptember 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTSObjectives and Scope of this Report

Methodology and Information Sources

Plan of this Report

Report Table of Contents

Chapter One: Introduction

Internet of Things: Classification of Applications

Internet-of-Things: The Very Need

New Methods to Power Internet-of-Things Applications

Key Global Market for the IoT Power Source Industry

Favorable Factors for the Industry

Key Issues Faced by the Industry

Trends in IoT Power Source Industry

Potential Applications

Commercial Application Trends

Contact Us

OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THIS REPORT

The main objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview of the power sources for the Internet-of-Things (IoT)market, assessing the power requirements, power sources, and market opportunities. We provide detailed eight-year forecasts forthe power sources business by segregating the market under different segments (in terms of power sources) with separate revenueand volume estimations.

In compiling our forecasts, we examine the product development and marketing strategies of the leading, influential players (bothlarge and small) in the emerging power sources field.

We also take into consideration announcements by current and prospective players regarding pricing, new product introduction,capacity expansion, technology evolution, and production timetables. These announcements are reviewed critically because, in somecases, the expectations/projections of some players seem highly unrealistic to us.

IoT Power Sources covered in this report include:

• Inductive power sources• Batteries (thin-film and printed batteries)• Energy harvesting, which includes solar sources, motion-based energy harvesting, motion- and vibration-based energy harvesting,

and thermo-electric energy sources.

www.nanomarkets.net © 2014 NanoMarkets, LC

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES


This report is the latest from NanoMarkets that looks closely at the trends in power sources for IoT.

The forecasting approach is to identify and quantify the power source markets for IoT over the next eight years, and then to assess andquantify their potential to actually penetrate these markets via power requirement for different technologies.

As part of the analysis, we assess the likely level of competition among different power sources in the addressable markets. Also, weconsider how technical developments can accelerate, slow, or in some cases halt the ability of different power source technologies togain widespread commercialization.

To determine where the opportunities lie, we have based this report both on primary and secondary research.

Primary information is gathered through analysis of relevant applications and market trends based on discussions with key players in thepower sources segment, including entrepreneurs, business development and marketing managers, and technologists.

Secondary research is based on technical literature, company websites, trade journals and press articles, trade shows, and conferences.This also includes the complete library of our own reports in this field, which is now quite extensive. Where data is based on anotherreport, it has been reinvestigated, reanalyzed, and reconsidered in the light of current information, and updated accordingly.

This report is international in scope. The forecasts here are worldwide and we have not been geographically selective in the firmscovered or interviewed.

PLAN OF THIS REPORT


In Chapter Two of this report, we review the power requirements for different technologies and which power source is applicable. Welook at how the performance specifications and standards are evolving, as well as demand-side challenges such as low cost, superiorpower management, and creating a market-pull for power sources. Special emphasis has been put on the discussion behind the needfor a power source that can eventually be used for power requirements of IoTs in the coming years.

Finally, in Chapter Three we review the addressable markets with the goal of identifying where and how power sources are most likelyto have commercial success in IoTs. We focus on those firms that are actively involved in developing strategies to improve theperformance parameters of power sources, and those that have the potential to commercialize the technology in a big way. For thispurpose, we have considered power source manufacturers.

At the same time, we provide the core forecasts for power sources. We describe assumptions about pricing, market trends, and otherfactors that may influence the forecasts. The forecasts are broken out by power source type.

REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary

E.1 What the IoT Needs: Summary of Power Source Requirements for the IoT

E.2 Hardware/ Software Strategies for Lowering Power Consumption in the IoT

E.3 Power Sources for the IoT: A Summary of Opportunities

E.3.1 Low-Power Radio Sources

E.3.2 Sensors and RFIDs

E.3.3 MPUs and MCUs

E.3.4 Battery Makers

E.3.5 Novel Energy Harvesting Devices

E.3.6 Opportunities for Start-Ups

E.4 Eight Companies to Watch in the IoT Power Source Market

E.5 Summary of Eight-Year Forecasts of IoT Power Sources


1.1 Background to Report

1.2 Scope of Report

1.3 Methodology of this Report


1.4 Plan of Report

Chapter Two Power Requirements for the Internet-of-Things

2.1 Power Requirements for Sensors in the IoT

2.1.1 Variations by Type of Sensor

2.1.2 Wireless Sensor Networking Standards: Implications for Power Sources

2.1.3 Power Sources Used in WSNs: Current and Future

2.2 Role of MCUs/MPUs in the IoT

2.2.1 Power Requirements for MCUs/MPUs in the IoT

2.2.2 Power Sources for MCUs/MPUs in the IoT

2.3 Role of MCUs/MPUs in the IoT



2.4 RFIDs and Other Tagging Devices in the IoT

2.4.1 RFIDs and Novel Tagging Technology




2.5 Key Points Made in this Chapter

Chapter Three IoT Power Sources: Markets and Eight-Year Forecasts

3.1 Inductive Power Sources for the IoT

3.1.1 Current and Future Use of Inductive Power Sources in the IoT

3.1.2 Market Opportunities for Inductive Power Sources in the IoT

3.1.3 Key Suppliers of Inductive Power Sources for the IoT

3.1.4 Market Opportunities for Inductive Power Sources in the IoT

3.1.5 Key Suppliers of Inductive Power Sources for the IoT

3.1.6 Eight-Year Forecast of Inductive Readers and Power Sources for the IoT

3.2 Batteries for the IoT

3.2.1 Thin-Film Batteries in the IoT

3.2.2 Printed Batteries in the IoT

3.2.3 Do Conventional Batteries Have a Role in the IoT?

3.2.4 Market Opportunities for Batteries in the IoT

3.2.5 Key Suppliers of Batteries for the IoT

TABLE OF CONTENTS3.2.6 Eight-Year Forecast of Batteries for the IoT

3.3 Energy Harvesting

3.3.1 Solar Sources: Available Materials Sets

3.3.2 Motion Based Energy Harvesting

3.3.3 Motion- and Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting

3.3.4 Thermo-electric Energy Sources

3.3.5 Market Opportunities for Energy Harvesting in the IoT

3.3.6 Key Suppliers of Energy Harvesting Devices for the IoT

3.3.7 Eight-Year Forecast of Energy Harvesting for the IoT

3.4 Summary of Eight-Year Market Forecasts

3.5 Key Points Made in this Chapter

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INTERNET OF THINGS: CLASSIFICATION OF APPLICATIONS

Communication

Identification

Location Tracking

Security

Devices

Sensors

Humidity

Motion/movement

RFID Tag

Mobile Phone

Embedded Portable Electronic Devices

Authentication

Security Message

PrivacyRFID GPS

Biometry

Video

RFID

IR

Bluetooth

Zigbee

High-speed LAN

Internet of Things


LightTemperature

ThermalMEMS

Imaging

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is arguably the most disruptive shift in technology since the origination of the Internet itself. These wirelesslyconnected devices are equipped with all the necessary sensors and network technologies to communicate with each other and provide anunprecedented array of services and information. Through the IoT, watches, car keys, and even buildings can use embedded chips andsensors to form a ubiquitous network.

Established companies including Samsung (South Korea) and GE (U.S.) are manufacturing products such as smart thermostats, lightingsystems, and other appliances that communicate using an IoT approach. Until recently, this smart connectivity was expensive and difficult toproduce on a large scale. Only in the last year or so, companies including Qualcomm (U.S.), Broadcom (U.S.), Texas Instruments (U.S.),STMicroelectronics (Switzerland), and Intel (U.S.) have come up with economic and efficient chips that can connect to the Web. Embeddedprocessors company ARM (U.K.)—which has provided stiff competition to Intel in the mobile space—is constantly increasing its efforts toprovide new CPU chip designs for IoTs and wearable devices. In response to Intel’s 2013 release of the Quark chip series for wearables, ARMis working with chipmaker Advanced Micro Devices (U.S.) to develop embedded chips, including a 64-bit system-on-chip called Hierofalcon,for the IoT.

In February 2014, STMicroelectronics announced the introduction of KERKEY, an advanced ready-to-use security module that preventsmalicious attacks on smart-grid gateways, concentrators, and smart meters. This move will ensure a smarted and safer grid communicationas it satisfies CC EAL6+ Penetration Testing for smart-card ICs and FIPS-140 Penetration Testing for Multiple-Chip Cryptographic Modules.

INTERNET-OF-THINGS: THE VERY NEED

• Low cost, reliable, high-speed communication (Ethernet plus the addressing and data transfer scheme)

• Massive and low-cost data storage and computing possibilities (cloud)

• New software approaches that can create value

• Low-cost and precise lithography techniques for the fabrication of micro- and nanoscale devices

• Newer possibilities of biochemical and electrochemical energy storage and energy transfer approaches,including ambient energy harvesting

Major Enablers for the Growth of IoT


NEW METHODS TO POWER INTERNET-OF-THINGS APPLICATIONS

This is the most important power enabler for IoT devices. It includes severaltechnologies to facilitate ambient energy conversion and storage such aspiezoelectric, thermoelectric, pyroelectric, geo-magnetic, electrostatic, directphotovoltaics, and microwave conversion approaches. By 2019, this market isexpected to be a billion-dollar market pushed by high demand from consumer IoTsolutions. In another 20 years’ time, energy harvesting approaches are likely to thesingle most important growth driver for increased penetration of IoT devices.

Separately, due to varying nature of available ambient energy (thermal, vibrational,optical, etc.), IoT wireless sensor nodes will have to recover energy from a variety ofenergy sources if they are going to be fully autonomous. So additionally, they willrequire micro-batteries to serve as backup energy sources, recharged as soon as thenodes have harvested enough energy.

Energy Harvesting

This includes rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries as well as micro-fuelcells. Non-rechargeable storage solutions can play a role in powering the centraldata centers, but not the portable devices.

Electro-chemical Energy Sources

This is related to utilizing abundant biological energy, be it human body, trees,plants, micro-organisms, or ambient atmosphere. This can also be classified as partof energy harvesting, although this segment demands a separate profiling so as togauge the appropriate market growth and potential.

Biological Power Sources

New Methods to Power the IoT


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KEY GLOBAL MARKET FOR THE IOT POWER SOURCE INDUSTRY

The U.S. dominates the thin-film batteries industry with Cymbet Corporation releasing a range of EnerChipbatteries for various IoT devices. Blue Spark Technologies, with its patented thin-film printed battery technology,also is a key player to enable IoT applications with its wide range of products, including: battery-powered smartcards, via UT series batteries that at less than 500µm are one of the thinnest thin-film industrial batteries; battery-assisted passive RFID systems, for real-time monitoring of perishable commodities; and RF-linked sensors and datalogging solutions for temperature-sensitive products (foods and pharmaceuticals).

Meanwhile, start-ups such as Imprint Energy provides ultra-thin zinc-polymer (ZincPoly) printed batteries forvarious IoT applications. The company has collaborated with printed electronics company Thin Film Electronics ASA(Norway) to provide flexible printed batteries for its smart food labels. Micro-energy cells (MECs) can providecontinuous power through ambient energy harvesting approach and can find use in consumer applications,including Bluetooth, sensor nodes, real-time clocks, and memory modules among other applications.

USA

South Korean R&D centers are very active in developing miniature and independent power sources suitable for IoT applications. Recently(June 2014), KAIST demonstrated a very practical and efficient device called "flexible single-crystalline PMN-PT piezoelectric energyharvester“ that can not only prolong the lifetime of cardiac pacemakers but also enable real-time heart monitoring. South Korean companyLG has created three new types of batteries, curved, stepped, and cable. These batteries will be suitable for all the functions of IoT whichrequires high flexibility and high tolerance, and will also be able to fit into small spaces that conventional batteries cannot.

Meanwhile, in Japan there are lots of R&D initiatives on developing high-frequency thermal energy harvesting using magnetic shapememory alloys.

Other noteworthy Asian companies working in the energy harvesting power source sector include Hitachi (Japan), Mitsubishi (Japan),Panasonic (Japan) and Toshiba (Japan).

Asia

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KEY GLOBAL MARKET FOR THE IOT POWER SOURCE INDUSTRY

Spansion Inc. (U.S.) launched a new family of power management integrated circuits (PMICs) with dual input that enable efficient harvestingfrom both solar and vibration energy, that can eliminate the need for—or extending the life of—batteries in IoT devices.

Microgen Systems (U.S.) launched BOLT series of MEMS-based vibrational energy harvesting micro power generators (MPGs) that can convertmechanical vibration to electrical energy. This energy can be stored for later use in energy harvesting (EH) boards with advanced thin-filmbatteries or ultra-capacitors and power management electronics.

Start-up Imprint Energy (U.S.) developed ultrathin zinc-polymer (ZincPoly) batteries for wrist-worn devices that can withstand 1,000 bendingcycles, making it the one of the most stable flexible batteries to date.

Virginia Tech (U.S.) successfully created a sugar-powered fuel cell with an energy storage density of 596 amp-hours per kg, 10× higher thanthat of lithium-ion batteries. This could fuel the growth of IoT power sources rather quickly, if commercialized.

The University of Washington (U.S.) also came up with a new RF wireless energy transfer (RF WiFi) technologythat can not only transfer energy but also power the individual devices.

Recent Innovative Developments

Europe

EnOcean GmbH (Germany), a venture-funded spin-off company of Siemens AG (Germany), is providing wireless standards for IoT devices using motion, solar, and thermo energy harvesting technology. This self-powered wireless technology has been successfully deployed in more than 250,000 buildings worldwide. The EnOcean wireless protocol is standardized internationally as ISO/IEC 14543-3-10, which is optimized for wireless solutions with ultra-low power consumption and energy harvesting.

Start-up SunPartner Technologies (France) is concentrating on manufacturing products based on solar energy harvesting power sources for IoT devices, such as smartphones, smart watches, etc. and might release the products by 2014 end.

Among established companies as well there have been a lot of developments in the European market, with companies such as Nokia (Finland), STMicroelectronics (Switzerland), and Schneider Electric (France) providing thin-film batteries and energy harvesting power sources in the market.

KEY DRIVERS OF IOT POWER SOURCE INDUSTRY

Most of the current IoT devices are powerful and require constant charging in order to maintain the battery and other power supplies of the device.

The IoT devices may also move around frequently, making it difficult to connect to a power supply all the time. Physical connection of the power supply to the power ports is decreasing in demand, driving the device manufacturers to create electronics which will not need ports to charge—or in other words, sealed devices.

Reducing the size of IoT devices requires a smaller and more compact power supply, which also should be able to accommodate the different flexible shapes of those devices.

Thus, the five most important drivers for IoT power sources in the industry are:

Wireless, smart self-charging capability

Environmentally friendly and cost-effective materials

Flexible shape and small size

Enhancement in energy and power density

Longer lifetime, preferably comparable to product lifetime

Key Drivers


FAVORABLE FACTORS FOR THE INDUSTRY


• All the types of power sources mentioned in this report are environmentally friendly, unlike the conventional batteries initially used for the same purposes. This factor will help attract support from governments to counter the disadvantages in conventional batteries and power sourcing methods.

• With the introduction of thin-film and printed batteries, various new design innovations are made possible. LG Chem (South Korea) and Nokia Communication Company (Finland) have been conducting researches to adopt the battery technology in various shapes.

• The raw materials for energy harvesting power sources for IoT are in abundance and are more easily available than their counterparts in the industry.

• Wireless charging will certainly overcome the disadvantage of untidy wirings in conventional chargers, but it also should be able to do more than just charge the device. Therefore, the wire-free technology used for powering an IoT device has to be smart—such that it can detect available energy resources within and nearby the system, choose the appropriate source, and finally initiate self-charging to the desired level.

Smart Wire-free

Technology

Renewable Resources

EnvironmentallyFriendly

Design Innovations

KEY ISSUES FACED BY THE INDUSTRY

Low EfficiencyStandard

Compliance and Safety

Frequency Selection

High Cost

Low Efficiency

The technology for wireless charging using inductive power supply and energy harvesting power supplies has not evolved with respect to the efficiency of power transfer compared to the conventional wired charging. In wireless charging the efficiency is lost while charging, resulting in 70% efficiency compared to the 85% provided by wired chargers.

Frequency Selection

Selecting frequency with respect to the electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) to suit the charging standards for the device has been an issue for wireless charging technology. The tightly coupled and flexibly coupled wireless power transfer technology have to overcome these frequency choice issues to comply with the EMI and EMC requirements.

Standard Compliance and Safety

Worldwide standard compliance of wireless charging technology is the major issue faced by the industry. Many factors influence this aspect of wireless charging, such as frequency, induced electric field, induced current density, and specific absorption rate. For the wireless charging technology to be adopted worldwide, these factors must be integrated in a single standard. This will subsequently solve the security issue faced by the technology.

High Cost

The added cost of these types of power sources with the IoT device makes the technology less preferable over the conventional chargers. The conventional chargers come at no cost with the device, whereas the wireless chargers cost $50 extra. Even thin-film batteries and energy harvesting-based batteries come at a higher cost compared to the conventional power supplies.


TRENDS IN IOT POWER SOURCE INDUSTRY


Battery-less Sensors for IoT

• PsiKick (U.S.), a start-up company, plans to manufacture the lowest power wireless sensors in the world.

• PsiKick chips can be operated by energy harvesting methods such as human body heat, vibration, or ambient light.

RFID Sensors

• RFID sensors employ employ low-power-consumption wireless protocols, such as ZigBee or Bluetooth Low Energy (LE).

• RFID sensors can be embedded into different materials of IoT devices and will not require battery-change maintenance.

Switched-mode Power Supply

• Modern switched-mode power supplies can be designed to span the possible worldwide voltage range between 100 V AC and 240 V AC without manual switching or configuration, at grid frequencies between 50 and 60 Hz.

The recent phenomenon of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) has grown rapidly worldwide, and will continue to grow exponentially in the years to come. Connecting a variety of devices with each other simultaneously creates a high requirement to supply sufficient power for such

devices. The devices are getting smaller and more mobile with each new iteration, and hence the major requirement to power them would be the ease of use with higher efficiency. Thus the power sourcing industry has guided itself to the flow of the new IoT devices and has adopted the technology in answering to the requirements. The following three trends listed are the new power sourcing technologies

which will come in handy in future for various IoT applications.

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS


Current applications of power sources for IoT features in the

new range of smartphones, such as Google Nexus 5 and

Samsung Galaxy S5. Other than that, energy harvesting

methods have found use in building automation.

Thin-film batteries are being applied in smart cards and

micro-sensors.

SmartphonesBuilding

Automation

Smart Grids

Electric Vehicles

Digital Cameras

Smart CardsSmart

Lighting

Portable Medical Devices

Smart Wearables

GPS Devices

Health Monitors

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COMMERCIAL APPLICATION TRENDSIn

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ctiv

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ow

er

Sup

plie

s

Several companies have commercially released and adopted wireless charging standards.

Prominent inductive charging standards in the market include:

* Qi standard of the Wireless Power Consortium (Hong Kong)

* BCM59350 of Broadcom Corp. (U.S.)

* Rezence wireless power charging standard of the Alliance for Wireless Power (U.S.)

* Charging standard provided by Power Matters Alliance (U.S.)

Bat

teri

es

Conventional batteries are being replaced by thin-film and printed batteries, albeit at a slow pace.

In this regard, ‘EnFilm’ thin-film batteries of STMicroelectronics are a new concept of extremely thin (220 µm), rechargeable solid-state batteries with fast constant-voltage recharge and a lifetime of more than 10 years or 4,000 cycles. Apart from this, Imprint Energy and Sakti3 (U.S.) are two very promising start-ups in thin-film battery development.

At the same time, LG (South Korea), Panasonic (Japan) and Samsung (South Korea) also hold strong potential in the thin-film space given the significant number of patents filed by these three companies in this space in the last decade. En

erg

y H

arve

stin

g P

ow

er

Sou

rce

s

Energy harvesting power sources are being adopted mostly in large-scale power sourcing, such as building automation. Currently, in this segment, energy through solar power, motion, piezoelectricity, and thermoelectricity are mostly in use; prominent names include Schneider Electric (France), Texas Instruments (U.S.), and Leviton Manufacturing Company (U.S.).

Energy harvesting for smaller devices can be accomplished by development of so called "Nanogenerators," micro/nanoscale devices capable of converting mechanical or thermal energy to electrical energy. Microgenerators, an older version of nanogenerators, as commercialized by Kinetron (Netherlands) are currently used in several applications, such as watches, mobile phones, and pedal illumination systems. Another company, RMT Ltd (Russia), also markets microgenerators based on pyroelectric technology.

At present, there are various types of power sources available that can support different IoT applications. The power sourcing industry has been widely categorized in three broad segments: electro-chemical (including inductive power sources and thin-film printed batteries),

biological, and energy-harvesting power sources. A snapshot of this market is demonstrated below.

STATUS OF COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY OF IOT POWER SOURCE


Power Source Technology Companies Product Availability

Inductive Power Supplies

Powermat Technologies Ltd. (Israel) Powermat 3X Commercially Available

General Electric (U.S.)Duracell myGrid

Commercially AvailableDuracell Powermat

Energizer Holdings, Inc. (U.S.)Energizer Qi Inductive Charging

SleeveCommercially Available

Mobee Technology Ltd. (Hong Kong) Magic Case for iPhones Commercially Available

Batteries

Thin-Film

Batteries

Cymbet Corporation (U.S.) EnerChip CBC3150 Commercially Available

LG Chem (South Korea)Curved, Stepped, and Cable

Batteries

Prototype/Pilot

Production

STMicroelectronics (Switzerland) EnFilm Commercially Available

Apple (U.S.)Solid-State Flexible Thin-Film

Batteries

Prototype/Pilot

Production

Printed Batteries

Blue Spark Technologies (U.S.) Blue Spark 104-UT1 Commercially Available

Imprint Energy (U.S.) Zinc Poly Batteries Commercially Available

Kunshan Hisense Electronic Co., Ltd

(China)Printed Paper Batteries

Prototype/Pilot

Production

Enfucell (Finland) SoftBattery Commercially Available

Solicore, Inc. (U.S.) Screen Printed BatteryPrototype/Pilot

Production

STATUS OF COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY OF IOT POWER SOURCES


Power Source Technology Companies Product Availability

Energy Harvesting

Power Source

Solar-based

SunPartner Technologies (with Wysips

Crystal Technology) (France)

Smartphones &

Tablets

Prototype/Pilot

Production

Smart Watches

Electronic Shelf

Labels

E-readers

Ubiquitous Energy, Inc. (U.S.)Transparent Solar

Cells

Prototype/Pilot

Production

Panasonic Corporation (Japan) Panasonic SolarSmartCommercially

Available

Motion-based EnOcean Technology (Germany) ECO 200Commercially

Available

Motion- and Vibration-

basedLORD MicroStrain Sensing Systems (U.S.)

PVEH™ Harvester Prototype/Pilot

ProductionMVEH™ Harvester

Thermoelectric-based Micropelt (Germany)

Micropelt Intelligent

Thermostatic

Radiator

Valves (iTRVs)

Commercially

Available

There have been many recent developments in all three power sourcing techniques for IoT, and much work continues each day. The thin-film battery segment is witnessing development of some unique packaging techniques for enabling long-term shelf life of thin-film batteries under harsh environmental conditions, such as high pressure, high temperature, and high humidity.

In the field of energy harvesting for IoTs, efforts are being made to develop a complete transparent solar cell using dye-like molecules that absorb wavelengths of light humans can’t see, letting visible light pass right through.

Ubiquitous Energy is developing such nearly invisible and efficient cells for low-power applications like e-readers and watches. It is currently trying to improve the reliability of the manufacturing process so the coatings can be integrated into existing assembly lines for electronic devices, with plans to have a first commercial product for mobile electronic devices in a few years.

STATUS OF COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY OF IOT POWER SOURCE

In the current market, the Power Matters Alliance’s (PMA)

PowerMat and Wireless Power Consortium’s (WPA) Qi wireless

charging standards are the major standards adopted all over

the world. These charging standards are currently available for

use in smartphone devices in the market— the Nokia Lumia

920, Google Nexus 7, and Samsung Galaxy S5 are compatible

with these wireless charging standards.

Inductive Power Source

SunPartner Technologies (France), an engineering firm which specializes in solar power charging, is developing a new technology to power various IoT devices with solar energy by inducting solar cell modules into the devices such as smartphones, smart watches, e-

readers, and electronic shelf labels.

EnOcean Technologies has released its motion-based energy harvesting product with the ECO 200 range commercially. Commercialization has taken place in the thermoelectric-based energy harvesting sector as well with Micropelt Energy Saving Home

releasing its Micropelt iTRVs for commercial use.

In motion and vibration, or piezoelectric-based energy harvesting, LORD MicroStrain Sensing Systems has developed two prototypes, namely PEVH Harvesters and MEVH Harvesters.

Batteries

Many companies, such as Cymbet Corporation (U.S.) and STMicroelectronics (Switzerland), have started production and commercialization of thin-film batteries; their thin-film battery products, EnerChip and EnFilm, are currently available in the

market. In the printed battery sector, Imprint Energy has collaborated with Thin Film Electronics ASA to develop printed

batteries for their printed memory, sensor and logic technologies.

Energy Harvesting Power Source


IOT POWER SOURCE INDUSTRY: PROBABLE MARKET SCENARIOS


Worldwide Standard Compliance and Adaptability

In future, a wireless charging standard will have to be common for all the devices and the

charging ports for the technology to dominate the power supply industry.

Replacement of Conventional Power Supplies

Inductive chargers, thin-film and printed batteries, and energy harvesting power sources

will have to replace the current conventional power supplies by providing better efficiency at

lower cost.

Dominance in the Industry

If the limitations regarding these power supplies compared to the conventional power supplies are corrected, then IoT

power supplies will command dominance in the industry.

3

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